good afternoon

welcome to today's sca webinar with dr

robello samuel on how does well design

engineering and real-time operation

impact performance efficiency and

optimization

before i introduce dr samuel i'd like to

remind the audience that you are muted

but you can ask questions during the

presentation going using the go to

webinar question feature

we will cover the q a at the end of the

presentation

and you will be anonymous

before we start today's webinar we would

like to ask a few questions

about the audience

so i will be launching a

poll okay the first question is what's

your primary discipline

i don't know if your screen is being

shown

i don't see your screen

thank you

there we go

so the poll should be open

and what's your primary discipline

let's start that again

launching the poll

so i'm getting responses

um we're seeing that 71 of our audience

is

petroleum engineering 29

other

and looks like we've got

most of the audience has voted

so i will close that

and move to

another polling question

the next question is

how many years of full-time experience

do you have in the oil and gas industry

so we're starting to get some responses

now

and looks like we have a good variety of

different levels of experience

most of you have voted so i'll go ahead

and close

and share the responses it looks like we

had 11 with less than one year

22 percent one to three years 44

11 to 20 years and 22 have

over 30 years

so thanks for joining us today

make sure i'm still sharing

um

today's presentation is how does

real time

how does well-designed engineering and

real-time operation impact the

performance efficiency and optimization

our speaker today is dr robelo samuel

dr samuel has been a chief technical

advisor and senior fellow

working with halliburton for many years

he has

experience in different drilling

applications around the world he's

received a number of awards from spe

including most recently the sp aimee

honorary membership award

dr samuel is an adjunct professor at

several universities

and has served in that capacity

for several years

sorry i'm going back to my slides and uh

he has written a number of books

uh 13 books in drilling and his

72 patents

95 worldwide patents and over 200

technical papers

so dr samuel teaches several courses for

sca

including the one that he will be

focusing on today

we'll provide you more information about

when these courses are offered

the applied drilling optimization course

is going to be offered in a virtual

format live online during the first week

of may

and in a in-person format in midland

texas in late august

the principles and practices of mud

motor will be offered live online

virtually

during early june and in person in

midland in august

and applied drill string mechanics

will be offered in september in midland

so

sca offers a variety of live online

classes virtually several that are

coming up in the near future include

carbon capture and storage an

engineering perspective with christine

economides and demetrius as ignatu

that's the first week of may in a

virtual format it's offered in person in

june in houston

lee richards is speaking on drilling

fluids in a live online format for two

weeks during may

and bob barbae will be doing a

virtual class on refrac candidate

selection

in early june

dr richards has an upcoming webinar uh

in may on understanding well control

fundamentals making well control simple

and understandable

and of course look to sca for all of

your training that can be offered

in-house as well as our public courses

that are offered both in-person and

virtually

and sca in addition to training offers

consulting direct hire

support and projects and studies

and so robelo i'm going to

give you the presentation rights and let

you start your presentation

hope you can see my screen

yes

okay thank you susan for your kind

introduction and

i would like to take you through

some of the condensed version of the

three courses

that i teach it's it spans more than 72

hours

but i will take it

on a high level in the next 30 minutes

or so

to give a

background

just

you can go through this info graphics

it is for a particular shale field eagle

food it has almost produced 1 billion

barrel it's now more than that

it has a lot of information

but i would like to concentrate very

