- BLUE ECONOMY -

JAHANGIR'S VOL 14 ISSUE VII APRIL'21

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:I ECONOMICS

Pakistan's New Strategic Dlr�ctian

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 [tONTENTS

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62 Faqir Chand Kohli
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INTERNATIONAL
12 I Trump's Four Years in the White House
16 I The Moscow Conference
23 I Conflict and Food Security
24 I Reimagining the Future
28 I Turkey's New Economic Reforms
30 I Saudi Arabia1s Labour Reform Initiative
LI
NATIONAL
35 I Biden Needs A New Pakistan Policy
40 I Pakistan-Afghanistan Border Fence
44 I Strategic Police Reforms in Pakistan
46 I FATA's Merger with KP
50 I Tax Measures to Boost Investment
52 I The Power of Womenomics
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53 Catfishin g
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97 Science Illustrated
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J §B Seven Pieces of Land
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1081 World in Focus 4

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� EXAM PACK INTERVIEWS
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71 Grey List of FATF 94
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74 Social Protection Solved Past
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76 Economic Statecraft Papers
771 The Ro le of Universities
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86 Brief British History
88 I Energy Crisis in Pakistan

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I Magazine Desk
I his virtual address at the International Fund for Agricultural eat better and many of us would do well lo eat less. We can produce food with
I
I Development (!FAD) moot, Prime Minister lmran Khan greater respect for nature, we can stop the pollution of our lakes, rivers and
reminded the world that some 600 million people suffer from oceans. We can produce more with less water and without dangerous
hunger, and 100 million v.ill be pushed inlo poverty because of chemicals.
I the impact that the pandemic has had on their lives. Even more About lFAD The International Fund for Agricultural Development
worrying 1s that some estimates put the
numbers even higher. In his address, the (!FAD) is an international financial institution and a
PM floated an ambitious five-point agriculture �p�J���!J{�}��,'.frt�e,' specialized agency of the United Nations. ll formally
development agenda for the world that would, in any t, �-�'-���! �����-
e
-���a�-�(} came into existence on 30 November 1977, on which
other year, seem easily agreeable for most countries. ;, delivered. an address to the, date lhe agreement for its establishment entered into
1. We need to invest in sustainable agriculture �lna���1at ·s�ssi�n ·of't�e·�:;
c4t,._...J � . -..••, ..·. _,,_(. ·"t�. ,_. • ,..
force. It has its headquarters in Rome, Italy. I FAD and rts
infrastructure to facilitate transport, producuon and •·: Governing_ Council .of the ( operations are governed by the Agreement Establishing
distribution of agricultural inputs and food products, for ;�f�ter'natlonat F��d for/1 . . the International Fund for Agricultural Development.
.., • ·....:· .. ·• )1-f-_. ....� - ': -- �' l...: :-; • �
which the 'green lanes' created by China are a good Membership in lhe Fund is open lo any member slate of
:·· �9".£U!!u!..aJQ:v�t�P..'!!e�t ;_>
��!�.J� _B�'!l;•�'!���•�!�,
example. the United Nations or any of its specialized agencies, or
2. Governments need to more actively ensure adequate ·.Qf�D)
�..-:-virtual format: Describing ;
of the lnternauonal Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The
and fair prices for agricultural and food products. "The t i. :;,,•'
....._agriculture ,...,. :\;,t;;-.-;-,-· •'! :•--',1
as.central tot:·
"' Fund's resources come from Member contributions,
so-called magic of the marketplace should be balanced special contributions from non-Member Stales and
-··. . .·-:
·�,•.human
·.'·i�'
...
·
')

