Professional Documents
Culture Documents
H
UNIVERSAL SYMBOL
FOR HOSPITALS DURING
TIMES OF PEACE
+ UNIVERSAL SYMBOL
FOR HOSPITALS DURING
TIMES OF CONFLICT
• DEFINITION OF HOSPITAL
• TYPE OF HOSPITALS
• THE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PROGRAMME
• THE DISTRICT HOSPITAL
• PLANNING A DISTRICT HOSPITAL
TOPICS • LOCATION & SITE SELECTION
• MASTER PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
• MASTERPLAN CONSIDERATIONS
• BUILDING SHAPE
• DEPARTMENTAL PLANNING
Merriam-Webster DIctionary
• ACCORDING TO OWNERSHIP
TYPES OF HOSPITALS • ACCORDING TO SCOPE OF SERVICES
• ACCORDING TO FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY
• GOVERNMENT
TYPES OF HOSPITALS • PRIVATE
• GOVERNMENT
• The hospital is created by law.
• A government health facility may be
TYPES OF HOSPITALS under the National Government, DOH,
Local Government Unit (LGU),
(by Ownership) Department of Justice (DOJ), State
Universities and Colleges (SUCs),
Government-owned and controlled
corporations (GOCC) and others
Philippine General
Hospital
-Government
• PRIVATE
• Owned, established, and operated
TYPES OF HOSPITALS with funds from donation, principal,
investment, or other means by any
(by Ownership) individual, corporation, association, or
organization
• GENERAL
• A hospital that provides services for all
kinds of illnesses, diseases, injuries or
deformities
• It provides medical and surgical care
TYPES OF HOSPITALS to the sick and injured, maternity,
newborn and child care
(by Scope of Services) • It shall be equipped with the service
capabilities needed to support board
certified/ eligible medical specialists
and other licensed physicians
rendering services in:
• GENERAL
• Not limited to the following:
• Clinical Services (Family
Medicine, Pediatrics, Internal
Medicine, Obstetrics and
TYPES OF HOSPITALS Gynecology, Surgery)
• Emergency Services
(by Scope of Services) • Outpatient Services
• Ancillary and Support Services
(Clinical Laboratory, Imaging
Facility, Pharmacy)
Chinese General
Hospital and Medical
Center
-General
• SPECIALTY
• Specializes in a particular disease or
condition or in one type of patient
• A specialized hospital may be devoted
to the treatment of the following:
• Treatment of a particular type of
illness or for a particular
TYPES OF HOSPITALS condition requiring a range of
treatment
(by Scope of Services) • Treatment of patients suffering
from a particular diseases of a
particular organ or group of
organs
• Treatment of patients belonging
to a group such as children,
Based on DOH (2015) Administrative Order 2012-0012. Rules and
Regulations Governing the New Classification of Hospitals and Other
women, elderly or others
Health Facilities in the Philippines. Department of Health Philippines
Philippine Heart
Center of Asia
-Specialty
TYPES OF HOSPITALS •
provisions for sterilization of equipment and supplies in
accordance with:
DOH Reference Plan in the Planning and Design of an
(by Functional •
Operating Room or Theater
DOH Guidelines on Cleaning, Disinfection, and
Sterilization of Reusable Medical Devices in Hospital
Capacity) •
Facilities in the Philippines
A post-operative Recovery Room
• Maternity Facilities consisting of Ward(s), Room(s), a
Delivery Room, exclusively for maternity patients and
newborns
(by Functional •
services of a consulting pathologist
A DOH licensed Level 1 imaging facility with the services
of a consulting radiologist
Capacity) • A DOH licensed pharmacy
Capacity) •
•
Provision for Respiratory Therapy Services
A DOH licensed tertiary clinical laboratory
• A DOH licensed level 2 imaging facility with mobile X-ray
inside the institution and with capability for contrast
examinations
(by Functional •
•
Provision for dialysis facility
Provision for blood bank
• A DOH licensed level 3 imaging facility with
Capacity) interventional radiology
• SPECIALTY HOSPITAL
TYPES OF HOSPITALS • As described above
(by Functional
Capacity)
Philippine Orthopedic
Center
-Trauma
• TRAUMA HOSPITAL
• The trauma capability of hospitals shall be assessed in
accordance with the guidelines formulated by the
Philippine College of Surgeons
(by Functional within the trauma service area which receives trauma
patients for transport to the point of care or a trauma
center
Capacity)
•
TYPES OF HOSPITALS •
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
(by Service Capability) • TERTIARY
• TEACHING OR TRAINING
TYPES OF HOSPITALS • FRONTLINE HOSPITAL
• OUTPATIENT HOSPITAL
(by Operation)
• TEACHING OR TRAINING
TYPES OF HOSPITALS • Departmentalized hospital with accredited
Residency Training Program in a specified
(by Operation) specialty or discipline
UST Hospital
-Teaching
• FRONTLINE HOSPITAL
• The farthest outpost for organized
healthcare to which the sick were
expected to come
• The forefront of health care delivery
TYPES OF HOSPITALS • Typically rural hospitals
(by Operation) • Make-shift hospitals during times of
calamity
• Centre for outreach and primary
health care serving community health
needs within its catchment area
• OUTPATIENT HOSPITAL
• A type of hospital without overnight
patients, loosely called clinics
• Generally less expensive to build and
operate compared to a bedded
TYPES OF HOSPITALS hospital
• Can range from simply Physicians’
(by Operation) Offices providing primary health care
to large, independent “hospitals
without beds” to community-level
outpatient clinics that are satellites of
larger medical centers or systems
American Outpatient
Clinic
-Outpatient
•
TYPES OF HOSPITALS •
SMALL : less than 100 beds
MEDIUM: 100 to 300(up to 500) beds
(by Bed Strength) • LARGE: more than 500 beds
Services of a
District Hospital
Services of a
District Hospital
Computations:
Computations:
Location of the
Hospital
One of the most effective ways of determining
the location of a new facility is to use a base
map of the district and vicinity, on which one
can enter, translate and compare data, facts
and information
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO<
1998)
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Location of the
Hospital
Location of the
Hospital
(1) It should be within 15-30 min travelling time. In a district with good
roads and adequate means of transport, this would mean a service
zone with a radius of about 25 km.
Site Selection
CRITERIA SIZE OF THE SITE
The site must be large enough for all the
planned functional requirements to be met
and for any expansion envisioned within the
coming ten years (Fig. 5). Recommended
standards vary from 1.25 to 4 ha per 100
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District
beds; the following minimum requirements
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO< have been proposed:
1998)
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DRAINAGE
Site Selection The terrain must allow for easy movement of water away from the
site. A high point in the community is ideal. If this is not available and
the site is at a low point or in a depression, the following must be
CRITERIA checked:
• how the surrounding natural terrain and
waterways can be used to move water away from
the site;
• whether the type of soil allows rapid absorption and
disposal of water;
• the use of other technical means of ensuring
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District drainage such as the building on a podium or on
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO< stilts, or digging temporary reservoirs
1998)
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SOIL CONDITIONS
Site Selection • Waterlogged areas, swamps and former rice fields
should be avoided
CRITERIA • Check the bearing capacity of the soil. As foundation
requirements vary greatly with the form of construction and the
building materials used, the subsurface soil and water conditions
must be determined
• Scrap unstable top layers, if necessary, and fill
with well compacted, suitable materials, like
clean coarse sand
• Seek engineering advice before finalizing the depth and size of the
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District foundations, which should be designed to suit the site conditions
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO<
1998)
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UTILITIES
• Electrical, water and communication lines
should be available. If not, generators, deep
Site Selection wells and water pumps must be provided
and radio communication lines established
CRITERIA • Health care facilities are quite ineffective if
all-weather roads, water supplies and a
reliable electrical supply are not available at
the site.
Site Selection
NATURAL FEATURES
CRITERIA • Building design should respond as much as
possible to the site, so that the structure is in context with
the environment:
• a waterway that bisects a site also generally bisects the building
form; this might call for an innovative design solution
• The presence of a large pond on a site diminishes its area and
coverage and might call for a multi-storey solution on a site
• Solutions can be numerous, involving creativity and innovation, but
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District they should be based on two overriding considerations: (i) that the
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO< design respects and follows the laws of nature; and (ii) that the
1998) limitations imposed by the natural features do not detract from the
functional performance or cost-effectiveness of the facility.
