Regional Geology

Regional geology of Sisira Hydro Electric Power Plant (HEPP) project refers to The Geology of the
Sidikalang Quadrangle, Sumatera, scale of 1:250.000, issued by Geological Research and Development
Centre Bandung in 1983 as shown in the figure below.

Weir Scale
Puk 0 1 2 3 4 5 km

Qvt Legend:
Qh Alluvium

Qvt Toba Tuff

Qvt Tmba Barus Formation
Tmvp Pinapan Volcanic Formation
Tmba Tmvp
Power House Puk Kluet Formation

Strike and dip of beds

Qvt Qh Inferred Fault, concealed beneath Qvt

Figure-1: Regional Geological Map around Project Site

The Geology of the Sidikalang Quadrangle, Sumatera can be divided into 5 geologically physiographic
province units, they are The Coastal Plains, Barisan Foothills, Barisan Mountains, Toba Plateau, Toba
Volcano-Tectonic Depression. According to the map, project site is located in Barisan Mountains which is
sharply defined by a major fault zone. Elsewhere it is less clear although it approximately follows the
unconformity at the base of the Tertiary. The Barisans, underlain mainly by Pre-Tertiary sedimentary
and igneous rocks, are rugged hills with summits from 700 to 2000 m above sea level (ASL).

According to The Geology of the Sidikalang Quadrangle, Sumatera, the lithostratigraphic distributed on
and around Sisira HEPP project area, as follows:

 Kluet Formation (Puk), composed of metaquartzose arenites, metawackes, slates and phyllites.
This formation is Late Carboniferous to Early Permian age.
 Barus Formation (Tmba), composed of sandstone, calcareous mudstone, minor limestone, basal
conglomerate. This formation is Middle Miocene age.
 Pinapan Volcanic Formation (Tmvp), composed of andesites, hypabyssal and pyroclastic. This
formation isMiddle Miocene to Late Miocene age.
 Toba Tuff (Qvt), composed of rhyodacitic tuff, welded in part. The formation is Pleistocene age.
 Allium (Qh), composed of gravels, sands and clays. This unit is Holocene age.
Drainage is immature in the mountain and on the Plateau. It is dendritic on the gross scale although
locally controlled by faulting especially along the Sumatra Fault System (SFS). The rivers mature rapidly
where they emerge from the Barisans and meander across the Coastal Plains. The Toba Tuff are acutely
incised by rivers, which run in deep, narrow gorges. Downstream the rivers have cut down completely
through the Tuffs, re-exposing older formation and the old river conglomerate.

Sumatera is dissected by the Sumatera Fault System (SFS), a product of oblique subduction in this sector
of the Arch which seems to continue northwards into a system of transform faults in the active
spreading centre in the Andaman Sea. A section of the main zone of the SFS crosses the Sidikalang
Quadrangle.