lrlbZ lkfgR; dh ijEijk esa fcgkjh lrlbZ

dk fu/kkZj.k
ekLVlZ vkWQ vkVZ ¼fgUnh foHkkx½
mikf/k dh vkaf’kd iwfrZ gsrq izLrqr
y?kq 'kks/k&izcU/k

'kks/k i;Zos{kd 'kks/kdrkZ

MkW0 vfuy dqekj vrqy dqekj
fgUnh foHkkx ,e0,0 prqFkZ
lsesLVj
fnO; —iky ih th dkyst xkslok jksy ua- 2120185570025
eYykoka ] gjnksbZ

'kks/k LFky
fnO; —iky ih th dkyst xkslok eYykoka gjnksbZ
l=2023

i
 izek.k i=
izekf.kr fd;k tkrk gS fd izLrqr y?kq 'kks/k izca/k vrqy dqekj
ftldk 'kh"kZd ^^ lrlbZ lkfgR; dh ijEijk esa fcgkjh lrlbZ dk
fu/kkZj.k** gS fgUnh foHkkx fnO; —iky ih th dkyst xkslok
eYykoka gjnksbZ ¼ prqFkZ lsesLVj fgUnh foHkkx½ ijh{kk
l=& 2022&2023 dh vkaf'kd izfriwfrZ gsrq izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
eSa buds Lof.kZe Hkfo"; dh dkeuk djrk gw¡A

'kks/k i;Zos{kd
MkW0 vfuy dqekj

fnukad %&
LFkku %&

ii
 ?kks"k.kk i=
eSa vrqy dqekj ;g ?kks"k.kk djrk gwa fd izLrqr y?kq 'kks/k
izcU/k ftldk 'kh"kZd ^^ lrlbZ lkfgR; dh ijEijk esa fcgkjh lrlbZ
dk fu/kkZj.k** gSA fnO; —iky ih th dkyst xkslok eYykoka
gjnksbZ dh ¼,e0,0 prqFkZ lsesLVj fgUnh foHkkx½ mikf/k dh
vkaf'kd iwfrZ gsrq izLrqr fd;k x;k gS] ;g y?kq 'kks/k izcU/k esjh
yxu o ifjJe dk ifj.kke gSA

fnukad& 'kks/kdrkZ
LFkku vrqy dqekj
,e0,0 prqFkZ lsesLVj
¼fgUnh foHkkx½

iii
 vkHkkj i=
ftl d:.kke;h us eq>s tUe fn;k rFkk ftuds egRoiw.kZ ykyu
ikyu ,oa vuq'kklu esa iydj ;g ekuo thou iYyfor gqvk gS ,sls esa
viuh ekrk ,oa firk ds pj.kksa esa loZçFke ç.kfr vfiZr djrs gq,
Lo;a dks èkU;re~ vuqHko dj jgk gw¡A

çLrqr y?kq 'kksèk çkjEHk ls vUr rd fodflr djus esa vusd

fo}kuksa rFkk vkn'kZokfn;ksa us vius dq'ky ekxZn'kZu] ijke'kZ
rFkk mi;ksxh fopkj çnku dj esjh lgk;rk dh gS eSa mu lHkh ds çfr
vHkkj çdV djuk pkgrk gw¡¡A çLrqr y?kq 'kksèk çcUèk esjh
'kks/k i;Zos{kd ije vknj.kh; MkW0 vfuy dqekj fgUnh
foHkkx fnO; —iky ih th dkyst xkslok eYykoka gjnksbZ dh
¼,e0,0 FgUnh foHkkx½ ds iFk çn'kZu dk gh çfr Qy gS
ftUgksaus vR;Ur O;Lrrk esa viuk cgqewY; le; nsdj esjh vusd
leL;kvksa dks nwj fd;k eSa vius vknj.kh; dk ân; ls vHkkj O;ä
djrk gw¡ ftudk dq'ky funZs'ku ,oa lg;ksx esjs ekul iVy ij lnSo
vafdr jgsxkA

çLrqr% y?kq 'kksèk çcUèk ds fy, egkfo|ky; ds MkW0 vfuy

dqekj fgUnh foHkkx fnO; —iky ih th dkyst xkslok
eYykoka gjnksbZ dh ¼,e0,0 FgUnh foHkkx½ dh vR;Ur vHkkjh
gw¡A ftudh lgefr ls ;g 'kksèk dk;Z çkjEHk dj ldhA ftUgksaus
iv
viuk cgqewY; le; nsdj 'kksèk dks çekf.kr cukus esa lg;ksx fn;k
buds vkReh; lg;ksx dk gh ifj.kke gS fd vkt eSa vius y?kq 'kksèk
çcUèk dks iw.kZ dj ldh eSusa vius 'kksèk dk;Z ds vkdM+s ,df=r
djus ds fy, ftu laLFkkuksa dk lg;ksx fy;k gS eSa mu lHkh
laLFkkuksa ds f'k{kdksa vkSj Nk=ksa ds çfr gkfnZd :i ls viuk
vkHkkj çdV djrh gw¡A ftUgksaus eq>s viuk cgqewY; le; ,oa
lg;ksx nsdj esjs dk;Z dks iw.kZ djus esa lg;ksx fn;k buds fy, eSa
budk ân; ls vkHkkj O;ä djrk gw¡A

fnukad&
'kks/kdrkZ
vrqy dqekj
,e0,0 prqFkZ lsesLVj

v
 fo"k; lwph

izFke v/;k;& izLrkouk

 çeq[k lrlbZ xzUFk

 jlfufèk lrlbZ ¼jlfufèk½

f}rh; v/;k;& fcgkjh th dk O;fDrRo ,oa d`frRo

r`rh; v/;k;& fcgkjh lrlbZ dh yksdfç;rk

 laL—r] çk—r o viHkza'k esa

 fgUnh lrlbZ
 efrjke lrlbZ o fcgkjh lrlbZ
 fcgkjh lrlbZ dk LFkku

prqFkZ v/;k;& dkO; lkS"Vo vkSj fcgkjh lrlbZ

 jlflf) dk vFkZ
 J`axkj jl
 la;ksx J`axkj
 :i o.kZu
 ØhM+k o.kZu
 Hkfä jl
 Hkko O;atuk vkSj fcgkjh lrlbZ
vi
  gko o.kZu
 vxat Hkko
 v;Rut gko
 fcgkjh vkSj ç—fr fp=.k

iape~ v/;k;& fu"d"kZ

lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph

vii
 izFke v/;k;

izLrkouk

lrlbZ] eqäd dkO; dh ,d fof'k"V foèkk gSA blds varxZr dfox.k

700 ;k 700 ls vfèkd nksgs fy[kdj ,d xzaFk ds :i esa ladfyr djrs jgs
gSaA lrlbZ 'kCn lr vkSj lbZ ls cuk gS] "lr" dk vFkZ lkr vkSj lbZ
dk vFkZ lkS gSA bl çdkj lrlbZ dkO; og dkO; gS ftlesa lkr lkS
Nan gksrs gSaA fcgkjh lrlbZ esa ,d ek= ^jksyk* Nan dk ç;ksx
fd;k x;k gSA