specific to the well design the tubulars

all the things that are

related you can see

it very well compared

to the well-known

oil fields in the world

you can see very close to the gawa field

in saudi and also you can see how much

time it took

for the u.s gulf of mexico to reach 1

billion barrels so these are all the

things that are comparing how much time

it took

at different time scales

but the important thing is

we have drilled for a particular

shape field

150 million feet of wall path

now think of that

if we could

approximate uh

one percent

if we have an optimized system if we

could say that will result almost

two million feet of

wallpap

it's not only that

you can see another important point that

that shell this particular trail player

has taken is

you can they have used a drilling pipe

but that can wrap around the world 1.25

times

in other words

that much amount approximately we have

put casings

don't go

that is almost 165 million feet of pipes

that have been gone forever inside the

earth

if you think if we could say one percent

or if one percent

is optimized we could save two million

feet of casing pipe that is on the

tubular side

so now

with this panoramic backdrop of drilling

this

extended length of

a particular chill plate

probably you can relate

to some of this

at some point

you might have seen

broken pipe here try to twist off broken

threads

all these collapsed pipe burst pipes

more related to the tubulars

as we deal with it's a complex system

now with this

panoramic backdrop of the tubules

if we go to the bottom you can relate to

some other things

you can see i have taken pictures from

different sources

that we will see

so we have a system that is very complex

now how do we it is easy to say 150

million feet of pipe used and saving one

percent is going to save 2 million feet

but

what are the complexities that we need

to con

which have to consider with and what are

the things that we can see when we model

this

so i as susan mentioned i teach

72 hours of drill string mechanics

optimization

operation for a particular one i just

condense it

few high level topics

that you can see and rest of the things

it will be taught in the class

well design

drill string mechanics

drilling optimization and how do we

calibrate we have a complex optimization

techniques all these things how do we

calibrate and realize

the importance in the value chain in the

real time

so some

needs to be calibrated some models have

to be calibrated as we get more and more

real-time data

and a lot of

one download

tool that

we want to

go through is the mud motor

we have a comprehensive mud motor

operational class that stands for two

days to three days

we will have the hands-on

experience and some practice of using

and calculating different different uh

solutions

with it i will take you through a few

high-level basics and understanding how

they are interrelated

all the classes will cover the basics

start with
the fundamentals because we need to have

the basic knowledge it is not that we

need to develop equations derive

equations but we need to have some basic

principles on which these models are

built over

so we have a comprehensive understanding

of tackling any problems beyond the

classroom

teaching or education

so

i'll go through a basic simple example

of

mechanics it's a thin and thick wall

cylinders

that is well studied in the mechanical

industry in the chemical industry as we

handle all these things

but we deal with a different system but

we have to follow that

slenderness ratio so we have an inside

diameter outside diameter

length

or obviously

thickness of the pipe

so based on that it is well defined d

over t of the slenderness ratio if it is

greater than 20

it is called the thin cylinder

if it is less than 20 it is the thick

cylinder why it is important

because that dictates how the stresses

are going to act

so now how does it relate to our system

so now i have given few examples

casings used in the oil field

aspect d over t

between 10 and 35. it's a wide range

right

but if you nail it down to a particular

pipe say 5 inch dual pipe using a

4.276 id you can see that the

the slenderness ratio dot is 11.78

which falls under the thick cylinder

so now most drill collars

vary between 0.3 to 2.5

most of the tubings between 5 and 16.

