to everyone present over here hope you

all are doing good

and staying safe greetings from the team

petroleum engineers association

i am niharika from team pa welcome to

this live webinar on overview of mbd

well designed by mr nitin kulkarni

drilling engineer with special

specialization in mpd and uvt techniques

thank you for joining in this workshop

now without wasting any further time i

would like sir nathan

kearney's to start this introductory

session thank you

to you yeah thank you uh niharika thank

you

uh nikhil uh am i audible are you able

to hear me

yes perfect sir okay good so uh

thank you very much for organizing this

webinar and uh have a

you know greetings to all the

participants uh thank you for

uh joining uh this session uh just to

give you a quick background

uh of me uh basically i used to work as

an mpd engineer before

uh with leather power and then briefly

with slumberger

and then later on i joined oil companies

where we were actually

uh deciding on whether we can use mpd on

certain wells

so initially we were from the server i

was in the service side and actually in

the oil side where we could utilize this

technology

so that way i had an opportunity to see

both sides of the

be on both sides of the table where one

is when when you propose

to use this technology to drill a

particular section of the well and then

you also are on the other side where you

get the feedback and you discuss with

the management you make a proposal to

uh basically get the approval to see if

the management is interested

or and is going to approve this the

geoscience team the

completions team everybody in the oil

company needs to

agree before we can go ahead this

involves a certain modification to the

conventional method now uh

today's webinar is an overview of well

designed so we focus

on the well design aspect you know

assuming that we are going to drill

a well a particular section of the well

using mpd uh we will uh basically

what we will we will review certain

aspects of what changes we need to do

in the in the particular web design so

certain changes are to be incorporated

and as uh this is usually uh

important when you are uh in the

beginning phase

but if you as you move along and as you

uh as you develop uh

this technology for your field for your

living operations then these things

become part of the routine procedure

but this is particularly important when

you are doing it for the first time when

you are doing it in the very initial

phase

and as i said you know if you are doing

multiple wells then on the second well

third well fourth well

you know this becomes these are these

all become routine procedures and

everybody becomes familiar

uh with the process so today's webinar

uh the agenda is uh agenda is basically

we will

have a quick introduction of managed

pressure drilling we will review the

difference between conventional drilling

management ship ruling and

basically you under balance drilling

because these two technologies are

sometimes confused with each other

earlier there was enterprise drilling

then the evolution of

ubd was mpd however the application has

there is a difference in the application

so we will discuss that

we will also talk about welfare pressure

so the topic is managed pressure

drilling now what pressures are we

trying to manage

what we can manage what we cannot manage

these are the points that we will

discuss

and we'll talk about variants of mpd we

will talk about

the hydraulics of mpd uh procedures uh

that are associated with mpd and we will

uh conclude with uh

uh the dynamic well control procedure so

sometimes for those who have been

involved in the operations they might

be familiar with the fact that mpd

as a tool can definitely enhance your

wealth control capabilities so

what it does exactly is what we will

discuss in this
last part where where we draw the line

because

conventional control is still uh what

needs to be you know kept in mind and

this is something that needs to be used

you know in the in the event of well

control but mpd does enhance computing

can definitely aid

in certain situations and this is

exactly what we will see there are

different tools that have been formed

we will review those so let's get

started

uh iadc has given definition most of us

would know this but for those who are

relatively new to the topic

iadc has given a

definition for mpd which says that it is

an annular

you know it's an adaptation process used

to precisely control the annular

pressure profile

the objective is to a certain downward

pressure environment limits and manage

hydraulic pressure

profile accordingly so the objective of

mpd is to avoid

any influx from formation fluid into

wellbore and

surface but however if you get any

influx

this will be contained and

through an appropriate process and the

process is nothing but managed pressure

drilling process

so this is basically a definition and

purpose of mpd clearly defining what we

do with mpd

in under balance delay is different

so mpd

how is it different from conventional

drilling you see here uh

this is a simple equation for bottom

hole circulating pressure

uh bhcp so bhcp is a function of

hydrostatic pressure and friction

pressure

and we will discuss all this in our in

our course as we go along

but for those who are already familiar

with drilling operation they would know

that hydrostatic pressure is the static

pressure

in the wellbore and friction pressure is

uh is the pressure

that is due to your pumps as you start

circulating you get additional pressure

uh in the system and that is called as

friction pressure but

uh so in conventional drilling you only

have two uh

options uh basically to change the pump

speed

or to basically uh adjust the mud weight

in the well in order to change the

volume circulating pressure and both the

options

are especially changing the mud weight

in the hole is not an easy option

this can take some time but what mpd

does is it provides an additional

function

which is a surface pressure now in this

case

you can change the waterfall circulating

pressure if required by adjusting the

surface pressure

and by keeping the other two pretty much

the same or

you also have the option to adjust those

pressures so

by by introducing this addition function

you can uh

manage the pressure profile in a more

precise way

now here is this plot that shows a

fundamental difference between

conventional drilling managed pressure

drilling and the balance drilling now

you see here in conventional filling you

have

your red the red dotted line here on the

extreme left

basically shows your static pressure in

the well and

the the bold line the dark line uh

shows the dynamic pressure so as as you

increase as you start circulating you

shift from static to dynamic and you

know here

you see that there is a risk of

exceeding your fractured pressure

if you exceed your fracture pressure

while you are drilling you might induce

losses

and that losses can lead to a kick so

this is a typical

uh issue with a certain conventional

drilling

appli you know situation scenarios where

you have a narrow

uh operating window narrow margin

between four percent fracture gradient

now what mpd does is uh you know you can

plan your in such situations you can

plan your static mud weight

at your pore pressure as you can see

here in the second plot with the green

occur and when you apply a surface back

pressure

you will see that there is a

there you are well within your margins

and as we go along we will see how this

happens how this works

and now let's talk about under balanced

drilling uh just for the purpose of

comparison now you see in

the balanced drilling the blue line on

the extreme right side you will see that

the static

uh pressure is way below your pore

pressure now

this this gives you a very good idea

about when you plan

uh to drill a well in a particular way

how you plan your mud system and this is

pretty much

the job of a drilling engineer to decide

what is going to be your

density in a particular well and he does

it

based on certain calculations and by

referring to the pore pressure and

factor gradient

uh data so uh basically

the difference between ubid and mpd is

that uvd where we have hydrostatic

pressure is
you know designed intentionally to be

lower than uh

your formation pressure whereas in mpd

your hydrostatic pressure or willing

fluid is designed to be

at balance or marginally over balance in

most cases it is marginally over

balanced

because to know exactly what the port

pressure is at any given point is not

not very easy so based on the estimation

you usually plan

on the slight margin in conventional

drilling you definitely have a higher

margin

in order to ensure that you don't get

any well control

or you don't get any influx of formation

so the objectives of uh mpd and upd are

different

mpd is mainly for optimizing drilling to

uh information that are not reliable uh