lrlbZ dkO; us ,d fof'k"V ijaijk ds :i esa çfrf"Br gksdj viuh futh

fo'ks"krk,¡ fodflr dh gSaA lrlbZ jpuk dh ijaijk "gky" dh
xkFkklIr'krh ls vkjaHk gqbZA ;g çk—r dk xzaFk gS rFkk blesa
jl ls flä vkSj yksdthou dk ltho fp= çLrqr djusokyh xkFkk,¡ gSaA
blds ckn xksoèkZukpk;Z dh "vk;kZlIr'krh" laL—r esa fy[kh
xbZA ve# dfo ds "ve#'krd" esa Hkh 'k`axkjjl ds euksgkjh 'yksd
gSaA la[;kijd bu xzaFkksa ds çHkko ls fganh lkfgR; esa lrlbZ
jpuk dk pko c<+k ijarq fganh lkfgR; ds çkax.k esa lrlbZ jpuk dk
lrr fodkl vius futh <ax ij gqvk( og vius iwoZorÊ lrlbZ lkfgR; ls
çHkkfor gS ijarq mldk futÊo vuqdj.k ugha gSA

1
fganh lkfgR; esa jhfrdky ds çeq[k dfo fcgkjhyky dh fy[kh fcgkjh
lrlbZ us cM+h çflf) ikbZA fganh lkfgR; esa bl xzaFk dk vR;ar
çpkj gqvk rFkk lrlbZjpuk ds fy, blus vusd dfo;ksa dks çsfjr
fd;kA fcgkjh lrlbZ dh c<+rh gqbZ yksdfç;rk ns[kdj vusd
ewèkZU; dfo;ksa ds nksgksa dks Hkh ckn esa lrlbZ dk :i ns fn;k
x;k] tSls "rqylhlrlbZ"A eqäd dkO; dk ;g :i bruk tufç; gqvk fd
fganh esa lrlb;ksa dk ,d fo'kky HkaMkj gesa miyCèk gSA buesa
jghe lrlbZ] rqylh lrlbZ] fcgkjh lrlbZ] jlfufèk lrlbZ] efrjke lrlbZ]
o`an lrlbZ] Hkwifr lrlbZ] panu lrlbZ] foØe lrlbZ] jke lrlbZ ds
uke çeq[k gSa vkSj ;s lrlb;k¡ eè; ;qx esa fy[kh xbZA vkèkqfud
dky esa Hkh vusd lrlb;k¡ eè; ;qx esa fy[kh xbZaA vkèkqfud dky
esa Hkh lrlb;k¡ fy[kh xbZa tSls gfjvkSèk —r gfjvkSèk lrlbZ]
fo;ksxh gfj dh ohj lrlbZ Hkh cM+h çfl) vkSj lkef;d jpuk,¡ gSaA

çeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡

¼1½ lrlb;ksa esa 700 ;k 700 ls dqN vfèkd Nan gksrs gSaA

¼2½ lrlb;ksa esa çeq[k :i ls "nksgk" Nan dk ç;ksx gksrk

gS( nksgk ds lkFk lksjBk vkSj joS Nan dk ç;ksx Hkh lrlbZdkj
chp chp esa dj nsrs gSaA

2
¼3½ lrlb;ksa] esa çeq[k :i ls 'k`axkjjl dh çèkkurk gSA 'k`axkj ds
vfrfjä uhfr rFkk Hkfä] oSjkX; dks Hkh lrlbZdkjksa us fy;k gSA
fcgkjh lrlbZ 'k`axkjçèkku jpuk gS] c`an lrlbZ uhfrijd dkO; gS
rFkk rqylh lrlbZ esa Hkfä] Kku] deZ vkSj oSjkX; ds nksgs
gSaA lrlbZdkjksa us viuh lrlbZ;ksa esa çk;: bu lHkh fo"k;ksa ds
nksgs dgs gSaA 'k`axkjçèkku lrlbZ;ksa esa 'k`axkj ds lkFk uhfr
rFkk Hkfä vkSj oSjkX; ds nksgs Hkh feyrs gSa] tSls fcgkjh
lrlbZ vkSj efrjke lrlbZ esaA c`an lrlbZ iw.kZr: uhfrlrlbZ gS rFkk
rqylh lrlbZ esa Hkfä r;k oSjkX; ds nksgksa ds lkFk uhfr ds
nksgksa dh Hkh çèkkurk gSA eq[; :i ls 'k`axkj vkSj uhfr bu
nksuksa dh çèkkurk lrlb;ksa esa ns[kus dks feyrh gSA

¼4½ 'k`axkjdky esa Hkh vkèkqfud lrlb;k¡ fy[kh xbZ

ftuesa ;fn ,d vksj 'k`axkj vkSj uhfr dh çèkkurk gS rks nwljh vksj
"ohjjl rFkk d#.kjl ds u, fo"k;ksa dks Hkh lrlbZdkjksa us fy[kk
gSA lw;ZeYy feJ.k dh ohj lrlbZ] rFkk fo;ksxh gfj dh ohj lrlbZ
esa jk"Vªh;rk dks txkus ds fy, ohjksfpr mfä;k¡ dgh xbZ gSa vkSj
ns'k dh nqnZ'kk ij mUgksaus d#.kk ls ;qä nksgs dgs gSaA lrlbZ
oLrqr eqäd dkO; dh ,d fof'k"V ijaijk gSA

fgUnh lkfgR; ds egkdfo fcgkjh jhfrdkyhu] jhfrfl) dkO;èkkjk ds

Js"B dfo FksA fcgkjhyky dk tUe lu~ 1603 bZå ds yxHkx

3
Xokfy;j ds ikl clok xksfoaniqj xk¡o esa gqvk FkkA buds firk dk
uke ds'kojk; FkkA os laL—r ds fo}ku FksA fcgkjhyky ekFkqj
pkScs FksA bl nksgs esa muds ckY;dky vkSj ;kSoudky dk çek.k
feyrk gS&

tUe Xokfy;j tkfu;s] [kaM cqansys ckyA

r#ukbZ vkbZ lq?kj] eFkqjk clh llqjkyAA

fcgkjh us —".k ds lkFk&lkFk vius nksgs esa fdlh vkykSfdd O;fä

dks Hkh ueu fd;k gSA og fuf'pr gh fcgkjh ds firk gksaxs tks
fganh ds çfl) dfo ds'ko gh gS] fdUrq ;g fo"k; vktrd fookn;ksX;
gSA

çdV Hk;s }htjkt dqy] lqcl clsa czt vk;A

esjks gjkS dysl lc] dslks & dslkSjk;AA

budh ckY;koLFkk cqansy[kaM esa fcrkA fookg ds ckn os vius

llqjky eFkqjk esa jgus yxsA ?kj tokbZ cudj jgus ds dkj.k bUgsa
dqN frjL—r gksuk iM+k FkkA ftlds dkj.k os vkJ; dh [kkst esa
t;iqj ds egkjkt t; flag ds njckj esa igqapsA ogk¡ ij mUgsa mfpr
lEeku vkSj vkJ; nksuksa feykA

