UNIVERSITY OF GUAYAQUIL

SUBJECT

English B2

ASSIGNMENT

Fieldwork – Foreign terms used in the field of beauty.

GROUP MEMBERS

David Vargas

David Cherrez

Jessica Yánez

Tatiana Rosado

Claribel Noboa

COURSE

PIN-S-NO-5-3

PERIOD

CYCLE 1 2023-2024

MR. RODRIGO GUERRERO SEGURA

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 INSTRUCTIONS

➢ The students in groups of five, will plan the first Fieldwork which consists of
identifying the use of foreign terms in the field of Beauty.

➢ Students must investigate what are Necessary or Unnecessary foreign terms,

Adapted foreign terms, foreign terms without Adaptation, Anglicisms,
Neologisms, Barbarism, Lexical loans and Lexical copies.

➢ The students know the definition of this term, they should carry out a search
for those foreign terms that are used exclusively in the field.

➢ Investigating the definitions of the terms: Necessary or Unnecessary foreign

terms, Adapted foreign terms, foreign terms without Adaptation, Anglicisms,
Neologisms, Barbarism, Lexical loans, etc

➢ Citing the definition of these terms (Apa 7th Style)

➢ Giving examples for each definition

➢ Describing in detail how the group searched for the information, the sources
they consulted, how they analyzed the information, what criteria they followed
to select the information.

➢ Adding evidence of the group carrying out the information search (images)

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 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Necessary Foreign Terms: Several foreign words are frequently used in the beauty
industry to describe various goods, methods, ideas or processes. Although they may
differ considerably from brand to brand or country to country, these phrases are widely
used in the beauty business (Martinez & Cristina, 2017). Some examples of these
terms can be:

➢ Primer (noun) /ˈpraɪmə(r)/ /ˈpraɪmər/ a type of paint that is put on wood,

metal, etc. before it is painted to help the paint to stay on the surface. (Oxford,
2023). When used as a base before applying makeup, a cosmetic product is
referred to as a "primer" in the beauty industry. It is intended to provide a smooth
surface for applying cosmetics, lengthen its wear, and solve issues.
Example: Eye primer gives your eye makeup a nice background and it keeps
the makeup in place.

➢ Outfit (noun) /ˈaʊtfɪt/: A set of clothes that you wear together, especially for a
particular occasion or purpose. (Oxford, 2023). Example: She was wearing an
expensive new outfit.

➢ SPA (noun) (/spɑː/): (also health spa) a place where people can relax and
receive health and beauty treatments. (Oxford, 2023). Example: There is a new
superb spa, which includes sauna, Turkish bath and fitness rooms

Unnecessary Foreign Terms: A word or phrase from a foreign language that is

employed in a setting where a more widely used term or phrase from the local language
would suffice is referred to as an unnecessary foreign term. Using foreign language
expressions when the original tongue has equivalent or readily accessible terms is
referred to as this (Balteiro & Campos, 2012).

The overuse of foreign words can often be perceived as pretentious or elitist since it
can imply exclusivity or make it more difficult for people who don't speak the language
to understand you. Additionally, it may be perplexing or distracting, especially when
clear and direct communication is required. Some examples we can mention are:

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 ➢ Make-up (noun) (/ˈmeɪk ʌp/) - Maquillaje: Coloured substances used on the
skin to make yourself look more attractive or to change your appearance
(Oxford, 2023). Example: She never wears make-up.

➢ Spray (noun) (/spreɪ/) - Aerosol: Very small drops of a liquid that are sent
through the air, for example by the wind (Oxford, 2023). Because they are
simple to use and can evenly spread materials over a big area, sprays are
frequently utilized in a variety of beauty applications. Example: Please use hair
spray after shaving, all right?

Foreign Terms with adaptation: Foreign terms with adaptation are words or
phrases borrowed from other languages and then modified to suit the pronunciation,
grammar, or orthography of the borrowing language. These adaptations help
integrate the foreign terms into the borrowing language more smoothly.

(Coulmas, 2009) Here are a few examples:

➢ Boutique (noun) (/buːˈtiːk/) - (French): a small shop that sells fashionable

clothes or expensive gifts (Oxford, 2023). Adapted as "boutique" in English.
Example: "Let's meet at the boutique, I want you help me to buy a dress”.

