CE 378 Project

Water and Waste: Issues and Resources

CONTENTS
• Water Resources
• Water Supply
• Waste Management
• Excreta/sanitation
• Wastewater—greywater (sullage)
• Wastewater—black
• Solid waste

compiled by E. A. Donkor
Problem Solving
• Assess Current Situation to identify Problems

• Evaluate Alternative Solutions using SHTEFIE

• Propose a Final Solution

compiled by E. A. Donkor
Water Systems
• Source
• Quantities
• Demand
• Supply/distribution

compiled by E. A. Donkor
Assessing Existing Water Supply Services and Population Served

1. What is the size of a typical household?……………………. 9. What do residents say about the taste of their water?
2. Where do residents obtain water for their household? • Always good
• Unprotected wells • Sometimes good
• rivers
• Most of the time bad
• lakes
• ponds,
• bore-hole
10. What do residents say about the clarity of their water?
• hand-dug well
• rainwater • Always clear
• public standpipe • Sometimes clear
• house connection • Most of the time not clear
3. How much water do households use in a day? ………
4. What container do residents use in fetching water? ……….
11. How often is water available?
5. What is the size(s) of the container(s) used? …….
• 1-4 hours each day
6. How many trips per container is made each day? ……. • 5-8 hours each day
7. How long does it take residents to obtain water? .……. • 7-12 hours each day
8. How far are water point from residents’ homes? ………. • 12-24 hours each day
compiled by E. A. Donkor
Water Storage

compiled by E. A. Donkor
compiled by E. A. Donkor
Water Evaluation
• What do you perceive to be the problems with
• Source(s) of water?
• Water supply system?

• What alternatives would you consider for solving these problems?

• Which option would you select and why?

compiled by E. A. Donkor
WASTE MANAGEMENT
• Excreta/sanitation
• Wastewater—greywater (sullage)
• Wastewater—black
• Solid waste

compiled by E. A. Donkor
Waste Systems
• Generation
• On-site handling, storage and processing
• Collection
• Transfer and Transport
• Treatment/Processing
• Disposal

compiled by E. A. Donkor
Assessing Existing Sanitation Services and Population Served
1. What kind of sanitation facility is available in the 3. Which type of facility is available in schools?
community?
• open defecation/field • open defecation/field
• bucket latrines • bucket latrines
• Public/Community toilets • Public/Community toilets
• household KVIP • household KVIP
• household pour-flush toilets, • household pour-flush toilets,
• connections to septic tanks
• connection to sewer • connections to septic tanks
• other • connection to sewer
2. Which type of sanitation facility do residents use? 4. How many times do residents visit the sanitation
• open defecation/field facility?…….
• bucket latrines
• Public/Community toilets
• household KVIP 5. How long does it take residents to wait for their
• household pour-flush toilets, turn?
• connections to septic tanks
• connection to sewer
• other
6. How far are sanitation facilities from residents?

compiled by E. A. Donkor
compiled by E. A. Donkor
compiled by E. A. Donkor
compiled by E. A. Donkor
compiled by E. A. Donkor
compiled by E. A. Donkor
Sanitation Evaluation
• What do you perceive to be the problems with Sanitation facilities in
the area?

• What alternatives would you consider for solving these problems?

• Which option would you select and why?

compiled by E. A. Donkor
Resource(s) Persons for Computations
• Written Materials (medial waste management etc)
• Water Resources (borehole yields) Dr. Kweku Adjei
• Water Quality Dr. Buamah
• Water distribution Dr Nyarko
• Solid Waste Dr. Oduro Kwarteng
• Sewage Dr. Helen Anipa

compiled by E. A. Donkor