so these are important as we develop the

models

now another point is this is the

cross-sectional dimension that we have

gone now what about the lengthwise

system which we call the aspect ratio

length over diameter

the length of the pipe

over

diameter of the pipe think of

a 40 000 feet with drill

it has an aspect ratio of 100 000

very high aspect ratio that we deal with

we deal with a complex system

now the closest you will see is the high

wind turbine towers

or the nano tubes

and i will give you an example if you

take a human cap

i want to match with this

and you want to visualize it

it should have a 60 feet to human hair

that will have a hundred thousand

aspect ratio that is the complexity that

we'll deal with one is the thin and

thick cylinder the other one is the

aspect ratio

now we have to model it

and we have to design the world that can

handle this tubulars

ultimately we have to

construct the world

and also calibrate the models in real

time

so the practical calculations are

we need to have the hook load

then the forces

stresses

and we have to limit

all these calculations in order to find

the failures whether we are in the

failure envelope we don't want to exceed

with a high aspect ratio system and also

it is not just a tubular we have a lot

of tools that we are putting down hold

expensive tools

so

forces we need to calculate the forces

it is easy to calculate the forces

outside

in a mechanical

structure or anything but when it comes

to the down hole where it is immersed in

the fluid it becomes more complex

so we use it to force

first on that one is called the true

force

or the effective force it is a very

confused

calculation

people think of

right

so i'll deal with this on a high level

but in the class i will give you more

examples and go through the

differentiation why these are

the two forces

in play

so always we have depth and the tension

uh positive compression negative and we

map
so we immerse the

pipe said simple tubular all the way to

pipe now it has a compressive force

because of the buoyancy

so it is at the bottom it is

it is in a compression zone at the top

you have a tension

now

at the top we have the tension or we

eventually calculate the cuckoo

now

is it the one

the fluid force is going to cause the

buckling is it going to fail the point

on its own

we have found

and also theoretically proved

it is not

because the fluid forces alone

won't buckle the pipe you need to have

the mechanical loading at the pipe now

if you are applying weight on bit it

will move to the left

so we take the fluid forces

or the hydrostatic force out of the true

forces

then we plot it and we call the

effective force

that is
the effective force at the bottom is now

in the neutral point

at the surface

whether it is true force or effective

force you need to have only one single

force you cannot have two poses

now

we take all the way

from the bottom to the depth which we

call the stability force fluid stability

force

that makes the system uh

stable

when we have the hydrostatic force when

we start applying the mechanical loading

in form of weight on bit

both the lines the true force and the

effective force equally move

to the amount of weight on bt you apply

at the bottom

so now we have a limit on the right side

which

we calculate based on the yield strength

of the pipe

on the left side we make it as a

buckling limit it is not a failure limit

we calculate the sinusoidal buckling and

helical buckling based on analytical

methods

and we plot that and we want to stay

away if we want to stay away from

helical region or

sinusoidal region so these are the

limits that

we take into consideration one is the

limit of failure the other one is the

limit of working as long as the forces

are within these conditions

we are tend to okay and also we

calculate how much is the over pull

between the

the top at the surface

and the limit forces

now we have to take this into account

level the force we calculate

from that we calculate

at each point

the side forces

the bottom forces the top forces and we

start integrating all the way to the

surface

now this has to be done

for all the operations

we have to have the drag calculation

third calculation for tripping in

tripping out

rotating on bottom

rotating off bottom

sliding
back reaming

and the other related operations

so this

forms the basis for all the force

calculations

so when you take the torque and drag it

not only calculate the forces

but also includes

for all boundary conditions that are

related to different operations

based on that we can

calculate other things like rocking and

what are the effects of the friction

and the more into the friction

calibration friction calculations

drag forces side poses that will be

covered more on the

token drag

class

then we have to take into the effect of

the butt properties wait orbit surface

pressure you may circulate

and apply surface pressure these are all

the parameters that

the parameters have to be included in

all the calculations

so it becomes a comprehensive

calculation start with a simple

friction

basics then develop the friction force

or the drag force

from there you solve the equilibrium

equation then you start to calculating

the forces at each component then you

move all the way to the top and the

boundary conditions for tipping in

tripping out rotating on bottom or off

bottom sliding back streaming all these

things take into consideration when you

start calculating the track folders from

the top

estimates

now

when it comes to the torque and drive

model

there are different models available

one is the soft string model

the soft string model

is the well-known

model

that is used in the industry

for a long time

some basics

no bending stiffness considered

string is assumed to be a table if i

have a 40 000 with an aspect ratio of

100

000

if i hold it if i have the ability to

hold it it will be like a cable so the

assumption

is

valid

for a long string or a long aspect

ratios

string where the bending stiffness

becomes less important

so you have this calculation then it

assumes whatever dog leg it assumes it

is going to follow

so now

the contrary is is it true now if i have

a high dog leg a pipe if i take 30 feet

pipe it may not go

or 90 feet to stand

so we need to consider whether the

forces calculated are there by the

stresses are they

correct

when we use the soft string model for