➢ Fragrance (noun) (/ˈfreɪɡrəns/) - (French): a pleasant smell (Oxford, 2023).

Adapted as "fragrance" in English. Example: "The bath oil comes in various
fragrances”

Foreign terms without adaptation: Foreign terms without adaptation are words or
phrases borrowed from other languages and used as is, without any modification in
pronunciation, spelling, or grammar. These terms retain their original form in the
borrowing language (Mansikkaniemi & Kurimo, 2012). Here are some examples.

➢ Primer (noun) /ˈpraɪmər/ (English) a type of paint that is put on the face before
it is painted to help the make up to stay on the face. (Oxford,2023) Example:
"My grandmother gave as a birthday present the new primer of Maybelline”.

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 ➢ Skincare (noun) /ˈskɪnker/ English. the use of creams and special products to
look after your skin Example: " Eucerin and Neutrogena have the best
skincare products for women”.

Anglicisms: This term uses linguistic loans from English to other languages, that is,
to the words, turns and idioms that Spanish often takes from English, despite having
its own resources to say the same.

Anglicism is very frequently used, especially of borrowed words in the English

language, but we must be careful how we use them at the time of a conversation
because sometimes they cannot coincide in meaning as it is in English (Wilding, 2021)

➢ Nylon (noun) (/ˈnaɪlɒn/): A very strong artificial material, used for making clothes,
rope, brushes, etc (Oxford, 2023). E.g., Those nylon stockings are very
extravagant.

➢ Tattoo (noun) (/tæˈtuː/): A picture or design that is marked permanently on a

person’s skin by making small holes in the skin with a needle and filling them with
coloured ink (Oxford, 2023). E.g., She has a tattoo of a tiger on her shoulder.

➢ Peeling (noun) (/ˈpilɪŋ/): Loss of bits of outer skin by peeling or shedding or

coming off in scales (Vocabulary.com, 2023). E.g., I went to a beauty clinic to get a
peeling.

Neologisms: These are new words, expressions, twists or meanings, which are
already accepted by the Royal Spanish Academy, generally, they come from a foreign
language and when entering another language, they undergo changes in their writing.

“Neologism is a term to refer to a group of words that come from a foreign language
that have undergone changes in their writing for a better adaptation in the Spanish
language” (Muñoz Rincón, 2018).

➢ Shampoo (noun) (/ʃæmˈpuː/) – Champú: A liquid soap that is used for washing
your hair; a similar liquid used for cleaning carpets, furniture covers or a car (Oxford,
2023). E.g., Please pass me the champu.

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➢ Barber (noun) (/ˈbɑːrbər/) – barbero: A person whose job is to cut men’s hair and
sometimes to shave them (Oxford, 2023). E.g., We went to the barbero for a haircut
change.

➢ Sexy (adjective) (/ˈseksi/) – sexi: A person sexually attractive (Oxford, 2023).

E.g., That dress makes you look sexi.

Barbarism: Barbarism refers to the direct adoption of a word or expression from one
language into another without any adaptation or modification to fit the phonological,
morphological, or syntactic patterns of the first language. As a result, the borrowed
word may stand out as foreign or "barbaric" within the borrowing language. Barbarisms
are often used in specialized contexts or for technical terms where there may not be
an equivalent word in the first language.

“Broadly defined”, says Richard Nordquist (Norquist, 2020), “barbarism refers to

incorrect use of language. More specifically, barbarism is a word considered “improper”
because it combines elements from different languages”.

➢ Look (noun) (/lʊk/) – luk: the way somebody/something looks; the appearance of
somebody/something (Oxford, 2023). E.g., Her look is stunning.

➢ Boutique (noun) (/buːˈtiːk/) – butik: a small shop that sells fashionable clothes or
expensive gifts (Oxford, 2023). E.g., There is a new boutique open in Mall del Sol.

➢ Fashion (noun) (/ˈfæʃn/) – fashon: a popular style of clothes, hair, etc. at a

particular time or place; the state of being popular (Oxford, 2023). E.g., In the US
always celebrate the Fashion Week.

➢ Glamour (noun) (/ˈɡlæmər/) – glamúr: the attractive and exciting quality that
makes a person, a job or a place seem special, often because of wealth or status
(Oxford, 2023). E.g., There was a lot of glamour in the US Fashion Week.

➢ Shampoo (/ʃæmˈpuː/) – champú: a liquid soap that is used for washing your hair;
a similar liquid used for cleaning carpets, furniture covers or a car (Oxford, 2023).
E.g., This shampoo straightens your hair.

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Lexical Loans: Lexical loans, also known as loanwords, are words or expressions
borrowed from one language into another but are adapted to fit the phonological,
morphological, and syntactic patterns of the borrowing language. When borrowing a
word, the borrowing language may alter its pronunciation, spelling, or grammatical
structure to make it conform to its own linguistic norms. This adaptation helps integrate
the borrowed word more seamlessly into the borrowing language.

“In linguistics, borrowing (also known as lexical borrowing) is the process by which a
word from one language is adapted for use in another. The word that is borrowed is
called a borrowing, a borrowed word, or a loanword”, states Richard Nordquist
(Nordquist, 2023)

Lexical Copies: This term could refer to instances where the same or similar lexical
items (words) are repeated or duplicated within a text or discourse. For example, if a
sentence contains repeated words like "The cat chased the cat," we can consider it as
a case of lexical repetition or duplication (Majumdar, 2022).

➢ Fitness (noun) (/ˈfɪtnəs/) - The state of being physically healthy and strong
(Oxford, 2023). E.g. He is a qualified fitness instructor.
➢ Mascara (noun) (/mæˈskɑːrə/) - A type of make-up that is put on eyelashes
to make them look dark and thick (Oxford, 2023). E.g. I wiped most of the
mascara from under my eyes.
➢ Primer (noun) (/ˈpraɪmə(r)/) - A type of Paint that is put on wood, metal etc
before it is painted to help the paint to stay on the surface (Oxford, 2023). E.g.
Martin puts much primer in his face.
➢ Salon (noun) (/ˈsælɒn/) - A shop that gives customers hair or beauty
treatment or that sells expensive clothes (Oxford, 2023). E.g. She is going to
go to the salon.
➢ Manicure(noun) /ˈmænɪkjʊə(r)/ The care and treatment of a person’s hands
and nails (Oxford, 2023). E.g. The new beauty salon does manicures, facials
and pedicures.

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Semantic Copies: This term could imply instances where the meaning or semantic
content of a particular word, phrase, or sentence is reproduced or replicated elsewhere
in a text or discourse. It could be related to the concept of semantic parallelism, where
similar or synonymous ideas are expressed using different words or structures.
Semantic copies may involve the reiteration of ideas or concepts in various forms or
variations to reinforce a particular message or emphasize a point (STUDY MIND,
2023).

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 METHODOLOGY

DESCRIBING IN DETAIL HOW THE GROUP SEARCHED FOR THE

INFORMATION, THE SOURCES THEY CONSULTED, HOW THEY ANALYZED
THE INFORMATION, WHAT CRITERIA THEY FOLLOWED TO SELECT THE
INFORMATION

INTRODUCTION

The following work is part of a whole group research project and where we gave all of
our effort to give you a final work that helps you to better understand terms that are
used in the BEAUTY category and to identify what falls into different categories like
Anglicisms, Barbarisms, Lexical Loans, etcetera.

PROCEDURES 1

We divided the work so we all members could work together and by our own times
and terms until it was time to finally join all of the information into one template.

Every part of the fieldwork is more important than the previous one, we began to
investigate terms that are used in the beauty category and fill a chart where we had
to identify whether the term is used as an anglicism, used with or without adaptation,
a barbarism, etc. Once we finished fifty-two terms and identify them, we began to find
more information about what the definition of anglicism is, barbarism, etcetera so we
finally check if the information in the chart was correct.

PROCEDURES 2

We checked different sources on the internet like ThoughtCo, applications like

ChatGPT and for definitions and pronunciation we look for the information in the
Oxford Online Dictionary to cite and paraphrase information about definitions could
be difficult to find or understand. At the end of the document, you will find the final
bibliography and references we used so you can add more knowledge about some
topics or even more information about what this fieldwork is about.

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 RESULTS

EXCEL SPREADSHEET
FIELD BEAUTY
FOREIGN FOREIGN
NECESSARY UNNECESSARY
TERMS TERMS FRENCH
ITEMS FOREIGN FOREIGN ANGLICISMS NEOLOGISM BARBARISM LEXICAL COPY
WITHOUT WITH LANGUAGE
TERMS TERMS
ADAPTATION ADAPTATION
1 MAKEOVER MAKEOVER MAKEOVER
2 LOOK LOOK LOOK LUK
3 NYLON NYLON NYLON
4 SMOKING SMOKING SMOKING ESMOQUIN
5 BOUTIQUE BOUTIQUE BOUTIQUE BOUTIQUE BUTIK
6 CUTTER CUTTER CUTTER CÚTER
7 FASHION FASHION FASHION FASHON
8 MAKE-UP MAKE-UP MAKE-UP MEIK UP
9 FITNESS FITNESS FITNESS FITNES FITNESS - FITNES
10 LIFTING LIFTING LIFTING
11 MASCARA MASCARA RIMMEL MASCARA RIMEL MASCARA
12 PRIMER PRIMER PRIMER
13 COSMETICS COSMETICS COSMETICS
14 BLUSH BLUSH BLUSH BLOSH
15 BROW GEL BROW GEL
16 LINER LINER
17 LIPSTICK LIPSTICK LIPSTICK
18 TONER TONER
19 GLAMOUR GLAMOUR GLAMOUR GLAMUR GLAMOUR - GLAMUR

20 SHAMPOO SHAMPOO SHAMPOO CHAMPU CHAMPÚ SHAMPOO-CHAMPÚ

21 SKINCARE SKINCARE SKINCARE

22 SPRAY SPRAY SPRAY ESPRAY ESPRAY HAIR - HAIR SPRAY

23 STYLE STYLE STYLE

24 BARBER BARBER BARBER BARBERO BARBER - BARBERO
25 SPA SPA SPA ESPA
26 OUTFIT OUTFIT OUTFIT
27 FOOTWEAR FOOTWEAR FOOTWEAR
28 PRIMER PRIMER PRIMER PRIMER
29 BRONZER BRONZER BRONZER BRONZER
30 COSMETOLOGY COSMETOLOGY COSMETOLOGY
31 FRAGANCE FRAGANCE FRAGANCE FRAGANCIA
32 FACE MASK FACE MASK FACE MASK
33 BODY SCRUB BODY SCRUB BODY SCRUB
34 GLOW GLOW GLOW
35 GLOSS GLOSS GLOSS
36 SALOON SALOON SALOON SALÓN SALON
37 EYELASH STYLIST EYELASH STYLIST EYELASH STYLIST LASHISTA
38 MICRO-SHADING MICRO-SHADING
39 MICRO-BLADING MICRO-BLADING
40 TATOO TATOO TATU TATU
41 LOUNGE LOUNGE LOUNGE
42 PEELING PEELING PEELING PILIN PEELING
43 BRACKETS BRACKETS BRACKETS BRACKETS
44 MANICURE MANICURE MANICURA MANICURE
45 PEDICURE PEDICURE PEDICURA PEDICURE
46 ANTI-AGING ANTI-AGING ANTI-AGING ANTI-AGING
47 ANIMAL PRINT ANIMAL PRINT ANIMAL PRINT ANIMAL PRINT
48 SEXY SEXI SEXI
49 LINGERIE LINGERIE LENCERÍA
50 BOXER BOXER BOXER
51 BODY BODI BODI

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 LEARNING EXPERIENCE

What we learned was to recognize when a term is an anglicism, a barbarism, lexical

loan (loanword) and all whatever category a word can fall. At first, the experience
was kind of frustrating because we have no idea how we were going to be able to do
a work that seemed endless, but with your help we started to give shape to it. We
found interesting learning about those terms, and we did not imagine the diverse
terms we can use just in the beauty category. The group, as you can see, is formed
by women but even them were not able to recognize some words without asking or
looking about them on the internet.