whereas

ubd you drill under balance uh in a way

that you actually produce while you're

drilling so you do reservoir

characterization and you ensure that

there is no formation damage produced

while you're drilling

in in a way that you get the formation

fluid to surface you separate them you

do analysis

while you're drilling and you get an

idea about the productivity of the well

while you're drilling

even before you run the completion

so well more pressures let's talk about

wellbore pressures uh

what pressures are we trying to manage

here now the commonly known pressures

that we

have here are basically your pore

pressure your fracture pressure and your

collapse pressure

there's also uh one more uh pressure uh

which is

your uh overburden gradient but uh that

is

uh your maximum uh you know uh basically

uh stress vertical stress in the

in the well board but uh these are the

three main pressures and you can see in

this plot here

uh they are represented in your

pressure profile this is also called as

drilling window now these are the

pressures that we cannot manage

they you can only determine them using

calculations
but you cannot manage these pressures

and they are given to us

there is uncertainty associated with

these pressures as you can see

when you do some estimations you will

notice that

you have three values of pore pressure

you have three values of actual gradient

so this is a challenge that uh usually

as petroleum engineers that will

engineers we are faced with to determine

which would be the

the the correct one

uh and now what there are the other

pressures that we have

uh in the wellbore are the hydrostatic

pressure and the friction pressure that

we just spoke about

and we can manage these pressures we can

control these pressures in the wellbore

by either changing the

density or by changing the pump speed uh

the circulation rate so the more

and of course the other properties of

your drilling fluid and we will see this

in more details as we go along

so what is the drilling window i mean we

hear this term drilling window the link

window is essentially nothing but uh

your uh

difference between uh formation pressure

and fracture gradient as you can see

here

on your uh this curve here uh

this curve here at the bottom is your is

a representation of your formation

pressure

this one here is your fracture gradient

and

you know here in this example uh the

drilling window is large it's considered

to be large

so when you have a large drilling window

if you have pressure cycles in your well

uh you will still be within the within

the drilling window

uh now uh what happens

if you have uh

if you have a smaller drilling window so

let me just go to the next slide

so if you have a smaller drilling window

uh so now here in this scenario you will

see that when the pumps are off

you lose your friction pressure and in

the well you only have hydrostatic

pressure

so in that case uh your pressure goes

down but

since you have a large window you are

still within that window

and you are not uh you know going your

pressure is not below your formation

pressure

so what if we have a small operating

window

like this and this typically you would

see in deep water

environment or in certain high pressure

high temperature environment where you

have very high

formation pressure approaching your

fractured gradient

so when your pumps are off in this

situation you go below your formation

pressure

and in this case you may get two

possible

you know situations two possible issues

that can happen one is your influx of

formation

uh you know feloids or you can get well

more instability

if your formations are unstable then

they they will not be supported

with a lower pressure and you can

experience well more instability so this

is the difference

that we need to keep in mind and this

can change during the

during the course of the well in a

particular subsurface environment

now let's see uh in real life how a

typical drilling window looks like so

this is

as i have shared this plot before you

can see that there are

you know as you go deeper in the well

your pressure profile

uh narrows down so this uh let's say

at the proposed td uh

you have uh basically uh

a very very narrow window and if plan

this red line is just an indication of

what typically your mud weight should be

it could be either here which is and

which is in the middle of the two lines

or it could be here which is you know if

you consider the mid case for pressure

mid case

so in any case uh there is uncertainty

in your planning and if you are planning

this scenario

uh you may and if your pore pressure

ends up being on the pp

high high range high scale then you may

end up uh

definitely having problems in the world

so what uncertainty are we talking about

and what did we notice in this plot you

know

what we noticed in this plot was there

is uh

some uncertainty and this is what we

typically see in uh

when you're planning a well so the

answer you have two cases

low case and high case where there is an

uncertainty of around two point ppg

you also have a uncertainty of

fracture gradient of what one ppg and

the overall window uncertainty is 3.2 pg

so this kind of

uncertainty can create uh issues while

designing your mud system but mpd can

certainly aid in this

as you have an option to adjust the

pressure in the well while you are

drilling and if your estimation doesn't

turn out to be accurate

so the goal of mpd is to use a closed

and pressurized

circulating systems how do we do this we

use a closed and pressurized circulating

system

to control the pressure in the well

throughout the well uh thus it

eliminates uh
certain issues like wellbore instability

or influxes from the oil that can happen

in conventional building

so there are typically these four

variants associated with mpd

so that we know uh what we are referring

to as mpd

one is the return flow control where you

don't do any

uh generally pressure management but you

just control the flow

of fluid uh in the well you divert it uh

away

using a closed system so you do not have

any exposure of

hydrocarbon fluids uh through the people

working at the right floor

you you you close the wellbore but you

will still

it to still allow you to move the pipe

as well as rotate it using the rcd

uh there is a method called constant

waterfall pressure which is the most

common method that we have seen

and uh the constant compatible pressure

would

essentially mean that you manage your

bodybuild pressure and compensate for

the loss in ecd or you adjust

your uh pressure using surface back

pressure and we will see these things

as we go how we do it the another method

is dual gradient drilling

the dual gradient drilling is uh

basically uses two different fluids

uh to control the well uh this is mainly

used in the deep water where you may

manage

your pressure by you know you have a

different fluid in the visor

versus what you have in your wellbore in

the annulus so

typically used in dual gradient but it's

also a function

also one of the variants of

managed pressure drilling and then you

have pressurized mud cap drilling

it's important to know all these terms

because sometimes uh you will be

you will be asked to you know basically

a company would decide that we just want

to use this

mpd for uh return flow control we are

not going to do any

uh pressure management so in that case

you would still have an empty system set

up on the rig and in case you might

wondering

what are we doing so here the company is

only and i've been on such jobs where we

are just managing

uh we're just monitoring the well we're

just monitoring uh the returns from the

well

and we are not doing any pressure

management so but that is what the

objective is for this particular thing

so the last option is uh for example

pressurized mud cap drilling

here uh this is used in total loss of

stream loss situations where

you drill in again an offshore

environment where you have a

fractured carbonate reservoirs where

these fractures are so big that you lose

all your drilling fluids so in that case

you use

sacrificial fluid in the well

which you continue to lose and then you

have a cap fluid in your annulus

uh that you fill with and then you

manage your pressure in a way that you

balance it with the cap fluid and your

sacrificial fluid that you continue

continuously pumping the well

without any return to surface but you

manage your pressure in the well such

that you don't get any kick from any

other any other formations exposed

formations

so these are the four variants of mpd

and each one has its own

application and we will discuss them

so this is how a typical setup of mpd

looks like

uh you'll see here you start with the

rotating control head

then you have your choke manifold uh

then you have your coriolis meter which

does the kick detection

then you have your this is the angular

preventer just to give you an idea about

the vop stack

and this is your mud gas separator so

typically these are the key components

but the real in the real uh

scenario the the the setup is quite

complicated you have a number of valves

they all need to be numbered

and operated time from time to time in

order to line up a particular

flow path so how does constant bottom

wall pressure

uh technique work so this is your

uh pump on a scenario what happens when

you switch off your pump

is you lose your friction pressure as we

just uh discussed you know

and then it might so happen that you go

below your

pore pressure fraction basically poor

pressure value

and with mpd you can essentially move

this

within the within your pore pressure

value by increasing your back pressure

so this is what we typically do

and uh this is how this is one of the

main applications of constant bottom of

pressure where we adjust the back

pressure when we

when we need it to ensure that uh it is

your your pressure is within your

personal factual gradient profile

and now the other thing that you might

have heard about is uh enhancement of

peak filling with mpd so how does it

happen what do we do what

what happens uh in mpd

and how does it enhance cooling let's

have a quick look at it

so uh mpd enhances your primary well

control yes this is

true and it has been are additional

processes that we've been discussing

about

so typically in conventional link how is

uh
kick detected now usually we all know

that a

sign of a kick is basically increasing

flow out

now monitoring of low out in

conventional drilling is done using a

flow paddle which is installed on a flow

line

now this is a sensor which detects uh

deflection in this low paddle

and it converts it to a signal usually

the sensor measurement is uh relatively

inaccurate and it just gives you a

measurement between zero to 100 flow

so during this

and he needs to make an informed uh

guess on whether he's getting a gain

and then if he gets some indication

correlates it with the gain in the pit

he usually stops rolling and does a flow

check to see if the well is indeed

flowing again the flow check

is to be determined by this paddle as

well as some increase in the in the well

in the in the in in your pit volume uh

in the well

so now with this with this uh

these these methods are relatively

inaccurate because this sensor requires

regular cleaning maintenance if you're

dealing with water-based mud

uh you know it usually tends to get

stuck and

the fluctuation on the calibration will

never be so accurate

so you always have a difference of 15 to

20 percent and then you tend to lose uh

accuracy and pick up small signals with

this kind of a sensor

therefore this is in conventional

drilling kick detection is

usually very difficult the other thing

that we do is uh the mud density

measurement is done usually using this

instrument uh which is called as a mud

balance and it is done manually

periodically so if there is a change in

my properties you only know when

your man and the pit does uh takes a

sample your mud engineer does a

measurement and uh then they uh

report this uh basically sometimes

uh they it is not as frequent and you

would miss some indications early you

know

and uh this is another thing if you see

on the right side of your screen this is

basically a sensor that measures your

pit volume
now you guys all might have heard about

an indication uh of gain or a kick is

usually increase in pit volume so how do

we know whether there is an efficient

volume is is you have a sensor like this

mounted on each pit

now on a big drilling operation you have

several pits and you have multiple

sensors and there are a lot of transfers

sometimes being done from reserve to

active system or

and vice versa and sometimes you can

miss some indications or some

indications might be misrepresented

so these are the this could potentially

delay

a detection of a kick or an influx or

you can miss some indications

and therefore it is not very accurate

what do we do in mpd

differently so you see you have you

install a coriolis meter

in your return flow in mpd and we saw

that in the flow

uh diagram a little while ago that right

after the choke manifold there is a

uh flow meter this flow meter measures

density and flow rate the same device

gives you
accurately value of density and flow

rate

and the the measuring principle of this

is available uh

we may not be able to go through it in

details here today but it's a good

subject of

discussion in casing somebody is

interested and a

number of manufacturers are there out

the market to

provide this device there is an

application selection needs to be done

based on the flow rate

at what flow rate you'll be circulating

300 gpm 400 500 600

depending on the whole section depending

on the volume depending on the cuttings

so there is a big area of work over here

where you when you select the equipment

for a particular job

now this sensor basically

one device that measures low rate

density and temperature

and essentially you you are actually

monitoring flow out continuously

uh in your unit of measurement that is

challenge per minute if you are using

field units

and you compare keep comparing your flow

in and flow out

uh all the time and you you see

uh if you are getting an influx or

losses from the well

so this is how you typically

this is how you typically monitor your

operations with mpd

and it increases the accuracy so a small

change

can give you an indication of something

deviating from

the normal trend and then you have

an opportunity to go back and check

if anything is going wrong and not wait

for the pit volume

or some other indication in the well or

the mud balance or the mud measurements

done by the mud engineer to check so you

know

basically through this meter whether

there is a change in the density meaning

if there is any gas and print in the

in the in the mud or if there is any

losses

downhole and so on

so this is this was how uh basically mbd

enhances the cheek detection

let's quickly look at the mpd equipment

uh although this
we are not planning to cover this in

details here in this session because the

main objective is

about well design so this is a typical

uh mpd setup on the rig

where you see conventionally you just

have a flow line

the dotted line here that you would see

would be just a flow line and the paddle

type sensor mounted

going to the shakers but mpd it induces

additional equipment you have your choke

manifold

you have your coriolis meter that we

just spoke about choke manifold is

used you have your rcd that closes your

annulus and your brick pump diverter

here in this diagram this is alloy

button equipment which is used

uh and we will discuss about why we need

it but one thing is important

uh to know is that you need uh

to have uh when you are applying back

pressure then it has to be flow uh

through the manifold at least minimum

value of flow

in the system so uh this needs to be uh

maintained you this is maintained using

from diverter

this is a typical rcd from weatherford

this is another one from uh

the different models according if you

see other different pressure ratings

and for different applications and

depending on

your application your well uh your

pressures you can choose

one of the rcds if you are not going to

experience very high pressure in the

well

then you can use a low pressure rcd uh

you can

this is all part of the design work that

you do you know how much surface

pressure you are going to see

and you there are working pressure and

one more thing that you should notice

here is that there is working pressure

and then there is static pressure so

when the device is static

it is it has got higher pressure rating

when you are rotating

and you are moving the pipe then there

is another pressure rating so each each

device as you can see and it's important

to know

that uh has its own pressure rating and

then

at the bottom here i have mentioned id

that is internal diameter

id is also important because if you are

having particular tubulars that you are

going to

strip through it then the rcd should be

able to accommodate those devices

so in that case

you need to be aware about this fact now

here there is another

uh specification from a company called

pruitt they make rcds as well

and they will uh you know provide you

all the application engineering if you

give them your tubular specifications

your

rpm your pressure that uh

you know you are planning you're

expected to encounter

the height is important because it needs

to be mounted on the rig about the vop

so

the areas the space above the view

should be adequate to accommodate a

particular

rcd so all these points are important

when you modify your

setup on the rig and this is all part of

the well design process

and if you are having an offshore

application then this is uh

how it how the setup is in offshore

environment

your rcd is installed below your tension

rate

uh so

[Music]