4
egkjkt t; flag ls eqykdkr dh dgkuh Hkh dkQh euksjatd FkhA
dgrs gSa& egkjkt t; flag viuh NksVh jkuh ds çse esa bruk yhu
jgk djrs Fks fd os jkt&ikV ns[kus ds fy, egy ls ckgj ugha fudyrs
FksA jktegy ds lHkh yksx dkQh fpafrr jgk djrs FksA os lc le>
ugha ikrs Fks fd D;k fd;k tk,\ ,d fnu fcgkjhyky jktnjckj esa
igq¡ps vkSj jktk t; flag ls feyus dh b{kk tkfgj fd,A njokfj;ksa dk
dksbZ tokc ugha ikdj fcgkjhyky cksys fd esjk ;s lans'k egkjkt rd
igq¡pk nhft,A fcgkjhyky us lans'k esa fy[kk Fkk &

^ugha ijkx ugha eèkqj eèkq] ugha fodkl bgh dkyA

vyh dyh gkSa lks caè;ks] vkxs dkSu goky**AA

fcgkjh ds bl nksgs us jktk ds Åij ea= tSlk dke fd;kA os jkuh ds

çse ik'k ls eqä gksdj iqu% viuk jkt&dkt lEHkkyus esa yx x,A
fcgkjh ds nksgs dks i<+dj egkjkt t; flag cgqr çHkkfor gq,A os
rqjar ckgj fudydj vk x,A fcgkjh dks blh rjg ds vkSj Hkh ljl nksgs
fy[kus dk vkns'k nsrs gq, egkjkt cksys fd çR;sd nksgs ij
vkidks ,d v'kQÊ fn;k tk,xkA fcgkjh nksgs cukdj egkjkt dks
lqukrs jgs vkSj çfr nksgs ij mUgsa ,d v'kQÊ feyus yxkA bl çdkj
fcgkjh us ^lkr lkS* nksgs fy[ks tks laxzghr gksdj ^fcgkjh lrlbZ*
ds uke ls çfl) gqvkA fcgkjh lrlbZ dks J`axkj] Hkfä vkSj ^uhfr dh
f=os.kh* Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
5
J`axkj&jl ds xzaFkks esa ftruh çfl)h vkSj eku ^fcgkjh lrlbZ* dks
feyh mruk 'kk;n fdlh vU; xzUFk dks ugha feykA jhfrdky ds
ijEijk ds vuqlkj fcgkjhyky us dksbZ y{k.k&xzaFk ugha fy[kk
ysfdu muds nksgksa esa fofHkUu çdkj ds jl] vyadkj vkSj ukf;dk
Hksn ds mngkj.k feyrs gSaA Hkko] vuqHkko vkSj lapkfjHkko
dh vn~Hkqr NVk fcgkjh ds nksgksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA os
fganh lkfgR; esa vius vuqHkko&foèkku ds fy, çfl) FksA ;g
vuqHkko dk ,d mngkj.k gS&

^mu gjdh galh dS brS] bu lkSaih eqLdkbA

uSuk feys eu fey x,] nksm feyor xkb**A

bl nksgs esa dfo ^vuqHkko* Hkko dk o.kZu djrs gq, dgrs gS

fd& —".k jkèkk th ls g¡ldj euk djrs gq, dgrs gSa] rqe ¼jkèkk½
viuh xk;ksa dks esjh xk;ksa esa er feykvks] bèkj jkèkk
eqLdqjkdj viuh xk;ksa dks —".k ds xk;ksa ds lkFk feykrs gq,
dgrh gSa] yks esjh xk;ksa dks eSa rqEgha dks lkSirh gw¡A bl rjg
ls xk;ksa dks feykrs le; nksuksa ¼jkèkk&—".k½ dh vk¡[ksa
feyrs gh nksuksa ds eu Hkh fey x,A

ftl çdkj vuqHkko vkSj gko&foèkku dh ;kstkuk fcgkjh us fd;k

gSA oSlk J`axkj jl dk dksbZ Hkh dfo ugha dj ldk gSA

6
 ^crjl ykyp yky dh] eqjyh èkfj yqdkbA

lkSag djS] HkkSagfu g¡ls] nSu dgS] ufV tkb**AA

bl nksgs esa dfo us xksfi;k¡ vkSj —".k ds chp uksd&>ksad dk

o.kZu djrs gq, dgk gS& Jh —".k ls ckr&phr djus ds ykyp esa]
xksfi;k¡ muds ¼—".k½ ds ck¡lqjh dks Nqik nsrh gSA vkSj os
dle [kkdj] HkkSosa dks fgykdj g¡lrh gS vkSj mUgsa cklqjh nsus
ls euk dj nsrh gSA

fcgkjh us dsoy eqäd&dkO; fy[kk vkSj os lQy jgsA vkpk;Z

jkepUæ 'kqDy ds 'kCnksa esa& ^;fn çcaèkdkO; ,d foLr`r
ouLFkyh gS rks eqäd ,d pquk gqvk xqynLrk gSA** ftl dfo ds
^dYiuk dh lekgkj* 'kfä ds lkFk ^Hkk"kk dh lekgkj* 'kfä ftruh
vfèkd gksxh og mruh gh eqäd dh jpuk djus esa lQy gksxkA ;g
{kerk fcgkjhyky esa iw.kZ :i ls foèkeku FkhA blh ls os vius
nksgs :ih NksVs Nan esa vfèkd ls vfèkd jl Hkj ldrs FksA fcgkjh
ds nksgs jl ds NksVs&NksVs NhVksa ds leku gSaA tSls&

^lrlS;k ds nksgjs] T;ksa ukod ds rhjA

ns[ku esa NksVs yxs] ?kko djs xEHkhj AA**

bl nksgs ds vuqlkj& fcgkjh ^lrlbZ* ds nksgs dk çHkko ^ukod*

ls fudyus okys rhj ;kuh fd dk¡Vsnkj ck.k tSlh vljnkj gS] tks ckgj
7
ls ns[kus esa rks NksVk fn[kkbZ nsrk gS ijUrq blds pksV ds ?
kko cgqr gh xgjs gksrs gSA mlh rjg fcgkjh ds nksgs ns[kus esa
NksVs vkSj ljy yxrs gSa fdUrq blds vFkZ dk Hkko cgqr gh xgjk
gksrk gSA

mUgksaus vius lHkh nksgksa esa ges'kk u, vkSj lqUnj çlaxksa

dh dYiuk djrs gq, mPp oxZ vkSj lkekU; oxZ ds thou dks
mHkkjk gSA fcgkjh dh lEiw.kZ jpuk J`axkj&çèkku gSA ftles
mUgksaus vusd i{kksa dk foLr`r :i ls fp=.k fd;k gS tSls& la;ksx
vkSj fo;ksx nksuksa gh çdkj esa os lQy jgsA fcgkjh fo'ks"k :i ls
la;ksx jl esa lQy jgsA bl nksgs esa mUgksaus u[k&f'k[k o.kZu
dk vnHkqr ç;ksx fd;k gS&

