Higher Certificate Business Management

Information System

Question 1

1.1 System

A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form
a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its
boundaries, structure and purpose and is expressed in its functioning.

1.2 Information

An information is a knowledge obtained from investigation, study, or instruction. The attribute

inherent in and communicated by one of two or more alternative sequences or arrangements of
something (such as nucleotides in DNA or binary digits in a computer program) that produce specific
effects.

1.3 Information System

An information system is a combination of software, hardware, and telecommunication networks to

collect useful data, especially in an organisation. Many businesses use information technology to
complete and manage their operations, interact with their consumers, and stay ahead of their
competition. Some companies today are completely built on information technology, like eBay,
Amazon, Alibaba, and Google.

1.4 Characteristics of Valuable Information

Accurate

Information is said to be accurate when it represents all the facts pertaining to an issue. For example,
an instruction from the government that all non-national people with the exemption of those who
have a right to abode status, must secure non-citizen identity cards is accurate. It can be found in
written form, directly from the source.

Complete

Information is complete when there are no missing parts of the data. Facts and figures should be
available in their entirety. The government's communique in the first example would be incomplete if
the information about the exemption of non-national people who have a right to abode status is
omitted.

Reliability

A piece of information doesn’t contradict another piece of information in a different source or

system. Reliability is a vital data quality characteristic. When pieces of information contradict
themselves, you can’t trust the data.

Relevance

When you’re looking at data quality characteristics, relevance comes into play because there has to
be a good reason as to why you’re collecting this information in the first place.

Timeliness
Timeliness, as the name implies, refers to how up to data information is. If it was gathered in the past
hour, then its timely- unless new information has come in that renders previous information useless.

Question 2

2.1 Hardware is any element of a computer that's physical. This includes things like monitors,
keyboards, and the insides of devices, like microchips and hard drives. Software is anything that tells
hardware what to do and how to do it, including computer programs and apps on your phone. The
software must be installed in the hardware to function properly and similarly, the hardware must be
present for the tasks to be performed. Both are interdependent, yet they are also different from each
other. Hardware and software are different from each other, but they also need one another in order
to function.

2.2

2.3 Database

Database is an organized collection of structured information, or data, typically stored electronically

in a computer system. A database is usually controlled by a database management system (DBMS).

Field Application

Education Student information, courses, grades, etc.

Credit card exchange Card information, charges, etc.

Question 3

3.1 Virtual organizational structure

A virtual organizational structure is an ad hoc, a user-based organizational structure that you can
create for specific—often temporary—reporting use cases. You can use virtual organizational
structures to combine usage for users that belong to multiple organizational structures—for
example, users who are part of a functional department and a specific geographic location.

3.2 The factors of a business Information System

Data Accuracy and Integrity: Reliable and accurate data is essential for decision making and
operational efficiency. The system should ensure data integrity and prevent errors or inconsistencies.

Alignment with Business Goals: The system should be designed to support and enhance the
organizations strategic objectives, helping it achieve a competitive advantage.

Security and Privacy: Protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access, breaches, and
cyberattacks is crucial. Robust security measures and encryption are necessary components.

Scalability and Flexibility: The system should be able to handle increased workloads as the business
grows and adapt to changing requirements without requiring a complete overhaul.

Integration and Interoperability: The ability to seamlessly connect with other systems, both within
the organization and externally, ensures smooth data flow and process automation.

3.3. A competitive advantage is what sets a company apart from its competitors, in the eyes of its
consumers. These advantages allow a company to achieve and maintain superior margins, a better
growth profile, or greater loyalty among current customers. A competitive advantage is often
referred to as a “protective moat.” The purpose of having a competitive advantage is to distinguish a
company from its competitors by offering something different and of superior value to its customers.

3.3

1.Establish standards

Before you evaluate a strategy or policy, try to create a set of standards that you can use to measure
the progress and goals of the strategy. These standards are goals or milestones that you want to
reach that you can use to track a strategy's success.

2.Measure performance

Once you're ready to evaluate a policy, you can gather information about its performance. This
information can contain both quantitative and qualitative data that you can obtain through a variety
of ways, such as surveys, interviews and analytics software.

3.Analyze results

After you obtain the data about how well a strategy functioned during a set period of time, you can
compare it to the standards you've already set.

4.Make adjustments

You can make modifications to your strategy that may increase the possibility of it achieving the goals
you set. Consider brainstorming potential adjustments to the policy that can help increase its
effectiveness and create a plan for how to implement these changes.

5.Set Goals
After you finish your evaluation and make any necessary adjustments, you can set goals for the next
evaluation. Use your gathered data to make a prediction about how well the strategy may perform.
Then schedule another evaluation so that you can continually track the strategy's progress.

3.4 Network Administration

-Systems Analysts

-Computer Programmers

-Database Support Personnel

-Computer Support Specialists

-Training

-Web/Internet support Specialists

- Technical Sale and Support

-Consultants

I would choose Systems Analysts because I would help organizations become more efficient and
effective. I would also want to improve the business processes and by design computer and system
related solutions for the business to have opportunities.

3.5 Knowledge management is crucial for every organization, especially at scale. Capturing, storing
and sharing your employees' knowledge and experience increases your workforce's overall
knowledge, improves efficiency and protects your intellectual capital without siloing it. Knowledge
Management enables and encourages the sharing of ideas, collaboration and access to the latest
information. It also allows individuals to stimulate innovation and the cultural changes needed to
evolve the organization and meet changing business needs.

Clearly, enterprise knowledge management is critical in today’s digital business landscape. It creates
an environment where employees can create, learn, share, and leverage their expertise for the
common benefit of the organization.

Bibliography

Wikipedia

http://en.wikipedia.org > wiki > System, Information

https://emeritus.org/in/learn/infoemation-system/

https://quizlet.com/162065375/characteristics-of-valuable-information-flash-cards/

https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computer-science/hardware-and-software/1/

https://Brainly.in

https://www.indeed.com

University of Nevada, Reno

https://www.unr.edu/business/departments-and-disciplines/information-systems/careers

https://www.starmind.ai/resources/what-is-knowledge-management-and-why-is-it-so-important