07-Dec-18

SURVEY KONDISI KAPAL

Jurusan Teknik Sistem Perkapalan
ITS
jtsp@its.ac.id

MENGAPA DILAKUKAN
SURVEY KONDISI
UNTUK MENENTUKAN APAKAH KAPAL
MEMENUHI STANDARD YANG DISYARATKAN
(ACCEPTABLE STANDARDS) ATAU TIDAK

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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 1

 07-Dec-18

UNTUK TUJUAN APA SURVEY KONDISI

DILAKSANAKAN
1. TUJUAN KLASSIFIKASI
2. TUJUAN NON KLASIFIKASI :
CHARTER
JUAL BELI
TAKSASI HARGA
DLL

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PERSIAPAN INSPEKSI

KUMPULKAN INFORMASI SEBANYAKBANYAKNYA

MENGENAI KAPAL YANG AKAN DIINSPEKSI,
DIANTARANYA :
-GENERAL PARTICULAR;
-DRAWING PLAN;
-INFORMASI SISTEM KOROSI, JENIS COATING,
UMUR COATING, KONDISI COATING DLSB;
-RIWAYAT OPERASIONAL KAPAL;
-RIWAYAT PERBAIKAN DAN PERAWATAN
(TERMASUK DOCKING TERAKHIR);
-LAPORAN INSPEKSI SEBELUMNYA

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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 2

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INSPEKSI
PEMERIKSAAN APA?
1. Sertifikasi

2. Dokumentasi

3. Fisik Kapal

4. Peralatan Kapal

5. Permesinan Kapal

6. Pengawakan

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SERTIFIKASI DAN DOKUMENTASI

PERIKSA SERTIFIKAT DAN DOKUMEN KAPAL
SERTIFIKAT DI KAPAL HARUS ASLI
PERIKSA MASA BERLAKU ( VALIDITAS)
PADA SERTIFIKAT KLASS:
PERIKSA REKOMENDASI ( JIKA ADA )
JATUH TEMPO SURVEY PENGEDOKAN
JATUH TEMPO SURVEY POROS BALING-BALING
DLL

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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 3

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SERTIFIKAT DAN DOKUMEN KAPAL

1. International Tonnage Certificate (1969);
2. Passenger Ship Safety Certificate;
3. Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate;
4. Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate;
5. Cargo Ship Radio Telegraphy Certificate;
6. Cargo Ship Radio Telephony Certificate;
7. Cargo Ship Safety Radio Certificate;
8. Exemption Certificate;
9. Cargo Ship Safety Certificate;
10. Document of Compliance (SOLAS 74, Regulation II-2/54)
11. Dangerous goods special list or manifest, or detailed stowage plan;
12. International Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of Liquefied
Gases in Bulk, or the Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of
Liquefied Gases in Bulk, whichever is appropriate;

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SERTIFIKAT DAN DOKUMEN KAPAL

13. International Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of
Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk, or the Certificate of Fitness
for the Carriage of Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk,
whichever is appropriate;
14. International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate;
15. International Pollution Prevention Certificate for the
Carriage of Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk;
16. International Load Line Certificate (1966);
17. International Load Line Exemption Certificate;
18. Oil Record Book, parts I and II;
19. Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan
20. Cargo Record Book;
21. Minimum Safe Manning Document;
22. Certificates of Competency;
23. Medical certificates (see ILO Convention No. 73);
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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 4

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SERTIFIKAT DAN DOKUMEN KAPAL

24. Stability information;
25. Copy of Document of Compliance and Safety Management Certificate
issued in accordance with the International Management Code for the
Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention (IMO
Resolutions A.741(18) and A.788(19));
26. Certificates as to the ship’s hull strength and machinery installations
issued by the classification society in question (only to be required if
the ship maintains its class with a classification society);
27. Survey Report Files (in case of bulk carriers or oil tankers);
28. For ro-ro passenger ships, information on the A/A-max ratio;
29. Document of authorization for the carriage of grain;
30. Special Purpose Ship Safety Certificate;
31. High Speed Craft Safety Certificate and Permit to Operate High Speed
Craft;
32. Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit Safety Certificate;
33. For oil tankers, the record of oil discharge monitoring and control
system for the last ballast voyage;
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PENGAWAKAN (MANNING)

