The solubility of organic molecules is often summarized by the phrase, "like dissolves like.

" This means

that molecules with many polar groups are more soluble in polar solvents, and molecules with few or no
polar groups (i.e., nonpolar molecules) are more soluble in nonpolar solvents. (You encountered these
concepts in the "Membranes and Proteins" experiment and the related tutorial, "Maintaining the Body's
Chemistry: Dialysis in the Kidneys".) Hence,

Vitamins are either water-soluble or fat-soluble (soluble in lipids and nonpolar compounds), depending
on their molecular structures. Water-soluble vitamins have many polar groups and are hence soluble in
polar solvents such as water. Fat-soluble vitamins are predominantly nonpolar and hence are soluble in
nonpolar solvents such as the fatty (nonpolar) tissue of the body.

What makes polar vitamins soluble in polar solvents and nonpolar vitamins soluble in nonpolar solvents?
The answer to this question lies in the types of interactions that occur between the molecules in a
solution. Solubility is a complex phenomenon that depends on the change in free energy (DG) of the
process. For a process (in this case, a vitamin dissolving in a solvent) to be spontaneous, the change in
free energy must be negative (i.e., DG<0). The green box below describes the thermodynamic processes
that govern solubility.

well, consider what you can gather from it just by looking at the molecule…you can make some
educated guesses before you even get a sample and drop it in some water and notice it dissolving..hint
hint..the molecule is not symmetrical..and it has an abundance of hydroxyl groups in various
orientations so considering that those hydroxyl groups are absolutely great at forming hydrogen bonds
with water molecules you could say with some confidence that it is likely to be polar…and you’d be
right.

Electrical charge of a molecule is determines the polarity. A polar molecule has a positive charge at one
end and a negative charge at the other.But non-polar molecule does not have any charge on both
side.Non-polar vitamins are fat soluble. They have few or no polar groups.Polar molecules are very
soluble in water and their charge is neutral.Examples of some polar molecules are,

Vitamin C

Based on its nature, Vitamin C is essentially an Ascorbic acid that has the tendency to produce hydrogen
ions when in an aqueous solution. When drop it in some water and notice it dissolving, it shows an
abundance of hydroxyl groups in various orientations, so considering that those hydroxyl groups are
absolutely great at forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules. And, Polar molecules are very soluble
in water and their charge is neutral. Therefore it’s an acid, and a polar.