the hook load calculation it may be okay

but we need to estimate the accurate

stresses when it considers the right

side limit of yield

so string model was introduced and

it's also a

long time back this is introduced and it

is still there

as far as i know
we have introduced

almost 30 years back

so it includes the tubular stiffness

by by its nature it is a step string

model it increases

uh it does not assume the string is in

constant contact

as you can see in the

wellbore it can touch at the different

places

so the contact points are different as

compared to the substring model where it

is continuous

here it is different places so the

contact forces of the side forces

estimated or not

the same as in the substrate model and

thereby the forces may be different at

the different places

so it determines the exact the position

of the string in the board so on a 3d

space where you can see it can move

up and down or high side low side

the problem with the stiff stick model

is it by its nature

it is

it has that time for now is a

computational penalty

takes a lot of time to calculate

so for fast

calculations

it may not be suitable so the problem is

for the easy quick and dirty

or the quick and easy solution the soft

string is very fast

for real time if you want okay i need

one second one second result

soft string is it runs in microseconds

milliseconds

so substrate takes time so people shied

away in using it but when it comes to a

high dog leg stresses of no cons is of

concern that it is easy to use it and

now most of the software including the

welcome

provides the free option you can just

select both the models and compare it

with

so later on the problem is

system is taking more time

so the question is do we need this

testing model all the way in the world

board

can i bypass a string string model

do i need to use soft string all the way

is it conservative in some places it may

not

so i introduced a hybrid alternating

model where automatically if it is

needed

stiff string will be run then it will

switch to soft string when the results

are very close enough

at the same time the displacement and

the forces are not compromised and it is

continuous

so that is the third method so that will

reduce the time

which the state string model is

is about

done these are all static model

if it is a tripping in what the what we

do is you just keep the string at one

depth analyze it and move the string to

another depth and analyze it and start

showing the results in a cumulative

manner

is there a way that we need to do real

time transient model when we start

comparing the real time analysis for

that we need a transient model the hook

load at a particular depth may not be

exactly same when you are pulling up

pulling the slacking off or removing

from the slip all these things so we

need to

capture the transient nature of the cook

load when we start calibrating and going

for micro invasive analysis of slack off

and pick up withdrawal

for that i

implemented a transient dynamic model

which gave a lot of interest

in the results which matched very well

with the real-time data with the high

frequency

data streams

so these are the models which will be

explained more in detail in the class

so next one is the tubular failure

we have calculated all these things we

have a good prediction

now what are the limits that i have

shown

failure that is the important one that

we see and we use this traditional

mechanical failure approach material

failure structural failure go through

the static

failure analysis whether it is brittle

or ductile

where the stress strain curve is

different what you can see

and if it is fatigue a lot of companies

do more

time-based fatigue analysis on a static

torque and drag you can see a simple

comparison
of quantifying the magnitude you're

going to fail

if you are not

taking proper precautions i'm not going

to cover on the buckling

buckling is a

difficult uh left side the failure will

cover more in the

class

so continuously on both the side limit

curves

there are four forces right internal

pressure

external pressure

real force

effective force than the talk the

combination

is important

so

we use the one mice's failure criteria

to compare

the limits

so as long as it is within the von mises

limit we are good so it gives a failure

a limit of one myself so we have all

these forces take into consideration and

also you have to see

we have to find the pressure difference

p i p 0 the bursts the collapse

have to be considered with probably on

the drilling side

we may not encounter this but when we

float the casing when we run the casing

these are all important so the coupled

variables with axial loading

is important and it has been well

studied and well documented we'll go

more in detail

as we study through this class

other topics of interest

in the design

of the tubular design

is pipe stiffness as we have seen pipe

stiffness

how do we transition between the pipes

blue collars heavy weights all these

things

bending stress ratios

then the important one is the friction

that is the starting point of all the

torque and drag calculation

now static friction

do we consider kinetic friction

with the static models

always use one friction factor or the

friction we don't use the coulomb

friction we call the friction factor

to wrap all the uncertainties into this

one

calibration factor

now

neutral point we have two forces true

forces and two forces true forces and

the effective forces

you saw that neutral point is different

which one do we use it

when we do the softening model

how do we magnify the stress i don't

want to use the stiff string model

you're saying the stresses are not

properly calculated it may be

underestimating it's okay can i magnify

it still using this

soft string model

bending stress magnification factors are

introduced so that will magnify to a

certain level

so that it matches with a stiff string

model

ultimately it may negate

the positive side of the statistic model

if it is properly applied

then buckling limit factors i have not

covered the buckling in this uh session

but you will see a lot of buckling

models someone eight buckling models

with different coefficients

which want to do it

they are analytical models done in a lab

verified in a

lab of 50 feet pipe eight inch pipe with

a aluminum pipe

does it work with downhole

we have seen differently in a test tube

of 2000 feet

the traditional very sinusoidal buckling

helical buckling and lock up

we have seen

sinusoidal buckling and straight away

going into lockup without passing

through the helical mode

so these are the things how do we

calibrate so buckling limit factor is

the one that will help you to calibrate

the buckling models

the bending stress

strength which i have covered earlier

then overpower calculations or per

calculation how much margin is needed if

in case the thing is stuck

what are the effects of the pipe in the

hole

what are the pipe strengths

do we know the pipe to class

what about the effect of

the temperature duration so these are

all the calculations that we need to

take into consideration then it is the

overpull then comes the slip crushing

when you're pulling now you're really

releasing the load on the slip so that

it can go and

it can hold

most importantly when we have a very

deep wells in offshore that it is

important that the torque drag models

can help

in estimating it finally catching where

the the pipe that is being worn out uh

how much it is getting degraded

we don't consider

a lot

there's all these eagle food worlds

i was planning to estimate how much

casing has been known out approximately

so the casing where is an important one

on the goal integrity value chain

but it hinges on

the torque and drag calculations which i

will show in a later slide

so

guessing where it is a puzzle

contact force where factors groove

positions where logs elbow now contact

force where you have a friction factor

now we have a casing where that is

another

factor

which was done 30 years back now i have

initiated a jip and

with new materials the technology has

changed

it's no more a

black box so more

details are emerging from the newer

factors that will be integrated into

this calculation and we can calibrate

also later

using the wear logs and the other

surface

now the question is we have two models

first string system

contact forces are not same as soft

string

what shift string has the well-defined

contact point based on the model as well

as on the

workbook

now if the contact points are not

properly estimated

then your wire factor wire estimation

casing wire volume wire is going to be

wrong

in the soft string it is going to assume

it is going to touch all the way

whereas the sifting model will take into

consideration where the contact points

are and that also on 360 degree

where you can see the groove overlapping

depending on the operation you may have

a different contact point when you are

tripping in and when you are pulling out

it may be different contact point so the

where grooves may

may not overlap

so sometimes we may overestimate soft

string may give a conservative estimate

is not true all the time

you can see as i said it can touch at

different different points in the same

well

and it may be different for the same

depth

for different

operations so this i tie it with all

these things to the well design

eventually it all depends on the contact

between the wellbore and the string i

started with the string

now we have to go with the weld design

i'm not going to cover different types

of world designs and everything but the

classes you will see how they are

related and how you can quantify it

and estimate it in a coupled manner of

full design and well path and strict

design so it gave it gives quality of

the wellbore

lead

side forces are important which you can

see

running of the logging tools

well both stability the direction that

you need to go

uh let's site forces less tortuous and

less

impact on the tools that we use

and if the string is vibrating i have

not touched upon the

ghosting mechanics vibrations and

bilateral

that

is another

topic

that we need to deal with so what

happens when we start

when the string starts vibrating the

impact forces are

important how much is the magnified the

contact force how much it is going to

affect the casing work

so we have to reduce the side forces the

wall path can be tweaked

in such a way that this forces can be

reduced thereby you have less torque

less drag

and also

artificially induced

wellbore destabilization and

higher increased vulnerable sizes

so welfare optimization is important

when you look at it optimize to all

planning methods there are different

methods available now one click you can

get a different optimized lpath not only

one path you can also in a pad or

multiple pads or multiple wealth

optimized tortuosity method dog

flexibility

or you can compare the absolute and

relative tortuosity

and that is another one well more

torsion

that is important torsion is different

from tortuosity

torsion defines how the wellbore is

twisting

with reference to the plane of space

so that can tell

how the wellbore is spiraling whether it

is a right hand spiral or a left hand

spiral always we talk about

right hand walk and left hand walk of

the bit but how the elbow is spiraling

is important at some point it can flip

based on some other

survey analysis

another one is the well profile energy

based on this coupled goal path with the

distinct mechanics you're connecting

through the energy of the strain energy

or the bending energy or the twist

energy so that you can minimize

not only the well path but also the

energy of the

string

then drag force minimization

another one is considering the

productivity of increasing the lateral

length

we cannot increase the lateral length as

we want

not only on the mechanical limitation

but also the

hydraulics limitation

production limitation that we need to

take into consideration so these are all

the important things that we need to do

it and it ties back to the

infographics i said each and every

incremental change that will result to

more than two percent that we want to do

it

uh reservoir exposure which i have

touched upon well both trajectory

complexity incident angle different

catenary design for extended rage torque

and drag all this thing now we can drill

a long lateral length but the question

is whether we can run the casing to the

bottom is important that is the run

ability of the casing if we cannot run a

casing or a completion string

then it is of no use just extending the

lateral length so this all have to be

tied with that which will be covered in

the length optimization speaking of

optimization

it's a three days class which i cover

extensively optimization and real-time

optimization

but i will

go through quickly

[Music]

