25

tan(x + y)
48. Determine the range of
tan x
given that
√
sin y = 2 sin(2x + y) .

Solution. Since
sin y sin(x + y) cos x − cos(x + y) sin x
=
sin(2x + y) sin(x + y) cos x + cos(x + y) sin x
tan(x + y) − tan x √
= = 2,
tan(x + y) + tan x
tan(x + y) √
so that = −3 − 2 2 = a constant.
tan x

49. A, B, C are acute angles such that sin2 A + sin2 B + sin2 C = 2. Prove that
A + B + C < 180◦ .
Solution. Equivalently, cos2 A + cos2 B + cos2 C = 1. Then, using the identity for
arbitrary angles A, B, C,
cos2 A + cos2 B + cos2 C − 1 + 2 cos A cos B cos C
= cos(S) cos(S − A) cos(S − B) cos(S − C) ,
where 2S = A + B + C, we have
cos A cos B cos C = 2 cos(S) cos(S − A) cos(S − B) cos(S − C) .
Since the left-hand-side is positive, it follows that 2S < π.
50. Determine the maximum and minimum values of
p p
a2 cos2 θ + b2 sin2 θ + a2 sin2 θ + b2 cos2 θ
where a and b are given constants.
p p
Solution. Let S = a2 cos2 θ + b2 sin2 θ + a2 sin2 θ + b2 cos2 θ. Squaring we
get, q
S 2 = a2 + b 2 + 2 (a4 + b4 ) sin2 θ cos2 θ + a2 b2 (cos4 θ + sin4 θ) .
Since cos4 θ + sin4 θ = 1 − 2 sin2 θ cos2 θ, the expression inside the radical can be
written as
(a2 − b2 )2 (sin2 2θ)
+ a2 b 2 .
4
Hence, the maximum and minimum are taken on for = π4 and 0, respectively,
p
giving Smax = 2(a2 + b2 ) and Smin = a + b.
tan 3x
51. Determine the range of values of
tan x
for x in [0, 2π].
Solution. Expanding out:
h i
8
(tan 3x)
1+ (1−3 tan2 x)
= .
tan x 3
1
Since tan x lies in the interval [0, ∞), the range consists of all values ≤ 3 and ≥ 3.