in your marine visor and from there it

is the fluids are rotated to your

control system

and uh just wanted to play a video this

is this was

from a company called fluid optimum

pressure control which is the leading

mpd service provider most of you might

be aware about it so this is a very good

animation

to give you an idea about an entire mpd

process

so here you can see it's right in the

beginning when you install the rcd bowl

now this part is only the rcd power and

you're picking up your flow line

with rcd

now this is the bearing assembly these

are some of the components that you

should be familiar with

for those who are already familiar this

is just a recap you know and probably

the animation will give some idea about

how

it's done on an onshore location

this is a control unit for rcd

that is used to close and open the rcd

so once you install the bearing assembly

rc needs to be closed secured

this is the complete footprint of the

equipment as you can see here

the blue part is all all we have as an

empty equipment the rest of the gray one

is is the rig setup

now you start your operations and your

fluid is being circulated

through the well as you normally do it

in any

drilling operation but what changes is

the process at the surface

now the mud is uh returning uh from the

your rcd uh into your flow line

it goes into

your choke manifold

and that's the coriolis meter uh this is

the manifold and this is how it would

look from inside

that's your mud gas separator in case if

you i mean gas in the well you would

typically use that and that's your flare

this is your control system hmi is a

human machine interface so

this is where an mpd operator or an npd

engineer would typically be working

using a control system and a display on

industrial computer

so now you see here there is there has

been a increase

uh in flow rate uh was which was

detected

and uh this gentleman here he's now

doing some adjustments

he's changing the set point to

[Music]

