er Stand Out 3) Grammar Challenge HEINLETHOMSON HEINLE Stand Out 3 Grammar Challenge ‘Acquisitions Editor: Sherrse Rohr Managing Editor: James W. Brown Developmental Editors: Ingrid Wisniewska, Jl Korey O'Sullivan Associate Developmental Editor: Sarah Barnicle Editorial Assistant: Elizabeth Allon ‘Marketing Manager: Eric Bredenberg Director, Global ESL. Training & Development: Evelyn Nelson Production Ector: Jeff Freelanc Senior Manufacturing Coordinator: Mary Beth Hennebury Compositor: A Pus Publishing Services Contributing Writer: Jofin Chapman Printer: Patterson Printing Copyright © 2002 Heinle, a dvsion of Thomson Leorning, In. ‘Thomson Learning’™ is trademark used herein under license Printed in the United States of America 3456789 10 06 05 04 03 o2 For more information, contact Heinle, 25 Thomson Place, Boston, MA 02210 USA, (F you can visit our internet site at htpv/amheinle.com All ight reserved, No part ofthis work covered bythe copyright hereon may be reproduced oF used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, oF mechanieal Inducing Photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution of information storage and rewieval systems—without the written permission of the publisher, For permission to use material from this text or product, contact us Tel 1.800.720.2214 Fax 1-800-730.2215 Web _vwerthomsonrights.com eee (SBN: o-8380-3956-1TO THE TEACHER ‘Stand Out Grammar Challenge 3 challenges students to develop and expand their grammar skills through, inty-four guided exercises or “challenges” Each Challenge includes: |» Charts Clear grammar charts help the teacher lay out the structure's components and provide useful example sentences, Notes Notes within the charts help students understand important shifts in language use and meaning, through concise explanations. Practice Excicises challenge students to master grammar structutes while reviewing the vocabulary and thematic contexts actively taught in Stand Ou Student Book 3. Additional exercises reinforce gramuna structures passively introduced in Stand Out Student Book 3 contexts. How to use the Stand Out Grammar Challenge 3 workbook “The Stand Our Grammar Challenge 3 workbook can be used in a variety of ways: «+ ‘The grammar challenges can be assigned daily or on an as-needed basis, + The grammar challenges can be completed individually, witha partner, or as a class. «+ Students may complete challenges at home or in the classroom, + Instructors can provide guided feedback upon completion, or ask students to self-vorrect or peer-edit. All exercises are formatted to provide for ease of correction and assessment. + ‘The Grammar Challenge 3 answer key is available to teachers on the Stand Out web site at standout.heinle.com It can be printed out for student use. «The grammar challenges need not be followed in any particular order within a unit. Some challenges will be review for students, while others will reinforce the newer structures from Stand Out Student Book 3 + The Stand Out Grammar Challenge 3 workbook is an effective supplement in a multi-level classroom ‘because it challenges the highly motivated students while providing support for students who need extra reinforcement. “The appendix includes a glossary of grammar terms with examples. Tis is intended asa reference for students and teachers, but i is not intended that all these terms will be understood at this level. The appendix also includes grammar charts from the Stand Out Student Book 3 appendi as well 5 lists of ircegular verbs and verb conjugations. However you choose to use it, youl ind thatthe Stand Out Grammar Challenge 3 workbook i 2 flexible ‘and effective grammar tool for teachers and students seeking challenging grammar instruction.UNIT 1: Balancing Your Life ....... CHALLENGE 1 CHALLENGE 2 CHALLENGE 3 CHALLENGE 4 CHALLENGE 5 CHALLENGE 6 CHALLENGE 7 CHALLENGE 8 UNIT 2: Consumer smarts . CHALLENGE 1 CHALLENGE 2 CHALLENGE 3 CHALLENGE 4 CHALLENGE 5 CHALLENGE 6 CHALLENGE 7 CHALLENGE 8 CONTENTS Adverbs of frequency Questions with What time and How often Can Will and be going 10 Adverbial clauses with because and so (that) When clauses Questions and short answers with when clauses Gerunds as subjects ‘Comparative and superlative adjectives— Comparative and superlative adjectives—Part 2 Imperatives Transition words Causative with get Present