MINIMUM SAFE MANNING DOCUMENT

CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY
MEDICAL CERTIFICATES (SEE ILO
CONVENTION NO. 73)

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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 5

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PERALATAN

ALAT-ALAT NAVIGASI (NAVIGATION

EQUIPMENT)
ALAT-ALAT KESELAMATAN (LIFE SAFING
APPLIANCES )
ALAT-ALAT PEMADAM KEBAKARAN ( FIRE
FIGHTING APPLIANCES )

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ALAT –ALAT NAVIGASI

ALAT-ALAT NAVIGASI DI KAPAL HARUS SESUAI SOLAS 74 Ch. IV
&V
ALAT-ALAT NAVIGASI HARUS DALAM KONDISI OPERASIONAL.
HARUS ADA BUKTI TERTULIS (EVIDENCE ) YANG
MENUNJUKKAN BAHWA ALAT-ALAT TERSEBUT DIRAWAT
SECARA RUTIN.
PADA PERALATAN RADIO PERHATIKAN :
POWER OUTPUT OF TRANSMITTERS ( KADANGKALA DI BAWAH
ACCEPTABLE LEVEL, YANG MENYEBABKAN PENURUNAN JANGKAUAN
TRANSMISI )
DETERIORATED AERIALS; BROKEN AERIAL INSULATORS;
IMPROPERLY RIGGED AERIALS UNTUK RADIO VERY HIGH
FREQUENCY; INOPERABLE AUTOMATIC ALARMS; DEFECTIVE
SPEAKERS; DAN FAULTY EMERGENCY POWER SOURCES

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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 6

 07-Dec-18

ALAT – ALAT NAVIGASI

DEFISIENSI YANG SERING TERJADI :
TIDAK TERSEDIA PETA NAVIGASI ATAU PETA
NAVIGASI BELUM / TIDAK PERNAH DIKOREKSI
UNTUK SETIAP PELAYARAN.
MAGNETIC COMPASS PERLU DIPERBAIKI ATAU
DIKOREKSI.
KERUSAKAN PADA ECHO DEPTH SOUNDERS ,
RADAR , GYRO REPEATER DAN NAVIGATION
LIGHTS
TABEL PASANG SURUT, DAFTAR SUAR, RAMBU
NAVIGASI YANG KADALUWARSA.
COPY OF REGULATIONS ( SOLAS, MARPOL,
ETC.) TIDAK ADA DI KAPAL.
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ALAT-ALAT KESELAMATAN
ALAT-ALAT KESELAMATAN DI KAPAL :
LIFEBOAT
LIFERAFTS
LIFEBUOYS
LIFEJACKETS
THERMAL PROTECTIVE AIDS

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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 7

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ALAT-ALAT KESELAMATAN
KELENGKAPAN ALAT-ALAT KESELAMATAN
SESUAI SOLAS CH. III DAN LIFE SAFING
APPLIANCES CODE ( LSA CODE)
LIFEBOAT DAN LIFE BUOYS HARUS MENDAPAT
PERHATIAN LEBIH KARENA ALAT
KESELAMATAN INI SERING MENGALAMI
KERUSAKAN DIBANDING ALAT KESELAMATAN
LAINNYA.