close the choke

by closing the choke he has managed to

contain the flow and you can see that

the flow has reduced and then

operation is you know now being returned

back to normal

so this is how it is this is how a choke

looks like from outside this is how a

manifold looks like from outside there

are many uh

different companies uh manufacturing

this uh different sizes

some of them are compact some of them

are big depending on your applications

uh and uh kind of circulations that you

are going to have

and uh the main main function is of the

choke is to maintain

you know increases and decrease your

surface back pressure as you just saw in

that animation you can

close the choke by and increase the

pressure or you could

open the choke and decrease the pressure

and then maintain constant bottom wall

pressure

there have been electrical chokes right

now so

they are more accurate they are the

response time is

fast the failure rate is low and a lot

of uh

developments are going on in the

industry and it is uh you know important

for all of us to

keep a track of this flow meter we

already discussed about

it uh this is how a skid flow meter

would look like

uh the flow the actual flow meter is

is part of the manifold uh and the

manifold has got valves

so in case if you want to replace the

flow meter you have to route

the flow through another path to ensure

that we can replace it and change it in

case if there is a failure

or some kind of a debris that is stuck

in the flow meter

and this is how it looks like otherwise

in the different

case so now this is an important thing

non-written walls are installed in drill

string and the purpose is to prevent

backflow

of fluids from uh the well

into uh to your drill string to surface

remember that your drill string is your

shortest path

to of uh wellbore fluids or kicks coming

to surface because it is very narrow

it has got a very smaller id so it needs

to be protected so these type of nrvs

are installed in the drill string it is

mandatory when you are

uh dealing with mpd these these existing

walls are installed even when you are

not using mpd

but it is pretty much very important and

it we need to have two nrvs

this is something that the bha will

normally have but

you should be aware about it and now

what is the planning process i mean how

does it go

and now that you have decided to use mpd

on a particular well

so an engineering evaluation is done

when you collect

running data subsurface data then an mpd

program is prepared which takes about

two to three weeks

after analyzing and deciding the

methodology of an mpd

process and then the mpd engineer

usually passes on that empty once the

program is approved by the client it is

passed on to the project manager who

actually focuses on the operational side

of it

uh what are the inputs that you need

you need a pore pressure fracture

gradient you need well board geometry

basically you need just these parameters

uh to get started with your mpd program

you need the drilling fluid design and

the liquid properties the rheological

properties are fully fluid

uh you need your bottom hole assembly

that you are planning to use

for the particular section and most

importantly drill pipe information

the size the od idea the drill pipe you

need the temperature profile because

that will have an effect on the

fluid expansion and contraction if you

are having high temperature

it has an effect on your fluid uh

properties fluid densities

so and this needs to be compensated with

service back pressure

uh you also go through your offset well

data drilling reports to ensure that

there is uh if you had any issues in one

of the previous wells and if so at what

depth

these problems were occurred so you can

be vigilant about

a similar situation in this particular

well so

leading drilling report from previous

well is very important

they will give you a lot of information

and you can accordingly plan for

the current well and how mpd can support

you know these challenges

and the logging data is usually

essentially important for various

reasons

the port pressure fracture getting data

comes from the logging data logging it

also provides

uh hydrocarbon uh you know water hydro

any other

zones uh that are uh you know are there

in your drilling interval so that you

know

and uh project manager basically in any

mpd operation is responsible for getting

the equipment ready

mobilizing the equipment field uh

basically

assigning field personnel for a

particular job carrying out rig

inspection

is important to carry a brick inspection

ring inspection will provide

information about the interfaces that

you have with the rig then you have a p

id that is prepared for those who don't

know what is p id p id is a process and

instrumentation diagram

it has got all the information about the

process

uh that will be deployed

uh basically like for example the

different valves isolation valves type

of walls

starting from your rcd all the way up to

your flare stack or shield shaker

in multiple uh paths you know and

one of the planning process involves

conducting hazard and hazard meeting at

your clients office

and also involving other service

companies who would be present during

this operation to and the drilling

contractor to

discuss about the various hazards and to

make sure that they are away mitigated

or

addressed controlled or mitigated

properly

so usually when the operation commences

you have project manager project mpd

engineer they usually oversee the

operations and

implementation after the operation is

completed

an mpd engineer would typically complete

end of the report and ensure that and

analyze whether all the kpis of the

particular mbd projects were met

key performance indicators of what was

the objectives and whether our

objectives and

indicators were achieved or not so this

is

typically from start to end how the

process is completed in a very broad way

specifically this takes a few months uh

if not several months to complete

and then once the more better planning

you do

the better outcome you would have

you know in in summary uh basically uh

we use mpd for improving safety and well

control you improve quick tolerance

and you manage your ecd and i've got uh

let's move on to the next section of

this presentation quickly

i've got another slide deck to share we

will do that

okay so

this is uh

your second second part i will quickly

look at the fundamentals of hydraulics

it is an important

uh consideration for planning any apd

and because of the additional pressure

components that we have

in the system like the application of

surface back pressure uh

okay so uh let's uh quickly look at the

fundamentals of hydraulics

here you have uh the difference you'll

see some equations on the screen

uh in conventional drilling you would uh

see that

you have your hydrostatic pressure and

your annular friction pressure profile

we discussed about this

a little while ago but what happens in

manufacture drilling is you have an

additional component under surface back

pressure and if you break down the

equation

you will see here at the bottom uh you

have the

calculation for your hydrostatic

pressure your your calculations for

uh friction pressure and you have your

calculations of surface back pressure

and uh this is the equation that we are

all familiar with

most of us would be familiar with for

calculating hydrostatic pressure

uh if you see you you take into account

true vertical depth so in this example

uh if you calculate hydrostatic pressure

the equation would be if you have a 10

pg mud system and your total vertical

depth is 10 000 feet

uh in a one quarter inch hole uh your

pressure at the bottom would be 5200 psi

point to be noted here is that the whole

size and the measured

are not of any importance over here

the mud weight and total vertical depth

is what is

and the constant which is 0.05 degrees

what is required
so what is friction pressure loss and

why are you so concerned about it

uh friction pressure loss

is pressure loss that occur due to

resistance of the fluid in the flow for

example inside the pipe

through the annular space between

wellbore and drill string and uh

basically all the way through friction

between the fluid and the pipe creates

pressure against the pump

so the pump mud pumps that we use on the

rake that the pressure that is created

against those

pump and this pressure the pump has to

overcome

in the circulating system in order to

ensure that the fluid moves from the

pump

all the way to the bottom of the well to

the surface

and then crucial shakers

so what are the different factors that

affect friction pressure now

the factors these are important things

because when you start designing

well whether conventionally or with mpd

you need to know

these variables because it is possible

that you can change these variables to

change the pressure in the world

now there is flow rate there is

neological properties

there is flow regime flow regime is your

turbulent flow or laminar flow

your effective flow area and the length

of the flow path

so these are some of the factors that

affect your

friction pressure loss now there are

some mathematical models

available to calculate uh friction

pressure loss for different rheology

and flow regimes and we will quickly

have a look at them here

now what happens is when you

do when you circulate flow your flow

regime could be either

laminar flow and or turbulent flow now

the flow regime

is decided by something what we call as

reynolds number so reynolds number is uh

is if it is more than uh 2100 you would

your

flow would be uh lamina is turbulent if

it's less than 2100 it would be

laminar you know and in general

uh you know we have uh we usually have

in the drill string turbulent flow

and in your annulus you have laminar

flow so it really depends upon how much

annular space you have although this is

not always valid this assumption is

accepted for

calculations and these are the equations

uh

that we have here without going too much

into the details as this session is

uh not we will not probably have enough

time to go through it in details but

in our future sessions when we do the

actual training courses we will

discuss all the equations in details

because they are used for calculations

and

inside even the software these are the

equations that are used so

here you see how you calculate laminar

flow it's less than 2100 so the flow

regime is laminar

then a particular set of equations are

used to calculate

your friction pressure loss if you have

a turbulent flow

then you have another equation so in

this case since the flow regime is

laminar

we have used this equation to calculate

the pressure loss

and after you multiply for if you have a

pipe length of thousand feet if you

multiply it for

1000 feet into the psi per foot that you

have established here calculated here

your free total friction pressure loss

in the in this particular case

is 807 psi so this is how you

establish your friction pressure loss

this friction pressure loss in the

annulus is what we are concerned about

and uh this is what we

this is what has an impact on your

bottom pressure so in general uh your

friction pressure loss

would be a function of your length of

the pipe diameter flow rate flow

properties

that is density viscosity yield point

and you know

other other rheological values

so in practical

world you usually have a number of

softwares

to calculate these and they will give

you

values and you normally see that the

observed values

are different from the predicted or

calculated values why because

your pressures

your dimensions of the whole typically

are not ideal

when you calculate something in

simulation or mathematically you

consider

your hole to be perfectly uh the same

id but in real world your hole might

have some wash out or

by under gauge or there may be some dog

legs and this has an impact

so you will always see your calculator

and your actual measured value

difference but there

this is something that i just want to

discuss here so that you don't get uh

you know unnecessarily too much worried

about it now

what is surface back pressure uh well

this is the term that is quite commonly

associated with

mbd so

to begin with let's say even if your

choke is 100 open

mpd system will generate surface back

pressure uh

surface back pressure is generated using

your choke uh

but there are other factors that

can add to the service that pressure and

that is your flow line your choke

manifold

your the valves that are part of the

choke manifold

the mass flow meter that is the coriolis

mask meter

all of them add to surface back pressure

and this is called as system surface

back pressure

so we should be aware about it that even

if

you don't intend to apply any surface

back pressure

your well will have surface back

pressure and this needs to be modeled

right in the beginning of planning so

you may have 50 60 psi

surface back pressure anyway just

because of the mpd system and you need

to factor that in your calculations

this is part of your mpd design process

now the surface back pressure will

change

uh when you change your flow regime so

you need to model

it for different flow rates and you need

to measure it

uh for different flow rate

and one more thing we need to keep in

mind is that whenever you are going to

apply surface back pressure the mpd

choke could require flow through it

during drilling or connection so this is

where you use a back pressure pump or a

rig from diameter

so it needs to have flow through it

in order to adjust the

back pressure this is a

how do you determine the system surface

back pressure loss

you do it during your fingerprinting so

what is fingerprinting is

uh something that we'll discuss in

procedures but give you a brief idea

uh when you are in casing as you run to

bottom and before you start rolling out

the section

you usually circulate through your

system

at different flow rate to establish

various parameters check your downward

pools if they're functioning

to check your surface equipment if they

are functioning but you also model

your system surface back pressure so you

calculate

at for example 400 gpm how much is your

back pressure
watermelon pressure in general is

established or is uh

basically in mpd a function of

these three parameters as we have been

discussing one is your hydrostatic

pressure you have another friction

pressure and surface back pressure uh

when you do modeling of bottom pressure

that is when you do your designing

you need to take into account multiple

scenarios

but these are the most common scenarios

that you definitely need to take into

account

one is that your bottom pressure is

static

and you are not applying any uh surface

back pressure and there is no

circulation in the world

your water wall pressure what is the

waterfall pressure of that

then you take into account another

scenario

where your bottom mold pressure is uh

static that is there is no circulation

and you are applying some surface back

pressure uh

what would be uh in that case your

bottom of pressure
then there is a dynamic portal pressure

where you are circulating and there is

no surface back pressure but you have

system surface back pressure

and uh what would be your

uh with your chokes open what would be

the bottom of pressure

and then you have your dynamic whatever

pressure with all the variables like you

are applying surface back pressure your

circulating

and your friction pressure loss and

surface back pressure and all of this

so these are the multiple scenarios that

you need to take into account to see

what would be your bottom of pressure

at a particular depth for these

different

conditions and easier bottom of pressure

going to be above your formation

pressure

so when you calculate

your bottom wall pressure without

surface

drilling that is a circulating this

would be the equation that you would use

when you are doing mpd connections then

you are not circulating

so you only have hydrostatic pressure

but your surface back pressure and this

is the equation for that

again when you are drilling on bottom

but you are using surface back pressure

then you have more components to it and

this is the equation for that

and let's uh talk about equivalent

circulating density

uh that is a commonly used term uh in

the drilling operation and

uh basically the equation changes

for uh is equivalent circuit density and

esd

so there are two terms one is in static

conditions uh you convert

pressure into a static density that is

equal in density which is usually

measured in

pounds per gallon and in dynamic

conditions you usually convert your stat

your pressures into equivalent

circulating density that is when you're

circulating

so equivalent static density esd there

are no friction

pumps are off uh and uh but

the annulus could be higher uh you know

contrary due to gas influx the average

might be

reduced so this is what it is you know

you may have cuttings in the well

you may not be circulating but the the

equivalent density of your

fluid in the annulus would be higher

because of these two reasons

or lower uh you know if you're

circulating

uh then your equivalent uh basically

the equation here gives you how you

calculate your equivalent static density

when you are applying surface back

pressure

and this plot shows you how your

equivalent static density

varies with surface back pressure

and as you notice uh your density

becomes higher as you go at shallower

depths so this is something that you

need to be aware about

that the pink line over here on the

right side shows

that your density is higher at shallower

depths and you may

need to consider the value of your

kissing shoe uh when you're designing

this part as it should not exceed your

the pressure at the casing issue and

induced losses

so ecd is uh nothing but when you are

circulating
uh uh you get uh additional pressure in

the well

and this pressure drop in the annulus

plus the hydrostatic pressure applied to

the wellbore

plus the surface back pressure applied

to the wellbore is a combination of

uh you know the factors that reminds ecd

ecd equation is this is the equation for

ecd when you

in the context of mpd and uh if you can

see here it's mud weight plus your

annular

pressure loss plus your surface back

pressure plus

you know divided by the constant and

through vertical depth it is similar to

static density but in which case the

animal friction pressure loss is missing

now here you see as i was discussing

before

uh in a calculation you would notice

that

you have two scenario two two values

here one is the cd at

the bottom and you see at shoe now the

casing shoe the bottom of the well is 12

000 feet and the previous casing shoe is

4 000 feet
annual friction pressure above the shoe

is 140 psi annual friction pressure

total is 360 psi so at the bottom

the total total annual friction pressure

loss will be applicable

uh and if you see the ecd at bottom is

15.9 bpg

but ecd at shoe uh is 16.3 ppg so

the value of easily at this issue is

much higher

than that of bottom and one should be

aware about it and this needs to be

determined usually the hydraulic

modeling software will provide you

a chance an opportunity to calculate all

these things but one should be aware

about the fact that

ud series may be higher at the casing

issue and

they should be compared to bottom as

well

so these are my additional calculations

which we won't be going through in

details but

in our future course i will certainly do

a lot of exercises associated with this

i will just quickly skim through them

and move to the next part of the

presentation as you can see here

basically it is demonstrating that

your cds are

ecd's uh are different in different

sections of the well and you should

model it thoroughly

and ensure that uh we do not exceed any

of the weak formations

pressure at the weak formation uh

anywhere in the world

while you're planning your mdd

and typically when you do hydraulic

analysis

of a particular section you this table

will provide you a summary of how you do

a hydraulic analysis

essentially you need to see

you you consider 12.5 pg mod weight but

your target might weight is 13.5 bpg

so you consider various parameters at

different flow rates