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• The Title
• The Survey Plan
• The Topographic Survey
• The Slope Map
• THE SITE SURVEY
• Definitions of property line
• Dimensions and locations of any buildings, structures,
easements, rights-of-way or encroachments on the site;
• All existing utility services, including their size and
• OPERATIONAL FUNCTIONS
• Aims and objectives of the services to be provided
• Patients and types
• Types of illnesses to be treated
• (Activities involved
• Minor operational functions
• (Other functions contemplated (e.g., teaching,
research)
• People involved (e.g., patients, staff, researchers,
students, outside faculty members)
ORIENTATION
Master Physical
Development • It has been found that orientating buildings
along an east-west axis, giving the longer
SITE UTILIZATION sides of the building northern and southern
exposures, is the most desirable.
• In areas where the major climatic problem is
humidity rather than heat, buildings should
be sited at a slight angle, either towards the
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District east or the west, depending on the direction
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO<
1998) of the prevailing wind.
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ORIENTATION
SLOPE STUDY
Master Physical
Development • On sites with steep slopes, the best areas
SITE UTILIZATION for building must be found.
• As a rule, slopes of 0-10% are desirable and
easy to build on ;
• slopes greater than these require either
massive cuts or massive fill or a
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District
combination of the two.
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO,
1998)
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Master Physical
• The physical features of the land should govern the
Development building shape
• Create microclimates by landscaping, paving,
SITE UTILIZATION planting trees and shrubs creating sunny and shady
areas
• Dense vegetation controls hot and dusty winds,
while increasing humidity lowering the heat index
• Trees and bushes can deflect or divert wind
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District • Waterways and water channels reduce
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO, temperature, large grassy areas reduce glare
1998)
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EXTERNAL ROUTES
INTERNAL ROUTES
INTERNAL ROUTES
Master Physical
Development
CIRCULATION
INTERNAL ROUTES
Master Physical
Development
CIRCULATION
INTERNAL ROUTES
Master Physical
Development
CIRCULATION
Development and become obsolete and even irrelevant over the years.
• Changing standards and codes. Regulations for health and safety
• change to meet advances in construction techniques and materials.
GROWTH & CHANGE A building may be declared unsafe and unfit for human use if it is
not updated, upgraded and properly maintained.
• Changing methods in medicine. Development of new equipment,
miniaturization, computerization and other new technologies in the
medical field translate into new requirements for architectural
design to provide better and more modern clinical services.
Master Physical
Development
GROWTH & CHANGE
Master Physical
Development
GROWTH & CHANGE
Master Physical
Development
GROWTH & CHANGE
INCREMENTS OF GROWTH
Master Physical
Development
GROWTH & CHANGE It is most advisable to expand not in spurts with needs but by
deliberate increments, thus:
• by number of beds, but in terms of ward units with
their complementary manpower and supporting services
(Fig. 33a);
• by functional units, in the case of a new hospital
department (Fig. 33b );
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District • by specialist rooms and their supporting units and
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO< services (Fig. 33c).
1998)
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ENERGY CONSERVATION
GENERALLY ADDRESSED BY TWO APPROACHES:
• PRACTICAL LOW-KEY TECHNOLOGY
• APPLICATION OF SUSTAINABLE
BUILDING DESIGN APPROACHES THAT
RELY ON THE VERNACULAR LANGUAGE
PREVALENT IN THE LOCALE
• THE USE OF THE NATURAL FETAURES OF
Master Physical THE SITE TO MINIMIZE ENERGY
CONSUMPTION AND OPERATIONAL
Development CARBON FOOTPRINT OF THE FACILITY
• USE OF LOCALLY-AVAILABLE MATERIALS
FOR CONSTRUCTION
• SOPHISTICATED HIGH-LEVEL TECHNOLOGY
• RELIANCD ON HIGH-TECH SOLUTIONS
TO MINIMIZE ENERGY CONSUMPTION
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District AND TO AUTOMIZE CERTAIN ASPECTS
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO< OF OPERATION
1998)
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ENERGY CONSERVATION
ENERGY CONSERVATION
BUILDING DESIGN
• MAXIMIZE USE OF OPEN, OPERABLE WINDOWS
BOTH FOR LIGHTING AND VENTILATION
• AIRCONDITIIONING IS ONLY NECESSARY IN
CERTAIN AREAS SUCH AS THE OPERATING
Master Physical THEATERES, ICU’S AND X-RAY FACILITIES
• HIGH-ENERGY BUILDINGS REQUIRE MORE SOPHISTICATED
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
• ZONES
• OUTER ZONE – accessible to the public, emergency
service, outpatient service, administrative service
• SECOND ZONE- receive from the outer zone,
laboratory, pharmacy, radiology (ancillary and support
services), located near outer zone
• INNER ZONE- nursing care and management of
MASTERPLANNING patients, private areas accessible to guests
• DEEEP ZONE- areas requiring asepsis, surgical service,
nursery, ICU segregated from the public areas but accessible
to the first three zones
• SERVICE ZONE- provides support to hospital activities,
dietary service, housekeeeping, maintenance, motorpool,
and mortuary, located away from normal traffic
MASTERPLANNING • (1) Departments that are most closely linked to the community
should be closest to the main entrance: out-patient department,
emergency, administration (especially business sections), family
planning clinic and other primary health care support.
• (2) Departments that receive their workload from those described
above should be next closest to the entrance: X-ray, laboratories,
dispensary.
• (3) In-patient departments should be in the interior zones, or
wards.
• (4) Operating theatres, the delivery department and the nursery
should have (1) and (2) on one side and (3) on the other, e.g., to
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District provide easy access from the emergency and accident departments
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO< to X-ray and operating theatres. The delivery department and
1998) nursery must be separated from the operating theatre.
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BASIC SHAPES
BUILDING SHAPE
BASIC SHAPES
BUILDING SHAPE
BASIC SHAPES
BUILDING SHAPE
BASIC SHAPES
BUILDING SHAPE
DEPARTMENTAL
PLANNING & DESIGN
PERIPHERAL FACILITIES
PERIPHERAL FACILITIES
• FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN PLACING
PERIPHERAL FACILITIES AROUND THE
NUCLEUS:
• Building must have an obvious
connection at least some part of the
nucleus
• A function likely to cause air pollution
DEPARTMENTAL (smoke, smell) must be placed at the
leeward side of the nucleus
PLANNING & DESIGN • Most buildings particularly the garage
and store will require vehicular access
• Staff housing should be placed at the
most attractive part of the side to for
peace and quiet and away from the
wards
• All peripheral facilities shall never be
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District placed in such a way that will restrict
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO<
1998) the future expansion of the nucleus
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DEPARTMENTAL
PLANNING & DESIGN
SCHEMATICS
DEPARTMENTAL
PLANNING & DESIGN
SCHEMATICS
• Most flexible in terms of construction and
planning
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District • Most exposed to the elements in terms of
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO<
1998)
circulation
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DEPARTMENTAL
PLANNING & DESIGN
SCHEMATICS
• Usually taking the form of a number of
block each housing a specific function,
oriented along a circulation spine
• Combines many of the advantages of the
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO< pavilllion-type with a more efficient
1998) circulation system
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DEPARTMENTAL
PLANNING & DESIGN
SCHEMATICS
• Inhibits opportunity for cross-ventilation
• May lead to wind-tunelling and dust
• Not suitable for sloping sites
• Most econonomical because of modularity,
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO< with expansion easier to execute
1998)
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DEPARTMENTAL
PLANNING & DESIGN
SCHEMATICS
• Consists of separate rectangular blocks
positioned in a such a way to a
chequerboard of block and open spaces
with circulation along the lines of the grid
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO< • Most attractive of the types suitable to a
1998) large range of climate types
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DEPARTMENTAL
PLANNING & DESIGN
SCHEMATICS
• Main disadvantage is it is an inflexible
growth and change only by the addition of
more blocks/ grids
• The circulation routes tend to be extensive,
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District circling upon itself in most cases
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO<
1998)
• Present construction difficulties with blocks
requiring single-spans acrosss buildings
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ZONES
Outermost zone, which is the most community-oriented
• primary health care support areas
• out-patient department
• emergency department
• Administration
• admitting office, reception
Second zone, which receives workload from (1)
• diagnostic X-ray
• laboratories
• Pharmacy
DEPARTMENTAL
PLANNING & DESIGN
DEPARTMENTAL
PLANNING & DESIGN
OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENTAL
PLANNING & DESIGN
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENTAL
PLANNING & DESIGN
ADMINISTRATIVE BLOCK
DEPARTMENTAL
PLANNING & DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS:
• The diagnostic imaging area should be on the Ground
Floor of the hospital, with easy covered access to
wheelchairs, patient trolleys and beds
• Location should be close to the emergency section of the
outpatient if possible, but easy access to ALL patients
should be the first consideration
DEPARTMENTAL • One x-ray room and one dark room can handle 40-50
patients per day; because of equipment costs it is better
PLANNING & DESIGN to increase staff and lengthen working days than adding
additional rooms and equipment
• A 150-bed hospital usually can manage with one x-ray
room
• One dark room is sufficient for two x-ray rooms
• If the hospital increases in size, it is preferred to x-ray
rooms in the same area
LABORATORY SERVICES
LABORATORY SERVICES
RULES OF THUMB
• Allocate 6 SQM of floor area for each laboratory staff,
administrative or technical
• This does not include corridors, stairs, toilets, stores or
wall space, for which an additional 30-50% of space
should be provided, depending on the size and type of
equipment.