^vfu;kjs nhj?k –xfu] fdrh u r#fu lekuA

og fprou vkSjs dNw] ftfg cl gksr lqtku**AA

fcgkjh ds nksgs esa vfèkdka'k lkSan;Z o.kZu HkkSfrd gSA

FkksM+s nksgs gh uhfr] O;fä vkSj ç—fr lacaèkh gSaA fcgkjh
us lcls vfèkd çèkkurk vkyacu ps"Vkvksa vkSj eqækvksa dks
fn;k gS& ;s vuqHkko ds varxZr vkrs gSa tSls&

^cky dgk ykyh HkbZ] yks;u dks;u ekagA

8
 yky frgkjs –xu dh] ikjh –xu esa NkagAA**

fcgkjh us :i lkSan;Z dk rks o.kZu fd;k gh gS lkFk esa :i lkSan;Z

ls ân; ij iM+us okys çHkko dk Hkh o.kZu fd;k gS ftlls muds
nksgs dh pksV vkSj Hkh vfèkd tksjnkj gks xbZ gS tSls&

^eu ckaèkr csuh caèks] uhy Nchys ckj**

bl nksgs esa dkys ckyksa ds ân; ij iM+us okys çHkko dk o.kZu

gSA fcgkjh dk ç—fr fujh{k.k vR;ar lw{e FkkA mUgksaus
Lora= :i ls Hkh ç—fr dk o.kZu fd;k gS] tks de gksrs gq, Hkh
çHkkoh gSA dYiuk] vuqHkwfr vkSj euksfoKku dh –"Vh ls
fcgkjh ds nksgs mR—"V gSa] lkFk gh mudk dyk i{k Hkh vR;ar
lqUnj gSA fcgkjh ds nksgksa esa lHkh çdkj ds vyadkj çkIr gksrs
gSaA fcgkjh dk vyadkj foèkku muds lw{e fujh{k.k dk ifjp; nsrk
gSA vyadkjksa ds ç;ksx ls mudh jpuk;sa fpr dks iqyfdr dj nsrh
gSaA fcgkjh dk Hkk"kk ij foy{k.k vfèkdkj FkkA fcgkjh dh
Hkk"kk lkekU; gksus ds ckotwn Hkh lkfgfR;d FkhA mudk ,d
'kCn Hkh O;FkZ ugh gksrk Fkk vkSj os FkksM+s ls 'kCnksa esa
gh vfèkd ckrsa dg nsrs FksA mudh Hkk"kk ds fo"k; esa ;g nksgk
çfl) gS&

9
 ^czt Hkk"kk cjuh lcS] dfooj cqf) fo'kkyA

lcdh Hkw"k.k lrlbZ] jph fcgkjh yky**A

fcgkjh ds dbZ nksgksa esa T;ksfr"k] cSí&'kkL=] osnkar&n'kZu

vkSj foKku ds fl)karks dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA T;ksfr"k&Kku dk
ifjp; bl nksgs ls çkIr gksrk gS&

^nqlg nqjkt çtkuh dkS] D;ksa u c<+S nq%[k }U}AA

vfèkd vaèksjks tx djr] feyh ekol jfo pUn**AA

ftl çdkj veko';k ds fnu jfo vkSj paæek ,d gh fn'kk esa vkdj lalkj
esa vaèkdkj iSnk dj nsrs gSa] mlh çdkj nks jktkvksa ds jkT; esa
çtk dk d"V c<+ tkrk gSA fcgkjh dh Hkk"kk lkfgfR;d czt Hkk"kk
FkhA fcgkjh dk 'kCn p;u cM+k gh lqUnj vkSj lkFkZd FkkA
mUgksaus viuh Hkk"kk esa eqgkojksa dk Hkh lqUnj ç;ksx fd;k
gSA tSls&

^ewM p<+k,sÅ jgS Qj;kS ihBh dp&Hkk:A

jgS fxjS ifj] jkf[kckS rÅ fg;Sa ij gk:AA**

jhfrdky ds dfo jktuhfr esa Hkh :fp j[krs FksA ge ;gk¡ fcgkjh ds
fo"k; esa dg ldrs gSa fd os ,d fgEerh LoHkko ds dfo FksA rHkh
10
rks mUgksaus dfork ds ekè;e ls igyh ckj esa gh jktk dks foykl
Hkou ls fudkydj deZ {ks= esa ykus dk lkgl fd;kA ,d ckj jktk
t;flag eqxyksa dk i{k ysdj ejkBksa ds fo#) yM+us dk fcpkj dj jgs
FksA mlh le; fcgkjh yky us vius ,d nksgs ds }kjk mudk iFk
çn'kZu fd;kA og nksgk Fkk&

^LokjFk lq—r u Je o`Fkk] ns[kq fcgax fopkfjA

ckt ijk;s ikfu ij] rw iaNhuq u efj**AA

fcgkjh dk ;g nksgk O;FkZ ugha gqvkA mlds ckn ls egkjkt t;flag

dk #[k f'kokth ds çfr ifjofrZr gks x;kA muds gh ç;kl ls f'kokth
vkSj vkSjaxtsc esa lafèk gqbZA dYiuk dh lekgkj 'kfä vkSj
Hkk"kk dh lekl 'kfä ds dkj.k lrlbZ ds nksgs ^xkxj esa lkxj*
Hkjus tSlk gSA bl çdkj lHkh –f"V;ksa ls ns[kk tk, rks fcgkjh dk
dfoRo vkSj O;fäRo vR;ar mPpdksfV dk –f"Vxkspj gksrk gSA
vius dkO; xq.kksa ds dkj.k gh fcgkjh egkdkO; dh jpuk ugha djus
ds ckotwn Hkh egkdfo;ksa dh Js.kh esa fxus tkrs gSaA fu%lansg
fcgkjh jhfrdky ds mR—"V dfo FksA ftudh rqyuk fdlh ls ugha dh
tk ldrh gSA

fgUnh lrlbZ ijaijk

11
eqäd dkO; dh ,d fof'k"V foèkk gSA blds varxZr dfox.k lkr lkS ;k
lkr lkS ls vfèkd nksgs fy[kdj ,d xzaFk ds :i esa ladfyr djrs gSaA
^lrlbZ** 'kCn ^lr** vkSj ^lbZ** ls cuk gS] ^lr** dk vFkZ lkr
vkSj lbZ dk vFkZ ^lkS** gSA bl çdkj lrlbZ dkO; og dkO; gS
ftlesa lkr lkS Nan gksrs gSa

fo'ks"krk,¡

¼1½ lrlb;ksa esa lkr lkS ;k lkr lkS ls dqN vfèkd Nan gksrs gSaA

¼2½ lrlb;ksa esa çeq[k :i ls ^nksgk** Nan dk ç;ksx gksrk

gS( ^nksgk** ds lkFk ^lksjBk** vkSj ^cjoS** Nan dk ç;ksx
Hkh lrlbZdkj chp chp esa dj nsrs gSaA