uh different pressures at i shoot

different surface back pressures

uh different annular friction pressures

and

total system pressure so you do this uh

analysis

to find out what is the best suited

option for you

in a way that your uh your parameters

are optimum you are not exceeding any of

the pressures and you are utilizing an

empty system

to control and you have sufficient

margin available with you most

importantly

that should something go wrong you

should be able to adjust it so

you see the last column is very

important here it says

uh available surface pressure before

uh below before 141 to bpg so how much

pressure you can

apply more in this whole

in this whole uh you know

section is what is important so this is

how it works

and this is how it uh you know

uh planning uh the planning process is

done

so i think we are uh we've completed

this light deck but i have one more

slide deck to share with you quickly

and i will do that before we conclude

our today's session

uh just give me a minute when i and i'll

open the third one

uh there are some important points

for me to share

what we essentially do uh now we'll

discuss today
in this uh discuss in this part of the

presentation is the procedures

in that we use and is this is all part

of our

planning process and engineering process

so well design when you do well design

we also have the right procedures

generic procedures may be available with

you but we need to write specific

procedures we need to get them approved

because whatever you are going to do

during

any video operation uh needs to be in

the form of a procedure

and this needs to be approved by your

client you are the client then you need

to approve it you need to go through it

with your service company

and ensure that they are quite aligned

uh keep in mind that your delete

contractor

should be also involved in this at all

times because a lot of these procedures

will require his

involvement and his uh interface

so uh procedures can be broadly

classified into three different steps

you know

startup procedures operational

procedures contingency procedures

so these are the three things

startup procedures are typically mpd

system

pressure testing fingerprinting in

casing test finger printing in casing

test

testing all the sensors mpd will

introduce a whole lot of sensors down

all that surface sensors you need to

test them to make sure that they are

functioning

recording mpd system pressure losses we

just discussed about it that we need to

record this for different flow rate to

make sure that you're aware about

where this 50 60 psi is coming from that

you will you will see in the system

then you have you have to calibrate pump

efficiency

this is typically done on the rig all

the time but

with mpd system you have an opportunity

to calibrate using your flow meter

so you your input is your calculation

from your pumps

output is your flow meter and you check

your flowing and float and accordingly

adjust your

pump efficiency this is done casing so

you know your system

uh everything is within the loop and you

are not losing any formation uh

any fluid to the formation or you are

not gaining anything from the formation

so if there is a difference between your

calculated flow in and your measured

flow out uh measure flow out you need to

match them together

so this is done at the beginning so or

that as you go along

if you see any anomaly if you see any

changes variation in the two

you will uh you will

consider this as a download issue then

you compare your calibration data with

your pwd data pwd's pressure while

drilling sensors

that is used while uh drilling uh it

basically gives you downhill uh pressure

bottom of pressure that we have been

talking about all the time

it measures uh bottom up pressure and it

also calculates ecd

downhole with the tool now why you need

to calibrate this is because sometimes

this

can fail also sometimes this tool

doesn't record data

at that time you are relying on your

calculated

pressures that we just discussed but the

calculations in real world are done by

your software

in real time basis so the usually you

have your watermark pressure data which

is measured by a pwd tool which is

like part of the lwd system but you also

have to calibrate your

model because then if something goes

wrong with your tool

or during connections or any other time

and you're not circulating

your calibrated model will uh be the

only source

for you to give you your bottom pressure

data which as you know as we have been

discussing is very important

to maintain and manage now

the pipe movement is for the swab and

surge pressure

losses and influx the system is to

detect this

uh that has been the main objective one

of the main objectives of mpd so but we

need to simulate this

by uh you know measuring this and

uh then your flow behavior in the system

how it how how it behaves when you turn

your pump off what happens when you turn

your

pump on and so on so

so this is uh typically how

you start off with an mpd project

now there are operational procedures you

remember we classified it into three

different steps one is

your startup one is your operational and

then your contingency

so in your operational procedures you

have uh normal things that you do when

your rcd bearing assembly that needs to

be removed

you need to close your annular preventer

because you may end up having a

you know lower density fluid and when

you remove your rcd bearing assembly

you lose pressure in the well that has

been applied for the surface so

you need to uh you need to remove your

rcd bearing assembly

yeah mpd connections you know

uh when you do mpd connections you need

to increase the surface back pressure

and uh basically this is that needs to

be done in coordination with your

uh uh driller

he when he turns this comes off you

increase your

surface back pressure at the time to

compensate for your friction pressure

loss

during the connections or at any time

when your pumps are off so you need

this has to be a procedure that you need

to write down

the number of steps that you are going

to take and it needs to be done well

coordinated otherwise it will not work

properly

you also remember you need to turn off

your back pressure pump because

the system needs to have flow in it so

this needs to be done

uh as a procedure uh the other thing

that you do is you

do flow checks now flow checks are

different uh in

mpd as compared to your conventional

drilling

why is it different because you have a

closed system you have a flow meter

uh you don't have an open system to the

shell shaker your returns are going to

mpd system

and are measured by your coriolis meter

so

when you stop the pumps uh you you need

to you need to have a procedure to

measure flow you know you can do dynamic

you can do static there are multiple

ways of doing flow checks but typically

it is different from your conventional

flow checks most of them who are in

drilling operations know the importance

of flow check

and it is important to know this

procedure as it will be

it will vary from uh how it is

in conventional drilling displacing well

to lighter fluid

now this is typically done in mpd when

you drill out the shoe

you check for flow uh you once you're in

open formation usually one of the

objectives of mpt is to drill with a

lighter fluid

as compared to conventional rooting

let's say you are planning to drill a

nine at the quarter inch hole section

and you had a

14 ppg merge system plan now when you're

discussing

mpd you would you typically want to deal

with the lighter mud system one is that

you save your mud cost

second is that you try to drill uh

you know see if you can drill with a

lighter fluid without having any issues

in the well

but you have an mpd system to protect

you in case if you

do get uh into any shoe so but you need

to displace to a lighter period you

don't usually start drilling the

lighter fluid you drill with a normal uh

fluid

and then you displace with the lighter

fluid you know

so uh you when you displace to the

lighter fluid

you you cannot do it all of a sudden you

need to compensate it

you know you typically uh have your

equivalent motivated the world

equivalent to 14 ppg and then you slowly

slowly shift to

13 pp and then 12 ppg in order to ensure

that you don't get any

uh surprises from the well so

there is a procedure for that and you do

it in stages what you do it on the fly

you know you

cannot consume too much time doing all

these things it needs to be done in a

very optimal way

similarly kick detection well control

procedures are also

uh to be mapped there are some things

what is there is something what is

called as formation integrated as fid

which

most of you might be aware about but in

mpd you use

a different procedure called dynamic

fight there is a dynamic

determination there is a slow

circulation rates that you take in mpd

while tripping there are some procedures

uh

all of this are to be documented and

this is where

if you notice uh reset three to two to

three weeks is required to complete your

mpd program

so writing this procedure is also part

of the program and this is where

sometimes time is consumed why because

you are interfacing with the customer or

you are going through them

and you are making changes to it to suit

everybody's requirements

and then the last thing is their

contingency procedures why contingency

procedures is because

sometimes things can go wrong in your

mpd systems and you need to

define and document you know as to how

you are going to

how you are going to address this if

there is a power failure if there's

equipment failure

if you have a kick from the well you

have lost circulation you have your

choke plug

you have your rcd element failure uh uh

nrv that is a drifting non-redundant so

when you have all of this

all of this basically going on in the

well

you will normally have to activate one

of the contingency procedures

let's talk about uh dynamic wealth

control which is

the last topic of this today's webinar

um

basically definition of mpd is something

that we saw in the right in the

beginning so what happens is in

conventional