tense be question tags Present tense Which questions Adjective clauses 10 u R 13 4 15 16UNIT 3: Hou: iB. - CHALLENGE 1 Past continuous CHALLENGE 2. Time clauses with when and while CHALLENGE 3 Present tense yes/no questions and answers with ever CHALLENGE 4 Comparison with more/fewer/les and most/fewestleast CHALLENGE 5. Short answers to questions containing when and while clauses CHALLENGE 6 Very, t00, and enough with adjectives and adverbs CHALLENGE 7 Should, must, and have to CHALLENGE 8 Questions with How much UNIT 4: Our Community . CHALLENGE 1 Wh- questions with be CHALLENGE 2 How far, How often, What time CHALLENGE 3. Past tense time clauses CHALLENGE 4 Time clauses with future meaning CHALLENGE 5 Prepositions of location CHALLENGE 6 Irregular simple past tense verbs CHALLENGE 7 Borrow; lend, and owe CHALLENGE 8 Verb + infinitive, verb + object + infinitive 20 2 2 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 3 32UNIT 5: Health. ..........2.4. CHALLENGE 1 CHALLENGE 2 CHALLENGE 3 CHALLENGE 4 CHALLENGE 5 CHALLENGE 6 CHALLENGE 7 CHALLENGE 8 UNIT 6: Getting Hired . . CHALLENGE 1 CHALLENGE 2 CHALLENGE 3 CHALLENGE 4 CHALLENGE 5 CHALLENGE 6 CHALLENGE 7 CHALLENGE 8 Present perfect—Part 1 Present porfect—Part 2 For and since How long questions Separable and inseparable phrasal verbs Innperatives, More modals and related expressions Future conditional statements Verb + gerund form vs. verb + infinitive form Used 10 + base form vs, be used to + gerund Adjective + preposition + gerund (or noun) Present perfect continuous Participles used as adjectives to describe feelings Adverbs of manner Noun causes Would rather 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 “41 al 42 43 44 45, 46 a7UNIT 7: On the Job . CHALLENGE 1 Possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns 49 CHALLENGE 2. Could, might, ought to, and have to 50 CHALLENGE 3 Polite requests with Would you mind... and Could you. 51 CHALLENGE 4 So... shat and such... that to show results 52 CHALLENGE 5 Adjective + infinitive phrase 53 CHALLENGE 6 How much and How many 54 CHALLENGE 7 Reporting verbs 55 CHALLENGE 8 ‘Three-word phrasal verbs 56 UNIT 8: Citizens and Community . . CHALLENGE 1 Contrasts with but and however 57 CHALLENGE 2. Statements of agreement with both and neither 58 CHALLENGE 3 Contrary-to-fact conditionals 59 CHALLENGE 4 Passives—Part 1 60 CHALLENGE 5 Passives—Part 2 6 CHALLENGE 6 Be + adjective + infinitive 62 CHALLENGE 7. Causatives with make and have 6 CHALLENGE 8 Reported speech . 64 APPENDIX. Glossary of grammar terms . Grammar reference. ..... Irregular verb forms .. Conjugated verb list .Balancing Your Life CHALLENGE 1 Adverbs of frequency etka Gone Em always 100% {always go running on Saturday morning, usually 3 ‘You usually join me at 6:00. often 3 We were often tired after we ran. sometimes = He sometimes had breaklast with fiends. rarely/seldom = “She seldom runs in the winter. never Om “They never run in the snow. ~ Frequency words come after the verb be but before other main verbs. * Usually, often, and sometimes can come at the beginning of a sentence, °o Choose the correct adverb. Fill in the bubble completely. EXAMPLE: Tam never late to school. Tam __—on time. O seldom @ sbways 1. usually go tothe library to study. 1__study at home otter Orarely 2. Bvery Saturday and Sunday I sleep lte.1___ sleep late on weekends O never OQ always » Mfche seldom ges enough time to study He almost needs more ime, Qabways © nevee “Las rarely organize her work. She is ___ disorganized O seldom © usually 5. We always try tobe quiet. We. listurb others O always Qrarely {6 Good study habits are often beneficial, They __ make learning easier Onever © usually © wie set te Pace he vein te etn accomplishes everything that needs to get done (usually) “fe sually accomplishes everything that needs to get done, ——__————————~ 2. kept people waiting (sometimes) 4. gota chance to take a beak (never) 4, eats lunch in the office (often) 5, finds time to relax (rarely) 6. istined atthe end of the day (oswally) 7. thinks about work after 5:00 (seldom) 18, makes time for his family (always)jancing Your Life CHALLENGE 2 Questions with What time and How often oa Base Complement rere you leave home? At 8:00 a, What time it start? Right after school How offen they goto the movies? | Every Saturday, How often she go with