¼3½ lrlb;ksa] esa çeq[k :i ls 'k`axkj jl dh çèkkurk gSA 'k`axkj ds

vfrfjä uhfr rFkk Hkfä] oSjkX; dks Hkh lrlbZdkjksa us fy;k gSA
fcgkjh lrlbZ 'k`axkj çèkku jpuk gS] o`an lrlbZ uhfrijd dkO; gS
rFkk rqylh lrlbZ esa Hkfä] Kku] deZ vkSj oSjkX; ds nksgs
gSaA lrlbZdkjksa us viuh lrlbZ;ksa esa çk;: bu lHkh fo"k;ksa ds
nksgs dgs gSaA 'k`axkj çèkku lrlbZ;ksa esa 'k`axkj ds lkFk uhfr
rFkk Hkfä vkSj oSjkX; ds nksgs Hkh feyrs gSa] tSls fcgkjh
lrlbZ vkSj efrjke lrlbZ esaA c`an lrlbZ iw.kZr: uhfr lrlbZ gS
rFkk rqylh lrlbZ esa Hkfä r;k oSjkX; ds nksgksa ds lkFk uhfr ds

12
nksgksa dh Hkh çèkkurk gSA eq[; :i ls 'k`axkj vkSj uhfr bu
nksuksa dh çèkkurk lrlb;ksa esa ns[kus dks feyrh gSA

'k`axkj esa Hkh vkèkqfud lrlb;k¡ fy[kh xbZ ftuesa ;fn ,d vksj
'k`axkj vkSj uhfr dh çèkkurk gS rks nwljh vksj ^ohjjl rFkk d#.kjl
ds u, fo"k;ksa dks Hkh lrlbZdkjksa us fy[kk gSA lw;ZeYy feJ.k
dh ^ohj lrlbZ** rFkk fo;ksxh gfj dh ohj lrlbZ esa jk"Vªh;rk dks
txkus ds fy, ohjksfpr mfä;k¡ dgh xbZ gSa vkSj ns'k dh nqnZ'kk ij
mUgksaus d#.kk ls ;qä nksgs dgs gSaA lrlbZ oLrqr: eqäd dkO;
dh ,d fof'k"V ijaijk gSA

çeq[k lrlbZ xzUFk

xkFkk lIr'krh ¼gky] çk—r Hkk"kk esa jfpr] 'k`axkj &fp=.k]

ukf;dk ds vax&çR;axksa dk lw{ekfr{e o.kZu] vkpk;Z gt+kjh
çlkn f}osnh xkFkklIr'krh dks bl ijEijk dk lcls çkphu xzaFk ekurs
gSaA½

vk;kZ lIr'krh ¼xksoèkZukpk;Z] laL—r esa jfpr] gky dh

xkFkklIr'krh ds vkèkkj ij] 12oha 'krh esa jfpr] la;ksx vkSj fo;ksx
i{k dk lqUnj fp=.k½

ve:d 'krd ¼jktk ve:d] laL—r esa jfpr 'k`axkj jl ds euksgkjh 'yksd]
la;ksx vkSj fo;ksx i{k dk fp=.k½

13
fgrrjafx.kh ¼1541 bZ-] —ikjke] fganh lrlbZ ijEijk dh çFke —
fr½

rqylh lrlbZ ¼1585 bZ-] rqylhnkl] 747 nksgs½

jghe lrlbZ vFkoh nksgkoyh ¼jghe] uhfr vkSj Hkfäijd nksgs½

nqxkZ lIr'krh dk fganh vuqokn ¼v{kj vuU;½

vehj lrlbZ ¼1832 bZ-] vehjnkl] 701 'k`axkj ijd nksgs] 'k`axkj jl
ds vkyEcu Jh—".k vkSj jkèkk½

nqxkZ Hkfäpafædk ¼dqyifr feJ½

fcgkjh lrlbZ ¼1662 bZ-] fcgkjhyky] 713 nksgs½

efrjke lrlbZ ¼1681 bZ-] efrjke] 703 nksgs] 626 nksgs 'k`axkj
ijd] 22 Hkfäijd] 15 uhfrijd] 40 vU;½

o`an fouksn lrlbZ ¼o`an½

çeq[k lrlbZ xzUFk

o`an lrlbZ ¼o`an] 1704 bZ-] uhfr lrlbZ] eq[; :i ls uhfr vkSj
lnkpkj ds nksgs½

;ed lrlbZ ¼1706 bZ-] o`an½

Hkwifr lrlbZ ¼1734 bZ-] Hkwifr] 'k`axkfjd nksgs½

14
panu lrlbZ ¼panu½

jke lrlbZ vFkok 'k`axkj lrlbZ ¼jkelgk; nkl] 724 'k`axkjijd nksgs]
la;ksx vkSj fo;ksx i{k dk o.kZu½

foØe lrlbZ ¼foØekfnR;] 742 nksgs ftuesa 573 'k`axkfjd nksgs½

jlfufèk lrlbZ ¼jlfufèk½

ohj lrlbZ ¼lw;Zey feJ.k] ohj jl ds dfo lw;ZeYy feJ.k ds

nksgk&laxzg esa 1857 dh Økafr ls lEcafèkr nksgs gSa] ftlesa
jktLFkku dh ohjkaxuk {k=k.kh] ;ks)kvksa dh euksn'kk dk o.kZu
gSA½
ohj lIr'krh ¼lw;ZeYy feJ.k½
cztfoykl lrlbZ ¼1832 bZ-] vehjnkl½
vkuan çdk'k lrlbZ ¼nyflag½
lrlS;k jkek;.k ¼dhjr flag½
clar lrlbZ ¼clar flag ^_rqjkt*½
ohj lrlbZ ¼1927 bZ-] fo;ksxh gfj] czt Hkk"kk esa½
Lons'k lrlbZ ¼1930 bZ-] cztHkk"kk esa] egs'kpaæ çlkn½
d#.k lrlbZ ¼1930 bZ-] jkesÜoj d#.k ½
gfjvkSèk lrlbZ ¼1940 bZ-] v;ksè;kflag mikè;k; gfjvkSèk½
Kku lrlbZ ¼jktsaæ 'kekZ½