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LIFE BOAT
KERUSAKAN YANG SERING TERJADI
Structural defects in lifeboats
Inoperative lifeboat engines or flemming gear
Life buoy lights not working or missing
Excessive wear on lifting hooks in lifeboats
Lifejacket lights missing
Retro-reflective tape missing from equipment
Lifeboat engine mountings badly corroded
Safety equipment not in lifeboats
Float free arrangements on liferafts not
satisfactory
Lifeboat launching systems inoperative.
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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 8

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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 9

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LIFEBUOYS
JUMLAH LIFEBUOY (SOLAS III/32.1.1) :
UNDER 100 METRES IN LENGTH 8 LIFEBUOY
100 METRES AND UNDER 150 METRES 10
LIFEBUOY ;
BETWEEN 150 METRES AND UNDER 200
METRES 12 LIFEBUOY;
200 METRES IN LENGTH AND OVER 14
LIFEBUOY.

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LIFEBUOYS
SEDIKITNYA 1 ( SATU) LIFEBUOY PADA TIAP
SISI KAPAL DILENGKAPI DENGAN ON BUOYANT
LINE YANG PANJANGNYA TIDAK KURANG DARI
DUA KALI TINGGI GELADAK DIMANA LIFEBUOY
TERSEBUT DILETAKKAN ATAU 30 METER
(MANA YANG LEBIH BESAR ) (SOLAS III/7.1.2)

TIDAK KURANG DARI SETENGAH JUMLAH

LIFEBUOYS DI KAPAL HARUS DILENGKAPI
SELFIGNITING LIGHTS;DUA DIANTARANYA
HARUS DILENGKAPI SELF-ACTIVATING SMOKE
SIGNALS CAPABLE OF QUICK RELEASE FROM
THE NAVIGATING BRIDGE (SOLAS III/7.1.3)

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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 10

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LIFEJACKETS
A lifejacket shall be provided for every person
on board and,
in addition, a sufficient number of lifejackets
shall be carried for persons on watch and for
use at remotely located survival craft stations.
The lifejackets carried for persons on watch
should be stowed on the bridge, in the engine
control room and at any other manned watch
station. (SOLAS III/7.2.1)

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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 11

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LIFEJACKETS, IMMERSION SUITS

Cargo ships shall carry for each lifeboat on the ship
at least three immersion suits, or, if the
administration considers it necessary and
practicable, one immersion suit for every person on
board the ship. Immersion suits are not required if
totally enclosed lifeboats are fitted. (SOLAS III/32.3.2)
An immersion suit or an anti-exposure suit, of an
appropriate size, shall be provided for every person
assigned to crew the rescue boat. (SOLAS III/7.3)
Note: Amendments to SOLAS III/32 which are
expected to come into force on 1 st July 2006 will
require immersion suits to be carried for each person
on board.

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PYROTECHNICS, INCLUDING LINE

THROWING APPARATUS
NOT LESS THAN 12 ROCKET PARACHUTE FLARES
SHALL BE CARRIED AND BE STOWED ON OR
NEAR THE NAVIGATION BRIDGE. (SOLAS III/6.3)
A LINE THROWING APPLIANCE (INCLUDING NOT
LESS THAN FOUR PROJECTILES, FOUR LINES
AND BRIEF INSTRUCTIONS OR DIAGRAMS) SHALL
BE PROVIDED. (SOLAS III/18)
AN ILLUSTRATED TABLE DESCRIBING THE LIFE-
SAVING SIGNALS SHALL BE READILY AVAILABLE
TO THE OFFICER OF THE WATCH. (SOLAS V/29

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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 12

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LOCATIONS OF LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES

MARKED WITH IMO SYMBOLS
Containers, brackets, racks and other similar
stowage locations for life-saving equipment shall be
marked with symbols in accordance with IMO Res.
A.760(18).
If more than one device is stowed in that location,
the number of devices shall also be indicated.
(SOLAS III/20.10)

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PERALATAN PEMADAM KEBAKARAN

(FIRE FIGHTING APPLIANCES)
PERALATAN PEMADAM DI KAPAL
FIXED FIRE DETECTION :
CO2 / INERT GAS SYSTEM FOR CARGO SPACES /
ENGINEROOM
PORTABLE FIRE FIGHTING APPLIANCES
LOCAL FIXED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
FIREMAIN SYSTEM

