BSN102

BIOCHEMISTRY
CHEL04A

BIOCHEMISTRY BIOMOLECULES MONOMER POLYMER DISEASE

Monosacchar Diabetes
 The study of life at the molecular level Carbohydrates ide/glucose Cellulose mellitus
 It emerged as a distinct discipline around the Protein Sickle
beginning of the 20th century when scientists Protein Amino acids Subunit Cell
combined chemistry, biology and physiology to Anemia
investigate the chemistry of living system. Phospholipi Anterioscl
 Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of Lipid Fats d erosis
living things and life processes. This includes
organic molecules and their chemical reactions. Nucleic Genetic
Most people consider biochemistry to be Nucleic Adid acids/nucleot DNA Disease
ide
synonymous with molecular biology.

Structural and functional biochemistry

 focuses on discovering chemical structures &
3-D arrangements of biomolecules
Informational biochemistry
 defines language(s) for storing biological data
& transmitting it in cells and organisms
Bioenergetics
 the flow of energy in living organisms and how
it transferred from one process to another –
study of metabolism
Uses of Biochemistry
 Biochemistry is used to learn about the
biological processes which take place in cells Energy in Biological Systems
and organisms.
 Biochemistry may be used to study the Metabolism - is defined as the series of chemical
properties of biological molecules, for a variety reactions that keep a cell alive. Metabolic reactions
of purposes. are divided into two categories:
 Biochemistry may be used to study the
properties of biological molecules, for a variety a) Catabolism: the process of breaking down
of purposes. molecules to produce energy.
 Agriculture: Herbicides and Pesticides b) Anabolism: the process of synthesizing
 Medicine: Monocloning Antibodies molecules.
 Nutrition: Vitamins
 Clinical Chemistry: Biochemistry may be used How do monomers form polymers?
to study the properties of biological molecules,
for a variety of purposes. In condensation reactions (also called
 Pharmacology: penicillin dehydration synthesis), a molecule of water is
removed from two monomers as they are
BIOMOLECULES connected together.
 are polymers (Greek: poly + meros, many +
parts) Hydrolysis - In a reaction opposite to
 are derived from monomers (Greek: mono + condensation, a water molecule can be added
meros, single + part) amino acids (proteins), (along with the use of an enzyme) to split a
nucleotides (nucleic acids), monosaccharides polymer in two.
(polysaccharides), glycerol and fatty acids
(lipids)
 a molecule that naturally occurs in living
organisms.
 biomolecules consists primarily of carbon and
hydrogen, along with nitrogen, oxygen,
phosphorus and sulfur.
 important classes of biomolecules: proteins,
carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids