WEEK 1

Early Development of Policing Materials: Ballpen, Paper & Notebook

References:
Lesson Objectives: 1. Madelo Jr., Porferio (2013).
At the end of this module, you should be Criminal Justice System
able to:
2. Garcia, Mario et al. (2016).
1. Trace the early development of policing. Philippine Criminal Justice System
2. Discuss the origin of police.
3. Guevara, R.M and Viñas,W. D.
(2015).
Police Organization and
Administration with Police Planning
MAIN LESSON

Content Notes
I believe you are quite excited to know about how police officers perform their job and
other relevant information. But before that, let us know first the history of police. Let’s get
started!

POLITEIA Government of a city Applied to civil officers

(GREEK) (meaning) not necessarily police
A officers

Romans changed it POLITIA

slightly to

English borrowed the

; French changed it to Applied to persons word and used to
POLICE who actually enforce describe to law
by the law enforcement officer

COPPER or COP
COP from “Chief of
(England) European word
Police”, “Constable on
“cop” which
Patrol”
means to catch or
seize
 ANCIENT POLICE

ANCIENT BABYLON ANCIENT EGYPT

Babylonian clay tablet that Medjay- Egyptians organized

shows a report from police force. They are not
Babylonian officer to his members of the military force.
superiors

“Temple guards and Vigiles- formed by Augustus,

watchmen” was mentioned in
the Holy Bible whose duty is to
protect the city and arrest
violators of King’s order.
the first Roman Emperor,
which means a purposeful or
watchful staying awake. They
were armed with staves or
wood or metal. They are
tasked to keep peace and fight
fires.

1. FRANKPLEDGE SYSTEM 2. HUE AND CRY

/MUTUAL PLEDGE
- A community is divided into groups of
10 men (TYTHINGS/TYTHINGMEN).
They are responsible for the conduct of
each other and to band together for
their community’s protection.
-The complainant or victim goes to the
middle of the community and shout to
call all male residents to assemble.
-The victim reports his complaint to the
assembly.

-Members are responsible to the arrest
of the violator.
C. MIDDLE
AGES
3. SHIRE-REEVE SYSTEM
-“Shire” means district.
- Each county is being taken care of a
“reeve”- a ruler who made laws, pass
judgment and impose punishment.
-A “reeve” is appointed by the King
and directly reports to the King in its
enforcement of laws and order.
- All male residents will go after the
criminal and apprehend him.
4. KEEPERS OF THE PEACE
-King Richard of England (1195)
commissioned certain knights to
preserve peace in unruly areas.
-They were responsible to the King for
ensuring that the law was upheld, and
preserved the “king’s peace”.
MAIN TOPICS

Introduction
From the simplest social structure-the family to the most complex-the community of
nations, it is essential that certain norms and conduct are to be established and observed in
order to ensure that the cordial and harmonious relationship among its members are preserved
and maintained.

It is in the field of law enforcement that the police are most involved in the complicated
inter-relationship within a social structure. The effectiveness of a police organization is
essentially dependent on the manner the same is managed, administered and controlled and
most especially on the trust that the citizens-clientele of policing business bestow upon it.

Organization – is an association or group of individuals with a common goal. It is a structured

group of individuals and functions into a productive relationship.
Administration – refers to the general managing and organizing that occurs at the highest
levels of an organization. It entails the establishment of the department’s overall purposes.
(Gaines, Worrall, Southerland and Angell. 2003:2)

Police Organization – a structured group of trained personnel dealt with achieving following
goals and objectives

Law Enforcement is the prevention and control of crimes, enforcement of laws, and effecting
the arrest of offenders including the conduct of lawful searches and seizures to gather
necessary evidence.

-Founded by King Charles II of England (1663)

CHARLIES -Called as “shiver and shake”-many were old and would

run if they see trouble, or heard cry for help.

BOW STREET HORSE -Founded by Henry Fielding.

RUNNERS (thief catchers)
-This group of privately paid persons was the first
organized attempt at follow-up investigation of crimes.

LONDON METROPOLITAN -Founded by Sir Robert Peel (Father of Modern Policing)

POLICE
-World’s first organized modern police force.

-Later on it was called as Scotland Yard.

SERGENT DE VILLE -The French were the first to established uniformed police
officers.
(Servant of the city)
 RATTLEWATCH -It was organized in New York

WEEK 2

LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW

Introduction (2 mins)
How are you today? I hope you are doing well. Are you excited for today’s lesson? Good!
Let’s get started. Our topic is entitled “Tracing the Evolution of Policing in the Philippine
Setting” with the objectives that you will be able to trace the evolution of policing in the
Philippine setting and discuss the evolution of policing in the Philippine setting.
.
MAIN LESSON

Content Notes
Before we will discuss the different law enforcement agencies and its corresponding
functions, let us know first the evolution of policing.

A. Pre-Spanish era
In the Philippines, the “cabeza de barangay” was the head and the leader of a
group of settlers. The discipline and punishment, as well as the conduct of government
were made by the Barangay Head. As the population increased, the “cabeza” had to
appoint certain trustworthy people to protect their villages. These appointed people are
the eyes and ears of the Barangay Head.

B. Policing System during the Spanish Regime

.
1. Carabineros de 2. Guardrilleros
3. Guardia Civil
Seguridad Publica
-Bywasvirtue
-It createdof byRoyal
virtueDecree,
of
-The first organized police force January
Royal 8, 1836,
Decree, the first12,rural
February
(1712) and is known as mounted police organization in each town
1852.
police. Its purpose is to carry out was created.
the regulations of the Spanish -The purpose of its creation
Government. The Carabineros are -There
was to relievefunctions
the Spanish were
members of the Spanish militia or militia in its policing functions. and
maintaining public security
rifleman. order, patrolling in dark and
unsafe
-It places, of
was composed guarding
Filipinos the
-Royal Decree of December 20, tribunal of
under themunicipal
command buildingofand
1842 change its name into prison houses.
Alcalde (Governor)
"Cuerpo de Carabineros de
Seguridad de Publica". -It was composed of 5% of the
able bodied male inhabitants of
each town.
American Occupation:

1. Insular Constabulary
The Philippine Commission organized the insular police force through Act. NO. 175 on
July 18, 1901. They were tasked to preserved peace, keeping order and enforcing laws.

2. Manila Police Department

By virtue of Act No. 183 of the second Philippine Commission the Manila Police
Department was organized on July 31, 1901 under the leadership of Capt. George Curry as its
first Chief of Police.

3. Philippine Constabulary (PC)

It was organized on October 3, 1901 by virtue of Act # 255. Majority of the personnel
were Filipinos under the supervision of American Officers headed by Capt. Henry T. Allen being
the first Chief of PC. The Constabulary was the National Police Institution for preserving the
peace, keeping order and enforcing the law as provided under Section 825 of the Revised
Administrative Code of 1917.

4. Bureau of Investigation
Act No. 181, November 1938, created the Bureau of Investigation, the modification of
Division of Investigation (DI) from the DOJ. On June 19, 1947, RA 157 was enacted which
created the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI).

Take note!
-Brig/Gen. Rafael Crame was
the 1st Filipino Chief of Police
of the PC.

-Col. Antonio C. Torres was the

1st Filipino COP when the MPD
became an all Filipino Police
Organization.
 WEEK 3

Fundamental Theories and Concepts of Police Service and Types of Organizational

Structure

Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Identify countries that practice the home rule theory and continental theory.
2. Apply the concepts of police service.

LESSON
Introduction
Our lesson for today is entitled “Fundamental Theories and Concepts of Police Service
and Types of Organizational Structure”. At the end of today’s session, you are expected
to be able to: (1) Identify countries that practice the home rule theory and continental theory;
and (2) Apply the concepts of police service.
MAIN LESSON

Content Notes

This is practiced in the United This theory prevails in European

States and in England where countries where the governmental
the governmental structure organization follows the centralized
follows a decentralized pattern. pattern, E.G. Spain, Italy, and France.

Policemen are civil servants People have no share or little

whose key duty is the participation with the duties nor
preservation of public peace connection with the police
and security. organization.

Law enforcers or policemen are Policemen are regarded as state or

regarded as servants of the servants of the higher authorities.
community, who rely for the efficiency
of their functions upon the express
needs of the people.

FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF
POLICE SERVICE

HOME RULE THEORY CONTINENTAL THEORY

- CONCEPTS OF POLICE SERVICE

It divides authority and A straight-line organization It is a combination of the

responsibility between
several specialists. The
responsibility of each
“functional manager” is
restricted to the particular
activity over which he has
control, regardless of who
performs the action.
also called the individual,
or military, the simplest,
oldest, and clearest form of
organization. The authority
and responsibility flow from
the top to the bottom in a
clear and unbroken line
thus the authority is
line and functional
category. It merges staff
specialists for units with line
organization. Channels of
responsibility and authority
are left intact since the
specialist’s responsibility is
to advise and provide
expertise for the line units.

TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

 WEEK 4

Understanding the Police Organizational Units and the Principles of Police Organization

Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. Discuss the principles of police organization.
2. Illustrate selected police geographical or territorial units.

MAIN LESSON

A. Bureau

-The largest organic functional unit within a large

P department.
O department.
L
I
C B. Division
E
-A primary subdivision of bureau
O
R 1. FUNCTIONAL
G UNITS
A C. Section
N
I -Functional unit within a division that is necessary for
Z specialization
A
T
D. Unit
I
-Functional group within a section; or the smallest
O functional group within an organization
N
A
L

U
N 2. LINE UNITS -Those personnel or human resources that directly
I interact with the public.
T
S
P
A. Post
O
L -A fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned
I for duty.
C
E
O B. Route
R
G -A length of streets designated for patrol purposes. Also
A called LINE BEAT.
N
I 3. GEOGRAPHIC
(Territorial) C. Beat
Z
A UNITS
-An area assigned for patrol purposes, whether foot or
T motorized.
I
O
N D. Sector
A
L -An area containing two or more beats, routes or
motorized.
U
N
I E. Area
T
-A section or territorial division of a large city each
S comprised of designated districts.
 2. UNITY OF COMMAND
-This means each individual
unit, and/or situation should
be under the control of only
one direct unit supervisor.

1. CHAIN OF COMMAND
-This refers to the line or
3. SPAN OF CONTROL
chain of supervisors from
-An officer or supervisor
top to bottom.
should not have more
-An unbroken line of
subordinates than he can
authority that links all
effectively supervise,
persons in an organization
manage, or control.
and defines who reports to
whom.

5. COMMAND
RESPONSIBILITY
-It means that the 4. DELEGATION OF
commander is directly AUTHORITY
responsible for any act or -The division of tasks of
omission of his subordinates command among the
in relation to the officers of the various units.
performance of their official
duties.
Week 5

Introduction to Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG)

Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. To discuss the powers and functions of DILG.

2. To identify the tri-bureau of DILG and its functions.

It shall be headed by Secretary who shall be appointed by the President subject

to confirmation of the Commission on Appointments.

Powers & Functions

Assist the President in the exercise of general
supervision over local governments.
Advise the President in the promulgation of
policies, rules, regulations and other issuances
on the general supervision over local
governments and on public order and safety.
Establish and prescribe rules, regulations and
other issuances implementing laws on public
order and safety, the general supervision over
local governments and the promotion of local
autonomy and community empowerment and
monitor compliance thereof.
Establish and prescribe plans, policies, programs
and projects to promote peace and order, ensure
public safety and further strengthen the
administrative, technical and fiscal capabilities of
local government offices and personnel.
Formulate plans, policies and programs which
will meet local emergencies arising from
natural and man-made disasters.
Establish a system of coordination and
cooperation among the citizenry, local
executives and the Department, to ensure
effective and efficient delivery of basic services
to the public.

Provide assistance towards legislation regarding

local governments, law enforcement and public Organize, train and equip primarily for the
safety. performance of police functions, a police force
that is national in scope and civilian in character.
 THE TRI-BUREAU OF DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR & LOCAL GOVERNMENT

PNP BFP BJMP

1. Law enforcement 1. Be responsible for the 1. Formulate policies and

prevention and suppression of guidelines in the administration
2. Maintain peace and all destructive fires. of all district, city, and
order municipal jails nationwide.
2. Be responsible for the
3. Prevent crimes, effect enforcement of the Fire Code 2. Implement strong security
the arrest of criminal and other related laws. measures for the control of
offenders, bring offenders inmates.
to justice and assist in 3. It shall have the power to
their prosecution investigate all causes of fires 3. Provide for the basic needs
and, if necessary, file the of inmates.
4. Exercise the general proper complaints with the city
powers to make arrest, or provincial prosecutor who 4. Conduct activities for the
search and seizure in has jurisdiction over the case. development of inmates.
accordance with the
Constitution and pertinent 4. All elements of the BFP 5. Improve jail facilities.
laws. upon the diction of the
President, assist the AFP in 6. Promote general welfare
5. Detain an arrested meeting the national and development of personnel.
person for a period not emergency.
beyond what is prescribed
by law. 5. Shall establish at least one
(1) fire station with adequate
6. Issue licenses for the personnel, firefighting facilities
possession of firearms and equipment in every
and explosives in provincial capital, city and
accordance with law. municipality subject to
standard rules and regulations
7. Supervise and control as maybe promulgated.
the training and operations
of security agencies.

Week 6
 Introduction to Philippine National Police

Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. To identify pertinent laws relative to PNP.

2. To discuss the organizational structure of the PNP.

A. Composition
The Philippine National Police initially consisted of the members of the:
1. Integrated National Police (INP) pursuant to PD NO. 765
2. Philippine Constabulary
 Assigned with the Narcotics Command (NARCOM)
 With the Criminal Investigation Service (CIS)
 With the technical services of the AFP assigned with the PC
 Assigned as civilian operatives of the CIS
3. The regular operatives of the abolished NAPOLCOM Inspection, Investigation and
Intelligence Branch

The PNP is composed of a

national office, regional offices,
provincial offices, district offices,
city or municipal stations.

At the national level, the PNP At the provincial level, the PNP
maintains its offices in have provincial offices, each
Metropolitan Manila which houses headed by a provincial director. In
the directorial staff, service staff, large provinces, police districts
and special support units. maybe established by the
Commission to be headed by a
district director.

At the regional level, the PNP
have regional offices, including
that of the National Capital
Region. Each of these regional
offices is headed by a regional
director for peace and order.
At the city or municipal level, the
PNP have City Police Offices or
Municipal Police Stations, each
headed by a City Director or Chief
of Police.
 The PNP is composed of a
national office, regional offices,
provincial offices, district offices,
city or municipal stations.

At the national level, the PNP At the provincial level, the PNP
maintains its offices in have provincial offices, each
Metropolitan Manila which houses headed by a provincial director. In
the directorial staff, service staff, large provinces, police districts
and special support units. maybe established by the
Commission to be headed by a
district director.

At the regional level, the PNP
have regional offices, including
that of the National Capital
Region. Each of these regional
offices is headed by a regional
director for peace and order.
At the city or municipal level, the
PNP have City Police Offices or
Municipal Police Stations, each
headed by a City Director or Chief
of Police.

PNP Key Positions

(RA 6975)
 Rank: Police Brigadier Gen. Rank: Police Lieutenant Col.

Provincial Director District Director

Rank: Police Major

Rank: Police General Rank: Police Lieutenant Gen.
Chief of Police

1st in command- 2nd in command-

Chief of the PNP Deputy Chief of the
PNP for

NCR Director PNP KEY POSITIONS Regional Director

3rd in command- 4th in command- Chief of

Deputy Chief of the the Directorial Staff
PNP for Operations

Rank: Police Lieutenant Gen. Rank: Police Lieutenant Gen.

Director of the Directorial Inspector General- Head of

Staff -The heads of the the Inspectorate Division
various staff divisions Rank: Police Brigadier Gen.
Heads of the administrative
and operational support
Rank: Police Major Gen.
divisions

Rank: Police Brigadier Gen.

Take note!

Sec. 28 (Rank classification) of RA

6975 has been amended by RA
11200.
PNP Organizational Structure
WEEK 7

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
Introduction (2 mins)

Hello! How are you? How do you find the previous lesson? It was exciting right? Indeed,
very informative. Let us have a recap. Can you tell me what our previous topic was? Don’t
worry! I’ll help you. ON the previous lesson, we talked about the PNP organizational
structure, its composition, the key positions of the PNP and the rank classification.
Let me pose a question. Can a senior high school graduate be eligible for appointment in
the PNP regardless of its strand? What do you think? Is it a yes or a no? Why do you think
so? Well, you will know that later.
Do we have aspiring police officers here? Oh! There you are! Do you want to know the
qualifications in joining the organization? Great! For today’s lesson, we will be discussing
general qualifications for appointment, status of appointment, appointing authorities over
PNP, and the waivers for appointment. To simplify it, we will deal with appointment. At the
end of this module you are expected to accomplish the learning objectives: (1) Identify the
general qualifications of appointment and (2) Distinguish the status of PNP appointment.
What is police appointment? Police appointment is the process of designating a police
officer at a particular function, duty or responsibility.

Activity 1: What I Know Chart, part 1 (3 mins)

As you have observed there are questions indicated on the second column of the KWL

1. What are the general

qualifications of
appointment in the PNP?

2. Who has the power to

appoint PNP personnel?
Chart. Read and understand the questions given. I want you to answer these questions
honestly. Please write your answer on the first column which is the “What I know”. You are
advised to avoid erasures. Leave the third column for Activity 4. Ready? That’s good!
B.MAIN LESSON

Activity 2: Content Notes (13 mins)

Kindly read religiously and understand the data below. At the end of this you will be able
to discover the answers of the questions I had given earlier. What are you waiting for? Let’s
start!

It is important to note that general qualifications for appointment in the PNP were first
defined under Section 30 of RA 6975. But later on it was amended by RA 8551) and further
amended by RA 9708. The data presented above is the existing qualifications that are
followed in the PNP recruitment process.

Based on RA 8551 in-service personnel are given one (1) year to satisfy the weight requirement.
Take note! Please refer to the new rank classification
(RA 11200)
A. Police Officer 1 to Senior B. Inspector to
Police Officer IV are Superintendent
appointed
-appointed by the Chief of the
 By the PNP Regional PNP, as recommended by their
Director- for regional immediate superiors, attested by
level the Civil Service Commission.

 By the Chief of the PNP

for national level
B. Appointment of PNP
Officers and Members

C. Senior Superintendent
to Deputy Director General D. Director General

-appointed by the President -Appointed by the President

upon the recommendation of from among the senior officers
the Chief of the PNP, with down to the rank of chief
proper endorsement by the superintendent in the service,
Chairman of the Civil Service subject to confirmation by the
Commission and subject to Commission on Appointments.
.
.confirmation by the
Commission on
Appointments
 C. Waivers for Initial Appointments to the PNP (Section 15 of
RA 8551)
A-ge - applicant must not less than 20 y/o nor more
than 35 y/0

H-eight - automatically granted to cultural minorities

W-eight - to comply within 6 months

E-ducational attainment - entered without a baccalaureate

degree or possess only at least 72 collegiate units is given 4
years to obtain degree.