15
czt lrlbZ ¼1937 bZ-]jkepfjr mikè;k;½
ve`r lrlbZ ¼ve`ryky prqoZsnh½

16
 f}rh; v/;k;

fcgkjh th dk O;fDrRo ,oa d`frRo

fcgkjhyky dk tUe ¼1603½ laor~ 1660 Xokfy;j esa gqvkA os

tkfr ds ekFkqj pkScs ¼prqoZsnh½ FksA muds firk dk uke
ds'kojk; FkkA tc fcgkjh 8 o"kZ ds Fks rc buds firk bUgs vksjNk
ys vk;s rFkk mudk cpiu cqansy[kaM esa chrkA buds xq#
ujgfjnkl Fks vkSj ;qokoLFkk llqjky eFkqjk esa O;rhr gqbZ] tSls
dh fuEu nksgs ls çdV gS A

tUe Xokfy;j tkfu;s [kaM cqansys ckyA

r#ukbZ vkbZ lq?kj eFkqjk cfl llqjky॥

t;iqj&ujs'k fet+kZ jktk t;flag viuh u;h jkuh ds çse esa brus Mwcs
jgrs Fks fd os egy ls ckgj Hkh ugha fudyrs Fks vkSj jkt&dkt dh
vksj dksbZ è;ku ugha nsrs FksA ea=h vkfn yksx blls cM+s
fpafrr Fks] fdarq jktk ls dqN dgus dks 'kfä fdlh esa u FkhA
fcgkjh us ;g dk;Z vius Åij fy;kA mUgksaus fuEufyf[kr nksgk
fdlh çdkj jktk ds ikl igqapk;k &

ufga ijkx ufga eèkqj eèkq] ufga fodkl ;fg dkyA

17
 vyh dyh gh lkSa caè;ks] vkxs dkSu goky॥

bl nksgs us jktk ij ea= tSlk dk;Z fd;kA os jkuh ds çse&ik'k ls eqä

gksdj iqu% viuk jkt&dkt laHkkyus yxsA os fcgkjh dh dkO;
dq'kyrk ls brus çHkkfor gq, fd mUgksaus fcgkjh ls vkSj Hkh
nksgs jpus ds fy, dgk vkSj çfr nksgs ij ,d Lo.kZ eqæk nsus dk
opu fn;kA fcgkjh t;iqj ujs'k ds njckj esa jgdj dkO;&jpuk djus
yxs] ogka mUgsa i;kZIr èku vkSj ;'k feykA

fcgkjh dh ,dek= jpuk lrlbZ ¼lIr'krh½ gSA ;g eqäd dkO; gSA

blesa 719 nksgs ladfyr gSaA dfri; nksgs lafnXèk Hkh ekus tkrs
gSaA lHkh nksgs lqanj vkSj ljkguh; gSa rFkkfi rfud fopkjiwoZd
ckjhdh ls ns[kus ij yxHkx 200 nksgs vfr mR—"V Bgjrs gSaA
lrlbZ esa cztHkk"kk dk ç;ksx gqvk gSA cztHkk"kk gh ml le;
mÙkj Hkkjr dh ,d loZekU; rFkk loZ&dfo&lEekfur xzká
dkO;Hkk"kk ds :i esa çfrf"Br FkhA bldk çpkj vkSj çlkj bruk gks
pqdk Fkk fd blesa vusd:irk dk vk tkuk lgt laHko FkkA fcgkjh us
bls ,d:irk ds lkFk j[kus dk LrqR; lQy ç;kl fd;k vkSj bls fuf'pr
lkfgfR;d :i esa j[k fn;kA blls cztHkk"kk e¡tdj fu[kj mBhA

lrlbZ dks rhu eq[; Hkkxksa esa foHkä dj ldrs gSa& uhfr fo"k;d]
Hkfä vkSj vè;kRe Hkkoijd] rFkk J`axkjijdA buesa ls J`axkjkRed

18
Hkkx vfèkd gSA dyk&peRdkj loZ= pkrq;Z ds lkFk çkIr gksrk
gSA

J`axkjkRed Hkkx esa :ikax lkSan;Z] lkSan;kZsidj.k]

uk;d&ukf;dkHksn rFkk gko] Hkko] foykl dk dFku fd;k x;k gSA
uk;d&ukf;dk fu:i.k Hkh eq[r: rhu :iksa esa feyrk gS& çFke :i esa
uk;d —".k vkSj ukf;dk jkèkk gSA budk fp=.k djrs gq, èkkfeZd
vkSj nk'kZfud fopkj dks è;ku esa j[kk x;k gSA blfy, blesa
xw<+kFkZ O;atuk çèkku gS] vkSj vkè;kfRed jgL; rFkk
èkeZ&eeZ fufgr gS( f}rh; :i esa jkèkk vkSj —".k dk Li"V
mYys[k ugha fd;k x;k fdarq muds vkHkkl dh çnhfIr nh xbZ gS
vkSj dYiukn'kZ :i jkSfp;Z jpdj vkn'kZ fp= fofp= O;atuk ds lkFk
çLrqr fd, x, gSaA blls blesa ykSfdd okluk dk foykl ugha feyrkA
r`rh; :i esa yksdlaHko uk;d ukf;dk dk Li"V fp= gSA blesa Hkh
dYiuk dyk dkS'ky vkSj dfo ijaijkxr vkn'kksZa dk iqV iw.kZ :i
esa çkIr gksrk gSA furkar ykSfdd :i cgqr gh U;wu vkSj cgqr gh
de gSA

lrlbZ ds eqäd nksgksa dks Øec) djus ds ç;kl fd, x, gSaA 25 çdkj
ds Øe dgs tkrs gSa ftuesa ls 14 çdkj ds Øe ns[ks x, gSa] 'ks"k 11
çdkj ds Øe ftu Vhdkvksa esa gSa] os çkIr ughaA fdarq dksbZ
fuf'pr Øe ugha fn;k tk ldkA oLrqr: ckr ;g tku iM+rh gS fd ;s

19
nksgs le;&le; ij eqäd :i esa gh jps x,] fQj pqu pqudj ,df=r dj
ladfyr dj fn, x,A dsoy eaxykpj.kkRed nksgksa ds fo"k; esa Hkh
blh ls fopkj oSfpR; gSA ;fn esjh Hko ckèkk gjkS' bl nksgs dks
çFke eaxykpj.kkRed vFkkZr~ dsoy jkèkksikld gksus dk fopkj
Li"V gksrk gS vkSj ;fn 'eksj eqdqV dfV dkfNfu&bl nksgs dks
ysa] rks dsoy ,d fo'ks"k ckudokyh —".kewfrZ gh fcgkjh dh
vHkh"VksikL; ewfrZ eq[; Bgjrh gSa & fcgkjh oLrqr —".kksikld
Fks] ;g Li"V gSA

lrlbZ ds ns[kus ls Li"V gksrk gS fd fcgkjh ds fy, dkO; esa jl vkSj

vyadkj pkrq;Z peRdkj rFkk dFku dkS'ky nksuksa gh vfuok;Z
vkSj vko';d gSaA muds nksgksa dks nks oxksZa esa bl çdkj Hkh
j[k ldrs gSa] ,d oxZ esa os nksgs vk,¡xsa ftuesa jl jkSfp;Z dk
çkcY; gS vkSj jlkRedrk dk gh fo'ks"k è;ku j[kk x;k gSA vyadkj
peRdkj buesa Hkh gS fdarq fo'ks"k çèkku ugha] oju~ jl
ifjiks"kdrk vkSj HkkoksRd"kZdrk ds fy, gh lgk;d :i esa ;g gSA

nwljs oxZ esa os nksgs gSa ftuesa jlkRedrk dks fo'ks"krk ugha
nh xbZ oju~ vyadkj peRdkj vkSj opupkrqjh vFkok
dFku&dykdkS'ky dks gh çèkkurk nh xbZ gSA fdlh fo'ks"k
vyadkj dks mfäoSfp«; ds lkFk lQyrk ls fuckgk x;k gSA bl çdkj
ns[krs gq, Hkh ;g ekuuk iM+rk gS fd vyadkj peRdkj dks dgha