them? Once @ month. + What time questions ask about an exact ime. * How often questions ask how many times something happens. The answers contain a frequency expression such as every morning, once a week, twice a month, three times a year, and from time to time. © comple the gestions. ee When or How ote EXAMPLE: Q:__How often __do you clean the house? A: Oncea week 1 @__ does he get up on Saturday? ALA 9:00 2 Q _ does he brush his teeth? A: Twice a day 3 Q do you see the doctor? A: Once a year, 4. Qos she read in bed? A: Every night. oe — will you change your clothes? A: Alter work, Cio did you take a walle A: At noon, © ead the answers, then write the questions. Change verb tenses as needed. EXAMPLE: Q: (Grandpa /see his grandchildren) . The newest stores ate. 3. __ Which pants are on sale Shoes and socks, 4. __Which jacket is really expensive? The big one at the mall. 5, ___ Which mall is open late on Saturdayst ce, Thursday is. 6. __Which stores are the nicest? f, My old ones. 7. Which day is best for shopping? fg. The black ones are 8. ___ Which shoes are the most comfortable? th. The new one on Route 56. © wite questions with Which. Use the word one or ones and the verb be in the answers. EXAMPLE: (cheap / watch) Which watch i eheop? ___ (small) The 1. Qe (ibe biggest / shoes) one 2. Qe (good / tailor) = Ah: (French) _ _ 3, Qi (warmest / boots) As (oie) 4, QeAfast/ bike) __ — A: (0d) 5, Qe (the best bikes) —_______— = 6. Qi (the cheapest / bike) — 7. Qelthe fastest / ears) = = 8. Q(slow fear) ——— 9. Q (friendly / doctors) A (young), —______— i Gh) eeeBoa~ REC Sisectivc clauses EET consuner smart CHALLENGE 8 Adjective clauses oes Adjective clause with a pronoun used as the subject ee {talked to the woman tio that) =" sivorks in the store She sells some cleaning products © that (which) G00" are dangerous, ores re clause with a pronoun used as the objet Corer aereeairey talked to a woman EROS She sells some leaning products-‘ethat (which)oue "we * Wh and whom oe used for poster bra tgs * Whom, that, and which can be omitted when they are the object of an adjective clause She sells some cleaning products | won't buy. met at the store, won't Buy, ‘which is used for things; that is used for bath people © corias een sence nih wha whom, ht oF ih Some tens nay hove wo eececeet EXAMPLE: Planting flowers is something that (which) ike to do, 1. Like taking to people_______ know about flowers, 2. ‘There are alot of people have gardens, 3. Some of the people I meet are realy interesting 4 ‘works in her garden eight hours a day 5. can take a lot of time. really love Tjust meta woman Gardening isa hobby — 6. Ws somes oe Use adjective clauses to combine these two sentences. EXAMPLE: The post office on Ft rect. use the post fee —Ihe pos office that | ue son Fist Stret. ‘The pharmacy is on the corner. I sells inexpensive medicines. The jewel stor is owned bya woman, She lowes ld nocnos and rings. he delivery person is late Tam waiting for him 4. The computer store is closed today. I sells mousepad 5. ‘The grocery stores owned by my fiend My rend sll only the Rohea uit, 66. ‘The stereo speakers are expensiveCHALLENGE 1 Past continuous i arog Subject Be (past) eric ee 1 was walking home. We were talking with the landlord. eer a ec conptenent a ‘Was she reading the classified ads? : i Were they making dinner? ~ The past continuous describes what was in progress at a specific moment in the past. + Use the past continuous to describe a past scene ‘Maryanne was talking with the landlord, She was stan pointing at the air conditioner. wg by the window and © vescane ne wordsto mat post ominous statement a questions. he / _She wias sleeping. EXAMPLE: sleeping/ was Bo / taking / shower /a was / a eating {he J was / breakfast /? room f the / was / Va / painting /? were / children / the / dinner fea studying / were (we / ‘making / were (they / breakfast /¢ 1 painting {hanging (was a 1 2. 3 4 5. T/talking fon/ was /the/ phone? 6 8. © conyers sth ust conn fr fh vn th bx wake pay Be seep add cide ck Laugh Took wit] 1, Last night Maryanne and Va __were siting __ in the living room. They _ about their finances. Maryanne down all their expenses. Vu __up the numbers. in their rooms. some bills. They ‘The children —=—_ 2. Isaw the Nguyens inthe park yesterday. Vu and Maryanne, __ very slowly. They at all the trees and flowers. Teuyen_ his bieyele. Bao an ice cream cone, The gitls _ about something, They all, ee] looked very happy.CHALLENGE 2 Time clauses with when and while ee el The phone rang _while | was studying. While Iwas studying, the phone rang. was studying when the phone rang, When the phone rang, Twas studying. * Use while + the past continuous with a long continuing action. + Use when + the simple past with a short non-continuing action. 1 Ifthe time clause precedes the main clause, use a comma cite ne conc sme word in cach sentence. EXAMPLE: Mrs. Jones was living in Chicago (Galen)! while) she had a baby. 1. We bought a condo ( when / while ) we were living in a rental apartment. 2. The apartment was small so we were bappy ( when / while we moved out 3. (When / While ) he was cleaning the apartment, Jim found $50. 4. He was really excited ( when J while )he shoved it to me, 5, 6. 7, io We wore talking about how to spend it (when / while) the phone rang, ‘he children stayed with my parents ( wher while) we wete packing our things. (When / While ) they were staying ther, they visited the 200 hey were still talking about the zoo trip ( when / while ) they got home a week later. EXAMPLE: Itstarted to rain, We were standing on the balcony. While _we were standing on the balcony, it started to rain. 1. Iwas talking with the security guard, She got a phone eal Whik 2. The rain stopped. We were looking out the window. when _ 3. Twas doing the laundry. The dryer broke While io Orr 4. Tsaw you. You were leaving the house. When —$ 5. was cleaning the living room. [turned on the airconditioning while _ ee 6 Telosed the garage door | was washing the car While ee 7. We stopped for a snack. We were shopping for furniture,Housing CHALLENGE 3 — Present tense yes/no questions and answers with ever Do/boes Subject Ever Base form Complement __ Short answer Do you ever swim the pool? | Yes, we often do. No, we never do. Does she ever = wash the windows? | Yes, she sometimes does. No, she never does. Do ‘they ever use the dryer? Yes, they frequently do. No, they never do. 7 Use ever in yes/no questions when an answer that has a frequency word is wanted. 1 in the short answer, the frequency word comes after the subject and before the verb. + always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, and rarely are used with affirmative verbs. + When never is used in a short answer, the verb is affirmative. © vise the words to write yes/no questions with ever Does Pablo ever make dinner? EXAMPLE: Pablo / make dinner 1. Pablo / clean the refrigerator 2. Mr. Mendez / see the landlord Rachel / read the newspaper Mr, Mender f forget to pay a bill 5, Pablo / make breakfast 6. Rachel / se the washer and dryer 7. Pablo / take out the trash 8. Mr Mendez make dinner 9. Rachel / clean her room 10. Mr. Mendes / walk the dog oO Match the questions with the answers. EXAMPLE: _@_ Does Victor go swimming on the weekend? 1, __ Does Rachel read the newspaper every morning? 2, Do you always read the clasfed ads on Sunday? 3. ___Dowe always pay ther bilson time? 4, __Do the Masons often complain about the rent? 5, __Do Lever ask you to clean the house? 6. ____Does the reftigerator often make that noise? 6 Noy he seldom does, b Yes you often do ces, she always does. 4. Yes it frequently does No, they rarely do. Yes, Tusualy do. Yes, we always do. weenSEM © most/fewest/teast CHALLENGE 4 — Comparison with more/fewer/less and most/fewest/least Tis building has more balconies than that one. | Use more or fewer to compare count That building has fewer balconies than this one. | nouns. Our new house uses more heat than our old one. | Use more or fess to compare now-count Our old house used less heat than our new one. | nouns. ‘Apartment A has the most windows. Use the most or the fewest for count Apartment F has the fewest windows. nouns, ‘Apartment C has the most space. Use the most or the least for non-count Apartment F has the least space. nouns. fener Ist thewoat theo [more the lea EXAMPLE: Nguyen’s coom is the biggest. It has _ the most space, The Rivera family pays $1000 rent and the Nguyens pay $750. The Nguyens pay —_—____ rent than the Rivers 2, Mr. Nguyen has two credit cards and Mrs. Truong has three. Mrs. Truong has tees hed dae CHALLENGE 2» How far, How often, What time aS ce ow Howfar do you walk to work? About three miles, How often did they take a bus? Once a week. ‘ What time does she leave the house? | ar 8:30 + Other How often answers include: every day, once a month, and from time to time * Other What time answers include: in the moming, in the aftemoon, in the evening, and at night. @ conect te enor in each question How far EXAMPLE: Q; uBwofth did the bus take yout A Six mites 4. Qe What time did you put money in your account? As Bery week 2. Q:How far isthe bank manager there? A: Every day but Sunday 3. Q: How offen does the bank opent A: At 900 a the morning 4. Qe What time does she check her balance? A: Once a week Q: What time do you tive feom the Banke As Three blocs, 6 Q How often does the bank close? A: At 3:0 in the afternoon, 7. Qe How often isthe hank from your officer A It’s jus around! the comer 8. Q¢ How far do the tellers leave work? Ac at 400, © complete the questions in this conversation, Use How far, How often, or What time. Bob: Hey Marcia (1)__Howoffen do Marcia: Wel (6) _ _ do you you go tothe bask? do your banking? Maria: Tao every Bridy.(2)__— abs Tusally dott 1000 at night. do you yor Marcia: And (7) __ do you Bob: I never go. Ido my banking by computer. eck your account? Marcas Does it really save timet Bob: Atleast oncea week Bob: Just think. (3) Marcia: And (8) __ are the : you goto the bank? banks computers dosed down? Marcia: At about 5:00 in the afternoon, Bob: Never. : Bob: And (4) —isitto Marcia: Wow! (9) _ does the the banld bank open tomorrow? Marca: It's about fifteen minutes away Bob: A¢9.00. But you an open an account Bot Andis) —____doyou fiom your home computer. have to wait fora tell? Marcia: Great! nd (10) = ‘Marcas Always! can | check my balance? Bob: See? Bob: Eve téa minutes, if you wan SomesOur Community CHALLENGE 3 Past tense time clauses 1 got my drivers license before | registered my ARR EXAMPLE: Tam used to taking the bus to work. Past Camila) 1. My mother used whe a nase Post anita 2. Sheis ued to taking care of people Past Fanilar 3. She usd to work ina lange spt Past Pamir 4. My father used o work asa security guard Pat Pama 5. He ued to work the night shi Pat Faia {6 ets used to seeping dng the day Pat Fama 2. My parents used to work very hard Past Fania 8 Now they are sed ong rete Past Fans © complete each sentence Using either the base or the gerund form of the verb in Parentheses, EXAMPLE: (eat) Tusedto____eat lunch with my co-workers. (work) Lused to —— in an office, Now I work at home, 1 % (wake up) Tused to_at 700, Now I can wake up late. 3. (wake up) Tam so used to at 7:00 that I can’t sleep later. & (GK) Fused t0_the subway every morning. Now neve tak the subway. 5. (hear) Tam used to Phones ringing, It's strange to be in a quiet house, 6. (see) Tam used to ‘many people during the day. It's alittle lonely at home. . 7. (wear) I used to__ a dress every day. Now I wear jeans, 8 (have) Lam already used toes stress in my day. oooGetting Hired CHALLENGE 3 Adjes e + preposition + gerund (or noun) cd position _Gerund/Noun 1 am happy bout gettiig” anew jo. She is good aty fining’, ,.\w: machines. They are interested i computers... <+ He is attaid & not having, °ehough experience ~ A gerund or a noun follows an adjective + preposition. + Other examples of adjective + preposition: tired of, bad at, worried about. + To make the gerund negative, put not before the gerund. conple ech sete wtp. ste ebm he bo EXAMPLE: Claude isnt good at____answering__. (eae 1. Weare tired of new workers ce | 2. The boss is bad at efits program. } toe | 3. We are happy about not tai. | apne | 4, She isn’t ood a _ on time. make | 5. Lance is afraid of his jo. ae 6. They are worried about es _ decisions [Eee] © wise snow emence sin ace + paposon gent eee Deh ctleres ue ste Pay doh EXAMPLE: She writes letters vely well, __She ds good at writing letters. __ —— 1. Learning new skills make him happy. 2. He may become a landscaper. Tha’ his strongest interest, 3. She doesnt like to use electric tools. She's afraid of ther. 4. Ramona doesn’t want to lose her job. She's worried. 55, She doesn't know how to operate machines. She doesn't do it well 6. Tm tired. I don't want to explain my decisions. Sueinysodesd + oamelpy > e {uno 10) pilaCHALLENGE 4 — Present perfect continuous nle Pe anf mua Subject Have/Has havedo Wied? here for six months. She basco Vey Je been benefits since May. You ave Ts Been, 2 good job, + The present perfect and the present perfect continuous mean almost the same thing + If the action is happening at this very minute, it is better to use the present perfect, continuous, not the present perfect: | have been waiting for you since noon. Not | have waited for you since noon * Do not use the continuous form with non-action verbs such as: like, love, have, want, know, own, hear, see, seem, and understand. (eee es (drive) Postal workers trucks for many years, 1 2 (count) The clerks ‘money all morning, 3. (use) Auto technicians________special computers for years 4. help) The administrative assistant the manager a Jot today 5. (learn) The machine operator __ how to repair her machine. 6, (take care of) The babysitter 4 couple extra childven this week 7. (clean) The dental hygienist (take) 1 _ _ shot lunch breaks this week. (balance) The bookkeeper accounts this week. 10, (order) My assistant _ ipplies for the whole department. people's teeth all afternoon, oO Gircle the correct verb form. EXAMPLE: (Gave ed) have been liking ) working atthe hospital 1 have helped /have been helping) the same customer for over half an hou She (has known /has been knowing.) how to type since she was 16. ‘The manager (ha stood /has been standing) next to your desk forthe last en minutes. Te (has heard / as bean heating ) he phone rng several times since noon, The graphic artist ( has worked on / has been working on ) the same picture for an hour. i 2 3. 4 5. 1 (have owned / have been owning ) my own house for years. 6. 7. ‘The photographer ( has taken /has been taking ) pictures all morning and he’s taking mine now. 8. The boss ( has seemed / has been seeming ) more thoughtfa lately. coeGetting Hired CHALLENGE 5 Participles used as adjectives to describe feelings En The manager offered us disappointing salaries. There were several people in the room. PP Emon {A present participle used as an adjective often shows that the noun it describes caused the feeling. The salaries caused feelings of disappointment. ' past participle used as an adjective shows that the noun it describes received the feeling, The people received a feeling of disappointment. + Present participles are verbs that end in -ing. + A past participle isthe third form of the verb and usually ends in -ed or -en. Complete each sentence with a present par iple or a past participle. Use the verbs in the box. Use each verb twice. EXAMPLE: A, Driving taxi is____aring__ work ine BT drivers often fel bored. lames 1. AL A firefighters job is ten very —_ B, People are usually ____ when they see a fire. | underand 2. A, Teachers are usually people frighten B. When my teacher listens careflly to what 34 fel oe confuse 3, A. If interview and don't get the jb, 1 will feel disappoint B. wil telly friends twas a interview 4. A. The interviewer asked alot of questions B. Twas by the questions 5. A. Itwasan_ meeting B. Twas in everything I beard EXAMPLE: If your job bores you, you feel ( boring / “Mechanics are often ( tring / tired ) [After you finish work for the day, you fel (relaxing / relaxed ). If you love your work, your job is probably (interesting / interested ). after working eight hours, ‘When I gota $25 raise, 1 was ( surprising / surprised ) Ifyou know of a good jab for me, 1 am (interesting / interested). “Taking messages can be ( boring / bored ) work. Some taxi drivers make a ( surprising / surprised ) amount of money. Cooking in a restaurant makes me fel ( tiring / tired ).= EPH Ades of mamer Getting Hired CHALLENGE 6 Adverbs of manner ‘Adjective ‘Adverb Een He's a careful worker. He works carefully. You can form most adverbs by adding -ly to the end of an adjective. She is a confident driver | She dives her car ‘Adverbs of manner usually follow atall times. confidently at all times._| the verb. He isa very quick Teamer. | He learns very quickly. | You can use very belore an adverb of manner. She is a hard worker, ‘She works hard. Some adjectives and adverbs have the same form: fast, late, hard. Oe ee Heisan__hanest person, 1. (carefal) Kim isa ____ worker. ‘She operates her machine a 2, intelligent) Ramona very _ She speaks, * 3. (hard) Kyung works HeSsavery worker. 