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•Module 1 Section 1
National Diploma
Human Resources Management and Practices
NQF 5
SAQA ID: 61592
 Communication Within The Business Environment

Communication - “A process of transmitting ideas, information or attitudes by the use

of symbols, words, pictures or figures from the source (who is the originator of the
message) to a receiver, (the recipient of the message) for the purpose of influencing
with intent.”

The purpose of communication is passing a message or information, clearly and

unambiguously, to another person or group of people.

Communication is only successful when both the sender and the receiver understand
the same information as a result of the communication.

http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-communication-definition-importance.html (study.com, 2017)

 Components Of Communication

Sender The sender is the entity that conveys or sends the message.

Message Is what is being transmitted from sender to receiver.

Encoding Is a process through which the message is symbolised.

Channel Channel is the medium through which message is being sent.

Receiver Is the entity that receives the message.

Decoding Is the process in which the message is translated and meaning is

generated out of it.

Feedback Is the process through which receiver sends his/her response.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Btj94IHVc6I (The Communication Process Model Captioned, 2013)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXzH4wZi3VM (Elements of Communication, 2013)
 Communication Process Models

• Shannon – Weaver Model

• Derivative models of the communication process:

• An Intermediary Model

• An Interactive Model

• A Transactional Model

• A New Model of the Communication Process

 Communication Categories

Communication channel types: Types of communication:

• Formal communication channel • Oral communication
• Informal communication channel • Written communication
• Unofficial communication channel • Body language

Forms of communication:
• Verbal

• Non-verbal

Classification of forms of communication:

• Intrapersonal communication
• Interpersonal communication

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0cIo0PkBs2c (Sindal, 2015)

http://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-communication-formal-informal-grapevine-verbal-non-verbal.html (study.com, 2017)
 Communication Theories

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Cognitive Dissonance Theory argues that the experience of dissonance (or

incompatible beliefs and actions) is aversive and people are highly motivated to avoid
it. In their efforts to avoid feelings of dissonance, people will avoid hearing views that
oppose their own, change their beliefs to match their actions, and seek reassurance
after making a difficult decision.

Communication Accommodation Theory

This theoretical perspective examines the underlying motivations and consequences

of what happens when two speakers shift their communication styles.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Y17YaZRRvY (Luttrell, 2016)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAto1WlzedU (mmartin483, 2011)
Barriers To Effective Human Communication

• Physical barriers

• System design

• Attitudinal barriers

• Ambiguity of words/phrases

• Individual linguistic ability

• Physiological abilities

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ma3fjIaJlDE (Get Knowledge, 2016)

 Meetings

An effective meeting has the following characteristics:

• Objectives are achieved

• An open forum for discussion is created

• Within a controlled environment

• Members keep to the point

• Decisions are clear and unambiguous

• Time is monitored and controlled

• Outcomes have been reached

 Types Of Meetings

Meetings can either be Public or Private.

Basic types of meetings:

• General meetings

• Management or executive committee meetings

• Subcommittee meetings
 Discussions

4 Ps of leading discussions:
1) Purpose

2) Preparation

3) Process

4) Practical action
 Workplace Reports

A report is a communication in which the writer (speaker, if it is an oral report)

gives information to an individual or organisation because it is his or her
responsibility to do so.

Classification of reports:
• Subject

• Frequency of issue

• Function

• Formality

• Physical factors

• Reader-writer relationships
 Presentations

A Presentation is a fast and potentially effective method of getting things done through
other people. In managing a project, presentations are used as a formal method for
bringing people together to plan, in order to monitor and review its progress.

Presentation display

People within your organisation need to see evidence of decisive planning and
leadership so that they are confident in your position as their manager. They need to
be motivated and inspired to undertake the tasks which you are presenting. Project
Leaders from other divisions need to be persuaded regarding the merits of your
project and to provide any necessary support. Senior management should be
impressed by your skills and ability in order for them to provide the resources
necessary for you and your team to complete certain projects/tasks.
 Presentations

Presentations provide a platform for questions and initiates discussions. Through

Presentations you can raise issues, present problems and establish who amongst
the audience could provide valuable input into your decision making. It creates a
pool of skills you can utilise.