CRI 168 - LAW ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION

MODULE 1: EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF POLICING

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Trace the early development of policing.
2. Discuss the origin of police.

A. ORIGIN OF THE WORD "POLICE”

POLITEIA - Greek word which means government of the city.

Applied to civil officers not necessarily police officers.
POLITIA - Roman word which means condition of the State or Government.
POLICE - French word which was later adopted by the English language.
- Applied to persons who actually enforce the law
-English borrowed the word and used to describe to law enforcement officer
COPPER or COP (England) - COP from “Chief of Police”, “Constable on Patrol”
- European word “cop” which means to catch or seize.
“Patrouiller” is the french word of patrol which means to go through the puddles.(maputik)

B. ANCIENT POLICE

B1. ANCIENT BABYLON

A. Babylonian clay tablet - that shows a report from Babylonian officer to his Superiors.
B. “Temple guards and watchmen”- was mentioned in the Holy Bible whose duty is to protect the city and
arrest violators of King’s order.

B2. ANCIENT EGYPT

A. Medjay- Egyptians organized a police force. They are not members of the military force.
B. Vigiles- formed by Augustus, the first Roman Emperor, which means a purposeful or watchful staying awake.
They were armed with staves or wood or metal. They are tasked to keep peace and fight fires.

C. MIDDLE AGES

1. FRANKPLEDGE SYSTEM /MUTUAL PLEDGE - A community is divided into groups of 10 men

(TYTHINGS/TYTHINGMEN). They are responsible for the conduct of each other and to band together for their
community’s protection.
-Members are responsible to the arrest of the violator.
-Male over twelve(12) years old joined nine (9) of his neighbors to form TYTHINGMEN. (form police
works)
-Anyone who failed to join and perform this duty was severely fined.

2. HUE AND CRY -The complainant or victim goes to the middle of the community and shout to call all male
residents to assemble.
-The victim reports his complaint to the assembly.
- All male residents will go after the criminal and apprehend him.

3. SHIRE-REEVE SYSTEM
-“Shire” means district.
- Each county is being taken care of a “reeve”- a ruler who made laws, pass judgment and impose
punishment.
-A “reeve” is appointed by the King and directly reports to the King in its enforcement of laws and
order.
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-King Norman divided the kingdom into 55 military districts known as shire-reeves where shire was
used to refer to a district and reeve was used to refer to the ruler of that district. Said ruler made laws,
rendered judgment, and imposed penalties.

4. KEEPERS OF THE PEACE -King Richard of England (1195) commissioned certain knights to preserve peace in
unruly areas.
-They were responsible to the King for ensuring that the law was upheld, and preserved the “king’s
peace”.
-The knights were posted bridges and gates to check the people entering and leaving the town or cities.

Organization – is an association or group of individuals with a common goal. It is a structured group of

individuals and functions into a productive relationship.
Administration – refers to the general managing and organizing that occurs at the highest levels of an
organization.
Police Organization – a structured group of trained personnel dealt with achieving following goals and
objectives.
Law Enforcement is the prevention and control of crimes, enforcement of laws, and effecting the arrest of
offenders including the conduct of lawful searches and seizures to gather necessary evidence.

CHARLIES -Founded by King Charles II of England (1663)

-Called as “shiver and shake”-many were old and would run if they see trouble, or heard cry for help.

BOW STREET HORSE RUNNERS (thief catchers) -Founded by Henry Fielding.

-This group of privately paid persons was the first organized attempt at follow-up investigation of
crimes.
-HENRY FIELDING became the chief magistrate at bow street in London. He organized a group of men
known as BOW STREET RUNNERS (thief catchers). He roads thereby securing travelers from highway bandits.

LONDON METROPOLITAN POLICE -Founded by Sir Robert Peel (Father of Modern Policing)
-World’s first organized modern police force.
-Later on it was called as Scotland Yard.

SERGENT DE VILLE (Servant of the city) -The French were the first to established uniformed police officers.

RATTLEWATCH -It was organized in New York.

-King Charles II passed a law that provided for the employment of NIGHT WATCHMEN OR BELLMEN to
be on duty from sunset to sunrise. NIGHT WATCHMEN OR BELLMEN were known as RATTLE WATCH because
they carried rattles while on duty to inform the public of their watchful presence.

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MODULE 2: TRACING THE EVOLUTION OF POLICING IN THE PHILIPPINE SETTING.

Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. Trace the evolution of policing in the Philippine setting.
2. Discuss the evolution of policing in the Philippine setting.