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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 13

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PERALATAN PEMADAM KEBAKARAN

YANG SERING MENGALAMI KERUSAKAN DAN
HARUS DIPERHATIKAN :
Pompa pemadam tidak dapat dioperasikan (khususnya
emergency fire pumps)
Fireman leaking or fitted with doublers or soft-patches
Fire hoses missing or leaking
Defective breathing apparatus
Excessive oil accumulation in machinery spaces
Fire detectors broken

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FIRE CONTROL PLAN

THE REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE PLANS ARE
CONTAINED IN SOLAS II-2/15.2.4.
IMO RESOLUTION A.654(16) RECOMMENDS
THE SYMBOLS TO BE USED ON FIRE
CONTROL PLANS.

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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 14

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PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

EACH EXTINGUISHER SHOULD BE CLEARLY MARKED WITH THE
FOLLOWING MINIMUM INFORMATION:
NAME OF THE MANUFACTURER;
TYPE OF FIRE FOR WHICH THE EXTINGUISHER IS SUITABLE;
TYPE AND QUANTITY OF EXTINGUISHING MEDIUM;
APPROVAL DETAILS;
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE AND RECHARGE (IT IS
RECOMMENDED THAT OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS BE GIVEN
IN PICTORIAL FORM);
YEAR OF MANUFACTURE;
TEMPERATURE RANGE OVER WHICH THE EXTINGUISHER
WILL OPERATE SATISFACTORILY; AND TEST PRESSURE.
ONE OF THE PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS INTENDED FOR
USE IN ANY SPACE SHALL BE STOWED NEAR THE ENTRANCE
TO THAT SPACE. (SOLAS 1974 II-2/6.6 AND SOLAS 2004 II-
2/10.3.2.2)
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FIREMEN'S OUTFITS AND

BREATHING APPARATUS
TANKERS SHALL CARRY FOUR FIREMEN’S
OUTFITS, WHICH SHALL CONSIST OF:
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING OF MATERIAL TO
PROTECT THE SKIN FROM THE HEAT RADIATING
FROM THE FIRE AND FROMBURNS AND
SCALDING BY STEAM. THE OUTER SURFACE
SHALL BE WATER-RESISTANT;
BOOTS OF RUBBER OR OTHER ELECTRICALLY
NON-CONDUCTING MATERIAL;
A RIGID HELMET PROVIDING EFFECTIVE
PROTECTION AGAINST IMPACT;

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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 15

 07-Dec-18

FIREMEN'S OUTFITS AND

BREATHING APPARATUS
AN ELECTRIC SAFETY LAMP OF AN APPROVED TYPE WITH A
BURNING PERIOD OF 3 HOURS.
SAFETY LAMPS ONTANKERS AND THOSE INTENDED TO BE
USED IN HAZARDOUS AREAS SHALL BE OF AN EXPLOSION-
PROOF TYPE;
AN AXE WITH A HANDLE PROVIDED WITH HIGH-VOLTAGE
INSULATION;
A BREATHING APPARATUS OF AN APPROVED TYPE; AND
FOR EACH BREATHING APPARATUS A FIREPROOF LINE OF AT
LEAST 30 METRES IN LENGTH, CAPABLE OF BEING ATTACHED
BY MEANS OF A SNAP-HOOK TO THE HARNESS OF THE
APPARATUS OR TO A SEPARATE BELT IN ORDER TO PREVENT
THE BREATHING APPARATUS BECOMING DETACHED WHEN
THE LIFELINE IS OPERATED.
(SOLAS 1974 II-2/17, SOLAS 2004 II-2/10.10 and FSS Code 3/2.1.1)
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EMERGENCY ESCAPE BREATHING

