cermin ben biStand Out 4 : Grammar Challengei | | Ire POLE THOMSON ee HEINLE Stand Out 4 Grammar Challenge ‘Acquisitions Editor: Sherrise Roehr ‘Managing Editor: James W. Brown Developmental Editors: Ingrid Wisniewska, Jill Korey O'Sullivan Associate Developmental Editor: Sarah Barnicle Editorial Assistant: Elizabeth Allen Marketing Manager: Eric Bredenberg Director, Global ESL Training & Development: Evelyn Nelson Production Editor: Jeff Freeland Senior Manufacturing Coordinator: Mary Beth Hennebury Compositor: A Plus Publishing Services Contributing Writer: Anita Raducanu Printer: Patterson Printing Copyright © 2002 Heinle, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc ‘Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Printed in the United States of America. 23456789 10 06 05 04 03 02 For more information, contact Heinle, 25 Thomson Place, Boston, MA 02210 USA, ‘or you can visit our Internet site at http/Awwtzheinle.com All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced ‘or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution or information storage and retrieval systems—without the written permission of the publisher. For permission to use material from this text or product, contact us: |Ael 1-800-730-2214 Fax 800-730-2215 Web. wwiwthorisonrights.com ISBN: 0-8584-3939XTO THE TEACHER ‘stand Out Grammar Challenge 4 challenges students to develop and expand their grammar skills through sixty-four guided exercises or “challenges.” Each Challenge includes: > Charts Clear grammar charts lay out the structure's components and provide useful example sentences. > Notes Notes within the charts help students understand important shifts in language use and meaning through concise explanations. > Practice Exercises challenge students to master grammar structures while reviewing the vocabulary and thematic contexts actively taught in Stand Out Student Book 4. Additional exercises reinforce grammar structures passively introduced in Stand Out Student Book 4 contexts. How to use the Stand Out Grammar Challenge 4 workbook ‘The Stand Out Grammar Challenge 4 workbook can be used in a variety of ways: + The grammar challenges can be assigned daily or on an as-needed basis. + The grammar challenges can be completed individually, with a partner, or as a class. + Students may complete challenges at home or in the classroom. + Instructors can provide guided feedback upon completion, or ask students to self-correct or peer-edit. All exercises are formatted to provide for ease of correction and assessment. + The Grammar Challenge 4 answer key is available to teachers on the Stand Out web site at: standout.heinle.com It can be printed out for student use. + ‘The grammar challenges need not be followed in any particular order within a unit. Some challenges will be review for students, while others will reinforce the newer structures from Stand Out Student Book 4. «The Stand Out Grammar Challenge 4 workbook is an effective supplement in a multi-level classroom because it challenges the highly motivated students while providing support for students who need extra reinforcement. The appendix includes a glossary of grammar terms with examples. This is intended as a reference'for both students and teachers. The appendix also includes grammar charts from the Stand Out Student Book 4 appendix as well as lists of irregular verbs and verb conjugations. However you choose to use it, you'll find that the Stand Out Grammar Challenge 4 workbook isa flexible and effective grammar tool for teachers and students seeking challenging grammar instructionUNIT 3: Buying a Home. CHALLENGE 1 CHALLENGE 2 CHALLENGE 3 CHALLENGE 4 CHALLENGE 5 CHALLENGE 6 CHALLENGE 7 CHALLENGE 8 UNIT 4: Community CHALLENGE 1 CHALLENGE 2 CHALLENGE 3. CHALLENGE 4 CHALLENGE 5 CHALLENGE 6 CHALLENGE 7 CHALLENGE 8 Compound adjectives Comparative form of adjectives Superlative form of adjectives Comparative and superlative forms of adverbs Irregular comparative and superlative forms Questions with comparative and superlative adjectives Yes/no and wh- questions As many...as, as much...as Embedded questions: Wh- questions Embedded questions: Yes/no questions Embedded questions in statements Embedded questions with infinitive phrases Indirect questions Noun clauses after verbs and adjectives Making suggestions Can, could, should, and have to 19 20 21 22 23 24 2 26 27 28 8 31 32CONTENTS UNIT 1: Balancing Your Life CHALLENGE 1 Adjective clauses with that, which, and where 1 CHALLENGE 2 Adjective clauses with who, whom, and whose 2 CHALLENGE 3. Omission of the relative pronoun 3 CHALLENGE 4 Adjective clauses with indefinite compound pronouns 4 CHALLENGE 5 Used to in affirmative and negative statements 5 CHALLENGE 6 Use to in yes/no and wh- questions 6 CHALLENGE 7 Used to versus be used to 7 CHALLENGE 8 Modals and related expressions for suggestions, 8 advice, and necessity UNIT 2: Personal Finance . . CHALLENGE 1 Contrary-to-fact conditionals: Statements 9 CHALLENGE 2 Contrary-to-fact conditional: Yes/no questions 10 CHALLENGE 3 Contrary-to-fact conditionals: Wh- questions u CHALLENGE 4 Implied conditions 12 CHALLENGE 5. Wishes in the present B CHALLENGE 6 Future conditionals “14 CHALLENGE 7 Wishes for desired change 15 CHALLENGE 8 Should and should have 16UNIT 5: Health. .....0.:cccecescsee ss ccecencenencenee CHALLENGE 1 Present perfect continuous statements CHALLENGE 2 Present perfect continuous with for and since CHALLENGE 3 Present perfect continuous questions CHALLENGE 4 Review: Present perfect CHALLENGE 5 Present perfect versus present perfect continuous CHALLENGE 6 Indirect speech CHALLENGE 7 Indirect speech: Sequence of tenses CHALLENGE 8 Indirect speech: Modals UNIT 6: Getting Hired CHALLENGE 1. Restrictive adjective clauses | (CHALLENGE 2. Non-restrictive adjective clauses CHALLENGE 3. Restrictive versus non-restrictive adjective clauses CHALLENGE 4 Past perfect tense: Forms I CHALLENGE 5 Past perfect tense: Uses CHALLENGE 6 Past perfect tense with simple past tense CHALLENGE 7 Participles used as adjectives CHALLENGE 8 GeneralizationsUNIT 7: On the Job CHALLENGE 1 Passive voice: Form CHALLENGE 2. Passive voice: Overview of tenses CHALLENGE 3. Active to passive voice CHALLENGE 4 Verbs with two objects CHALLENGE 5 Tag questions: Present and future tenses CHALLENGE 6 Tag questions: Past tenses CHALLENGE 7 ‘Tag questions with indefinite compound pronouns and negative words CHALLENGE 8 ‘Two-word phrasal verbs UNIT 8: Civic Responsil CHALLENGE 1 Supposed to, required to, and allowed/permitted to CHALLENGE 2 Verb (+ object) + infinitive CHALLENGE 3 Causative verbs CHALLENGE 4 Gerunds and infinitives as subjects CHALLENGE 5. Passive modals in the present CHALLENGE 6 Passive modals in the past CHALLENGE 7 More passive modals in the present and past CHALLENGE 8 Passives with get APPENDIX Glossary of grammar terms ....-.0..2e000eeeeeeeeeees Grammar reference... .. Inregular verb forms ....----0-20+20eer eee eer eerste Conjugated verb list ........0000sseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees : 49 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 57 58 59 61 62 63is Life CHALLENGE 1 > Adje e clauses with that, which, and where nes mene suaect cause | Here isabook that (which) will improve your vocabulary. The town where | grew up is very small. : | Ilike the new car that (which) you bought. ~ An adjective clause is a group of words that describe the preceding noun. + an adjective clause can describe a subject noun or an object noun. + That, which, and where are relative pronouns. Relative pronouns connect th to the adjective clause. + Use that or whieh for things, Use where for places. @ cic the noun that the adjective clause describes. Underline the adjective clause. EXAMPLE: My wife works in th 1. The office where she works is not very far from our house. 2. The car that she drives to work is a reliable used car. 3, There is a good restaurant nearby where she eats lunch. 4. She keeps the plant that I gave her on her desk. 5, She has a schedule that keeps her very busy. 6. Her new project is the thing which she likes best about her job. 7. The deadlines that she gives her employees are always realistic. 8. . ‘The university where she takes courses at night is in the next town. oe Circle the correct relative pronoun to begin each adjective clause. EXAMPLE: Here are the problems((ha)/ where I talked to you about. 1. The job which / where I have now is not very interesting. 2, The place that / where I work is far away. 3. Ineed to buy a car that / where is reliable, but not expensive. ‘The neighborhood that / where I live does not have good schools. ‘The time manageiment strategies where / that I have been using are not working well 6. The car that / where my parents gave me doesn’t run well 7. Twant to get the training where / which is necessary for a job in the computer industry. 8, [would like to live in a town which / where there are better schools 9, I must find the time where / that I need to get everything done. (0. Thope that I can accomplish all the goals which / where I have set for myself sla tm ceeBalancing Your Life CHALLENGE 2 > Adjective clauses with who, whom, and whose eos ROmsockaes SUBJECT CLAUSE Mrs. Foley is the person who (that) influenced me the most. : Ihave a friend whose father is a career counselor. ‘OBJECT CLAUSE The project manager __ who (whom) | met today is from Brazil The woman who (whom) you spoke with is an intern. ‘The teacher whose advice | listen to suggests that I get more training. > With object clauses, the correct relative pronoun for people is whom. In conversation, who is used more often. + Use whose for possession. Whose substitutes for his, her, its, their, or a possessive noun. + Informal English, a preposition (to, with, of, about, etc) comes before the relative pronoun i in an object dause. In this case, only whom or whose can be used. ‘The woman with whom you spoke is an intern. 8 Complete each sentence with who or whom. AMPLE: Is your father the person __wha___ influenced you the most? 1. Thave a great teacher to ___ can tell all my problems. 2. The people __ Thave met at this school work hard and study hard. 3. Our English teacher likes students __ write down everything they need to do. 4, Students _____ have trouble with time management should make a “To Do” lis 5. The woman with ___T usually study has to work late today. 6. Theman________ Minh is talking about is attending school part-time. 7, [know a lot of people __are going to school full-time. 8. One person___T admire is going to school full-time and working part-time. eo Use the sentences in parentheses to form adjective clauses using whose. XAMPLE: I admire teachers _whose patience is endless. (‘Their patience is endless.) Thavea meeting with a counselor _ __. (Ican’t remember her name.) L 2. Students___ _are sure to succeed. (Their goals are realistic.) 