linear uh i think this is just the

reputation of what we discussed

uh within the in in a diagram you know

in the form of a diagram

in this case but let's have a quick look

at it
as a recap maybe so you have these three

components

in the mpd that you are managing and if

something goes wrong in the well

you essentially just increase the

surface back pressure as it is shown

here

if you get an influx or a gain from the

well you increase your surface back

pressure provided

that it is it does not exceed any of the

limits in the well

and this is a typical example of a well

control matrix uh

what happens here is uh

what happens here is you uh

define your limits now this well control

matrix is based on

uh your rotation of 200 rpm and when

uh you have zero uh when your surface

pressure

is 0 to 600 psi and you know if you're

drilling in

and safe condition you don't have any

flux then

you're good to go you can continue to

apply that pressure if your surface back

pressure increases

from 600 to 1200 psi then you're in this

yellow zone

where you have to reduce the rotational

speed or increase your density because

you're like this 1200 psi

is is your limit of surface back

pressure so you are reaching the limit

of your surface back pressure

in this case so in order to the

the surface back pressure in order to

have sufficient margin

uh you need to either increase your

motivate gradually or

you have to reduce your rotational speed

so rpm is also a function of your

surface back pressure the the equipment

manufacturer will give you

a chart where it says uh an rcd

manufacturer will give you a chart

against

your rpm to say that at particular rpm

this much would be the maximum surface

back pressure

so in flux if you have an influx less

than three by

three barrels and you continue uh

operations

increase surface back pressure to

dispersing blocks and offer influx

displacement said

new equivalent motivate you know

uh basically so that you may make sure

that

your influx is contained and you're

still in the green zone

uh since your influx limit is that

you've detected it as less than three

barrels

what happens if your influx increases to

more than three barrels

now you're in a red zone that means uh

you need to pick up a bottom

uh mpd will trap pressure then you shut

your bop and then you activate

your well control procedure from the rig

so this is where you define your limits

of mpd system using this matrix and that

if you

observe a gain that is more than three

barrels you typically

switch over to conventional well control

procedure which most of

you would have uh you know studied in

any of the well-controlled schools

uh that is either a driller's method or

weight on weight method

whichever is uh approved by the company

you just go for that

and you uh typically basically

control the well now there is influx

volume uh

limit here you have a normal operating

limit you have your plant limit

normal limit is that if your influx is

less than three barrels you can continue

if your plant limit is if it exists

three barrels and it's just discussed

you know

also there is a pressure limit uh 1200

psi

uh and if your rpm is below

or 120 so these are all the factors that

you

take into account when you define your

wealth control metrics this is done

when you are doing your web planning if

you are in your if you are in the field

operation

then you will uh you know get this data

or you will be invited

into some other meetings where you can

give your inputs and

discuss about various limits uh

pressure limits in the wellbore pressure

limits of the surface equipment

and make sure that at any given time we

are not exceeding any of this to create

another issue in the well

so uh what is dynamic well control

basically
you would have heard this term what

happens is if your

flow out increases uh

then then you're uh basically

you you're you increase your surface

back pressure

to match it with the flow in and balance

the well

by keeping your drill pipe pressure

constant but you need to determine your

surface pressure limit

and you need to calculate your new mud

weight and you need to also

work on displacing the well to a new mud

weight

so if you have increased your surface

back pressure by 200 or 300 psi uh in

order to balance your fluid and flow out

at the same time you need to work with

increasing your mud weight by let's say

half

pg or point seven pg or one ppg in the

well

and then accordingly displace the well

but usually this process as you know is

time consuming

so but you may still have to work on it

and displace the weight to new

motivate such that you can go back on

your surface back pressure

limit and you can have sufficient margin

in the way

so while uh the typical kick warning

signs are uh

while drilling while tripping and uh

while mpd in surface back pressure mode

these are very similar

to what you have uh while conventional

drilling

but only thing is that it provides you

additional tools

such as your flow meter and your

cumulative volume

all that this is a typical decision

tree that we have in mpd uh

we have one more decision tree but this

is just this is just one decision tree

and in in this case if you see here uh

while you are drilling

what happens if you detect an influx

that is your flow or is greater than

flow in

so you increase uh a influx greater than

uh

three barrels or surface back pressure

greater than twelve hundred psi you know

i so you shut the oil in and you

uh in this case if you see you guys

might be familiar with this uh there is

hard setting and soft cutting but in

this case in this matrix it is clearly

defined it needs to be hard shutting

and circulating flux out to through

rig's poor body gaser

holding standby pressure constant as we

were just discussing

uh procedure has already been defined

here before you even combines any

operation with mpd

and then what happens you know what do

you do after that

you know ecd management with surface

back pressure yes possible

then you increase your ecd with surface

back pressure no increased motivate

uh enabling uh drilling to appropriate

surface back pressure

uh you know to balance the pore pressure

now this is how a decision tree is

defined in the beginning this is just an

example

but this would be part of your

well-designed process where you decide

what you are going to do uh you know in

the event of an influx or a key

if your influx is smaller then you can

circulate your influx using your mpd

system
through your which degasser who went out

the gas

there is another uh evolution

of this well control metrics which has

been now there are four parameters that

have been taken into consideration there

is

excel spreadsheets there is softwares

available uh

there is something what is called as

influx management envelope

now influx management envelope is uh

nothing but a plot that you have just

seen

you see uh where it basically takes into

account

in initial influx volume and post influx

surface pressure

uh so primary

uh uh barrier uh of influx

you know what happens is if you are in

this yellow zone uh

you you can circulate your kick using

your

while keeping your primary barrier by

primary barrier they are saying that

mpd system your existing merge system in

the well

if you ex if you are in this red zone

then you need to use your secondary

barrier now

secondary barrier for your entails use

the riggs bop system

this choke manifold and uh the

procedures that is your driller's method

or weight on weight method

so essentially this matrix defines

uh taking into account the initial

influx volume if you see the plot here

you have here on the y axis initial

input volume and you have your post

input surface pressure

now it plots these data uh

and decides whether you can circulate

your influx r

uh basically using your mpd system or

you need to switch to your rigs

conventional system and it is a it's an

envelope

and so it will be uh you know across

certain parameters there if you see here

there is a green zone on the top

so if you are in that green zone that

means you are in the same zone and you

can

continue

so ah basically determines the pressure

limit as a function of influx volume in

plus intensity
and a combination of these things and

decides whether you need to

use your secondary wheel control to

control the well there is another

area basically now in this case this

particular envelope there is an orange

area if you can see

where uh it's a subset of the yellow

area and the orange area

basically in orange zone and influx can

still be safely removed with the primary

barrier

uh basically but we need to modify

certain things you know

to bring go back to the yellow limit you

know an example would be the need

need to reduce pump speed if possible

you know

to go back into the yellow zone so this

is one of the

one of the scenarios in an influx

management envelope but usually

typically the software

nowadays that are available for

designing mpd would

incorporate this in it so you would get

a chance to play with it and decide

uh all the different parameters now here

is another

uh what i would say you know it is a

decision matrix where

if you did you decide what how you do

and if you would like to apply

and referring to the influx management

envelope whether you are in your red

zone

orange zone or yellow zone

here is another one which i took from

one of the sp papers uh where

they are talking about a weak point

based on

an influx of 10 barrel 20 barrel and the

equipment limit line

or influx volume um

based on and post influx uh surface

pressure and then here you see there is

there is a there is a line which talks

about peak intensity and based on the

intensity

20 barrels 10 barrels and the weak line

the equipment limit you you decide

how your pressures are you know how you

would basically

operationally control a well-controlled

situation uh if you are in the yellow

zone you can use your mpd system if you

are in the red zone

you need to go to the conventional well

control methodology

so this was pretty much what we had

discussed today in today's webinar and

this if you guys have any questions i

would be happy to answer