LABORATORY SERVICES
COLOR-CODING OF UTILITIES
• Doors should be located in places where entry and exit
PHARMACY
• The pharmacist is responsible for the purchase, storage
and dispensing of all drugs and of bulk pharmaceutical
preparations, disinfectants and sterile solutions.
(1) The pharmacy must be located so that it is:
• accessible to the out-patient department,
• convenient for dispensing, and
• accessible to the central delivery yard.
(2) Traffic within the department must be economical and
flexible.
DEPARTMENTAL (3) Its size is determined by its organization and operational
policies.
PLANNING & DESIGN (4) Provision for security of dangerous drugs must be
ensured.
(5) Provision for control of fire must be ensured, as many
inflammable substances are stored there. Bulk quantities
should not be held in the pharmacy but should be drawn
from a remotely located store for dangerous goods.
(6) Finishes must be impervious to acid and alkali and easy
to clean.
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District (7) The corridors must allow easy turning of wheeled
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO< vehicles.
1998)
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BLOOD BANK
• Blood should be supplied from a blood transfusion
centre (national or regional) after appropriate testing.
• If this is not possible, the blood-bank system may be
based on blood obtained from previously screened local
donors.
• A third approach in which donors are recruited locally
when the need arises ("the working blood bank") is the
least desirable alternative.
• The promotion of donor recruitment is a community
task to be organized through the district health council.
DEPARTMENTAL
STERILIZATION
PLANNING & DESIGN • While major hospitals regard a central sterile -supply
department as essential, it may be easy to organize a
separate sterilization unit in a small hospital.
• However, it is essential to ensure that all instruments,
dressings, and equipment that come into contact with
patients' tissues are sterile.
• It is also necessary to ensure that, after use,
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District contaminated utensils are rendered safe for handling.
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO<
1998)
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OPERATING THEATRE
DEPARTMENTAL
•
PLANNING & DESIGN The essential physical requirements for meeting these
conditions are:
• a place in which to work that is comfortable and
unobstructed by the movement of other staff,
• with a table is strong enough to hold the patient
and easy to clean;
• basic services of water, light and medical gases;
and
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District • two sets of basic instruments, comprising about
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO< 50 pieces each.
1998)
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OPERATING THEATRE
•
As a general rule, one operating theatre is required for
every 50 general inpatient beds and for every 25
DEPARTMENTAL surgical beds.
• The preferred location is on the same floor as the
PLANNING & DESIGN surgical wards, which may be the ground floor. It should
be connected to the surgical ward by the simplest
possible route, It should also:
• adjoin the central sterile supply department;
• be easily accessible from the accident and
emergency department;
• be easily accessible for the delivery suite;
• adjoin the intensive care unit;
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District • be located in a cul-de-sac, so that entry and exit
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO<
1998)
can be controlled; there should be no through-
traffic
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OPERATING THEATRE
DEPARTMENTAL
PLANNING & DESIGN
OPERATING THEATRE
ROOM PLANNING REQUIREMENTS
(a) Reception and office - In a two- or three-theatre suite,
the reception and the theatre sister's office can be
merged.
(b) Transfer area- This area should be large enough to allow
for the transfer of a patient from a bed to a trolley. A line
should be clearly marked in red on the floor, beyond which
no person from outside the operating department should be
permitted to set foot without obtaining authority and
putting on protective clothing.
DEPARTMENTAL (c) Holding bay - This space is required when the corridor
system is used and should be located to allow supervision of
PLANNING & DESIGN patients waiting to go into the theatre. One bed per two
theatres should be foreseen.
(d) Staff changing rooms - Access to staff changing rooms
should be made from the entry side of the transfer area. At
both the transfer area and the theatre side of the changing
rooms, space must be provided for the storage, putting on
and removal of theatre shoes.
(e) Operating theatres - Each theatre should be no less than
6 x 6 m (36 m2) in area and should have access from the 1
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District
anaesthetic room, scrub-up room and supply room.
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO<
1998) Separate exit doors should be provided.