s i.trviv
)"./ ' :'" '(...
l'h-e ·'...· '
,• ••• �,....... J.
a
with a very visible hand of the state. We in Pakistan : �.--4c..,,, · • •. } other sources, and funds derived or to be derived from
have suffered from market manipulations by .. : p r oposed a
•,-�. . -· ' ..' -;; , •.. I J# • .
five-point : ,
operations.
monopolists and hoarders. Farmers should not be left to agenda to'end poverty and The objective of the Fund is to mobilize additional
lhe mercy of lhe corporations; at the same time, :; hu.riger irotii the world by resources to be made available on concessional tenms
international agricultural trade must be rationalised. The Investing i� sustainable primarily for financing projects specifically designed to
huge agriculture subsidies provided by certain richer improve food production systems, the nutritional level of
·agriculture development,
economies distort global markets and make it the poorest populations in developing countries and the
· ensuring adequate and fair
impossible for farmers in the developing countries to conditions of their lives. IFAD mobilizes resources and
compete.
prices of food products, knowledge through a dynamic coalition of the rural poor,
3. The new and breakthrough agricultural technologies applying new technologies governments, financial and development institutions,
and techniques must be consciously applied to and rethinking patterns of non-governmental organizations and the private sector,
enhance food production, ensure efficient usage of food consumption and including cofinancing. Financing from non­
water and land, and, above all, improve seed quality. production. replenishment sources in the fonm of supplementary
IFAD and the FAQ can play an important role in this funds and human resources fonms an integral part of
context. IFAD's operational activities.
4. The adoption of digital technologies is as vital in IFAD has 177 member states that meet every year to
agriculture as in other economic sectors. Ensuring internet and broadband take part in IFAD's Governing Council, our highest decision-making body. It
access to the rural areas will be vital for their integration into national and works in partnership with the Organization of the Petroleum Exportin g
global supply chains. Countries (OPEC) and members of the Organisation for Econo mic
5. We must rethink our patterns of food consumption and production. We can Cooperation and Development (OECD). f!J

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Aghaztaleem
 Aghazetalee,m.com

M. Sheraz
As the May J deadline for America to On March 18, just six weeks before a deadline - agreed last year - to
withdraw its troops from Afghanistan withdraw US troops from Afghanistan, Russia hosted a one-day
draws close, efforts are afoot to conference as part of an intense diplomatic push to jumpstart a stalled peace
speed up the peace process there. process in this war-torn country. At the conference, Russia, the United States,
The latest sign of this came after China and Pakistan - the expanded troika on the Afghan settlement - called on
a meeting was convened in Moscow Afghanistan's warring sides to reach an immediate ceasefire. In a joint statement, the
u meeting participants called on the Taliban to abandon plans for a spring offensive. The
featring Afghan stakeholders, as well
as representatives of regional and conference aimed to reinvigorate negotiations that have been taking place between the
global players, to try and hammer out Afghan government and the Taliban in Qatar's capital Doha, largely stalled over
some sort of deal, and salvage the very government's accusations that the insurgents have failed to halt violence. The
Moscow talks included US Special Representative Zalmay Khalilzad, along with
modest successes that have been achieved
officials from Pakistan and China. Washington has embraced Russia's role in
by the Afghan government, the Taliban and the
the Afghan negotiations, forming an unlikely partnership on the issue. The
us. Moscow conference was the first time the US had sent a senior
At the talks hosted by Russia in Moscow, the United representative to talks on Afghanistan under a format launched by
States, Russia, China and Pakistan called on Russia in 2017.
Afghanistan's warring sides to reach an immediate
ceasefire. Just six weeks before a deadline for the United National Reconciliation (HCNR) Abdullah Abdullah, and a
States to pull out troops that have been in Afghanistan for Taliban delegation led by the group's political deputy
nearly 20 years, Russia has hosted these crucial talks as the Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar, were also present.
Kremlin pushes for a ceasefire and power-sharing After extensive talks, the US, Russian, Chinese and
agreement in the war-ravaged nation. Pakistani officials urged representatives from the Afghan
The Moscow talks were meant to breathe life into government and the Taliban to commit to an immediate
negotiations between the Afghan government and the ceasefire. A joint statement issued at the end of the
Taliban in Qatar's capital Doha, stalled over government conference said, "We call on all parties to the conflict in
accusations that the gro,up has done too little to halt the Afghanistan to reduce the level of violence in the countrY,
violence. "At this tu.ming point, our four countries call on and the Taliban Movement not to declare a spring-su mmer
the sides to hold talks and reach a
peace agreement that will end more
than four decades of war in
Afghanistan," a joint statement
said after the talks.
Washington sent a senior official to
participate in regional peace talks
convened by Russia. /\n Afghan
delegation led by the chair of
Afghanistan's High Council for

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Aghazetaleem.com
 l
Conflict and Food SeC:urity i ..
If you don't feed people, you feed conflict!