a difference and the st still the

industry

is confused between the performance

efficiency and of optimization i will

give more examples in the class but i

will just

go through skim and hop through some

high level slide

what is performance
it is measurable dependent on achievable

relevant

and based on time we have a kpi then use

fixer performance and performance

criteria if it is achieved now everybody

is achieving next year you

move the scale then

you compare it efficiency we clearly

know right input and output it is the

ratio of output that we are getting to

the input that is based into the system

same similar to mechanical specific

energy where you are putting

energy into the system how much you are

getting operation dependent upon output

and efficiency that we can calculate and

it takes the

it involves the risk as we move closer

closer to achieving higher efficiency

now optimization is a mathematical

technique

or a heuristic method that you find out

the maxima or minima

that is the objective function that what

you want to achieve

subjected to some constraints people

process technology you have different

constraints now wait on which is a

constraint flow rate may be a constraint

pressure losses may be a concern and

what do you want to achieve whether you

want to maximize rope or you want to

minimize energy all these things

that needs to be taken into account so a

lot of topics

by

nature on his own right you can do

optimization

just double path optimization or

wellbore optimization or flat time

reduction

but you can also do a system of system

approach of a comprehensive optimization

then it becomes a very complex

conditions with multiple variables but

all i want to see is a simple 2d chart

or a 3d chart weight on bit and rpm what

is my torsional instability

where this is my lateral instability

what is my maximum variation bit that

you can apply i can apply without

failing

what are the rop

as the bit wire coupled

couples

how does it go down be great whole

cleaning maximum rpm in case of mud

motor what is the stall rpm all these

things
uh

msc hydro mechanical specific energy i

can narrow down based on this constraint

what is my stable optimized region i can

consider this as the opto satisfies the

condition where

i am okay with this

all these conditions are not going to

happen and still i have a complex system

so i may not be able to exactly

narrow down the space so i have an

uncertainty or probabilistic estimate

over this so that i have a probabilistic

optimization model

now

hydraulics optimization the traditional

hsi and impact flow which are used but i

will show some of the pitfalls

when if you are using mud motor

it is completely different because it is

an energy converting machine that we are

putting inside

that needs to take into consideration

dynamic optimization

as we move on to the real time uh i

think there is a typo it's a real-time

uh physics

and the data driven model

that takes into consideration of both

the micro services in real time and come

up with an overlaid uncertainty model

this is a three-way coupling usually

people talk about data driven i you give

me data i can

use some glorified regression model and

fit it and predict it

it's not

it doesn't know the physics it doesn't

know the domain

physics it knows the fundamental physics

but we built all these things based on

assumptions

so the both will hand hold in such a way

that

maybe 70 physics and 30 data or 30

physics 70 data so that they adjust the

model in such a way that you have a

better prediction and still we deal with

a high aspect ratio system a lot of

uncertainties we don't have a lot of

lot of

sensors so we have the probabilistic

estimation if your input or stochastic

in nature output is going to be in

stochastic in nature so this gives a

three-way coupling

uh that we need to use it that is much

better than the hybrid model now people

have introduced a hybrid model a few

years maybe 10 years back now this is a

three-way coupling that will have a

better prediction as compared to the

pure physics or pure data

i'll touch upon only one

component mud motor

mud motor has a long history

impulse turbo drill single stage then we

started using percussion hammers in 84

then came the pdm and the positive

displacement motor now we call

generically as the mud motor

electrode drill motor g introduced then

re-tested it

didn't

get into that

traditional

daily use

miscellaneous downhole motor but i will

concentrate in the class on the mud

motor what are the intricacies very

simple machine that could not be

silenced in time it was once the

workhorse of the industry now it has

become a race house

so that is the one why it is positive

displacement why motor

what are the different configurations

what is the optimum selection that we

can use
different types of

configurations and

loops

and even wall

how we can

use under different scenarios

what are the failures or the losses even

though they are

very good

now it can build vertical

built and lateral

but still it has

limitations that we need to do it and

what happens

when we put it in a motor configuration

always use the three-point configuration

but what are the fallacies what are the

failures what are the pitfalls of using

this model