3. Most students like teachers _ (Their explanations are clear) 4. Thavea friend — (Her brother teaches high school.) He has students __ ___ (Their work habits need improvement) 6. There is a boy __. (She can’t read his handwriting.) There is a git] — (Her homework is always late.) 8. Itsthe dass _. (Its grades are the worst in the school.) TnBalancing Your Life CHALLENGE 3 > Omission of the relative pronoun keke iene I don't like the course (that/which) [have on | When the relative pronoun is the object Monday night. of the adjective clause, the relative “ ‘Acounselor (who[m|/that) | know could give | pronoun is often omitted. you another perspective on the problem. (have never heard of the person (who[m]/that) | When the relative pronoun is the object of you are talking about. 2 preposition at the end of the adjective clause, it can also be omitted. Ere = When the-relative pronoun is the subject of the adjective clause, it cannot be omitted. Thave a schedule that keeps me busy from morning until night. Decide if the relative pronoun in each sentence can be omitted. If so, cross it out. If not, underline it. EXAMPLE: Trinh's family is very proud of the obstacles tA he has overcome. The dreams that he had for the future are now a realty He is going to attend the college that was his first choice 3. Inhigh school, Trinh had a teacher that he often went to see for advice. 4..-Mrs, Jones was the kind of person that always made time for her students. 5. She was the first person who Trinh met when he came to the United States. 6, Ttwas her advice about time management that helped Trinh with his school work. 7. Another student whom she helped is going to college to become a doctor. 8. Ihave never met a person that has had such a positive influence on so many people. oe Combine the two statements to make one statement. Do not use a relative pronoun if q it is not necessary. EXAMPLE! ‘Thave a new job. The job is near my house. _1 have a new job that is near my house. 1. Ishare the driving expenses with my friend. My friend lives near me. 2. Idon't have the experience. I need the experience to move up in my profession. 3, Thave written a goal chart. The goal chart has several steps and a completion date. 4. A counselor is helping me. I met the counselor last month. 5, This is the counselor. I talked to you about the counselor. came eeBalancing Your Life CHALLENGE 4 > Adjective clauses with indefinite compound pronouns Bead Etna Everyone who tries hard can succeed. The relative pronoun after an indefinite 1 don’t know anyone who is an architect. | compound can be the subject of the adjective Do you know someone who drives to work? | clause. In this situation, the relative pronoun é cannot be omitted. Everything (that) you do is fantastic. When the relative pronoun after the 3 I didn’t hear something (that) you said. indefinite compound is the object of the Nothing (that) he said was true. adjective clause, it is usually omitted. ~ An adjective cause can follow an indefinite compound pronoun, such as anyone, everyone, _ someone, no one, anything, everything, something, nothing. ey + In indefinite compounds: any = it doesn’t matter who/which; every = all; some = unknown/not specific; one = person. + An indefinite compound takes a singular verb. ie @ Complete each sentence with an indefinite compound pronoun. EXAMPLE: I know everyone __ who is in my evening class and I am friends with all of them. 1. She often studies with who lives near her. 2. I work far away, but unfortunately there Ican share the driving with. 3. I can’t think of ____ I nced to do for work tomorrow. i 4 he does makes his boss happy. She says he's doing a fantastic job. 5. you say will make them change their priorities. They are very determined. 6. He is always negative and he doesnt like who tells him what to do with his life. 7. Weare sure there is that we can do to help you. We always give you good advice. 8. who I work with keeps a “To Do” list. All my co-workers are well organized. oe Cross out the relative pronoun in each sentence if it is the object of the adjective clause. EXAMPLE: Everything tXt you do is very organized. L._know someone who manages her time well Nothing that he says is true. Did you learn anything that we should know too? ‘There's something that I want to help you with. Everyone who plans in advance will succeed. We don’t know anyone who doesn’t get burned out, ‘There's no one who gives good advice. Do you find time for everything that you need to do? You haven’t written anything that is a priority. 1 don't know anyone who has a positive attitude. o_oBalancing Your Life CHALLENGE 5 > Used to in affirmative and negative statements Ea Ero | Minh used to attend this school five years _ | ago, but now he goes to a different school. Structure of an affirmative used to + base verb | Bita didn’t use to go to school at night, but now she does. Structure of a negative statement: did not (didn’t) + use to + base verb @ used to + base verb to talk about a past habit or custom that was true for a period of — ‘the past, but is not true now. = = In the negative, omit the din used to. : = When using a clause that says what is true now, use either the simple present or do (don't)/does (doesn't). © write sentences about what the people used to/dldn’t use to do. EXAMPLE: my brother / not /live in Caracas _My brother didn’t use to live in Caracas. Maya / drive to work you / not / save money I / not / have time for my family ‘Teresa / have a different job we / attend school at night they / plan everything in advance Don / not / have a lot of patience 1 focus on the important things in life Fill in one blank in sentences 1-5 with used to/didn’t use to + base verb and the other blank with the simple present. EXAMPLE: Mr. Ray used to build (build) homes, but now he___teaches __ (teach) English. 1. Tara (not go) to school, but now she attend) school full-time. 21 (spend) a lot of money, but now I (save) my money. 3. Now we _ (live) in a house, but we (Gent) an apartment. 4. You (not speak) English, but now you (speak) wel. 5. Now! (assemble) computers, but I__ (not work). in the first blank in sentences 6-10 with used to/didn’t use to + base verb and the second blank with a form of do or does. EXAMPLE: You __ didn’t use to give _ (not give) me good advice, but now you __do 6. Boris ____ (have) time for exercise, but now he = 7. They — (not get) everything done, but now they 8. We (have) time for friends, but now we 9. Ahmed (not write) everything down, but now he se 10. You ~<__(get) burned out all the time, but now you__ quel es6 Use the words to write yes/no questions with use to. EXAMPLE: you / work part-time time? 1. he / ive with his family Lin / have time for friends you drive to work . 7 —— they / feel hopeful Yuri / exercise they / plan in advance you/ keep a schedule Dan / set goals eo Write wh- questions with use to to ask about the underlined portion of each answer. EXAMPLE: Q: _Who used to assemble computers? _ ‘A: Mario used to assemble computers. 1 @ 5. @ _ ‘A: Lused to work every day. ‘A: They used to study at night 2 Qe - 6 @ ‘Az She used to take the bus because she couldn't drive. _-_A:_-Bita used to live with her family. 3. Q@ 2 @ ‘Az We used to make jewelry As He used to build homes in Newtown 4. _ 8 @ ‘Az [used to attend classes at Glen Community College. A: Tused to get burned out because worked all the time wee ersBalancing Your Life CHALLENGE 7 » Used to versus be used to Ean Enon |.used to work part-tim: Used to + base verb is used to talk about 2 past habit or custom. ‘wait GERUND: Be used to + gerund or noun phrase means Rosa is used to managing her time. _| be accustomed to. It shows what is normal for ‘WH NOUN PHRASE: She is used to realistic goals. someone. + Omit the d in the negative of used to. I didn’t use to eat junk food. + Do not omit the d in the negative of be used to. We aren't used to working late. @ Find the mistake in the underlined words. Rewrite the sentence correctly. EXAMPLE: Weare used to live in a big city. You're used working full-time. fm not use to my new boss. Magda not used to attending school. They is used to writing everything down. ‘Are you used your new schedule? Emilio isnt.used to make a “To Do” lst. She used to difficult tasks. mused to bring my car to work, 6 Choose the correct words to complete each sentence. Fill in the bubble completely. EXAMPLE: 1__ T___get up at 8:00 am. Now I get up at 6:00 aa A Tam not used to Ididn't__ . Now 1__ this early bedtime. going to bed? — up so early. Did you ___ __be an assistant, but now Iam a manager. Iam used __ a schedule. 1 3. 4 5. What time are you __ 6. 8 9. Some of my employees __ 10. Tused to__ things to the last minute. {g0 to work at 9:00 A.M. Now I go at 7:00 A.M. A. am used to go to bed at 10:00 em., but now I have to go to bed late when you were a teenager? staying organized. A B.used to O° use to B. used to O° A. getting B. get ‘Oo A.useto B.used to O° A.used to B.amusedto O A. used to B.use to ° A.use to B. used to Oo A.amused to B. used to O° Adikeping Bleeping JG) A-arentuseto B.aren'tused to © A. leaving B leave O° OOCOCO0COCOCCO) eeBalancing Your Life a CHALLENGE 8 > Modals and related expressions for suggestions, advice, and necessity Ba Eien could You could buy a used car. should _| He should get more training. shouldn't “He shouldn't get burned out. have to We have to be positive. = not have to We don't have to get upset. need to Ineed to get exercise. not need to I don't need to rest. + Could and should are models. j + Have to and need to are expressions that are like modals in meaning. + Always use a base verb after a modal. Modals never take an -5, -ed, or -ing ending. + Expressions related to modals do take -s, -ed, and -ing endings. ae @ ‘Answer each question using the answer in parentheses. EXAMPLE: Should I get a new job? (yes) Yes ld get a new je Does she need to save money? (no) Could you buy a used car? (yes) Shouldn't he get more training? (yes) Do Thave to take more courses? (n0) Should we move closer to work? (yes) Don't you have to leave your job? (no) Should she ask someone for help? (yes) Doesn't he need to manage his time? (yes) oe Unscramble the words to write sentences with modals. EXAMPLE: needs to /a list of tasks /Juan/ make —_Juan needs to make a list of tasks. o / two tasks / should / simultaneously / he plan /1/ in advance fave to to thelast minute/ I / lave things / shouldn't you / your best / do / need to have / cduld / yu / more patience sacrifice / shouldn't / we / time with friends ‘we /everything/ accomplish / don't need to they / prioritize their tasks could 10. do/ don't have to / they / everything get bumed out / don'thave to / we So ene oePersonal Finance CHALLENGE 1 »> Contrary-to-fact conditionals: Statements n (if + subject + past tense verb) PP Cce a bee) If Thad a million dollars, I would buy a new house. If you didn’t have so much work, you would take a long vacation. If she were a smart consumer, she would read sales ads carefully. Iflweren't busy, 4 I would shop around. . = A contrary-to-fact statement is a sentence that is not true at this point in time. + A comma is used between the two clauses when the if cl + The if clause can come first or second. When it comes second, no ‘comma is used. I would buy a new house if I had a million dollars. + In the if clause, use were instead of was with I, he, she, and it. @ Circle the condition. Underline the result. EXAMPLE: Lwould buy a new house (ff I earned) enough for the mortgage payments. Ifhe had a credit card, he would charge all his purchases. I would buy a new car if I saved more money. If she weren't so busy, she would do more research on the Interne. If I didn’t need more money, I would retire next year You would have money for all your monthly expenses if you adjusted your budget. If he were a smart consumer, he would go online to make his purchases. Ifyou read the return policy, you would see that you cannot get a full refund. ‘We would have extra money if we didn’t travel so much. 6 Complete each sentence with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. EXAMPLE: IfMaya went (go) to technical school, she __would get _ (get) a better job. 1. She______(save) alot of money if she (be) careful with her figaneces. 