IGCSE Global Perspective

Team Project

By- Ridhav kothari, Heer kothari, Jaldhi

Pithava and Janmejay kumpawat

Poverty and Inequality

Question: In light of the fact that poverty increases the gap between
social groups, what measures maybe taken to reduce inequality and its
effects?

We have chosen Yemen as our contry

Poverty
Poverty refers to the state of being poor, lacking sufficient resources or means to meet basic needs
such as food, clothing, and shelter. It can be defined in both absolute and relative terms. Absolute
poverty refers to a lack of the minimum resources necessary for a person or household to sustain a
basic standard of living, while relative poverty refers to a lack of resources compared to others in
the same society.

Inequality
Inequality refers to When resources, opportunities, or rewards are unequally distributed or
disparately among people, groups, or populations, it is referred to as inequality. It can take many
different forms, including economic inequality, social inequality, or political inequality, and it can
have a big impact on how easily individuals can get basic requirements and their general
well-being.
 Causes
In Yemen, there are several factors that contribute to poverty and inequality, such as ongoing conflicts, poor
governance, high unemployment rates, insufficient access to healthcare and education, and environmental
degradation. Further affecting poverty and inequality is the nation's prevalent reliance on oil exports, which has led to
economic instability and minimal diversification. The COVID-19 outbreak and the ensuing economic slump have also
made things worse for a lot of Yemenis.

11% of the world survives of $1.90 a day. The main cause of this is the way differing social classes are treated with
injustice by the government.

• Healthcare and benefits are issued, although, many regulations are in place averting groups of individuals from
receiving adequate help.

• Some individuals have finite or no access to important resources like education which is a necessity to get ahead.
Not everyone who had received limited education is living in poverty, however, people living in absolute poverty are
illiterate. Some individuals have finite or no access to important resources like education which is a necessity to
get ahead. Not everyone who had received limited education is living in poverty, however, people living in absolute
poverty are illiterate.

• Education minimal as basic reading skills could eliminate 171 million people from poverty.
Poverty and inequality have had a
profound impact on Yemen, leading to
a range of negative consequences for
the country and its people. Some of
these consequences include:
Lack of Access to Basic Services: Due to poverty and inequality,
many people lack access to essential services including clean
water, appropriate healthcare, and education. This has had a
terrible effect on people's health and happiness, especially women's
and children’s.

Insecurity: Poverty and inequality in Yemen have contributed to an

insecure environment, with crime and violence becoming more
common as people struggle to meet their basic needs.

Poor education: A lack of resources and widespread poverty have

led to a poor education system, with many children being unable to
attend school and receive an education.
 Global Perspective
As relative poverty and absolute poverty is increasing day by day, inequality caused by poverty
has also increasing.
In 2017 purchasing power parity, fewer people were living in absolute poverty than they were
thirty years before. However, the COVID-19 crisis' disruption in 2020 led poverty to increase,
breaking the trend. People living in absolute poverty increased from 70 million people to 700
million people. Global absolute poverty increased from 8.4% in 2019 to 9.3% in 2019.
Inequality and poverty are ongoing worldwide issues that have an impact on numerous nations
and regions. As of 2021, the World Bank estimates that 9.2% of the world's population, or
those who make less than $1.90 per day, live in extreme poverty. However, there are large
regional and global variations in poverty and inequality levels.
In sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, where a sizable portion of the population lives in
extreme poverty, poverty is generally most pervasive. In contrast, poverty rates are typically
lower in high-income nations, however particular populations, including migrants and native
peoples, may still face high levels of poverty.
The issue of inequality, both inside and between nations, is another serious one. A small
percentage of the populace controls a disproportionate amount of wealth and income in many
nations. This may result in social marginalization, political unrest, and unequal access to
fundamental services like healthcare and education.

An integrated strategy that incorporates social protection programmes, economic

development, and laws aimed at eradicating prejudice and fostering greater equity is
necessary to eliminate poverty and inequality.
 National Perspective
Yemen's economy, physical infrastructure, service delivery, health, and education sectors, as well as
the social fabric, have all suffered greatly as a result of the country's civil war, which began in 2014.
Yemen has also resulted in pressing, significant development concerns. As a result, millions of
people have perished. Many of them are brought on directly by war's violence, but some also result
from its unintentional effects, such as subpar housing and food shortages.
Yemen's national socioeconomic systems are on the edge of collapse after eight years of conflict,
and families are more vulnerable to infectious disease outbreaks as a result of the war, mass
displacement, and repeated climate shocks. By the end of 2022, 9.2 million children and more than
17.8 million individuals would not have access to services for safe water, sanitation, and hygiene.
Vaccine-preventable diseases like cholera, measles, diphtheria, and others continue to spread over
the country on a regular basis.
since poverty is increasing in Yemen only rich kids are able to get educated whereas the poor kids
are not able to learn or educate which highly affects the economy of Yemen as most of the youth of
the country is not able to educate.
 Local Perspective

With increasing capitalism over the past three decades, India is also known as one of the most
unequal nations. While those in extreme poverty have little access to essential services and those in
relative poverty barely make minimum wage, the privileged are getting richer. Due to medical debt,
this drove 63 million Indians into poverty. Access to several factors, including money, employment,
education, health, and living conditions, is influenced by both social and economic origins. One-third
of all incomes in India are earned by the wealthiest 10% of the population. Poverty results from this
difference in income. This inequality could be reduced by altering the way society views women in
the workforce. Despite the fact that 415 million people have been lifted out of poverty in the past 15
years, the country is still regarded as having the greatest percentage of poverty. This explains why
593 million children under the age of 18 and 94 million individuals over the age of 60 are considered
to be poor.
 Suggestions
Raising the minimum wage is one strategy for addressing inequality and poverty. Raising the minimum wage will
enhance the income of low-paid workers, allowing them to fulfil their basic requirements and live better lives.
Additionally, by reducing the income difference between lower-paid and higher-paid workers, raising the minimum
wage can lessen wage inequality.

For those are dealing with a financial crisis, subsidies can be a huge help. Subsidies, for instance, can be utilized to
give low-income people and families access to essential needs including housing, healthcare, education, and food.
By ensuring that everyone has access to the same opportunities and resources, this can help in reducing poverty and
inequality.

Government should build more hospitals which will help in decreasing unemployment and also will help in saving
lives of the people which will then further help people to not become a part of absolute poverty. for example: if there
is only a single person earning in one family and if the person dies then there are high chances that the family can
become a part of absolute poverty.

Also government should build more schools or education institutes which will also help in reducing unemployment
and will help in educating children who are the future of the world and as children will be educated they will be able to
get jobs or even high paying jobs which will help to reduce poverty in the future.