4. (enthusiastic) He isan employee, He docs hisjob 5. (warm) The receptionist greets people Shehasa____ personality oe Use the words to write sentences. Use the correct adverb form and word order. EXAMPLE: (sensitive) Lance /ask/ questions __Lanee asks questions sensitively. (auick) Kim / learn / her job (careful) we fill out the forms (fast) / learn / my duties (arrogant) he / speak /to the secretary __ (honest) Claude / handle money (thoughtful) she / answer questions (late) Ray /work /at the restaurant (slow) we / dialed the number ccoGetting Hired CHALLENGE 7 | Noun clauses z 2 Example Ea é | think that bookkeeping is a good job. | A noun clause can follow certain verbs that & describe thinking Tram surprised that Fe pays so little. | Anoun clause can follow be + certain adjectives. + Verbs that describe thinking include: believe, expect, feel, forget, hope, know, realize, remember, think, and understand. « Adjeatves that come after be and can be followed by noun clauses include: certain, clear, 4 glad, happy, sure, surprised, and worried. + That can be omitted from most sentences containing a noun clause. cuesyone kos the custodian realizes iorgot the receptionist understands a graphic artist knows salespeople know teachers understand the administrative assistant knows the mechanic believes EXAMPLE: _Everyone knows thot computers are necessary in banks. color is a powerful tool I should show the interviewer my resume students sometimes get tired Soumputers ee necessaTy i Dats that he can fix your car he will have to work the night shift he should answer the phones quickly that she will be working with the boss that the customer is akeays right eo Use the words to write sentences with be + adjective + noun clause. EXAMPLE: Lance /happy (he has a new secretary _Lance is happy that he has a new secretary ‘we worried / bookkeeper may be dishonest Ramona /sute/she can take care of six children = 1 2. 3. it/ dear (children shouldnt operate machines 44. 1/ glad / Tspeak several languages 5. we/ surprised / Lance can sew 6. Claude / happy the taxi driver can read maps 71 the hygienist / glad / Iwas earlyEuctio. Getting Hire CHALLENGE 8 Would rather — Pre levy Rather ase form answer phones? | "*" or Would You rather workdays or (work) nights? Se would rather answer phones t “drather work days + Or is used between the choices in a question, 5 OEere + Than is used between the choices in a statement. + The second verb in questions and statements can be omitted if it is the same as the first. + Would is often contracted to ‘d in statements: I'd, you'd, he'd, she'd, we'd, they'd. Than Base form types # Nes errno nights. Orde Tio RUE ache» STATEMENTS © vnszonbie he worsto mate unstons and stamens ith would ter EXAMPLE: (question) in an office ina school you rather work or would Would you rather work in an office or ina school? 1. (statement) take a class study at home than she'd rather 2, (statement) use computers repair computers they'd than rather 3. (question) balance accounts talk to customers or she rather would 4. (question) drive a truck a bus or you would rather © wie quesons and anos ih wont rate Use han the anor EXAMPLE: the bookkeeper / have old computer / new computer (he / new) Q __Woutd the bookkeeper rather have an_old computer or a new computer? ‘4: Held rather have a new computer than an old computer, 1. you / walk / take a taxi (walk) cs _— — A ee eee 2. he/ finish the report / go home (go home) @ = = ___ A as — 3. Kyung / read reports / answer the phone (answer the phone) a = —s A —___ 4. you/ bea programmer /be a technician (be programmer) @ ss A coeOn the Job e a CHALLENGE 1 Possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns Possessive om Senos 4 ‘aovecrives | my, yout, his, her, | My pay is $500 a week. | Possessive adjectives come before our, their a noun and show possession. ‘PRONOUNS Yours is $450 aweek | Possessive pronouns take the his, hers, place of a noun and show ours, theirs possession. + Anoun never comes after a possessive pronoun: Mine effie is clean. ® EXAMPLE: She work the day shit (EY Hess) hours are 9:0 to 5:00 ‘le the correct posse: form. My net pay is $986. ( Her fers ) is $1000, Fis paycheck was late. (My / Mi 1 2. ‘was on time, 3. They didn’t give me my paycheck yet. Did you get (your / yours } check? 4 ‘My tax deductions are very high, but (your J yours ) aren't Their company pays for disability insuranee, but (my / mine } company doesnt 6. Your gross pay is more than ( my / mine ). 