2. Ifshe____——————_(not work) so much, she__ (have) more time, 3. Her husband Marco _____ (buy) a new computer ifhe 4, If they (read) the sales ads carefully, they 5. If (be) Maya, I (shop) around, 6.. Ifwe (not be) so busy, we 7. Marco (give) money to charity if he 8. Ifyou__ (have) extra money, you 9. Marco and Maya (take) a vacation if they much money on their rent. 10. If the _____ (win) the lottery, they__“S nd travel YPersonal Finance CHALLENGE 2 » Contrary-to-fact conditionals: Yes/no questions Ee ees If you had more money, would you buy a car? Yes, would. No, | wouldn't. If he didn’t have so much work, would he take a vacation? | Yes, he would. No, he wo If they weren't busy, would they shop around? Yes, they would. No, they + Ayes/no question in a contrary-to-fact conditional is formed in the result clause. + The if clause can come first or second. When it comes second, no comma is used. Would you buy a car if you had more money? @ Write a question using each statement. EXAMPLE: If you gota raise, you would have extra money for entertainment. If you got a raise, would you have extra money for entertainment? 1. If he didn't spend so much money on rent, he would give more to charity. 2. Martina would travel more if she weren't so busy 3, Ifwe had more time to relax, we would visit friends and family. 4. If Tcalculated my expenses, I would be able to adjust my budget. 5. ‘They would shop online if they had a new computer. 6 Complete each question using the words given. Then answer the question. EXAMPLE: (buy new furniture) If you had a bigger apartment, would you buy new furniture? (no) No, J wouldn't. : (get approved for a loan) If he didn't owe so much money, = (yes) 3__ = 2. (be persuaded to buy it) If you saw a special offer for a new car, (no) 3. (writea leter of complaint) If she did't like the product, (yes) — 4. (have to pay alate fee) IFthey were late with their payment, (yes) 5. (pay an annual fee) If applied for a debit card, (no)Personal Finance CHALLENGE 3 > Contrary-to-fact conditional: Wh- questions Te eee ed Ifyou won the lottery, what would you do? If he had more free time, how would he spend it? If she were retired, where would she live? Awh- question in a contrary-to-fact conditional is formed in the result clause. + The if clause can come first or second. When it comes second, no comma is used. What would you do if you won the lottery? I would give up my job. He would take a vacation. She would live in Arizona. 0 Complete each sentence according to the example. EXAMPLE: If Lin worked (work) in New York, where would she live (live)? 1. Ifyou (not / live) inthe city, where (buy) a house? 2. How much (need) if he __ (buy) a house? 3. IfYoko__(get) a mortgage, what ) monthly? 4. Who (borrow) the money from if we (not / have) the down payment? 5. If (be) approved for a loan, when (need) to pay it back? 6. Ifthey (have) enough cash, why ___ (pay) with a creditcard? oe Complete the wh- question for the underlined portion of each answer. EXAMPLE: QrlfT didn’t like a product I bought, _ what would Lhave to write? ‘A: You would have to write a leticr of complaint 1. Q¢IfI didn't know the address of the company, —__ A; You would find it on the Internet. 2. QelfMinh didn’t like his meal in a restaurant, _ ‘A: He would complain to the restaurant manager. Q: If he wrote a letter of complaint, en indude mn of the problem, 4. QPif you wrote a business letter, A: I would put my return address at the top. 5. Qzlfyou sent the letter, A: Lwould expect an answer in about two weeks. 6. Q¢lf they had a problem, A: They would complain because they would expect better service next time,Personal Finance CHALLENGE 4 > Implied conditions ed erent | would consider buying a used car. Sometimes the condition is not stated, Its implie ‘Would they buy a used computer? The implication is “if it were possible” or “if the opportunity presented itself” He would want to buy a Rolls Royce. Would want presents a hypothetical situation. Would you want to live by the ocean? + Would is followed by the base verb. + Would want is followed by an infinitive. Qo Write statements and questions with would + base verb. \MPLE: I /lease a car / Lwould lease a car. 1. you/do research on the Internet / 2 2. we / shop around before buying a TV / 3. he/ consider bargain offers /? 4. they / read sales ads carefully /. © write statements and questions with would want + infinitive. EXAMPLE: she / be a millionaire /. —She would want to be a millionaire. you / have more money /? they / rete and travel / 1/ give more money to charity / he / buy a new house /? oe Answer each question with yes or no and a complete answer. EXAMPLE: Would you buy a used car? (no) _No. wouldn't buy a used car. ‘Would you want to move to a new city? (yes) Would he,want to be a financial planner? (yes) Would we'get approved for a loan? (no) Would she give us the down payment? (yes) Would she open a money market account? (yes) Would I need collateral for a loan? (no) Would they want to do a credit check? (yes) 8. Would you make a financial commitment? (no) eeeCHALLENGE 5 > Wishes in the present Cee Beene You wish you earned a lot of money. I wish | didn’t owe a lot of money. We are not rich. We wish we were rich. He can’t budget his money well. He wishes he could budget his money better. + The verb wish is used for things that are not true at the time of the wish, + Use the past tense after wish, like in the if lause of an unreal condition. If | had a better job, | would be happy. — | wish | had a better job. + With be, the correct form for all subjects is were. + Use could as the past form of can. You don’t earn a lot of money. Lowe a lot of money. 0 Choose the correct verb to complete each sentence. Fill in the bubble completely. A EXAMPLE: Ivan wishes he __ a credit card. A.has B. had om | 1. They wish they ___ give a large down payment. A. have to B.didn'thaveto OQ O 2. Ana wishes the bank ___ an annual fee. A. didn’t charge —_B. charges oo 3, We wish our credit limit __ higher. A.were Bis oo 4. Iwish the credit application so complicated. Av isn't B. weren't QO 5. They wish they __ to ask for a loan. A.didntneed B.don'tneed © O 6. You wish the interest rate __ lower. A. were Beare oo 7. Luis wishes he a financial planner. A. have B.had oOo 8. Iwish you___ mea loan. A. could give B.can give oo eo Complete each sentence with a wish about the present. EXAMPLE: I don’t have a camera. I wish I hod. a camera, 1. Thisad for cameras doesn't give much information. I wish it more information, 2. The information in ads is not always truthful. I wish the information truthful 3. I can't trust the ads from this store. I wish [__ their ads. 4, This Canyon camera costs a lot. We wish it so much, 5. The Niken camera doesn't have a zoom lens. We wish it zoom lens. 6. You don’t have the coupon. You wish you the coupon. 7. Lim can't pay for the camera with a credit card. She wishes she ith a credit card. 8. The Minertia camera doesn't offer a lot of features. She wishes it more features. 9. We don't know the truth about this product. We wish we the truth, 10. Without the truth, we can’t make an informed decision. We wish we an informed decision. meee jesPersonal Finance CHALLENGE 6 > Future conditionals Gee ek eee eer) If you open an account, you will receive free checking. If she saves enough money, she will buy a house, Ifthe accountant is in the office tomorrow, _he will do our taxes. + A future conditional sentence tells about something that may happen in the future. + The if clause can come first or second. When the if clause comes first, a comma is used between the two clauses. When it comes second, no comma is used. will open an account if the rates are good. @ Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. EXAMPLE: If we _____bring __ (bring) lunch to work, we will save. (save) money. Ifyou (plan) carefully, you _ (have) enough money for a vacation 1 2. They (purchase) a new television if the store (have) a sale. 3. W__(buy) acomputer,I__(shop) online. 4 (get) a raise if my manager __ ___ (give) me a promotion. 5. If Marco (go) shopping today, he (buy) fruit and vegetables. 6. Ishe ____ (get) a credit card, she (charge) her purchases 2. Ifyou (save) a little money every day, you _ (have) a lot of 8. They ____ (know) how much money they need if they (make) a budget Find the mistake in each sentence and rewrite the future conditional sentence correctly. 1, Shehave enough money to purchase a new stereo if she works part-time. 2. If-we got a loan, we will buy a house. 3. He will find a bargain, if he compares prices. 4. If Thave time I will go to the bank before I go to work. I we will move to a smaller apartment, we will spend less money on rent. we oeCHALLENGE 7 > Wishes for desired change ued I wish you would make a budget. I want you to make a budget. | She wishes he wouldn't buy anew couch. _| She doesn’t want him to buy a new couch. You wish he would be careful with his money. | You want him to be careful with his moné + Use would + base verb after wish to show a person wants something to happen or change. + Wish without would does not express a desire for change. I wish you had a credit card. (I'm unhappy you don't have one) I wish you would get a credit card. (I want you to get one.) @ For each situation, write a wish for desired change. EXAMPLE: I want him to stick to his budget. _Lwish he would stick to his budget. 1. He wants the bank to give him ajoan. ‘We want her to hire a firfttctal planner. They don’t want me to get a ctedit card. 4. Iwant you to write a leter of complaint. You don’t want them to buy a new car She wants him to calculate his expenses. You want me to ask about a warrant ‘We want the store to refund our money. Use the verbs in the box to complete the sentences to show a desire for something to happen or change. Some sentences have more than one possible answer. adjust itemize get pay charge offer keep determine give tell have EXAMPLE: I wish advertisements would tell the truth about products. 1. He wishes the bank a smaller annual fee for the credit card 2. You wish she _ her credit card bill within a month. 3, We wish the bank a longer grace period for payment. 4. Lwish I a low introductory rate on my credit card. 5. She wishes her credit card additional benefits. 6. Sam wishes his credit card him frequent flyer miles. 7. Lwish you your monthly expenses. 8. You wish I track of how much money I spend. 9. Wewish you ____ your budget so that you have some money left over. 0. He wishes she a budget and stick to it seer JoeCHALLENGE 8 » Should and should have “Wher Beas Youshould’chonercundietes You should have shopped around before bt He shouldn't buy a new car. He shouldn’t have bought a new car. Should we get a credit card? Should we have gotten a credit card? re should | buy a couch? Where should | have bought a couch? for advice about a present situation, use should + base verb. tab jtuation, use shot + past participle. © use the answerin parentheses to tll the people what they should or should not do. 5 Q ise the words in parentheses to tell the people what they should or should not have "EXAMPLE: I went shopping at Anderson’s Department Store. (shop online) XAMPLE: Should I apply fora credit card? (yes) dit Should he calculate his monthly expenses? (yes) Should we spend so much money? (n0) Shouldn't she go online to shop? (yes) Should I buy a new digital camera? (no) Should they get an extended warranty? (no) Shouldn't you shop around before buying? (yes) Shouldn't we pay with a credit card? (no) Should I get a debit card? (yes) _You should have shopped online. at 65) Maria didn’t retire until she was 70. (ret We bought a new car, but we were unhappy with the salesperson. (write a letter to complain) ‘They couldn't keep track of their expenses. (make a budget and stick to it) You saw an ad for a digital camera for $50, but the store charged $79. (not trust the advertisement) T bought a new DVD player, but it didn't work, (return it and ask for a refund) He paid his credit card bill late and was charged a penalty. (pay within the grace period)Buying a Ho: CHALLENGE 1 » Compound adjectives ens Enon I want to buy a thr droom house. number + not Kenji is a foreign-born citizen. ‘adjective + past participle » See We placed a full-price offer on the house. | adjective + noun = Compound adjectives are two words used together to modify a noun. = Use a hyphen between the words ina compound adjective. _ Complete each sentence using the words in parentheses. Put the words in the correct order and place a hyphen between them. EXAMPLE: (car / one) This condominium has a ‘one-car. garage. 1, (hour / 24) It also has @ security system, 2. (built / in) I wish it had a closet in the bedroom, 3. (bedroom / two) My friends, the Bwaries, are now renting a house. 4. (family / single) They would like to buy a house. 5. (two / car) They hope the house will have a garage. 6. (time J first) They will get a loan from a bank that helps. buyers. 7. (price / full) Their agent told them not to make a _ offer at first. 8. (low / ball) But they shouldn't make a offer either, eo Unscramble the words to write sentences with compound adjectives. EXAMPLE: foreign / a / citizen / born / Max is 1. heis/ time / homeowner / first /a 2. a/he bought / bedroom / house / three 3, ranch / itis / house / a / style 4, garage / the house has /a / car / three 5. floor / a/ first /it has / laundry room 6. a/ithas / second / master suite / floor in / going to add / built / Max is / storage 8. security system /a/ hour / he also wants / 24eee Buying a Home CHALLENGE 2 > Comparative form of adjectives Deis PRe en ciaticn ce aul One-syllable adjectives cheap cheaper ‘One-syllable adjectives that end in - safe safer ‘One-syllable adjectives that end in big bigger consonant-vowel-consonant Two syllable adjectives that end in -y cozy corier Other two-syllable adjectives recent more recent, a Some fuo-syllable adjectives have two forms | quiet quieter or more quiet friendly friendlier or more frien ‘Adjectives with three or more syllables expensive _ | more expensive + Use the comparative form to compare two things. + If the second item is expressed, use than before it. New York is bigger than Los Angeles. o Write the comparative form of these adjectives. EXAMPLE: close ____eloser. L. secluded 6. spacious 2. flat 7. beautiful 3. noisy 8. quiet 4. comfortable 9. small 5. dark 10. nice EXAMPLE: Oakville is / friendly / my old town __ Oakville is friendlier than my old town. 1, the house is / expensive / the condominium the bedroom is / dark / kitchen I want a / comfortable living room the other house has / pretty gardens I want a house / close to the schools this old house is / cheap / that new house the new house has / a big backyard your agent charges low fees / my agentBuying a Home CHALLENGE 3 » Superlative form of adjectives, Dee Beka One-syllable adjectives cheap the cheapest One-syllable adjectives that end in -e safe the safest Bot One-syliable adjectives that end in big the biggest £ consonant-vowel-consonant ‘Two-syllable adjectives that endin-y __| cozy the coziest Other two-syllable adjectives recent the most recent Some two-syllable adjectives have quiet the quietest or the most quiet ‘two forms friendly the friendliest or the most friendly Adjectives with three or more syllables | expensive _| the most expensive + Use the superlative form to compare one thing to two or more things. + A prepositional phrase is sometimes used at the end of a superlative sentence. My town is the friendliest town in the world. @ Choose the correct superlative form. Fill in the bubble completely. EXAMPLE: This parkin the ci. Athemoreprety Buthepreniet = O@ 1, They bought house in the neighborhood. —_A. the most big B. the biggest oo 2. Do you think New York is___city in the U.S.2__A. the noisiest B. the noisier oo 3. Which city is___ city in the state? A. the more safe B. the safest oOo 4, Luis is buying the apartment on __ floor. A. the most high B. the highest Ooo 5, You want to buy __ house in the area. A. the secluded B. the most secluded OQ O 6. 1 want to buy __ house I can afford. ‘A. the most expensive B. the more expensive Q OQ. oO Write superlative sentences using the words in parentheses. EXAMPLE: He bought a house. (cheap / in Baytown) _He bought the cheapest house in Baytown, L. Ihave an apartment. (spacious / in my building) Before buying a house, you should look at sales. (recent / in the neighborhood) She is using the real estate agency that charges a fee. (low / of all the agencies) 4. [plan to negotiate with the seller. (motivated / of all the homeowners) 5. We live in a cottage. (cozy / on the street)jeter Buying a Home CHALLENGE 4 > Comparative and superlative forms of adverbs Dreenoe Seka One-syllable adverbs fast faster the fastest All other adverbs quickly more quickly the most q + Use the comparative form to compare how an action is done by two different people or thi | drive more safely than my sister drives. * Use the superlative form to compare how an action is done by one person or thing ‘compared to how it is done by two or more people or things. We waited the longest of all our friends to buy a house. @ Complete each sentence with the comparative form of the adverb in parentheses. EXAMPLE: (carefully) The next time I buy a house, I will choose an inspector _more carefully 1. (thoroughly) The inspector I used should have done his job 2, (closely) He should have looked at everything 3. (hard) I think he should have worked than he dig. 4. (slowly) He also should have worked in order to find any defects. 5. (quickly) He said I asked him to work 6. (patiently) I think he misunderstood. I told him to work 7. (calmly) Maybe I should have spoken with him than I did. 8. (long) Then he probably would have worked and done a better job. oO Maria, Bruno, and Alex are real estate agents. Write superlative sentences about them. Follow the example. EXAMPLE: Maria, Bruno, and Alex work patiently with first-time home buyers. (Maria) ‘Maria works the most patiently with first-time home buyers. 1, Maria, Bruno, and Alex respond quickly to clients’ phone calls. (Alex) 2. Maria, Bruno, and Alex act calmly when negotiating a home price. (Maria) 3. Maria, Bruno, and Alex always work hard to help clients find a-home they can afford. (Bruno) 4. Maria, Bruno, and Alex find homes for clients easily. (Alex) 5, Maria, Bruno, and Alex think carefully before telling clients to make a low--bal offer on a home. (Bruno) 6. Maria, Bruno, and Alex act fast when a new home comes on the market. (Maria)Buying a Ho: CHALLENGE 5 » Irregular comparative and superlative forms Se rerecutar apsecrves | good better the best bad worse the worst far farther the farthest = little less the least much/many more the most IRREGULAR ADVERBS well better the best badly worse the worst a little less the least alot more the most @ Circle the correct sentence. EXAMPLE: Think best before buying your next house. /(Think well before buying your next house.) 1. Look for the best real estate agent in the business. / Look for the bester real estate agent in the business. ‘Ask most questions if necessary. / Ask more questions if necessary. Take the most time comparing prices. / Take the more time comparing prices. Don't spend more than you can afford. / Don't spend morer than you can afford. Choose the home that you like the bestest. / Choose the home that you like the best, Find the home that needs the less amount of work. / Find the home that needs the least amount of work. Choose the house with the better price. / Choose the house with the more better price. Don't buy the home the farthest from your job. / Don’t buy the home the farther from your job. Complete each sentence with the comparative or superlative form of the word in parentheses. EXAMPLE: (good) I think May is the best month to buy a house 1. (many) There are houses available in the spring than in the winter 2. (good) Home buyers sometimes get prices in the spring than in the winter 3._ (little) Unfortunately, good real estate agents are _ available in the spring than in the winter. 