20
furkar Hkqyk;k Hkh ugha x;kA jl dks mRd"kZ nsrs gq, Hkh
vyadkj dkS'ky dk vid"kZ Hkh ugha gksus fn;k x;kA bl çdkj
dguk pkfg, fd fcgkjh jlkyadkjfl) dfo Fks( jlfl) gh ughaA

uhfr fo"k;d nksgksa esa oLrqr: ljlrk j[kuk dfBu gksrk gS] muesa
mfävkSfpR; vkSj opuoØrk ds lkFk pk# pkrq;Z peRdkj gh
çHkkoksRiknd vkSj è;kukd"kZ.k esa lgk;d gksrk gSA ;g ckr
uhfrijd nksgksa esa Li"V :i ls feyrh gSA fQj Hkh fcgkjh us
buesa ljlrk dk ljkguh; ç;kl fd;k gSA

,slh gh ckr nk'kZfud fl)karksa vkSj èkkfeZd Hkko eeksZa ds

Hkh çLrqr djus esa vkrh gS D;ksafd muesa viuh fojlrk LoHkkor:
jgrh gSA fQj Hkh fcgkjh us mUgsa ljlrk ds lkFk çLrqr djus esa
lQyrk ikbZ gSA

Hkfä ds gkfnZd Hkko cgqr gh de nksgksa esa fn[kkbZ iM+rs

gSaA le;koLFkk fo'ks"k esa fcgkjh ds Hkkoqd ân; esa
HkfäHkkouk dk mn; gqvk vkSj mldh vfHkO;fä Hkh gqbZA
fcgkjh esa nSU; Hkko dk çkèkkU; ugha] os çHkq çkFkZuk djrs
gSa] fdarq vfr ghu gksdj ughaA çHkq dh bPNk dks gh eq[;
ekudj fou; djrs gSaA

21
fcgkjh us vius iwoZorÊ fl) dfoojksa dh eqäd jpukvksa] tSls
vk;kZlIr'krh] xkFkklIr'krh] ve#d'krd vkfn ls ewyHkko fy, gSa&
dgha mu Hkkoksa dks dkV Nk¡Vdj lqanj :i fn;k gS] dgha dqN
mUur fd;k gS vkSj dgha T;ksa dk R;ksa gh lk j[kk gSA
lkSan;Z ;g gS fd nh?kZ Hkkoksa dks laf{kIr :i esa jE;rk ds lkFk
viuh Nki NksM+rs gq, j[kus dk lQy ç;kl fd;k x;k gSA

lrlbZ ij vusd dfo;ksa vkSj ys[kdksa us Vhdk,¡ fy[khaA dqy 54

Vhdk,¡ eq[; :i ls çkIr gqbZ gSaA jRukdj th dh fcgkjh jRukdj
uked ,d vafre Vhdk gS] ;g lokZax lqanj gSA lrlbZ ds vuqokn
Hkh laL—r] mnZw ¼Qkjlh½ vkfn esa gq, gSa vkSj dfri; dfo;ksa
us lrlbZ ds nksgksa dks Li"V djrs gq, dqaMfy;k vkfn Nanksa
ds }kjk fof'k"Vh—r fd;k gSA vU; iwokZijorÊ dfo;ksa ds lkFk
HkkolkE; Hkh çdV fd;k x;k gSA dqN Vhdk,¡ Qkjlh vkSj laL—r
esa fy[kh xbZa gSaA Vhdkdkjksa us lrlbZ esa nksgksa ds Øe
Hkh vius vius fopkj ls j[ks gSaA lkFk gh nksgksa dh la[;k Hkh
U;wukfèkd nh gSA ;g furkar fuf'pr ugha fd dqy fdrus nksgs jps
x, FksA laHko gS] tks lrlbZ esa vk, os pqudj vk, dqy nksgs 700
ls dgha vfèkd jps x, gksaxsA lkjs thou esa fcgkjh us brus gh
nksgs jps gksa] ;g loZFkk ekU; ugha BgjrkA

22
lrlbZ ij dfri; vkykspdksa us viuh vkykspuk,¡ fy[kh gSaA jhfr
dkO; ls gh bldh vkykspuk pyrh vk jgh gSA çFke dfo;ksa us lrlbZ
dh ekfeZd fo'ks"krk dks lkadsfrd :i ls lwfpr djrs gq, nksgs vkSj
Nan fy[ksA mnZw ds 'kk;jksa us Hkh blh çdkj fd;kA ;Fkk

lrlb;k ds nksgjs] T;ksa ukod ds rhjA

ns[kr eSa NksVs yxSa] ?kko djSa xaHkhj॥

fcgkjh dh cykxr vkSj cztHkk"kk dh 'khjhuh gesa rkjhQ+ djus ds

fy, etcwj djrh gS॥

bl çdkj dh fdruh gh mfä;k¡ çpfyr gSaA foLr`r :i esa lrlbZ ij

vkykspukRed iqLrdsa Hkh bèkj dbZ fy[kh xbZ gSaA lkFk gh
vkèkqfud dky esa bldh dbZ Vhdk,¡ Hkh çdkf'kr gqbZ gSaA
budh rqyuk fo'ks'k :i ls dfooj nso ls dh xbZ vkSj ,d vksj nso dks]
nwljh vksj fcgkjh dks c<+dj fl) djus dk ç;Ru fd;k x;kA nks
iqLrdsa] 'nso vkSj fcgkjh' ia- —".kfcgkjh feJ fyf[kr rFkk 'fcgkjh
vkSj nso' ykyk Hkxokunhu fyf[kr mYys[kuh; gSaA jRukdj th ds
}kjk laikfnr 'fcgkjh jRukdj' uked Vhdk vkSj 'dfooj fcgkjh' uked
vkykspukRed foospu fo'ks"k :i esa voyksduh; vkSj çkekf.kd
gSaA

23
fcgkjh dh dfork dk eq[; fo"k; J`axkj gSA mUgksaus J`axkj ds
la;ksx vkSj fo;ksx nksuksa gh i{kksa dk o.kZu fd;k gSA la;ksx
i{k esa fcgkjh us gkoHkko vkSj vuqHkoksa dk cM+k gh lw{e
fp=.k fd;k gSaA mlesa cM+h ekfeZdrk gSA la;ksx dk ,d
mnkgj.k nsf[k, &

crjl ykyp yky dh eqjyh èkjh yqdk;A

lksg djs] HkkSaguq gals nSu dgs] ufV tk;॥

fcgkjh dk fo;ksx o.kZu cM+k vfr'k;ksfä iw.kZ gSA ;gh dkj.k gS

fd mlesa LokHkkfodrk ugha gS] fojg esa O;kdqy ukf;dk dh
nqcZyrk dk fp=.k djrs gq, mls ?kM+h ds isaMqye tSlk cuk fn;k
x;k gS &

bfr vkor pyh tkr mr] pyh] Nlkrd gkFkA

p<h fgaMksjs lh jgs] yxh mlkluq lkFk॥

lwQh dfo;ksa dh vgkRed i)fr dk Hkh fcgkjh ij i;kZIr çHkko

iM+k gSA fo;ksx dh vkx ls ukf;dk dk 'kjhj bruk xeZ gS fd ml ij
Mkyk x;k xqykc ty chp esa gh lw[k tkrk gS &

