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    shazeen shoaib
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    Brown rot fungi and white rot fungi differ in how they degrade wood. Brown rot fungi partially degrade cellulose and leave lignin intact, while white rot fungi can fully degrade both cellulose and lignin. Actinorhizal symbiosis is a nitrogen-fixing relationship between actinobacteria in the genus Frankia and certain plants. Frankia has a branched filamentous structure and lives intracellularly in plant root cells. Ectomycorrhiza is a mutualistic relationship between fungi and plant roots where the fungi form a sheath around the roots but do not penetrate the root cells. Biomineralization is the process by which living organisms produce minerals.

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    Brown rot fungi and white rot fungi differ in how they degrade wood. Brown rot fungi partially degrade cellulose and leave lignin intact, while white rot fungi can fully degrade both cellulose and lignin. Actinorhizal symbiosis is a nitrogen-fixing relationship between actinobacteria in the genus Frankia and certain plants. Frankia has a branched filamentous structure and lives intracellularly in plant root cells. Ectomycorrhiza is a mutualistic relationship between fungi and plant roots where the fungi form a sheath around the roots but do not penetrate the root cells. Biomineralization is the process by which living organisms produce minerals.

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    4 views1 page

    Subjective 8th

    Uploaded by

    shazeen shoaib
    Brown rot fungi and white rot fungi differ in how they degrade wood. Brown rot fungi partially degrade cellulose and leave lignin intact, while white rot fungi can fully degrade both cellulose and lignin. Actinorhizal symbiosis is a nitrogen-fixing relationship between actinobacteria in the genus Frankia and certain plants. Frankia has a branched filamentous structure and lives intracellularly in plant root cells. Ectomycorrhiza is a mutualistic relationship between fungi and plant roots where the fungi form a sheath around the roots but do not penetrate the root cells. Biomineralization is the process by which living organisms produce minerals.

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    F.G.

    Degree College for Women, Wah Cantt


    BS-Botany 8th Semester
    Mid-Semester Exam Spring 2023
    Subject: Microbes, Man and Environment.
    Course Code: BOT-409 Time:1hour 20 mins
    Name: ____________ Roll no: ___________

    SECTION-B (10)
    Attempt all 5 parts. All questions carry equal marks (10)
    1. Write three differences between Brown Rot and White Rot Fungi. (3)
    2. What is actinorhizal symbiosis? Explain the structure of Frankia. (4)
    3. Explain Ectomycorrhiza. (2)
    4. What is Biomineralization? (1)

    SECTION-C (10)
    Answer the following Long Question. (10)
    Q.1 Write advantages and disadvantages of Foregut and Hindgut Fermentors. (5)
    Q.2 Explain:
    a) Direct exchange of carbon between atmosphere and ocean. (2.5)
    b) Denitrification. (2.5)

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