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ASTHMA
Respiratory system
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ASTHMA
Definition
Asthma is a chronic lung disease in which a person s airway respond in
hyperactive way to certain stimuli cause airway intlammation and narrowing

I t is a three step problem- 1. Airway intlammation.

2. Airway Hyper-responsiveness
3. Bronchospasm.
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Air trapped
in alveoli

Relaxed
smooth Tightened
muscles smooth
muscles

Wall inflamed
and thickened
Asthmatic airway
Normal airway Asthmatic airway during attack
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2. Causes of Asthma:-
ASTHMA CAUSES

Air pollution. .uenetic

Dust. Occupational stimuli D
SOMEFOOOS
BEVERAGES
OAVGE

1RES

Allergens ESPRATO
TNFEC
TONS
CERTAIN
MEDICATICO

Environmental changes
Weather/temp. tNET

CHEMIC. ALS
OuST

Chemical irritants
SAAOING AND PARFUMES

AR POLLUTANTS

Certain medication Like NSAID's.

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3. lupes of Asthma:-
Extrinsic
Int
Extrinsic Asthma -

Dust and pollen

Iypes
Intntrinsi c
Intrinsic Asthma - Infection and stress
Exercise Induced Asthma Running and Swimming -
of paonput
Asthmaa spiex

Nocturnal Asthma - Sumptoms worse at night.

Occupational
Uccupational Asthma -

Breathing in chemical tumes,

gases, dust, etc
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Pathophusioloqy
Trigger Factor| Asthma-Inflamed Bronchial Tube

Airway Inflammation

Hypersecretion |Airway Muscle Swelling Bronchial

of Mucuss Constriction Membranes
asthma
normal
Narrow Breathing Passages

Wheezing, Cough,
Shortness of Breath,
Tightness in Chest
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5. Clinical Menitestionsi-
Shortness of breathing

Whizzing sound
SHORTNESs DIFFICULTY DRY COUGH

Difficulty in breathing OF BREATH BREATHING

.Coughing
Chest tightness ASTHMA
SIGNS AND SYMDTOMs NIGHT COUGH wHEEZING CHEST PAIN

Mucus production
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6. Diagnostic evaluation-
96

Physical examination

Family history
Spirometer- device measure how much air you can exhale and how torcetully you can breath out.

Pulse oximerty- measure the amount of oxygen in bloodstream

Chest Xray
Auscultation tor breath sounds (Whizzing sound)
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Medical manaqement-
. Bronchodilator (Beta-agonist): They causes
widening ot the airway by
relaxing bronchial smooth muscle by stimulate beta-receptors
Example- Albuterol, Salbutamol, Formoterol.
Tighten
Smooth
Muscle

2. Kanthine derivatives: Relaxes smooth muscles of bronchi Inflamed

wall

Example- Theophyline, Deriphyline, Aminophylline

Mucus
production
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3. Anticholinergic These drugs include relaxation ot smooth muscle, and decreased secretion ot
mucusS.

Example- Ipratropium, Atropine sulphate (Nebulizer). Tighten

Smooth
Muscie

4. CorticosteroidsAnti-inflammatory antiallergic. and Inflamed

wall

Example- Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone, Betamethasone. Mucus

production

5. Leukotriene receptor antagonist They prevent the action of leukotriene blocking their

receptors on cell membranes (leukotrienes have a

key role in intlamation).
Example- Montelukast Zafirlukast.