and how you position

the benzer

along with the mud motor that will be

covered then mud motor operational road

maps will be comprehensively covered in

this class which covers the power

section detail different designs

operational envelope performance curves

what are the effects of using the

traditional surface measured performance

curves

to calibrate the downhill performance of

the motor what are the effects of pipe

rotation that is when the mud motor is

in the rotary mode what are the

limitations that we need to do

sometimes it will go into the

pumping mode rather than a motor option

pipe rocking and motor operation the msc

how the traditional msc equations are

valid there are a lot of wrong equations

given in the

industry but we have to consider that

also dynamics of the mud motor what

happens when we have a mud motor in the

system it is an incurrent source of

vibration because it rotates

eccentrically

so how do we take into consideration

when the mud motors are used

how the prediction of vibration

frequency from the software or reliable

when a mud motor is there so i'll cover

that also in the class repair and

maintenance of course a final one

for all the classes i teach you will get

a free book either apply drilling

engineering optimization i think 400

pages five five won't solve the problems

of calculations and you can see the

problem and the answer solutions

then mud motor

there are two books one is the mud motor

basic design 400 pages and mud motor and

well engineering another 400 pages so he

get

one book along with the

class

uh with that

thank you for listening and happy to

answer any question and i will give it

back to susa

great thank you robelo i want to remind

our listeners today that you can use the

go to west webinar question feature to

pose your questions because you are

muted and you will be anonymous

and i'd like to thank you for attending

today's webinar later today you'll

receive a link to the recording of the

webinar an evaluation form and a link to

register for dr samuel's class applied

drilling engineering optimization

for drilling engineers it's scheduled

for

may 2nd through 5th in live online

formats that's 8 to noon

central time

and
august

through 30th in midland texas in person

dr samuels also teaches applied drill

string mechanics for drilling engineers

and the principles and practices of mud

motor for sca

so um be sure and put your questions in

the chat

um

dr samuel you talked a little bit about

how the mud motor has gone from being a

workhorse to a racehorse could you

expand upon that comment a little bit

please

yeah

earlier uh

that's a good question what cause it was

used to just uh

for sight packing and other things right

so very specific purpose

whether it is a mud motor coring or site

racking or

deviating the well

uh

when it is needed they go for

mud motor

now the shell play has completely

changed the landscape now they say okay

rotary cerebral came

now that's the end of mud motor

that is the final nail on the coffin of

mud motor what happened

we use

mud motor behind rotary shearable we

need

power to rotary shareable it because

it's called the motor assist rotary

steerable agitators

use power section of mud motor

now with uh the race causes okay i need

to

have the mud motor that can drill my

vertical left the build and lateral in

six days

can you give a mud motor

we are reaching the point that you don't

need any other tool

that is the fastest

tool that it can rely upon that goes in

one round right that's why now earlier

okay lateral section we'll use mud mode

then it became okay can we use it in uh

no it was in the curve section then okay

can we use it for the rest of the wall

then can we use it to the vertical

we are talking about in hours right we

don't talk about vertical curve and

lateral in days

so that is
it may not be the racehorse for the

world but it is definitely the resource

for the shale place

yeah

so you uh focused on the eagleford play

and part of your presentation could you

talk about the challenges that we might

encounter with h2s and the eagleford and

some of the drilling techniques you've

been discussing

yeah hts

is completely when it comes the toxic

gases i think it is completely different

because

the crotian

handling of the tubulars are important

i don't cover much on the class but i'll

try to cover the duration or

how to derate the pipes

based on the strength and what are the

special pipes that we need to take into

casing designs and other things so that

we have a long term sustainable

production

we have to consider two things one is

the drilling through h2s and in some

places

it may not have a long after long time

due to injection of waters uh

brine then it becomes a

hds

producing well

then we have to take care of the

pipes too so these are two things uh

specifically on the casing side

i don't cover more on the casing design

per se uh theo question hts is i think

not covered on the classes

okay

you spoke about the sinusoidal buckling

method as being the traditional method

could you uh give us some more

information comparing that with the

uh helical beckling method

yeah

it's

the traditional

laptops have revealed and also the

industry standard is as you apply load

to the string

