CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK, FRAMEWORK

OF THINKING AND HYPOTHESES

A. Description of the Theory

2.1 Writing
Writing is a process of formulating and organizing ideas in right words to deliver the
aim and present them on a piece of paper. According to Jones in Cooper and Odell
cited in Sumarsih (2019) writing is synonymous with discourse, and discourse will be
discussed in terms of its aims, it relate to the function of language, and in terms of its
feature, which are the separate elements, devices, and mechanism of language.
According to Hyland cited in Dely Alihasandi Subing (2021) states that writing is a
way of sharing personal meanings and writing causes emphasize the power of the
individual to construct his or her own views on a topic. In addition, students can share
anything they can think of in written form, as the written word is a unique force in
communicating their opinion on a particular topic. In writing allows the author to
communicate themselves to the reader. Hence, writing can be a method to express
what the author wants to share with the reader in written form since the author and
reader can indirectly connect through the writing text.

From definition above, the author conclude that writing is a process that transforms
information to the reader through thinking process that develops idea, feeling, and
opinion before putting the information on papers, so writing is a productive skill
because to make good writing, the author must use good rules that are appropriate in
writing.
 2.2 Descriptive Text
A descriptive text is a piece of writing that is intended to convey meaning to the
reader through sensory details and provides image to the reader Sanjaya, Mokhtar and
Sumarsih (2015).

B. The Relevant Studies

There were some studies about the use of realia. Awaliya, Ariyani, & Andayani
(2014) investigated through a quasi experimental research with posttest. The result
showed that the mean score of the control group was 49,37, while the experimental
group got 59,95 mean score.

According Mustika, Donal, & Husni (2018) entitled “The Effect of Using Realia
Object towards Students’ Achievement in Writing Descriptive Text at the Tenth
Grade of SMK Negeri 1 Tambusari Utara Riau” . The result of the posttest shiwed
that the mean score of the experimental group was higher, it was 51,3, and the mean
score of the control group was 39,6 mean score.

Markhamah (2016) did a study entitled “Developing Students’ Descriptive Text

Writing Ability through Realia at The Second Year of SMPN 2 Badar Mataram”. The
scoring is based on the five writing aspects. The result showed that the scores for all
aspects increased.

Widary (2016) also did an experimental research entitled “The Effect of Using Real
Object Things on the Tenth Grade Students’ Descriptive Writing Achievement at
MAN 2 Jember”. The result of the posttest showed that, the score of the experimental
group was 59.95, while the control group score was 49, mean score.
 Next, Andriyani (2017) (Andriyani, “Improving Students’ Descriptive Text Writing
Ability Through Realia at the Second Grade of MTS Raudhatul Muta’alimin, Way
Kanan, Lampung”., 2017 )conducted a quantitative research entitled (Andriyani) This
research only used one class at the experimental class. The result of the pretest was
30,60 and the mean score of the posttest was 55.40.

The studies above showed the success of realia in improving thtudents’ descriptive
paragraph writing achievement. Those researches encouraged the author to conduct a
further research with the similar topic.

C. Framework of Thinking
D. Research Hypotheses
Based on the review and the findings of the relevant studies, the author hypotheses
was “there is a significant Effects of Realia Towards Students’ Descriptive Writing
Ability at Seventh Grade Students’ of SMP PGRI Kramatwatu” in the academic year
of 2022/2023.
 REFERENCES

Andriyani. (2017 ). “Improving Students’ Descriptive Text Writing Ability Through Realia at the
Second Grade of MTS Raudhatul Muta’alimin, Way Kanan, Lampung”. Journal
Article.

Awaliya, Ariyani, & Andayani. (2014). “The Effect of Using Real Object or Realia on the
English Grade Students’ Descriptive Paragraph Writing Achievement at SMP
Argopono 2 Suci Panti Jember in the 2013/2014 Academic Year”. Article Ilmiah
Mahasiswa.

Markhamah. 2016. "Developing Students’ Descriptive Text Writing Ability through Realia at The
Second Year of SMPN 2 Badar Mataram ”. A Thesis. Journal Article.

Widary. (2016). "The Effect of Using Real Object Things on the Tenth Grade Students’
Descriptive Writing Achievement at MAN 2 Jember”. A Thesis. Journal Article.

Mustika, Donal, & Husni. (2018). "The Effect of Using Realia Object towards Students’
Achievement in Writing Descriptive Text at the Tenth Grade of SMK Negeri 1
Tambusari Utara Riau”. Journal of English Education. (Retrieved on 1 April
2019).