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DEPARTMENTAL
PLANNING & DESIGN
• The number of beds in this unit should correspond to
approximately 1-2% of the total beds in the hospital. In
the Western Pacific Region, where district hospitals
provide on average 50-100 beds, this would mean only
one or two beds.
• This number would not warrant the provision of an
intensive care unit. Such a unit should contain no fewer
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District than six beds in order to justify the highly sophisticated
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO< equipment and highly specialized manpower involved.
1998)
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PLANNING & DESIGN violates the basic requirements for aseptic conditions in
the operating department, as these are not always
required in the delivery department.
• The two departments should thus at least be
segregated. Proximity to the operating department is
desirable, however, as transfer of delivery patients may
be necessary.
PEDIATRICS
GERIATRIC SERVICES
• The older population of any community is usually best
cared for in community-based facilities where their
special needs and requirements are provided for in
sensitive and Fig. 62. Rooming-in caring designs that
allow them to lead independent and dignified lives for
as long as possible. However, because older persons are
also prone to conditions that cannot be attended to
except in the environment of a hospital, a geriatrics
ward may be provided within a general hospital if
economics would so warrant. If this is not possible, older
DEPARTMENTAL people may also be nursed in the regular medical or
surgical wards, depending on their illness.
•
PLANNING & DESIGN As such, a geriatric ward, if provided in a hospital,
should be designed for longer than usual confinement.
Therefore, spaces should be home-like, cheerful, and
non-institutional. Apart from the regular institutional
spaces, social spaces such as day rooms must be
provided so that the older person can be encouraged to
walk about in the process of recovery from the illness.
Family spaces must be provided so that the older
person may be aided in regaining both his physiological
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District and psychological well-being leading to return to the
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO< community.
1998)
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PLANNING & DESIGN • The wards in a hospital are usually classified according
to specialties: medicine, paediatrics, obstetrics-
gynaecology and surgery, which are the basic services
offered by a district hospital. There are no radical
differences between the requirements of medical and
surgical wards and only minor differences between
those of the other specialties.
DEPARTMENTAL
PLANNING & DESIGN
DEPARTMENTAL
PLANNING & DESIGN
DEPARTMENTAL
PLANNING & DESIGN
DEPARTMENTAL
PLANNING & DESIGN
HOUSEKEEEPING
• Housekeeepers’ Office should be located on the lowest
floor, adjacent to the linen room
• Central Linen Room supplies the whole hospital, must
have shelves and spaces for sewing, mending, and
DEPARTMENTAL marking new linen, locate at the “clean end” of the
laundry room
PLANNING & DESIGN • Soiled linen area for sorting and checking all soiled
laundry, must be located at the “dirty end” of the
laundry area with sorting bins
• Laundry can be in-house or contracted to an outside
service, if in-house proper washing and drying
equipment must be installed, if contracted-out provide
area for receiving clean and dispatching dirty linen for
sorting
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO<
1998)
Downloaded by AMPO-AN, RUZEL C. (ampo-an.ruzel@nwssu.edu.ph)
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DEPARTMENTAL (b) Fuel storage - The space will vary according to the fuel
used. The designer must know for how many days stock
must be kept.
PLANNING & DESIGN (c) Groundkeeper's toolroom - Space must be provided for
working and for the storage of equipment and tools for the
staff in charge of landscaping and general upkeep of the
garden and grounds.
(d) Garage - The garage is best located in a shed or building
separated from the hospital itself. If the hospital is to
maintain 24-hour ambulance service, additional facilities
must be provided for drivers' sleeping quarters.
From the World Health Organization Western Pacific Series District
Health Facilities Guidelines for Development & Operations (WHO<
1998)
Downloaded by AMPO-AN, RUZEL C. (ampo-an.ruzel@nwssu.edu.ph)
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MORTUARY
The mortuary has the following functions:
• to hold dead bodies until burial can be arranged;
• to provide a place where a pathologist can
investigate causes of death and make scientific
DEPARTMENTAL investigations
• to allow viewing and identification of bodies by
MORTUARY
• The following areas are needed:
• covered access
• body store
SITE SELECTION
RECOMMENDED
PLANNING & DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS
BUILDING FOEM
RECOMMENDED
PLANNING & DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS
BUILDING FORM
RECOMMENDED
PLANNING & DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS
RECOMMENDED
PLANNING & DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS
INCREMENTS OF GROWTH
INCREMENTS OF GROWTH