or compressive load at the bottom the

string

goes into bending then it's the

sinusoidal buccal when the buckling

limit of the past life force is exceeded

and it moves to the sinusoidal buckling

or it is called the lateral buckling or

a snaking buckling

now if you start applying more and more

it goes into a 3d mode of helical

buckling with a certain pitch

and amplitude which is constrained by

the elbow

then you start applying more and more

now if the friction is along the string

along the valve bore the clinical

pipe

now you apply more and more then it will

go into lockup where the transmission of

surface weight

to the bottom weight on bit is

zero or two percent something right

whatever limit you can put

then you go on apply it may go into

permanent deformation then uh

you cannot go back into the elastic

region

so that now

people have researchers have developed

at what

force it is going into sinusoidal

buckling

then

what force it is going to go into

helical buckling so it is 2.14 all these

some coefficients the users the

researchers have come up with different

different coefficients compared to that

so you just multiply by the coefficient

of the sinusoidal buckling force that

will be the helical buckling force now

which number is

correct 2.4 or 2.4

5 or 4.1 something

so

it doesn't translate the down hole

that's why there are calibration methods

we can do a simple test

uh of or if you have download sub it is

easy to do it so

that we can go through that more in

detail on the class unless we put some

numbers and show rights

very good

and and could you compare and contrast

the um

with the torgindred the hybrid

alternating model with the dynamic model

i think you said it helps to capture the

transient nature of the hook load could

you tell us more about that

yeah the hybrid model is

now

just uh i'll

quickly explain now you're in a uh

[Music]

tangent section pure tangent section no

undulation
now you put a pipe it will be always on

the low side right now

i do the calculation using soft string

and stiff string

it will be very close

so it may not have any effect of running

say 10 000 feet of tangent section in

shift string getting

almost

same result

so obviously even the displacement also

along the wall board may not be

different

leaving aside the end file

so

for that i don't need i can switch to

soft string then automatically

at a certain point it will switch to the

stiff string where the stiffness

have to be considered so there is a

method that already i published it and

also

soft string in a

place where

we may consider soft it may not be right

now

based on the stiffness calculation we

know at what point we need to go switch

into soft string or switching and also

we don't want to do it every feet okay

substring one feet and another one it's

district so it is the length that

automatically it will find out then it

will go into

the next sweep

the transient model is the dynamic the

friction is not in one direction as the

pipe is moving pipe can move up and down

the friction direction changes whereas

in the traditional static model the

direction is only one uh one direction

right if you are tripping in the

friction force acts in the other

direction

but when you have the energy of force

that when you are tripping in the pipe

can move up and down also so the

friction can't reverse which will

be taken into account

in the transient torque and drag model

which you can also read it in the sp

papers but i will cover more on the

details of the model where all these

three models will fail

the transient model will give more

predictive

results

at what

from zero to say time 1 then time t1 to

type 2 probably it may be matching with

all the static model then time t2 to

time 3

it may be oscillating

it will be more of use

in the real time calibration to find out

to more slack off and the pickup would

drag

and also when we do when we move into

the automation

mode

the next question why would you

recommend an rss over a mud motor for a

deviated well with an inclination angle

of 36 degrees

what rfs

this is uh what they wrote rss

when do we use rss

yes

yeah but in this

class i don't cover rss

i think

it's mainly on the mud motor fight

targeting

the shale place and rss also used

but

it's not a issue to include when we use

it and

because not all the shell players use

mud motor right so it uh

it's a combination wherever it is needed

it is needed and

also there are models that when we use

rss when we use mud motor based on the

cost

and ultimately how do you optimize it

based on the lateral length

that's why i always call the motor the

raw

ratios that can match with the rotary

ceiling

very good

we've reached the end of our hour today

so thanks for attending today's webinar

later today you'll receive a link to the

recording of the webinar with an

evaluation form and a link to register

for dr samuel's class on applied

drilling engineering optimization for

drilling engineers

scheduled for may 2nd through 5th 2022

live online

to noon central time and august 29th

through 30th 2022 in midland texas

in person dr samuels also teaches

applied drill string mechanics for

drilling engineers and principles and

practices of mud motor for sca

thanks for attending

goodbye