Like we said before the experience varies depending on what information we shared
with the group and from one to another the information was diverse and the source
we found the information needed to be understood before giving the final text for this
document.

During our learning experience working all classmates on the project about the
definitions of Adapted foreign terms and foreign terms without adaptation, we
developed a deeper understanding of language and cultural influences.

Collaborating all classmates on this project allowed us to pool our diverse

perspectives and knowledge. We began by researching and selecting a variety of
Adapted foreign terms and foreign terms without adaptation and the other topics that
all classmates have investigated too about different languages. This process of
linguistic borrowing and its impact on the English language.

As we delved into the definitions and origins of these terms, we realized how
language serves as a gateway to understanding different cultures. We explored how
Adapted foreign terms undergo changes in pronunciation, spelling, or meaning when
incorporated into the English language. For instance, words like "boutique" from
French or "primer" from English have become common place in English, but their
original forms have undergone some adaptation to fit into the language's phonetic
and grammatical structures.

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On the other hand, we also explored foreign terms without adaptation, which remain
in their original form when borrowed into English. This aspect shed light on the
fascinating aspects of cultural exchange and the preservation of the original
language's identity. Throughout this project, working with my classmates proved to be
an enriching experience. We engaged in lively discussions through zoom, comparing
our findings and sharing anecdotes related to these terms. These interactions helped
me understand the significance of context and cultural nuances when borrowing
words from other languages.

In conclusion, our experience working with all classmates on this project about the
definitions of Adapted foreign terms and foreign terms without adaptation was
enlightening and rewarding. It deepened our appreciation for language as a vehicle
for cultural exchange and broadened our understanding of how words evolve and
transform when borrowed into different languages. This project not only enhanced
our linguistic knowledge but also fostered a greater sense of curiosity and respect for
diverse cultures and their unique expressions.

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 REFERENCES

References
Balteiro, I., & Campos, M. (2012). False anglicisms in the Spanish language of
fashion and beauty. Ibérica, Revista de la Asociación Europea de Lenguas
para Fines Específicos. [Iberica, Magazine of the European Association of
Languages for Specific Purposes]. Retrieved from
https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=287024476016
Coulmas, F. (2009). language adaptation. NY: Cambridge, University press.
Majumdar, D. (2022, September 13). Introduction to Lexical Similarity. Retrieved from
Language Technology and Data Analysis Laboratory:
https://ladal.edu.au/lexsim.html
Mansikkaniemi, A., & Kurimo, M. (2012). Adaptation of Morpheme-based Speech
Recognition for Foreign Entity Names. Arvi Tavast, Kadri Muischnek, Mare
Koit. doi:978-1-61499-133-5
Martinez, T., & Cristina. (2017, December 15). The influence of the English language
on the description of cosmetic products. Retrieved from
https://raei.ua.es/article/view/2017-n30-the-influence-of-the-english-language-
on-the-descriptio
Muñoz Rincón, D. (2018, February 18). Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana [Pontifical
Bolivarian University]. Retrieved from https://www.upb.edu.co/es/central-
blogs/ortografia/que-es-neologismo
Nordquist, R. (2023, April 5). The Definition of Borrowing Language. Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-borrowing-language-1689176
Norquist, R. (2020, August 28). Barbarism Found in Language. Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-barbarism-language-1689159
Oxford. (2023, June 10). Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.
Related Words. (2023, June). Beauty Words. Retrieved from
https://relatedwords.io/beauty
STUDY MIND. (2023, Junio 17). What is a semantic field? Retrieved from
https://studymind.co.uk/questions/what-is-a-semantic-
field/#:~:text=A%20semantic%20field%2C%20also%20known,of%20that%20t
heme%20or%20topic
Vocabulary.com. (2023, June 19). Vocabulary.com Dictionary. Retrieved from
https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/peeling
Wilding, A. (2021, August 05). BRITISH COUNCIL. Retrieved from
https://www.britishcouncil.es/blog/anglicismos-en-espanol

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 APPENDIX 1

EVIDENCE OF GROUPWORK

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