4. (bad) Sometimes banks have mortgage terms of the year in the spring. 5. (well) Some people don't use an agent, but you can negotiate if you have one. 6. (alot) If you can’t find the right house, you may have to tell your agent to look around 7. (little) Don't buy a home in desirable neighborhood, 8. (more) Find a home with ____space for the money. meme eeeBuying a Home CHALLENGE 6 » Questions with comparative and superlative adjective: Cre) Which Sc Coenen) bigger? the safest? ‘more rooms? the biggest floor plan? Which Cr Brera eee The condominium is bigger than the house. The condominium is bigger. Which one is bigger, | The condominium. the condominium or the house? The house has more rooms than the condominium. The house has more rooms. Which place has more rooms, the condominium or the house? The house. Use be when follow with an adjective. Use have before an adjective + noun. When talking about tw things, and mentioni both of them, use than, When talking about two things, but only mentioning one of them, do not use than. @ Complete each question with is or has. EXAMPLE: Which house has — a bigger master suite? 1. Which place the least expensive? 5. Which condominium 2. Which house the biggest backyard? 6. ‘Which property 3. Which seller the most motivated? 7. Which bank 4, Which home the most recent upgrades? 8. Which cottage Write a long answer for each question. Begin each sentence with the underlined words and use than in the answer. EXAMPLE: Which house is cheaper, the old one or the new one? The old one is cheaper than the new one! 1, Which neighborhood is safer, the Oak Street neighborhood or the State Road neighborhood? Which real estate agency nore agents, Real Homes or True Life? 3. Which home inspector is more careful, Mrs, Poulin or Mr. Reilly? older? the newest kitchen? the best interest rate? the most secluded? see oes 4. Which bank has lower interest rates, Newtown Bank or National Bank? 5. Which property has more amenities, the condominium or the country cottage?Buying a Home CHALLENGE 7 > Yes/no and wh- questions Yes/no question Aer Do you want air conditioning? Yes, | do. No, | don't. - Do they need a garage? Yes, they do. No, they don't. Does the house have a pool? Yes, it does. No, it doesn't. eee rete What type of property do you want? [want a house. How many bedrooms does it have? It has three bedrooms. Where is it? its on High Street. How much can you put down? can put down $10,000. + Wh- questions start with who, what, where, when, why, or how. Read each statement. First write a yes/no question with the words in parentheses. Then write a short answer. EXAMPLE: I wanta pool. (you) Do you want a pool? (no) No, Ldon‘t. 1. You prefer a two-car garage. (Tan) a (yes) 2. They want a fixer-upper. (we) _ (no) 3. Ana needs an enclosed yard. (you) _ (yes) 4. like the new patio. (Maria) (no) 5. We have to make an offer. (you) (yes) 6. The house has a fireplace. (the cottage) (yes) 7. Lee likes the location, (they) (yes) 8. You have the down payment. (she) (no) eo Unscramble the words to write wh- questions. EXAMPLE: price range / what / your / is What is your price range? you / how / want / bathrooms / do / many your / is/ who / real estate agent time / is / this Sunday / what / the open house the counteroffer / is / much / how _ _ when / do / the inspection / the inspector / can the house / for / what /is/ the asking price rather / where /live / would / you of / what / the condominium / are / the advantagesee eo CHALLENGE 8 > As many...as, as much...as end This house has as many bedrooms To show that two count nouns are equal or the other one. equal in quantity, use as many + count noun 4 ‘My agent doesn’t have as much time —_| To show that two non-count nouns are equal or for me as | would like. not equal in quantity, use as much + no: noun +s. oO Complete each sentence with as many...as or as much...as. EXAMPLE: This property has__as many ___ advantages _as__ the other one. 1. Idon't have ____ money _I need for the down payment. 2. Youneed to goto__ banks _ possible to get a mortgage. 3. Tcan use __advice ___ you can give me. 4. She wants to look at__ houses _ possible. ‘The condominium doesn't have upgrades _ the cottage. 6. But it does have amenities _ the cottage. 7. Tdon’t have time for looking at houses today _ I did yesterday. 8. We hope you have happiness in your new home __ we do in ours eo Change these sentences so that they use as many...as or as much...as. EXAMPLE: The house costs more money than the condominium, The condominium doesn’t cost __as much money as the house. 1. The condominium needs more work than the country cottage. The country cottage doesn’t need 2, The rural residence has more nice views than the downtown skyrise. The downtown skyrise doesn’t have 3. Real Home Agency has more agents than True Life Agency. True Life Agency doesn't have 4. have more experience negotiating than you do. You don't have Minh saves more money from his paycheck than Tom does. ‘Tom doesn’t save 6. His broker charges more money than my broker. My broker doesn’t chargeCommunity CHALLENGE 1 » Embedded questions: Wh- questions art nee et ‘Where is Orange Avenue? Can you show me ‘where Orange Avenue is? “When does the library open? Do you know when the library opens? = An embedded question is a question that is placed within another question or statement. + Use an embedded question to make a question more polite. = In an embedded wh- question, the subject comes before the verb. + The auxiliaries do/does are not used in embedded questions. o Find the wh- questions in each embedded question. EXAMPLE: Will you show me where the stores are? _Where are the stores? Can you tell me when the bus comes? ‘Would you show me where the station is? Do you know who the museum director is? Do you remember what his name is? _ ‘Can you explain why you were late? Do you know how I can join the book club? Will you explain what the rules are? Could you tell me when the bank closest — 6 Change each question to an embedded question using the expression in parentheses. EXAMPLE: When does the Department of Motor Vehicles open? (Do you know...) Do you know when the Department of Motor Vehicles opens? 1. Where is the skate park? (Can you explain...) 2. What time does the senior center close? (Do you remember...) 3. Why isn't the health clinic open today? (Can you tell m 4, What days is the library open? (Do you know...) 5. Who is head of the Chamber of Commerce? (Could you tell me...) 6. What time do the buses stop running at night? (Would you tell me...)Community CHALLENGE 2 > Embedded questions: Yes/no questions tee ed Can you tell me Do you know. Do you remember Is the library near here! Does the pool open at 8:00? Does the museum close at 9:00? + For yes/no questions, use if before the embedded question. Gite red the library is near he! if the pool opens at 8:00? 4a if the museum closes at 9:00? _ + In embedded yes/no questions, the subject usually comes before the verb. One exception — is embedded yes/no questions with there is/there are. Can you tell me if there is a bank in this neighborhood? + The auniliaries do/does are not used in embedded questions. @ Change each question to an embedded question using the expression in parentheses. EXAMPLE: Is the library open today? (Do you know...) Do you know if the library is open today? = 1. Does the library have an extensive collection of audiovisual materials? (Do you know...) ‘Can the reference materials be checked out? (Do you remember...) 3. Am [allowed to check out two videos at a time? (Can you tell me. ) Is the reading room open every Tuesday? (Do you know...) 5. Can Laccess the Internet at the library? (Could you tell me...) Is there a time limit for using the computers? (Can you tell me...) Are there computers in the children’s reading room? (Do you know Does the library offer a literacy program? (Would you tell me...) Does the library need volunteers to help out? (Do you know...) ) 10, Is there a room available for public meetings? (Do you remember. ) eelCommunity CHALLENGE 3 > Embedded que: ns in statements Ce Bene Gree eect wit QUESTION as ‘Where can he sign up for baseball? | i'm not sure where he can sign up for baseball. When does the shoe store open? _| You have no idea_ when the shoe store opens. YES/NO QUESTION Are there books on tape in the library?| Please tell me __ if there are books on tape in the library Does he use a computer? | wonder iffhe uses 2 computer. + The auxiliaries do/does are not used in embedded questions. + For yes/no questions, use if before the embedded question, + In embedded questions, the subject usually comes before the verb. One exception is embedded yes/no questions with there is/there are. oO Rewrite each question as an embedded question. Use if for yes/no questions. EXAMPLE: Do volunteers ask for money? T'm not sure _if volunteers ask for money. 1. What else do volunteers do? You should ask 2. When can she give her speech? Please tell me 3. Are you the president of the organization? Td like to know 4. Where do we make phone calls? Iwonder 5. Is there an English class at that school? Let me know __ 6. Who will keep track of the money that has been donated? He needs to decide 7. Are there any parks in her neighborhood? don't know 8. Do you want to make decorations or talk to people? ‘You should decide 9. Who is the director of the volunteers? Nobody knows 10. Does anyone want to clean up after the meeting? It’s important to knowCommunity CHALLENGE 4 > Embedded questions with infinitive phrases Geren Geo ee He doesn't know what he should do. He doesn't know what to do. Please tell me how I can find the freeway. Please tell me how to find the freeway. We can't decide whether (or if) we should stay. | We cant decide whether to stay. + Some embedded questions with can, could, and should can be shortened with an infinitive | phrase if the subject of each clause in the sentence is the same. + Whether has the same meaning as if. Use whether before an infinitive instead of if. + Use an infinitive after know how. He doesn't know how to play the guitar. 0 Choose the correct completion for each sentence. Fill in the bubble completely. AB EXAMPLE: I have no idea__ the map. A.how read —_B. how to read Coe 1. They need to decide __ at the hotel or the motel. A. if to stay B. whether to stay © O 2. He never remembers what he A.shoulddo —B. todo oO 3. She's not sure___ for directions. A. who ask B. who to ask OOo 4. Idon't know whether __ the interstate. A. ifto take B. to take OOo 5. You don't knowhow __ to the airport. Atoget Baget oo 6. Please tell us what highway we __ A.to take B. can take 0° 8 Rewrite each sentence using an infinitive phrase. EXAMPLE: I don't know what I should do about my book club meeting I don't know _what to do about my book club meeting. i ‘We have no idea how we can sign up for the volleyball league. We have no idea — 2. He can’t decide what he should wear to the concert in the park He can’t decide __ 3. Please tell me how I can get to the stadium. Please tell me _4 4, My brother doesn’t know how he can access the Internet. My brother doesn’t know 5. Consuela doesn't know what she should do to meet people. Consuela doesn’t know 6. You'd like to find out where you could have your wedding, You'd like to find out ee looCommunity CHALLENGE 5 > Indirect que: rect question Indirect que: ‘ He asked, “Where is the campground?" | He asked where the campground wa: uesnion | They asked, “How far are you going?” | They asked how far you were going. yes/wo | You asked, “Are we stopping now?” You asked if we were stopping now. ‘guestion | We asked, “Did you see the rest stop?” | We asked if you had seen the rest stop. + An indirect question reports on what someone asked. + Use statement word order in an indirect question. Use a period at the end. + For yes/no questions, use if before the subject. + Follow this sequence of tenses: DIRECT QuesTION INDIRECT QUESTION simple present simple past present continuous past continuous simple past past perfect e Find the mistake in each reported question. Rewrite the question correctly. EXAMPLE: Tasked where the parks are located. _asked where the parks were located, —_ She asked he was coming. We asked when were they going to the gym asked “what book you had borrowed” You asked if we did turn left at the corner. 5. He asked if which highway we were taking. eo Change each direct question to an indirect question. Use if for yes/no questions. EXAMPLE: He asked, “Where does she take guitar lessons?” —He asked where she took guitar lessons, 1, My mother asked, “Do they go to summer camp every year?” 2. Joe asked, “When is she taking an arts and crafts class?” 3. The woman asked, “Did he join a summer volleyball league?” 4. Her parents asked, “What time does the marathon start?” 5. The man asked, “Is there a bingo game tonight?”Community CHALLENGE 6 » Noun clauses after verbs and adjectives Gea renee Kwan says that her college tuition is high. | A noun clause can follow certain verbs. We think that the city should build a playground, im worried that Il miss the parade. A noun clause can follow certain adjeci Are you sure that you'll find the airport? to act as a sentence complement. + Anoun clause can follow these verbs: believe, complain, decide, emphasize, forget, hope know, realize, remember, say, think. * Anoun clause can follow these adjectives: be afraid, be amazed, be clear, be disappointe: be happy, be sure, be surprised, be worried. + In spoken language, that before a noun clause is often omitted. A) Unscramble the words to write statements and questions with noun clauses. EXAMPLE: that / our community needs a park / emphasized / the committee / The committee emphasized that our community needs a park. 1. -wortied / that / Alex / was / the directions were wrong /? he was not re-elected / disappointed / was / the mayor / that /. 3. that / they / Friday is the day to recycle / did / forget /? 4. was//that / she /joined our book club / happy] 5. 1/ there are no malls in this neighborhood / that / surprised / am / oe Circle the correct word(s) to complete each sentence. EXAMPLE: We chose / decided )that we would build our own home, 1. They said Ltold that we should meet them in town. ‘We hope / wish that you can come to the movie with us, My friend afraid / was afraid that she lost her wallet You were surprised / were confused that the prices were so high. ‘My parents are happy / are cheerful that Iam going to a nearby college Elena wants hopes that you will come to the concert tonight, 1 am sure /am believe that a new gym is opening in our neighborhood. 8. We complained / objected that there are not enough garbage cans in the park. molesCHALLENGE 7 > Making suggestions Brea Ed Why don’t we go to the park? Do you want to see ‘a movie? Let's invite him. We could eat at the café. How about joining ‘a book club? 0 Find the mistake in each sentence and rewrite the sentence correctly. EXAMPLE: We could seeing a movie tonight. We could see a movie tonight 1. Why we don't go to the bookstore? Let’s taking mom to a nice restaurant for her birthday. 3. Do you want play baseball in the park? 4, How about go to a museum this afternoon? Let join the community center. 6 Unscramble the words to write suggestions EXAMPLE: train / could / to run / in the marathon / we / We could train to run in the marathon. 1. we//use/ the computers / don’t /at the library / why /? 2. taking / how / guitar lessons / about / ? want / do / volunteer / to / you / at the hospital / 7 eat /at the new Italian restaurant / let's / tonight / could / we / in the public pool / swim / 6. looking / about / for an apartment / on the community bulletin board / how /?CHALLENGE 8 » Can, could, should, and have to Go planation ‘You can eat at the Mexican restaurant. Can and could are used to offer a suggestion We could go to the bookstore. when there is more than one choice. They should go to the library today. Should/shouldn’t is used when the: You shouldn't be late for your class. recommended choice. Thave to go to the Department ofF Have to is used for necessity. It is stronger than Motor Vehicles. should. + Can and could have the same meaning when making suggestions. + Could does not have a past meaning in this case: oe Circle the most appropriate words to complete the sentences. EXAMPLE: I have a test tomorrow. I could /Ghouldn’))go to the movies tonight. 1. He is sick. He can't go to the museum, He has to /can stay in bed all day. ‘We don’t know what to do today. We could / should go to the skate park or to the movies. My mother says I have to /can take any class I want at the Community Center. ‘There's my fitness instructor. I should / can say hello to her. ‘There are so many things to do. You could / have to see a movie, go to @ restaurant, or go to a museum, If I want to run a marathon, I should / can get some advice from a fitness instructor first. eo ‘Complete each sentence with could, should, shouldn't, or have/has to. EXAMPLE: He isa great athlete. He could. join any team he wants. 1, I don’t feel very well today. I g0 to the health clinic. 2. His driver’ license isnt valid, He__ _____get a new one at the Department of Motor Vehicles 3. We don't know what to do today. We .g0 swimming or play baseball. 4. If you want to run in the marathon, you ___ send in the registration form, 5. She doesn't have a lot of money. She shop at expensive stores. 6. Ifyou want to be a volunteer, you __ _____ask if they need someone at the senior center. 7. You also try the library, the community center, or the hospital 8. Istart work at the library very early. I ___ get up at 6:00 aw. 9. You don’t have a lot of free time tonight. You rent three videos 10. Liza is going to work full-time this summer. She find a summer camp for her kids. wel ecHealth CHALLENGE 1 > Present perfect continuous statements Subject has/have Ua arrimmarve | He has been studying since 9:00 Am. STATEMENT. [7 have been exercising for an hour Eras been necamve [He has not been working starement [You haven't been going *The present perfect continuous emphasizes the duration of an activity or state that started in the past and continues in the present. It also shows that an activity has been in progress recently. + With some verbs (work, live, teach), there is no difference in meaning between the present perfect and the present perfect continuous: | have lived/have been living here since 2000. + Some verbs are not usually used in the continuous form: be, believe, hate, have, know, like, want. os @ Choose the correct completion for each sentence. Fill in the bubble completely. AB EXAMPLE: Josef to improve his health lately. A. has trying B.has been trying O@ 1. He __ alot of fast food. A. haven't been eating —_B. hasn't been eating OQ O 2. You __ well recently ‘Achaven't been sleeping B. haven't been sleep OQ O 3. You __ about your school work. Aches been worrying B, have be worrying OO 4, 1__ enough recently ‘A. haven't been exercising B. haven't be exercising CQ. OQ 5, And I__ too many sweets. ‘Achavebeen eating Behavebeenate OO 6. We___ good care of our teeth lately. A. have been taked B.have been taking OQ O 7. And we __ to our dentist regularly A-havebeen going Bhavebeengo OO 8. I'mafraid they lot lately. ‘A. has been smoking B. have been smoking CQ O 6 Complete each sentence with the present perfect continuous of the verb in parentheses. EXAMPLE: (sit) I have been sitting on the couch all day. 1. (not / run) 1__ atall lately. 2. (eat) You alot of unk food recently. 3. (not / exercise) And you _ atall 4. (feel) Caterina _____faint and dizzy today. 5. (throw up) And she as well f 6. (not / follow) They _ the doctor's instrugfons 7. (not / take) They their medicine. (complain) Alex about his back (not / bend) He probably __ at 10. (try) We to get health insuramCHALLENGE 2 > Present perfect continuous with for and since Go Erne He has been coughing for three days. Use for + period of time to show when the action began. For example: for two weeks / for five days / for a month / - for a long time / for a while She has been taking vitamin C since Monday. | Use since + point in time to show when the action began. For example: since Tuesday / since 5:30 em. / since 1964 / since last night / since | was a child nm 0 ‘Complete each sentence with for or since. EXAMPLE: We have been going to Dr. Soo _for _ two years. 1. Thave been feeling dizzy Friday. 5. Thaven't been eating well last week. 2. He has been watching his weight amonth. 6, She has been living here a long time. 3. They have been sleeping awhile, 7. We have been sneezing _ two days. 4. You have been working, 6:00 a.m. 8. He hasn't been coughing _ Tuesday. oe Combine the sentences using for or since. EXAMPLE: I am having muscle spasms. I started having the spasms three weeks ago. (for) _Lhave been having muscles spasms for three weeks. 1. My back is hurting. It started hurting last night (since) 2, Paula is coughing, She started coughing a long time ago. (for) 3. We don't eat junk food. We stopped eating junk food when our doctor told us to lose weight. (since) 4. They go to a chiropractor. They started seeing him in 1998. (since) 5. You are thinking about changing your health habits. You started thinking about this a week ago. (for) 6. My company pays for my health insurance. It started paying a month ago. (for) Ivan is taking medicine for his cold. He started taking the medicine at 7:00 (since) _ eeeHealth Ue ea ey How long have they What has she feeling eating? 