DEVICES (EEBD’S)
ALL SHIPS SHALL CARRY AT LEAST TWO
EMERGENCY ESCAPE BREATHING DEVICES
WITHIN ACCOMMODATION SPACES. (SOLAS II-
2/13.3.4.2)
SPARE EMERGENCY ESCAPE BREATHING
DEVICES SHALL BE KEPT ON BOARD. (SOLAS
II- 2/13.3.4.1)

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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 16

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PEMERIKSAAN FISIK KAPAL

LAMBUNG
( Pelat kulit, Deck, Superstructure & Deckhouse,
Sekat-sekat):

LAMBUNG TIMBUL ( Load Lines )

CARGO GEAR (Crane )

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PEMERIKSAAN FISIK KAPAL

KERUSAKAN YANG SERING TERJADI PADA

KONSTRUKSI LAMBUNG KAPAL MELIPUTI TIGA
HAL UTAMA :
• PENGURANGAN KETEBALAN
• RETAK / CRAKS
• DEFORMASI

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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 17

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PEMERIKSAAN FISIK KAPAL

RETAK / CRACKS :
MAIN DECK :
TEPI GELADAK ( DECK STRINGER )
PLAT GELADAK DISEKITAR BUKAN-BUKAAN GELADAK
(HATCHES)
AMBANG PALKAH ( SUDUT AMBANG ) BERIKUT
KONSTRUKSINYA

UNDER DECK ( Twin Deck ):

KONSTRUKSI SAMBUNGAN ANTARA SEKAT
MELINTANG, GIRDER/STIFFENER DAN PELAT
KONSTRUKSI PENOPANG MISAL: HATCH END BEAM,
CANTILEVER

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PEMERIKSAAN FISIK KAPAL

RUANG MUAT
SELAIN MEMPERHATIKAN KONSTRUKSI
RUANG MUAT, YANG JUGA PENTING UNTUK
DIPERIKSA ADALAH BILGE SUCTION.
BILGE SUCTION DIPERIKSA KEBERSIHANNYA.
JIKA TERDAPAT BANYAK GENANGAN AIR,
BILGE SUCTION HARUS DITEST.
PIPA DI RUANG MUAT DIPERIKSA TERHADAP
KOROSI

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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 18

 07-Dec-18

PEMERIKSAAN FISIK KAPAL

LAMBUNG TIMBUL ( LOAD LINES )
PERHATIKAN KONDISI VENTILATORS, AIR PIPES,
DOORS AND HATCHWAYS.

DEFISIENSI YANG SERING TERJADI :

CARGO HATCH COVER SECURING DEVICES HILANG
ATAU TIDAK BISA DIOPERASIKAN
TUTUP SOUNDING PIPE HILANG
PIPA UDARA BERLUBANG
SECURING DEVICES PADA PINTU KEDAP CUACA
HILANG
CARGO HATCH COVERS BERLUBANG
PINTU-PINTU TIDAK KEDAP CUACA
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PEMERIKSAAN FISIK KAPAL

TUTUP MANHOLE BERKARAT
EXTERNAL LADDERS DAN RAILS PADA SISI KAPAL
TIDAK AMAN
KERUSAKAN PADA GANG WAYS,
ACCOMMODATION LADDERS, DECK WALKWAYS/
PLATFORMS, DAN PILOT LADDERS
CLOSING APPLIANCES RUSAK
VENT PIPES/CLOSURE HEADS BERLUBANG/
RUSAK
HATCHES DAN WEATHERTIGHT DOORS TIDAK
KEDAP CUACA.