I ..
.,....., - March 11, the Uniled Natio
(UNSC) started an open debatn
ns Securily Council
Jawad Ahmad
at-sight currews, and severing of all transport links, enforced
'- on lhe Impac
. t 0r now for nearlr GOO days, he explained, have prevented
�onn·Kt on food security with the concept note Kashmiri farmers from reaching I heir farmlands, resulting in
mvllmg members to discus
s the worsening food acule food shor1c1ges. Thousands of acres or farmland
security environments, rele
_
under inte
vant obligations remains untended. Agricultural producls 1ha1 constitute an
, rnational humanitarian law
challenges in mo bilizing resourc , and entire year's worlh of income for most farmers had perished
es for assistance. without reaching markels. Military siege has caused at least
fn his address, the UN Secre1ary General, Antonio Guterres
$3.S billion in economic losses 10 the civilian population. It is
said "Co�flict dri,·es �unger and famine; and hunger and
: _ not difficult 10 imagine !he plight or these people when they
famine dnve conn1ct. \\ hen a country or region is gripped
by cannol grow their own crops nor do they have money to buy
conflict and hunger, they become mutually reinforcing. They
foodstuff from the marker. In fac1, majorily of the shops have
cannot be resolved separately. Hunger and poverly combine also remained shut for most or the lime; hence, !hose with
wilh inequality, clima1e shocks, sectarian and ethnic tensions,
means of earning livelihoods other than agriculture have no
and grievances O\'er land and resources, 10 spark and drive steady incomes, either, for bu}ing decenl, even adequate,
conllict. At tbe same time, conflict forces people to leave their food. As Ambassador Akram pointed out, such deliberate
homes, land and jobs; disrupts agriculture and trade; reduces actions to coerce civilian population into submission
access to \'ital resources like water and electricity, conslilute violalions of UNSC Resolution 2417
and so drives hunger." (20 I 8), which for the first time recognised the
In his statement to the Security Council, Pakistan's link be1wecn hunger and connict, and the
Permanent Represen tative to the UN, Ambassador essential role or international humanitarian
J\lunir Akram, highlighted the plight of Kashmiris by law in pre\·cnting and
saying that over the last year and a half, since India addressing hunger in
imposed a siege on the territory in August 2019, the armed connicts, and inter
people of Occupied Kashmir have suffered an alia, calls for protecting
economic loss of S3.5 billion. They have civilians, sources of food
watched orchards full of apples go waste, production and distribution.
/
but no means to distribute or send out There arc at least two compelling
the produce to buyers. He added that reasons for the UNSC to work out
conflict is a major source of food , a strategy aimed at mitigating
insecurity across the globe, and the effects of conflict on the
Kashmir has become criminally Boo Kashmiri people. One, its own
trapped in the same situation. resolutions recognise
Ambassador Akram hit the right Kashmir as a disputed region
nodes as the deb.ite is of immense the future of which is to be
relevance to the prevailing situation decided by its people through
in Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu a plebiscite. Two, Article 40 of
and Kashmir (llOJK). Since India's the UN Charter mandates the
ultra-Hindu nationalist government C o u n c i l t o "p r e v e n t a n
changed the status of the disputed aggravation of the situation" and,
region in August 2019, setting out to among other measures, calls for
change the demographic composition of creation of conditions necessary for
its population, eight hundred million u n i m p e d e d d e Ii ve r y o· f
people have been forced to live in a state humanitarian assistance. The
of siege. Participating in the discussion, UN is not expected to play its
Ambassador J\lunir Akram described in role in addressing the cause of
detail how violent repression by the this conflict through peaceful
Del hi govern ment has deeply means. But if th� present debate
undermined the ability of Kashmiri is to ha\·e a meaningful
People to secure food for their outcome, India must be
fanulies. made to show some
The complete commun ications respect for internation
blackout, imposition of shoot- al
humanitarian l aw. !!)

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Aghazetaleem
Aghzetaleem
Aghazetaleem