0 write yes/no present perfect continuous questions and answers using the words given. EXAMPLE: Q: she / exercising Q: _Has she been exercising? —_ A: yes / for two years A: Yes, she has been exercising for two years. 1 Qi you/oss your teeth every day Qe ae A: no wo 2. Qche/ sea podiatrist ee —— A: yes / since 1999 A 3. Qe they / eat too many sweets @ A: yes A | 4. Q: your back / ache A SS ‘ At yes / for a week A —— { | oe Unscramble the words to write wh- Present perfect continuous questions. | EXAMPLE: taking / been / have / how long / allergy medicine / you | How long have you been taking allergy medicine? <= ! 1. been / with warm salt water / how often / she / gargling / has { 2. about their high blood pressure / who / consulting / they / have / been | 3. what /in a health insurance plan / been / has / looking for /he | 4. you/ going / where / been / for your prenatal class / have | 5+ reading / haven't / been / the nutrition labels / you / whyHealth Present perfect feedeuuad ‘avFinmanive statement | He has seen the doctor already. Zoo have never been to a doctor. Pe Past participle they lived here long? Eres eens W#t- QUESTION How long has he had cold? + Use the present perfect to show: (a) something happened at an unspecified time in the past; (b) something happened more than once in the past; (C) something started at a specific time in the past and continues in the present. o Complete each sentence with the correct present perfect form of the verb in parentheses. EXAMPLE: (be) Dan has been _ sick for five days. 1. (have) I asthma since Iwasa child. 5, (never / hurt) My back 2. (not /eat) We many fruits lately _ so much. 3. (never / take) She ____penicillin. 6. (go) They to 4. (rest) He for two days. prenatal classes already. 6 Write present perfect questions and complete answers using the words provided. EXAMPLE: Q: (how long / she / have / arthritis) _How long has she had arthritis? A: (for five years) (which doctor / you / see / for your ulcer) (Dr. Lee) _ (he / decide / which vitamins to buy) (yes / decide / buy the generic brand ) (how many times / they / have / the flu) (twice) (you / ever / break / a leg or an arm) (no / never) (why J not / Nick / go / 6 the dentist) POROPFORREO (because / he / not have / enough time)Health CHALLENGE 5 > Present perfect versus present perfect continuous Gao Grund Ihave talked to the doctor four times. | Use the present perfect for a repeated action. Ihave been talking to the doctor for | Use the present perfect continuous for a nonstop twenty minutes. action. Joe has found a new dentist. Use the present perfect for an action that happened at an indefinite time and was completed in the past. Joe has been finding a lot of Use the present perfect continuous for an action that information about dental health. started in the past and is stil happening, or that has been in progress recently. + Use the present perfect, not the continuous form, with always, never, yet, already, and ever and with certain verbs: be, believe, hate, have, know, like, want. 6 Circle the correct sentence. EXAMPLE: I have never been applying for health insuran . | Thave never applied for health insurance.) 1. He has had two heart attacks. / He has been having two heart attacks. 2. He has been knowing that doctor for five years. / He has known that doctor for five years 3. Thave been having two teeth pulled. /I have had two teeth pulled. 4. Have you ever had a blood test? / Have you ever been having a blood test? 5. We have never bought ibuprofen. / We have never been buying ibuprofen. 6. They have been sick all day. / They have been being sick all day. 7. She has been receiving treatment for two months. / She has been received treatment for two months. 8. You haven't ever been having a hernia. / You haven't ever had a hernia, Complete each sentence with the present perfect or the present perfect continuous form of the verb in parentheses. EXAMPLE: (use)I__fiave never used a prescription drug. 1. (exercise) I for four months. 2. (have) you ever kidney problems? 3. (go) It’s 5:00 pam, The doctor already for the day. 4. (read) He nutrition labels for a long time. (not / read) You the directions on the label (pay) we the insurance premium yet? (floss) she _ her teeth since her last visit to the dentist? (brush) She her teeth for 10 minutes! 5CHALLENGE 6 > Indirect speech Eid Indirect speech “The most important thing is your health.” | the doctor said (that) the most important thing was my health. q "You eat too much sugar” The doctor told me (that) late too much sugar. + Indirect speech reports on what someone has said. + The use of that is optional in indirect speech. + In indirect speech, you say something or you tell someone something. + Tell is usually followed by an indirect object noun or pronoun. + Other verbs like say are: agree, announce, answer, complain, explain, reply, state. + Other verbs like tell are: assure, advise, convince, notify, promise, remind, teach, warn. + Change the present tense in direct speech to the past tense in indirect speech. + Change the pronouns to reflect the correct person, O ine EXAMPLE: I told you I wanted to lose weight. ie the indirect speech in each sentence. My mother agreed that it was a good idea to add more fiber to my diet. She said I needed to eat a balanced diet. The doctor explained that dieting wasn’t the only way to lose weight. My friend told me she ran three miles a day to stay in shape. Lola convinced me that exercise was an important part of staying healthy. I said that I understood everything I have to do. 6 Change the direct speech to indirect speech. EXAMPLE: My husband said, “There are five grams of protein in the soup.” —My husband said (that) there were five grams of protein in the soup. 1. Dr. Brown told me, “You need to check nutrition labels carefully. 2. He said, “It is important to check the number of calories and grams of fat per serving” 3. He also explained, “It is important to monitor sodium levels. 4..-My mother always complained, “You eat too much saturated fat.” 5. She warned me, “You have to pay attention to your cholesterol 6. Isaid, “I know I need to stop eating junk food.” week eoCHALLENGE 7 > Indirect speech: Sequence of tenses er iced He said, “I sleep eight hours a night” _| He said (that) he slept eight hours a night. (Gresent (Giple past) She said 7am going to exercise today” | She said (tha she was going io exercise that day. “present continous (Gost continuous) He said, "You ate too much yesterday” | He said (that) I had eaten too much the day before. ‘Gimple pas) (Gast peter) + In talking about a general truth, the sequence of tenses is often not applied. The doctor said aspirin is a non-prescription medicine. + Time words change in indirect speech: today —+ that day; yesterday ~> the day before; tomorrow -* the next (or following) day; this morning -> that morning. Change the direct speech to indirect speech. Follow the sequence of tenses and change time words. EXAMPLE: Susana said, “I was ill yesterday: Susana said (that) she had been ill the day before, 1, We said, “You need a better health insurance policy.” 2. I-said, “You have an appointment with the dentist this morning.” 3. She complained, “I am feeling very dizzy today.” 4. Lexplained, “Its important to read the directions and the warnings on the label.” 5. He said, “I wanted to get an appointment for tomorrow.” 6. She warned, “You are going to catch a cold if you don't wash your hands often.” 7. They said, “We are trying to get a health insurance policy that has a prescription plan.” 8. -My father said, “I had a headache and a high fever yesterday.” 9. You promised me, “I am going to get plenty of rest this morning” 10. They said, “We read the nutrition labels carefully”CHALLENGE 8 > Indirect speech: Modals Ee ieee He said, “I can see you tomorrow." He said (that) he could see me the next da She said, "You may need some tests” | She said (that) I might need some tests. (may = possibility) The doctor said, “You may go runnin; (enay = permission) "The doctor said (that) | could go running. (said, “I must find a new dentist” 1 said (that) [had to find a new dentist. They said, “We will stop smoking” They said (that) they would stop smoking. «= The modal should does not change form in indirect speech. He said, "You should gargle” He said (that) | should gargle. © Complete each sentence with the correct form of the modal in parentheses. EXAMPLE: (will) I said that 1___would —__ drink plenty of fluids 1. (may: possibility) He told her that she __ have bronchitis 2, (should) Gina convinced me that I ‘get my blood pressure checked. 3. (may: permission) His doctor told him that he return to work tomorrow. ‘A. (aust) My sister said that she __get her prescription fille. 5, (can) You said that 1 ____get dental coverage also. 6. (will) We warned you that you__ catch a cold. oO Change the direct speech to indirect speech. EXAMPLE: “You must drink plenty of fluids.” I told her that _she had to drink plenty of fluids, —_____—— 1. “You must take two pills every four hours.” My wife reminded me that “qf he doesn’t take his medicine, he may have a heart attack: They said that __ 3. “We can get alow co-pay with this health insurance company. You explained that _— 4, “Lwill see my obstetrician and go to prenatal classes.” You told me 5, “You should bend your knees to lift heavy objects ‘The chiropractor told her __ 6. “Because of his sore throat and sneezing, he may not go outside.” His mother said that en One|Getting Hired CHALLENGE 1 > Restrictive adjective clauses eee co ive adjective clause Ahomemaker is a person who takes care of a home and a family. The job (that) I really want + Restrictive adjective clauses give essential information about the noun they refer to. They cannot be omitted without losing the meaning of the sentence. + Atelative pronoun (that, which, who[m], whose, when, where) that is the object of the adjective clause can be omitted. is in Texas. @ Underline the restrictive adjective clause in each sentence. EXAMPLE: My company is looking for someone who can maintain and repair computers This is a new position that opened up recently. There are several skills that this person must have. ‘The ideal candidate is a person who is self-motivated and works well alone. Is this a job that you think you might enjoy or do you prefer working with people? There is another job that might interest you in our downtown office. We also have an office in the town where you live. I think there are several jobs that are suitable for you. You are just the type of person who we are looking for. 6 Combine the two sentences into one sentence using a restrictive adjective clause. EXAMPLE: Carlos heard about a job. The job was advertised on the Internet. Carlos heard about a job that was advertised on the Internet. = 1. He sent his resume to the address. The address was posted on the site, 2. ‘The company is looking for an employee. The employee is fluent in Spanish. 3. Carlos filled out the application. The personnel manager sent him the application. 4, He has an interview Monday with the supervisor. The supervisor is in charge of the position. 5. Carlos is sure he has the qualifications. The company is looking for the qualifications, 6. Heis looking forward to meeting the woman. The woman might be his future supervisor. cosannc=Getting Hired CHALLENGE 2 » Non-restrictive adjective clauses foes (i ees My brother-in-law, who owns his own business, works very hard. I quit my job, which I never really liked anyway. = Non-restrictive adjective clauses give extra non-essential information about the noun they refer to. They can be omitted without changing the sense of the sentence. + Commas are used to set off the non-restrictive adjective clause from the m: + The relative pronoun cannot be omitted from non-restrictive adjective clauses. = The relative pronoun that is not used in non-restrictive adjective clauses. clause. oO Put commas in the sentences to separate the nonrestrictive adjective clauses. EXAMPLE: My friend Tran, who is very detail-oriented, got a job as an accountant. If you don't like your job which can be boring you should look for a new one. Let’s ask Bibiana whose opinion I realy trust if you should take courses to be a dental assistant. Franco who used to be a security guard now owns his own dry cleaning business. P'm going to check the local newspaper which comes out on Thursday for any sales jobs. My old supervisor who is a homemaker now gave me a great recommendation, You can always count on Alex who is a good friend She is a computer technician at Information Technology where she started working last week. ‘They often work on Saturdays when it is quiet and they can get a lot done. Combine the two sentences into one. The sentences in parentheses contain non-essential information. EXAMPLE: Florina moved to Boston three years ago. (Florina is from Romania.) Florina. who is from Romania, moved to Boston three 1, At the Business Institute she got a business certificate. (She studied at the Institute for two yeats.) Her fitst job was at a computer company. (She didn’t like her first job very much.) 3. Now she works for a financial company. (She is much happier at the financial company.) 4. Her new supervisor said she has great communication skills, (Her supervisor is friendly and patient.) i 8 per 5, Her supervisor likes Florina’s attitude. (Florina’s attitude is calm and professional.) 6. In her performance review her supervisor recommended a raise. (Her review was last month.) jasmin esheetsGetting Hired CHALLENGE 3 » Restrictive versus non-restrictive adjective clauses eee RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE John has the skills _ that the job requires. NON-RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE John, who has an interview today, _ has the right skills. + Restrictive adjective clauses cannot be omitted without changing the sense of the sentence. Non-restrictive adjective clauses can be omitted. + No commas are used in restrictive adjective clauses. Commas set off non-restrictive adjective clauses. + The relative pronoun that is not used in non-restrictive adjective clauses. Determine if each underlined clause is restrictive or non-restrictive. Fill in the bubble completely. If a clause is non-restrictive, add commas. restrictive _non-restrictive EXAMPLE: Has skills, which are listed in her resume, are very impressive. © e@ 1, However, the experience that she has with sales is very limited. oO Oo 2. State College where she studied business for four years awarded her a B.S. oO oO 3. My supervisor who has an interview with Ha today said he can train her. ©. Oo 4. He'll ask Ha if she has special skills that would benefit our company. Oo Oo 5, He'll ask her for letters of recommendation from teachers who know her. Q Oo 6. Ha’s English teacher who knows her very well will probably write one. © o 7. Ha's attitude which is very positive will determine if she gets the job. O° Oo 8. [hope she also gets the salary that she wants. oO oO If a sentence is non-restrictive, insert commas to set off the clause. Then rewrite the sentence without the clause. If a sentence is restrictive, just rewrite it. EXAMPLE: My friend Leo, who works well under pressure, got a job as a police officer. _My friend Leo got a job as a police officer. L_Do you know a person who is good with numbers and is detail-oriented? 2. Lara who just started working yesterday is a great receptionist. 3. The job that I applied for requires being a team player. 4, Theard about a company that is looking for a security guard. 5. Santini’s Restaurant where I used to be a cashier serves the best pizza in town. 6. ‘The reporter job which really sounds exciting requires writing skills and two years of experience. somesGetting Hired CHALLENGE 4 > Past perfect tense: Forms ERM trad EEC cs starement || had sent my resume by last month. 1 hadn't received a response before today. ee Me ee ed Ae Question Had she had an interview before? Why had you hired him? + The past perfect tense is formed with had/had not (hadn't) + past participle. + Subject pronouns (except it) can contract with had: I'd, you'd, he'd, she'd, we'd, they'd. @ Circle the correct past perfect sentence. EXAMPLE: (Thad finished school by 2000,)/ I have finished school by 2000, 1. She had never be to an interview before. / She had never been to an interview before. 2. He said he had never worked as a cashier. / He said he had never work as a cashier. 3, Before last month, we'd never written a resume, / Before last month, we're never written a resume. 4, Santiago'd studied hard to become a lawyer. / Santiago had studied hard to become a lawyer. 5. Had you worked in an office before? / Had you working in an office before? 6. Itd been the best job Thad ever had. / It had been the best job I had ever had. 7. Why Luc had had so many jobs? /" Why had Luc had so many jobs? 8. Had they enjoyed assembling computers? / Had enjoyed they assembling computers? Complete each sentence with the past perfect tense of the verb in parentheses. Use contractions where possible. EXAMPLE: (find) Cristina asked if I “d found —_ ____a new hobby. 1. (practice) Raj interviewing for the job. 2. (not / enclose) Linh a resume with her application, 3. (never / have) Wi a performance review before last week. 4. (provide) letters of recommendation already. 5. (said) They __ that they were willing to accept responsibility. 6. (not / find) Chan information about the company until today. 7. (look) You __ forward to discussing job opportunites. 8. (be) She _ friendly and patient with the customers. teenGetting Hired CHALLENGE 5 > Past perfect tens Emo Before | got my job as a computer technician, Thad worked as a delivery person. She had already prepared her resume when the the company called her for an interview. After | had written my resume and cover letter, {realized it was too late to send it. There were a lot of job applicants because the company had posted the position on the Internet. ‘Many of the employees had never worked in sales before this job. | My supervisor thanked me for all the hard work that | had done. yes 8 Underline the event that happened first. EXAMPLE: Uses Been To show that an event happened before another event in the past. To show that an event happened before the verb in the when clause. With after, to show that something was finished before another event in the past. After because, to show a prior reason. With never...before, in relation to a past event, In a who/that/which clause to show | a past event. When I called her, she had already left for her meeting. | Because he hadn't received his degree yet, he didn't apply for the job. She'd been in the dry cleaning business for three years when she decided to open her own store. Before you came to the United States, you had studied to be a teacher. f This morning they finished repairing all the broken computers that I had given them yesterday. 9. We had interviewed many applicants before we found the right person for the job. ! 1 2. 3 4. He found out that there were no jobs available after he had filled out the application. 5. 6. eo Complete each sentence with the past perfect tense of the verb in parentheses. (have) I couldn't sleep last night because I had had a bad day at work. EXAMPLE: (never / enjoy) Mike (finish) After 1 (already / fix) When Sarah (save) Because you (not / go) Yuko was upset because her interview (already / write) Before we came to the United States, we (not / make) He didn't get the job because he 9. (handle) 1 10. (improve) You applied for the new job only after you the interview, I met my future co-workers. his job before now, the last computer, Minh came in to help. __ your money, you were able to open your own business ; (give) They didn’t like the new duties that their supervisor them, well our resumes. _____ customer complaints before I became the supervisor 8 good impression. | your skills | melee)Getting Hired CHALLENGE 6 > Past perfect tense with simple past tense Gm Enon Before Ranjit moved to the United States, Use the past perfect for the event that lerpiene happened first in the past. q he had lived in India. Use the simple past for the event that_ (Gast perfec) happened second. > future Ranjit lived in India, Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses. ple past tense or the past perfect tense 0 EXAMPLE: __had lived (live) in Miami for two years before 1__moved __(move) to Houston. LI ______ (quit) my old job because my supervisor _ (not / give) me enough responsibility. 21 (apply) for a new job that 1__ (see) on the Internet. 3. When I (arrive) in Houston, 1 __ (already / research) the company 41 ___ (already / send) a resume when I (get) a call for an interviews 5. Because I (practice) what to say and do many times, 1_ ___ (fe!) a litle more prepared for the interview. 61 (never / be) so nervous about something before. When I (get) to the interview, the interviewer _ (already / read] my recommendations and my transcripts 8. She___ (ask) me why 1__ (be) unhappy at my last job. 91 (explain) that 1___ (not / be) completely unhappy. 10. Before T__ (leave) my old job, my former supervisor (even / write) a recommendation for 11. He (say) that I __ (be) hard-working and self-motivated. 12. Unfortunately he (not / have) the opportunity to really take advantage of my skills 13. By the time 1 _ (leave) the interview, T (make) a good impression 14, Last night T (find out) that 1_ (get) the job. 5. (never / feel) so excited and happy before! eee