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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 19

 07-Dec-18

PEMERIKSAAN FISIK KAPAL

CARGO GEAR
PERHATIKAN KONDISI ALAT-ALAT ANGKAT MUATAN (CARGO
GEAR) DI KAPAL

DEFISIENSI YANG SERING TERJADI :

ABSENCE OF IDENTIFICATION MARKS ON HOOKS, BLOCKS,
AND SHACKLES AND OTHER SMALL ITEMS OF EQUIPMENT
DOCUMENTATION ON EXAMINATIONS AND TESTING
UNAVAILABLE
CARGO WINCH BED PLATES, WINCH DRUMS AND BRAKES
SUFFICIENTLY CORRODED TO POSE A DANGER TO THOSE
USING THE EQUIPMENT AND THUS REQUIRING REPAIR
LADDERS GIVING ACCESS TO CARGO HOLDS OR TANKS,
AND HYDRAULIC PIPES ON CARGO WINCHES ARE BADLY
CORRODED
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PEMERIKSAAN PERMESINAN KAPAL

KEBERSIHAN DI KAMAR MESIN.

KINERJA / PERFORMA PERMESINAN DI KAPAL

DENGAN MELAKSANAKAN UJI FUNGSI
TERHADAP PERMESINAN DI KAPAL ( ME, AE &
POMPA-POMPA)

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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 20

 07-Dec-18

PEMERIKSAAN PERMESINAN KAPAL

UJI FUNGSI DILAKUKAN UNTUK MENGETAHUI
PERFORMA:
COMBUSTIBLE GAS DETECTORS OR FIXED
GAS DETECTION SYSTEM
OXYGEN ANALYSER
TOXIC GAS DETECTOR
OVERBOARD DISCHARGE MONITOR
CARGO PUMP EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN AND
BEARING ALARMS
HIGH LEVEL ALARMS
OVERFILL ALARMS
QUICK CLOSING VALVES

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PEMERIKSAAN PERMESINAN KAPAL

UJI FUNGSI DILAKUKAN UNTUK MENGETAHUI
PERFORMA DARI SISTEM / ALARM :
• INERT GAS SYSTEM ALARMS
• OILY WATER SEPARATOR
• FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS
• STEERING GEAR
• EMERGENCY GENERATOR
• ENGINE ROOM VENTILATION SHUTDOWNS
• FUEL OIL CUT-OFF VALVES

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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 21

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REPORTING
LAPORAN SURVEY KONDISI BIASANYA BERUPA DAFTAR ISIAN
( CHECKLIST) YANG HARUS DIISI OLEH INSPEKTOR.
CHECKLIST BERISI PERTANYAAN YANG HARUS DIJAWAB
SEBAGAI YES / NO / NOT APPLICABLE
NOT APPLICABLE BIASANYA DIGUNAKAN JIKA ITEM YANG
DITANYAKAN TIDAK ADA / TIDAK DISYARATKAN
SATISFACTORY BERARTI :
EQUIPMENT ATAU BAGIAN KAPAL YANG DIPERIKSA MEMENUHI
STANDARD (INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS DAN NATIONAL
REQUIREMENT), AND
THAT THE EQUIPMENT OR PART OF THE VESSEL IS FIT FOR THE
PURPOSE INTENDED; IS IN WORKING ORDER AND WILL REMAIN,
AS FAR AS CAN REASONABLY BE DETERMINED, IN THAT
CONDITION FOR A PERIOD OF AT LEAST 12 MONTHS WITH
NORMAL MAINTENANCE.

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REPORTING
INSPEKTOR HARUS MELAPORKAN SETIAP
KETIDAKSESUAIAN/ KERUSAKAN/ KEKURANGAN
YANG DITEMUI SELAMA INSPEKSI.
SALINAN LAPORAN TERSEBUT DISAMPAIKAN KE
NAKHODA.
LENGKAPI DENGAN PHOTO
A GENERAL PHOTOGRAPH OF THE VESSEL (TO
INCLUDE SHIP'S NAME).
PICTURES OF HATCH COAMINGS, DECK MACHINERY
AND CARGO GEAR.
PICTURES OF HATCH COMPRESSION BARS AND
RUBBERS.
PICTURES OF HOLD BILGE SUCTIONS.
GENERAL VIEWS OF EACH HOLD.

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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 22

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TERIMAKASIH

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Dept of Marine Engineering ITS 23