7. Thisis my pay stub. Where’ (your / yours } stub 8. His hourly wage isn't as good as (their /theis). Rewrite the second sentence. Use a posse: replace the underlined phrase. EXAMPLE: My pay is $7.50 an hour. How much do you mk? {possessive pronoun) — How much is yours? —— —— 1. My deductions are over 30% of my pay. How much do you pay? (possessive adjective) — - 2, Fred makes about $100 a month, Fed's sister makes about $900 a month, (possessive adjective) 4. So's company pays for Me {possessive pronoun) 4, Susan's co-workers ae friendly. The people lwark with arn‘. (possessive pronoun) ___ — _——_—___— 5. Alexander’ net pay goes up every year The amount you get paid doesnt go up. (possessive adjective) —__ 6. My tax payments are high. The payments you make are lower (possessive pronoun) You and I get paychecks more often than Ellen Ellen's paychecks come only once a month, (possessive pronoun) adjective or possessive pronoun to cave. Thecompany Lar fr doesn pay for it.‘On the Job CHALLENGE 2 — Could, might, ought to, and have to Ema Sa You could have an accident. Could and might show there is a chance You might get hurt, that something will happen in the future. You look tired. You ought to go home. Use ought to to give advice and to show ‘You ought to wear your seat bett all the time. | there is one correct way to do something. You have to lock the door when you leave. | Use have to to show that something is necessary. oO Write a, b, cor d in the blank to show how the modal or expression is used. .t0 show there isa chance something will happen b.to give advice «: to show there is one correct way to do something 4, to show that something i necessary EXAMPLE: _b You ought to take family leave when the baby is born. 1. ___Don't smoke in the storeroomn. It could start a fre, 2. _ You have to take shorter breaks 3. ___ The sinaller boxes ought to go on top of the bigger boxes 4. __ Everyone has to pay taxes, 5. __ You might get a raise if you work hata. 6, ___ You ought to arrive on time if you don't want to get in trouble, 7. __You have to wear shoes in the factory 8. __The manager ought to pay me $14 an hour. It’s in my contract, They might open another office down the stret. 10, ___ You've worked hard. You ought to ask fora bonus. oe Circle the better modal. EXAMPLE: Is ood the dsbilty nan You (hve to / ald) asic you want my advice, yu (might ght otk the ej AI ili employes cold have to} work at eas 35 hours wck im not sure, but I (might hve to) et aie next moot, All part-time employees ( might / have to ) work less than 20 hours a week You { might / ought to ) be nicer to the boss if you want a raise. You ( might / have to ) get a raise if you're nicer to her. ‘The U.S. government ( ought to / has to ) give everyone free health insurance, 1 2 3. 4. Ifyou want to, you ( could / have to) ask for a day oft 5 6. 2 O SoomOn the Job CHALLENGE 3 Polite requests with Would you mind... and Could you... fre ‘Would you mind making a copy for me? Polite and formal ‘Could you look over this report? Bolite and less formal Can you help me with this box? Polite and informal Give me that! Very informal, or impolite * Would you mind is followed by a gerund. + Can and could are followed by the base form. + Use polite and formal language when talking with a boss or manager. + Use polite or informal language when talking with coworkers. + Use very informal or impolite language in an emergency of to show anger Q ern cece Um dscns ore, EXAMPLE: Can you answer that phone? _polite and informal ___ a ‘Would you mind reviewing my resume again? Can you help me with these reports? Call the boss right away! aa Can you come in eatly tomorrow morning? _ ‘Would you mind changing your 2:00 appointm: Could you sign all three copies? © conplese te poner Some savers can wt tec ecu \MPLE: (lend me your goggles) To a friend Hey; Hlen. _Can you fend me your goggles? 1 (sign this check) To your supervisor: ‘Oh, Ms. Reeves. _ a = please? 2. (open the door) Toa friend Say, Jose former 3. (help me pick them up) To a stranger: (Oh no! I dropped all the reports, __ 4, (answer the phones) To your co-worker: Ob, Arnie. 5. (open the door) To a friend: Pm in a hurry! _—_ 66. (check over this report) To your manager: know you're busy, Mr. Adams, but 7._ (sign these letters) To your company president: Excuse me, Mrs. Camus, while Pm at hunch?