A. Pre-Spanish era
In the Philippines, the “cabeza de barangay” was the head and the leader of a group of settlers (dayuhan). The
discipline and punishment, as well as the conduct of government were made by the Barangay Head. As the
population increased, the “cabeza” had to appoint certain trustworthy people to protect their villages. These
appointed people are the eyes and ears of the Barangay Head.
- A cabeza de barangay, also known as teniente del barrio, was the leader or chief of a barangay or
barrio in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. The post was inherited from the first datus who
became cabezas de barangay when the many independent barangays became tributary vassals of the Spanish
Empire.
- Under the gobernadorcillo was the cabeza de barangay or the head of barangay who collected taxes
locally.

GOBERNADORCILLO/CAPITAL MUNICIPAL - a municipal judge or governor in the Philippines during the

Spanish colonial period.

PRINCIPALIA or NOBLE CLASS - was the ruling and usually educated upper class in the pueblos of the Spanish
Philippines, comprising the gobernadorcillo (who had functions similar to a town mayor), and the cabezas de
barangay (heads of the barangays) who governed the districts.
B. Policing System during the Spanish Regime
1. Carabineros de Seguridad Publica - The first organized police force (1712) and is known as mounted police.
Its purpose is to carry out the regulations of the Spanish Government. The Carabineros are members of the
Spanish militia or rifleman.
-Royal Decree of December 20, 1842 change its name into "Cuerpo de Carabineros de Seguridad
Publica".
-It was well established that commissioned officers of the Carabineros de Seguridad Publica were filled
by Spanish army officer while Filipino can be admitted to the rank of Sergeants only.

2. Guardrilleros - By virtue of Royal Decree, January 8, 1836, the first rural police organization in each town
was created.
-There functions were maintaining public security and order, patrolling in dark and unsafe places,
guarding the tribunal of municipal building and prison houses.
-It was composed of 5% of the able bodied male inhabitants of each town.
-Once the a person was enlisted to be a part of cuardillo the person must serve for at least 3 YEARS.

3. Guardia Civil - It was created by virtue of Royal Decree, February 12, 1852.
- The purpose of its creation was to relieve the Spanish militia in its policing functions.
- It was composed of Filipinos under the command of Alcalde (Governor)
- A Royal Decree of 1868 modified the Royal Decree issued in 1852 in which the guardia civil was
reorganized along military libe with its officers and soldier drawn from the army of Spain. The Filipino declared
war against the spaniards and thereby, our own police force was established before the American influence us.

C. American Occupation:
1. Insular Constabulary - The Philippine Commission organized the insular police force through Act. NO. 175
on July 18, 1901. They were tasked to preserved peace, keeping order and enforcing laws.
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2. Manila Police Department - By virtue of Act No. 183 of the second Philippine Commission the Manila Police
Department was organized on July 31, 1901 under the leadership of Capt. George Curry as its first Chief of
Police.

3. Philippine Constabulary (PC) - It was organized on October 3, 1901 by virtue of Act # 255. Majority of the
personnel were Filipinos under the supervision of American Officers headed by Capt. Henry T. Allen being the
first Chief of PC. The Constabulary was the National Police Institution for preserving the peace, keeping order
and enforcing the law as provided under Section 825 of the Revised Administrative Code of 1917.

4. Bureau of Investigation - Act No. 181, November 1938, created the Bureau of Investigation, the
modification of Division of Investigation (DI) from the DOJ. On June 19, 1947, RA 157 was enacted which
created the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI).

D. Japanese Occupation:
KEMPEITAI - Japanese Military Police, held responsible in maintaining peace and order in Manila and adjacent
areas until Gen. Douglas Mc Arthur returned on Feb. 7, 1945.
KEMPEITAI - Military police of Japanese Imperial Army.
KEMPEI - Member of the Japanese Imperial Army.

Manila Police Department was renamed Metropolitan Constabulary under the supervision of the Bureau of
Constabulary.

PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM

JAN. 9, 1901 - METROPOLITAN POLICE FORCE OF MANILA was organized pursuant to ACT NO.70.

1. ACT 175 - “act providing for the organization and government of an Insular constabulary and for the
Inspection of the Municipal Police”. established on Aug. 8, 1901.

CAPT. HENRY ALLEN - FIRST CHIEF of the Philippine Constabulary in 1901.

2. ACT 183 - July 13 1901 created the MANILA POLICE DEPARTMENT.

CAPT. GEORGE CURRY - FIRST CHIEF of police of the Manila Police Department in 1901.

3. R.A. 4864 - otherwise known as the Police Act of 1966, enacted on Aug. 8, 1966; created the Police
Commission (POLCOM) as a supervisory agency to oversee the training and professionalization of the local
police forces under the office of the president; later POLCOM was renamed into National Police Commission
(NAPOLCOM).

RA 2678 - was enacted and this law provides the expansion of organization of the NBI. NBI is both an
investigative and research service agency.

MARTIAL LAW PERIOD

4. P.D. 765 - otherwise known as the INTEGRATION ACT OF 1975, enacted on AUG. 8, 1975; established the
INTEGRATED NATIONAL POLICE (INP) composed of the PHILIPPINE CONSTABULARY (PC) as nucleas and the
integrated local police forces as components, under the Ministry of National Defense.
- transferred the NAPOLCOM from the Office of the President to the Ministry of National Defense.

5. R.A. 6975 - DILG ACT OF 1990.

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6. R.A. 8551 - PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE REFORM AND REORGANIZATION ACT OF 1998.

7. R.A. 9708 - ACT EXTENDING FOR 5 YEARS THE REGLEMENTARY PERIOD FOR COMPLYING WITH THE
MINIMUM EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP)
AND ADJUSTING THE PROMOTION SYSTEM THEREOF, AMENDING FOR PURPOSE PERTINENT PROVISIONS OF
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6975 AND REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8551 AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

IMPORTANT FILIPINO PERSONALITIES IN THE EVOLUTION OF THE PHLIPPINE POLICING

1. BRIGADIER GENERAL RAFAEL CRAME - FIRST FILIPINO CHIEF of the Philippine Constabulary on DEC. 17,
1917.
- 1st Filipino Chief of Police of the PC.
2. COL. ANTONIO TORRES - FIRST FILIPINO CHIEF of the Manila Police Department in 1935.
- 1st Filipino COP when the MPD became an all Filipino Police Organization.
3. COL. LAMBERTO JAVALERA - FIRST CHIEF of the Manila Police Department after the Philippine
Independence from the United States of the America in 1946.
4. P/DIR GEN CESAR NAZARENO - FIRST CHIEF of the Philippine National Police.

MODULE 3: FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES AND CONCEPTS OF POLICE SERVCE AND TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL
STRUCTURE

Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. Identify countries that practice the home rule theory and continental theory.
2. Apply the concepts of police service.

FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE

A. HOME RULE THEORY

- This is practiced in the United States and in England where the governmental structure follows a
decentralized pattern.
- Policemen are civil servants whose key duty is the preservation of public peace and security.
- Law enforcers or policemen are regarded as servants of the community, who rely for the efficiency of
their functions upon the express needs of the people.

B. CONTINENTAL THEORY
- This theory prevails in European countries where the governmental organization follows the
centralized pattern, E.G. Spain, Italy, and France.
- People have no share or little participation with the duties nor connection with the police
organization.
- Policemen are regarded as state or servants of the higher authorities.

DECENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT - Political decentralization signifies a reduction in the authority of national

governments over policy-making.

CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT - A centralized government (also united government) is one in which both
executive and legislative power is concentrated centrally at the higher level as opposed to it being more
distributed at various lower level governments.

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In decentralized government, the decision making is delegated to the local government, while in centralized
government, the decision making is exercised by the central government. In other words, in centralized form
form of government, the authority of the local government is very limited, unlike in decentralized form of
government.

CONCEPTS OF POLICE SERVICE

A. Old Concept -This philosophy advocates that the yardstick of police competence is the increasing number
of arrests, throwing offenders to detention facilities rather than trying to prevent them from committing
crimes.

B. Modern Concept -This thought of police service regards police as the first line of defense of the criminal
justice system, an organ of crime prevention. The measurement of police efficiency is absence of crime.

TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

A. FUNCTIONAL - It divides authority and responsibility between several specialists. The responsibility of each
“functional manager” is restricted to the particular activity over which he has control, regardless of who
performs the action.
- Where personnel have to serve several heads.

B. LINE - A straight-line organization also called the individual, or military, the simplest, oldest, and clearest
form of
organization. The authority and responsibility flow from the top to the bottom in a clear and unbroken line
thus
the authority is absolute.
- the line type of organization has many advantages, it also has some inherent weaknesses which, for
many organizations, make its use impractical. Perhaps its greatest advantage is that, it is utterly simple. It
involves a division of the work into units of eight persons with a person charge who has complete control and
who can be hold directly responsible or accountable for results, or lack of them.

C. LINE AND STAFF - It is a combination of the line and functional category. It merges staff specialists for units
with line organization. Channels of responsibility and authority are left intact since the specialist’s
responsibility is to advise and provide expertise for the line units.

ORGANIZATION – is an association or group of individuals with a common goal. It is a structured group of

individuals and functions into a productive relationship.
FORMAL ORGANIZATION - are those with a system of coordinated activities, a group of people,
authority and leadership and cooperation towards a goal.
-formal organization are highly structured.
INFORMAL ORGANIZATION - an indefinite and structure less organization that has no definite
subdivisions comprises by unconscious groups of feelings, passions and activities of individuals. Unplanned
system of the activities and interactions of participants.
-informal organizations are those without structures.

TITLES OF ORGANIZATIONAL UNITS

A. FUNCTIONAL UNITS
1. BUREAU - largest organic unit within a large department.
2. DIVISION - a primary sub-division of bureau.
3. SECTION - functional unit within a division - this is necessary for specialization.
4. UNITS - functional groups within a section.

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B. TERRITORIAL UNITS
1. POST - a fixed points or location to which an officer is assigned for duty such as designated desk or
office.
- an intersection or cross work form of traffic duty.
2. ROUTE - a length of street/s designated for patrol purposes.
- It is called LINE BEAT.
3. BEAT - an area assigned for patrol purposes either on foot or motorize.
4. SECTOR - an area containing two or more beats, routes or post.
5. DISTRICT - a geographical subdivision of a city for patrol purposes usually with its own station.
6. AREA - a section or territorial division of a large city each comprised of designed districts.

CLASSIFICATION OF LINE, STAFF AND AUXILIARY FUNCTION

Whatever their method of grouping eternal activities, all bureaucratic agencies segregate the function
of line, staff, and auxiliary personnel. The reasons for this tripartite classification are best explained by
examining each of the function.

LINE FUNCTIONS - are the “backbone” of the police department; they include such operations as
patrol, criminal investigation, and traffic control as well as supervision of the personnel performing those
operations. Line functions are carried out but “line members”, including the patrol officer, the detective, the
sergeant, the lieutenant, the captain, and the chief of police. Line members are responsible for:
 Carrying out the major purposes of the police department.
 Delivering the services provided by the department.
 Dealing directly with the department’s clientele.
 Making final decisions with respect to activities they perform.

STAFF FUNCTIONS - are those operations designed to support the line functions. Staff members are
necessarily advisors who are typically assigned to planning, research, legal advice, budgeting, and educational
services. Staff members are often civilians with specialized training who serve within the department but do
not deal with daily operations on the street. Their main function is to study police policies and practices and to
offer proposals to chief executive of the department. Staff personnel tend to be:
 Highly specialized.
 Involved in an advisory capacity.
 Detached from public
 Not directly responsible for decisions made by department executive.

AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS -involve the logistical operations of the department. These including training,
communications, jailing, maintenance, record keeping, motor vehicles, and similar operation.

ORGANIC UNITS IN A POLICE ORAGNIZATION

1. OPERATIONAL UNITS - those that perform primary or line functions; examples of which are patrol, traffic,
investigation and vice control.
2. ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS - those that perform the administrative functions; examples of these are personnel,
finance, planning and training.
3. SERVICE UNITS - those that perform auxiliary functions; examples of which are communication and records
management.

POLICE PERSONNEL DISTRIBUTION

Patrol function - 50% Criminal Investigation - 15%
Traffic Function - 10% Administrative Functions - 10%
Vice and Juvenile Related Functions - 10% Auxiliary Functions - 5%

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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE - the systematic arrangement of the relationship of the members, positions,
departments and functions or work of the organization. It is comprised of functions relationship,
responsibilities and authorities of individuals within the organization.

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART -an illustration in the form of a chart which represents the organizational structure.
The mechanical means of depicting the organization.

ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS
A. PLANNING - the process of selecting goals and determining how to achieve them. It includes the act of
selecting missions and objectives, the policies, the programs and the procedure, and the course of action
on how to achieve them. It requires decision making.
Decision making is the act of choosing from among the alternative courses of action.

IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING ESPECIALLY IN THE POLICE ORGANIZATION:

Planning is expected to:
A. Help an organization to chart a course for the achievement of its goal;
B. Improve analysis of problems;
C. Provide better information for decision making;
D. Effectively allocate resources;
E. Improve inter and intra – departmental cooperation and coordination;
F. Improve the performance of programs;
G. Give an organizational a clear sense of direction;
H. Provide the opportunity for greater public support; and
I. Increase the commitment of personnel.

CREATIVITY AS AN IMPORTANT PART OF PLANNING:

A. Imitation involves the act of using plans, programs, methods, and the like developed by others.
B. Inductive Reasoning moves from specific to the more general.
C. Deductive Reasoning is the opposite of inductive reasoning. It moves from general to specific.
D. Idea Linking is often done through free association. Individuals participating in planning are encouraged to
identify ideas, without limitations or inhibition that might relate to the problem or plan at hand.

GUIDELINES IN PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION:

The guidelines in planning are the five (5) W’s and one (1) H:
A. What to do;
B. Why to do;
C. When to do;
D. Where to do;
E. Who will do; and
F. How to do.

FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN PLANNING:

A. Condition
 Political atmosphere;
 Public opinion;
 Ideological aspirations;
 Peace and order;
 National/Community ethics; and
 Behavior and discipline of the people in the area where the plan will be implemented.

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B. Time; and
 The time of execution/implementation; and
 The time interval and the time allowed for the revisions and modifications of a plan.

C. Resources available.
 Consider the manpower, money, and materials available.

OTHER IMPORTANT MATTERS THAT MUST BE CONSIDERED IN PLANNING

A. Efficient use of resources;
 All organizations, large and small, have limited resources.
B. Establishing goals;
 Setting goals that challenge everyone in the organization to strive for better performance is one of the key
aspects of the planning process.
C. Managing risk and uncertainty; and
 Managing risk is essential to an organization’s success.
D. Team building.
 Planning promotes team building and a spirit of cooperation

B. ORGANIZING - the process of making an organization fit with its objectives, resources, and
environment.
C. DIRECTING - the process of giving orders, commands, directives, or instructions to personnel in order to
rule or guide them in accomplishing the goals or objectives of an organization.
D. STAFFING - the act of placing personnel to the positions in the organizational structure considering
their qualifications.

DIFFERENT STAFFING ACTIVITIES

 RECRUITMENT - is the set of activities and processes used to legally obtain a sufficient number
of right people for specific positions.
 SELECTION - is the process of choosing from among the candidates most suitable person for
current position or for future position.
NEXT IN RANK RULE - states that the appointing authority must prioritize the selection of the
next rank in filling up a vacant position.
 APPRAISAL - is the process of measuring performance. (evaluation of police)
 TRAINING - is the act of improving the ability required in the current job.
 DEVELOPMENT - is the the act of improving the ability required in the future job.

E. COORDINATING - is the matter of integrating the different elements within and outside of an
organization into harmonious relationship.
F. RECORDING - is the system of classifying and compiling written communications going going inside and
going outside of an organization.
G. BUDGETING - is the the management of income and expenditures within the organization.

PRINCIPLES IN POLICE MANAGEMENT

A. UNITY OF OBJECTIVES -the members of a police organization is be motivated by common thing in
accomplishing a common mission.
B. SCALAR PRINCIPLE - a vertical hierarchy of organization is required. The unbroken chain of command
from top to bottom must be observed.
C. UNITY OF COMMAND - a set of police officers should be under the control of only one superior police
officer.
D. SPAN OF CONTROL - a superior must be manage a number of persons that he can effectively control.

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E. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY - a superior may delegate some of his duties to his subordinates for it is
impossible for him to perform all the duties that he is required to perform.
F. LINE AND STAFF PRINCIPLE - various functions are arranged into a workable pattern. The principle
states that operational units are responsible for direct accomplishment of the objectives, while the
administrative units are responsible for support or advisory functions to facilitate the capacity of the
operational units.

MODULE 4: Introduction to Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)

Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. To discuss the powers and functions of DILG.
2. To identify the tri-bureau of DILG and its functions.

Department of Interior (March 22, 1897) - the Katipunan Government established the first
Department of Interior at the Tejeros Convention.
1950 - the Department was abolished and its functions were transferred to the Office of Local
Government (later renamed Local Government and Civil Affairs Office) under the Office of the President.
Presidential Decree No. 1 - created the Department of Local Government and Community
Development (DLGCD) through Letter of Implementation No. 7 on November 1, 1972.
Executive Order No. 777 - the DLGCD was reorganized and renamed Ministry of Local Government
(MLG).
Executive Order No. 262 - renamed Department of Local Government (DLG).
Republic Act No. 6975 (December 13, 1990) - the DLG underwent reorganization into what is now
known as the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG).
- The law also created the Philippine National Police (PNP) out of the Philippine Constabulary-
Integrated National Police (PC-INP), which, together with the National Police Commission, was integrated
under the new DILG, the Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and the
Philippine Public Safety College; and absorbed the National Action Committee on Anti-Hijacking from the
Department of National Defense (DND).

Republic Act 6975 was approved on December 13, 1990 by the President Corazon C. Aquino. It was
recognized later as the “DILG Act of 1990”. This law established the Philippines National Police, merger of the
the Integrated National Police and Philippines Constabulary. It also created the National Police Commission to
administer and control the Philippines National Police. It further enforced the policy that the PNP shall be
national in scope and civilian in character, in compliance with the provisions of Section 6, Article XVI of the
Constitution.
This was known as the implementing law of Section 6, Article XVI of the 1987 Constitution.

NATIONAL IN SCOPE - means that the PNP is under the national government so it has the following
consequences:
 The uniformed members of the PNP shall be considered employees of the National Government and shall
draw their salaries therefrom;
 The different processes starting from recruitment until termination of PNP members are governed by
rules laid down by the national government; and
 The members of the PNP may be assigned to different parts of the Philippines when needed, especially in
the exercise of the Calling- Out Power of the President.

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CIVILIAN IN CHARACTER - means that the Philippine National Police (PNP) members are not governed by
military rules. The PNP is in charges of the internal security and it is the AFP that is in charged of external
security. The PNP has no role in suppressing insurgency except in information gathering in performance of its
ordinary police functions, support the Armed Forces of the Philippines on matters involving suppression of
insurgency.

Introduction to Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) - It shall be headed by Secretary
who shall be appointed by the President subject to confirmation of the Commission on Appointments.

Powers & Functions

A. Assist the President in the exercise of general supervision over local governments.
B. Advise the President in the promulgation of policies, rules, regulations and other issuance's on the general
supervision over local governments and on public order and safety.
C. Establish and prescribe rules, regulations and other issuance's implementing laws on public order and safety,
the general supervision over local governments and the promotion of local autonomy and community
empowerment and monitor compliance thereof.
D. Provide assistance towards legislation regarding local governments, law enforcement and public Safety.
E. Establish and prescribe plans, policies, programs and projects to promote peace and order, ensure public
safety and further strengthen the administrative, technical and fiscal capabilities of local government offices
and personnel.
F. Formulate plans, policies and programs which will meet local emergencies arising from natural and man-
made disasters.
G. Establish a system of coordination and cooperation among the citizenry, local executives and the
Department, to ensure effective and efficient delivery of basic services to the public.
H. Organize, train and equip primarily for the performance of police functions, a police force that is national in
scope and civilian in character.

THE TRI-BUREAU OF DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR & LOCAL GOVERNMENT

PNP
1. Law enforcement
2. Maintain peace and order
3. Prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal offenders, bring offenders to justice and assist in their
prosecution
4. Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and seizure in accordance with the Constitution and
pertinent laws.
5. Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is prescribed by law.
Art. 125. Delay in the delivery of detained persons to the proper judicial authorities. – The penalties
provided in the next preceding article shall be imposed upon the public officer or employee who shall detain
any person for some legal ground and shall fail to deliver such person to the proper judicial authorities within
the period of:
twelve (12) hours, for crimes or offenses punishable by light penalties, or their equivalent;
Eighteen (18) hours, for crimes or offenses punishable by correctional penalties, or their equivalent; and
thirty-six (36) hours, for crimes or offenses punishable by afflictive or capital penalties, or their equivalent.

6. Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and explosives in accordance with law.
- a person must be at a minimum age of 21 years and pass a background check to be issued a
Possession License.
7. Supervise and control the training and operations of security agencies.

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BFP
1. Be responsible for the prevention and suppression of all destructive fires.
2. Be responsible for the enforcement of the Fire Code and other related laws.
3. It shall have the power to investigate all causes of fires and, if necessary, file the proper complaints with the
city or provincial prosecutor who has jurisdiction over the case.
4. All elements of the BFP upon the diction of the President, assist the AFP in meeting the national emergency.
5. Shall establish at least one (1) fire station with adequate personnel, firefighting facilities and equipment in
every
provincial capital, city and municipality subject to standard rules and regulations as maybe promulgated.

BJMP
1. Formulate policies and guidelines in the administration of all district, city, and municipal jails nationwide.
2. Implement strong security measures for the control of inmates.
3. Provide for the basic needs of inmates.
4. Conduct activities for the development of inmates.
5. Improve jail facilities.
6. Promote general welfare and development of personnel.

MODULE 5: Introduction to Philippine National Police

Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. To identify pertinent laws relative to PNP.
2. To discuss the organizational structure of the PNP.

PNP functions:
1. Law Enforcement.
2. Maintain peace and order.
3. Prevents and investigates crimes and bring offenders to justice.
4. Exercise the vested powers from the Philippine Constitution and pertinent laws.
5. Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is prescribed by law.
6. Implements pertinent laws and regulations on firearms and explosives control.
7. Supervise and control the training and operations of security agencies.

PNP MANDATE- Republic Act 6975 entitled An Act Establishing the Philippine National Police under a
reorganized Department of the Interior and Local Government and Other Purposes as amended by RA 8551
Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998 and further amended by RA 9708.

A. Composition
The Philippine National Police initially consisted of the members of the:
1. Integrated National Police (INP) pursuant to PD NO. 765
2. Philippine Constabulary
Assigned with the Narcotics Command (NARCOM)
With the Criminal Investigation Service (CIS)
With the technical services of the AFP assigned with the PC
Assigned as civilian operatives of the CIS

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3. The regular operatives of the abolished NAPOLCOM Inspection, Investigation and Intelligence Branch.

The PNP is composed of a national office, regional offices, provincial offices, district offices, city or municipal
stations.
- At the national level, the PNP maintains its offices in Metropolitan Manila which houses the
directorial staff, service staff, and special support units.
-At the regional level, the PNP have regional offices, including that of the National Capital Region. Each
of these regional offices is headed by a regional director for peace and order.
- At the provincial level, the PNP have provincial offices, each headed by a provincial director. In large
provinces, police districts maybe established by the Commission to be headed by a district director.
- At the city or municipal level, the PNP have City Police Offices or Municipal Police Stations, each
headed by a City Director or Chief of Police.
PNP KEY POSITIONS
RANK POSITION
Police General 1st in command Chief of the PNP
Police Lieutenant General 2nd in command Deputy Chief of the PNP for
Administration
3rd in command Deputy Chief of the PNP for Operations
4th in command- Chief of the Directorial Staff
Police Major General NCR Director
Police Brigadier General Regional Director
District Director under NCR District Offices
Police Colonel Provincial Director
Police Lieutenant Col. District Director under District Offices
Police Major General Director of the Directorial Staff -The heads of the
various staff divisions
Police Brigadier General Inspector General- Head of the Inspectorate Division
Heads of the administrative and operational support
divisions
Police Lieutenant Col. Chief of Police under City offices
Police Major Chief of Police under Municipal Offices

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PNP RANK

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MODULE 6: PNP Appointment: its qualifications, status, appointing authorities over PNP, and the waivers for
appointment.

Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. Identify the general qualifications of appointment.
2. Distinguish the status of PNP appointment.

A. GENERAL QUALIFICATIONS FOR APPOINTMENT INTO THE PNP (SECTION 14 OF RA 8551 and RA 9708 )
a. A citizen of the Philippines;
b. A person of good moral conduct;
c. Must have passed the psychiatric/psychological, drug and physical tests to be administered by the PNP or
by any NAPOLCOM accredited government hospital for the purpose of determining physical and mental
health;
d. Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a recognized institution of learning;
e. Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set by the Commission;
f. Must not have been dishonorably discharged from military employment or dismissed for cause from any
civilian position in the Government;
g. Must not have been convicted by final judgment of an offense or crime involving moral turpitude;
h. Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters (1.62 m) in height for male and one meter and fifty-
seven centimeters (1.57 m.) for female;
i. Must weigh not more or less than five kilograms (5 kgs. from the standard weight corresponding to his or
her height, age, and sex; and
j. For a new applicant, must not be less than twenty-one (21) nor more than thirty (30) years of age:

Provided, further, That Provided, further, That PNP members who are already in the service upon the
effectivity of Republic Act No. 8551 shall be given five (5) years to obtain the minimum educational
qualification preferably in law enforcement related courses..

It is important to note that general qualifications for appointment in the PNP were first defined under Section
30 of RA 6975. But later on it was amended by RA 8551 and further amended by RA 9708.
The data presented above is the existing qualifications that are followed in the PNP recruitment process.

Based on RA 8551 in-service personnel are given one (1) year to satisfy the weight requirement.

B. Appointment of PNP Officers and Members

1. Police Officer 1 to Senior Police Officer IV are appointed

- By the PNP Regional Director- for regional level
- By the Chief of the PNP for national level
2. Inspector to Superintendent
-appointed by the Chief of the PNP, as recommended by their immediate superiors, attested by the
Civil Service Commission.
3. Senior Superintendent to Deputy Director General
-appointed by the President upon the recommendation of the Chief of the PNP, with proper
endorsement by the Chairman of the Civil Service Commission and subject to confirmation by the Commission
on Appointments
4. Director General
-Appointed by the President from among the senior officers down to the rank of chief superintendent
in the service, subject to confirmation by the Commission on Appointments.

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C. Waivers for Initial Appointments to the PNP (Section 15 of RA 8551)
A-ge - applicant must not less than 20 y/o nor more than 35 y/0
H-eight - automatically granted to cultural minorities
W-eight - to comply within 6 months
E-ducational attainment - entered without a baccalaureate degree or possess only at least 72 collegiate units
is given 4 years to obtain Degree

D. Status of PNP Appointment

1. Permanent
-Issued to PNP personnel who successfully completed all the requirements necessary for the rank.
2. Temporary
- The status of a newly recruited PNP member who meets all the required minimum qualifications,
except the training requirement or an applicant who entered the PNP via waiver program.

MODULE 7: PNP Attrition and Promotion System

Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. Distinguish attrition from promotion.
2. Identify and give example of promotion.

Promotion - refers to a status change of a policeman amounting to dynamic elevation of qualified or deserving
members as opportunities occurs, to assignment or duties of greater importance. If promotion makes our
uniformed personnel feel high morale, attrition is the other way around. It could lead to separation or
retirement from service.

Kinds of removal under attrition system

A. Retirement - A policeman is considered to have retired from service if he has rendered at least twenty (20)
years of service;
B. Separation - A policeman is considered to have separated from service if he has rendered less than twenty
(20) years of service.

ATTRITION SYSTEM FOR UNIFORMED PERSONNEL (RA 8551)

Section 25. Attrition by Attainment of Maximum Tenure in Position. –The maximum tenure of PNP members
holding key positions is hereby prescribed as follows:

POSITION MAXIMUM TENURE

Chief four (4) years
Deputy Chief four (4) years
Director of the Staff Services four (4) years
Regional Directors six (6) years
Provincial/City Directors nine (9) years

Section 26. Attrition by Relief. – A PNP uniformed personnel who has been relieved for just
cause and has not been given an assignment within two (2) years after such relief shall be
retired or separated.

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Section 27. Attrition by Demotion in Position or Rank. – Any PNP personnel, civilian or uniformed, who is
relieved and assigned to a position lower than what is established for his or her grade in the PNP staffing
pattern and who shall not be assigned to a position commensurate to his or her grade within eighteen (18)
months after such demotion in position shall be retired or separated.

Section 28. Attrition by Non-promotion. – Any PNP personnel who have not been promoted for a continuous
period of ten (10) years shall be retired or separated.

Section 29. Attrition by Other Means. – A PNP member or officer with at least five (5) years of accumulated
active service shall be separated based on any of the following factors:
a. Inefficiency based on poor performance during the last two (2) successive annual rating periods;
b. Inefficiency based on poor performance for three (3) cumulative annual rating periods;
c. Physical and/or mental incapacity to perform police functions and duties; or
d. Failure to pass the required entrance examinations twice and/or finish the required career

KINDS OF PNP PROMOTION

A. Promotion by Virtue of Position

- Any PNP personnel designated to any key position whose rank is lower than that which is required for
such position shall, after six (6) months of occupying the same, be entitled to a rank adjustment corresponding
to the position.

B. Regular Promotion
- Promotion granted to police officers meeting the mandatory requirements for promotion to the
position.

C. Special or Meritorious promotion

- Extended to any member of the PNP for acts of conspicuous courage and gallantry at the risk of his
life above and beyond the call of duty, or selected as such in a nationwide search conducted by the PNP or any
accredited civic organization.

Preferences for Promotion:

1. Appropriate Eligibility
2. Competency and Vacancy
3. Seniority

ADDITIONAL NOTES

BASIC TERMINOLOGIES IN RELATION TO POLICE PLANING

a. Authority
- is the right to command and control a behavior.
b. Delegation of Authority
- is the act of a person, higher in authority, conferring power, Authority, duty, or responsibility to the
lower authority.
c. Manage
- To manage is to direct or conduct the affairs or interest of various units.
d. Organizing
- is the act of systematically arranging different units in hierarchical order in order to perform specific
functions in achieving desired objectives.

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e. Organization
is an association of human beings to attain a specific goal or objective. For an organization to be
successful, it must be both effective and efficient.
f. Police accountability
- is the inherent responsibility of a police organization to be answerable for misconducts committed by
its members.
g. Police administration
- is an organizational process concerned with the determination of the objectives and plans, and
internal operating efficiency of the police organization.
h. Police functions
- refers to the duties and responsibilities carried out by police agencies concerning public order and
public safety.
i. Police management
-is the act of administering, controlling, or handling various aspects of police organization.
j. Police organization
-is a number of police units systematically arranged for some purpose or objective.
k. Police power
-is the inherent power of the government to impose reasonable restrictions on the liberties of its
citizens for the maintenance of public order and safety.

Take Note: The other inherent powers of the government are the power of taxation and the power of eminent
domain.

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