24
 vkSaèkkbZ lhlh lqyf[k] fcjg foFkk foylkrA

chpfga lwf[k xqykc xks] NhVksa Nq;ks u xkr॥

Hkfä&Hkkouk

fcgkjh ewyr% J`axkjh dfo gSaA mudh Hkfä&Hkkouk jkèkk&

—".k ds çfr gS vkSj og tgka rgka gh çdV gqbZ gSA lrlbZ ds
vkjaHk esa eaxyk&pj.k dk ;g nksgk jkèkk ds çfr muds
Hkfä&Hkko dk gh ifjpk;d gS &

esjh Hko ckèkk gjks] jkèkk ukxfj lks;A

tk ru dh >kbZ ijs] L;ke gfjr nqfr gks;॥

fcgkjh us uhfr vkSj Kku ds Hkh nksgs fy[ks gSa] fdarq mudh
la[;k cgqr FkksM+h gSA èku&laxzg ds lacaèk esa ,d nksgk
nsf[k, &

efr u uhfr xyhr ;g] tks èku èkfj;s tksjA

[kk;s [kpZs tks cps rks tksfj;s djksj॥

25
ç—fr&fp=.k

ç—fr&fp=.k esa fcgkjh fdlh ls ihNs ugha jgs gSaA "kV

ॠ rqvksa dk mUgksaus cM+k gh lqanj o.kZu fd;k gSA xzh"e

ॠ rq dk fp= nsf[k, &

dgykus ,dr clr vfg e;wj e`x ck?kA

txr riksrou lks fd;ks] nkfjx+ nk?k funk?k॥

fcgfj xko okyks fd vjflä dk migkl djrs gq, dgrs gSa&

dj Qqysy dks vkpeu ehBks dgr ljkfgA

js xaèkh efrvaèk rw b= fn[kkor dkfg॥

fcgkjh dks T;ksfr"k] oS|d] xf.kr] foKku vkfn fofoèk fo"k;ksa dk

cM+k Kku FkkA vr% mUgksaus vius nksgksa esa mldk [kwc
mi;ksx fd;k gSA xf.kr lacaèkh rF; ls ifjiw.kZ ;g nksgk nsf[k, &

dgr loS osnha fn;s vkaxq nl xquks gksrqA

fr; fyykj csanh fn;Sa vfxurq c<r mnksrq॥

26
Hkk"kk

fcgkjh dh Hkk"kk lkfgfR;d Hkk"kk czt Hkk"kk gSA blesa lwj

dh pyrh czt Hkk"kk dk fodflr :i feyrk gSA iwoÊ fganh]
cqansy[kaMh] mnZw] Q+kjlS vkfn ds 'kCn Hkh mlesa vk, gSa]
fdarq os yVdrs ugha gSaA fcgkjh dk 'kCn p;u cM+k lqanj vkSj
lkFkZd gSA 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx Hkkoksa ds vuqdwy gh gqvk gS
vkSj muesa ,d Hkh 'kCn Hkkjrh dk çrhr ugha gksrkA fcgkjh us
viuh Hkk"kk esa dgha&dgha eqgkojksa dk Hkh lqanj ç;ksx fd;k
gSA tSls &

ewM p<k,sÅ jgS Qj;kS ihfB dp&Hkk#@

jgS fxjSa ifj] jkf[kckS rÅ fg;Sa ij gk#॥

'kSyh

fo"k; ds vuqlkj fcgkjh dh 'kSyh rhu çdkj dh gS

1 & ekèkq;Z iw.kZ O;atuk çèkku'kSyh & fo;ksx ds nksgksa

esaA

2 & çlknxq.k ls ;qä ljl 'kSyh & Hkfä rFkk uhfr ds nksgksa esaA
3 & peRdkj iw.kZ 'kSyh & n'kZu] T;ksfr"k] xf.kr vkfn fo"k;d
nksgksa esaA

27
fcgkjhyky dk fo;ksx] o.kZu cM+k vfr'k;ksfä iw.kZ gSA ;gh
dkj.k gS fd mlesa LokHkkfodrk ugha gS] fojg esa O;kdqy
ukf;dk dh nqcZyrk dk fp=.k djrs gq, mls ?kM+h ds isaMqye tSlk
cuk fn;k x;k gS&

bfr vkor pyh tkr mr] pyh] Nglkrd gkFk A

p<+h fgaMksjs lh jgs] yxh mlkluq lkFk AA

lwQh dfo;ksa dh vgkRed i)fr dk Hkh fcgkjhyky ij i;kZIr çHkko

iM+k gSA fo;ksx dh vkx ls ukf;dk dk 'kjhj bruk xeZ gS fd ml ij
Mkyk x;k xqykc ty chp esa gh lw[k tkrk gS&

vkSaèkkbZ lhlh lqyf[k] fcjg foFkk foylkr A

chpfga lwf[k xqykc xks] NhVksa Nq;ks u xkr AA

jhfrdkyhu dfo;ksa esa egk dfo fcgkjh dh x.kuk vius dky ds

çfrfufèk dfo ds :i esa dh tkrh gSA fcgkjh us 700 ls vfèkd
nksgksa dh jpuk dh gSA buds nksgs fofHkUu fo"k; ,oa Hkkoksa
ls ;qä gSaA bUgksaus ,d&,d nksgs esa fofHkUu xgu Hkkoksa
dks Hkjdj vyadkj] ukf;dk&Hksn] Hkko] foHkko] vuqHkko]
lapkjh Hkko vkfn jl ,oa vyadkj lacaèkh tks mR—"V vfHkO;fä
dh gS] og vn~Hkqr gSA blls Hkh foy{k.k ,oa vn~Hkqr ;g gS fd

28
'kkL=h; fu;eksa dk iw.kZ ikyu djrs gq, Hkh buds nksgksa dh
HkkokuqHkwfr lacaèkh rhozrk vR;ar l'kä gSA

fcgkjh ds Jaxkj lacaèkh nksgs viuh lQy HkkokfHkO;fä ds fy,

fof'k"V le>s tkrs gSaA blesa la;ksx ,oa fo;ksx J`axkj ds
eeZLi'kÊ fp= feyrs gSaA buesa vkyacu ds fo'kn o.kZu ds
lkFk&2 míhiu ds Hkh fp= gSaA Jaxkj ds vfrfjä fcgkjh us uhfr]
Hkfä] T;ksfr"k] xf.kr] vk;qoZsn rFkk bfrgkl vkfn fo"k;ksa ij
Hkh nksgksa dh jpuk dh gS] tks Jaxkj ds nksgksa dh Hkkafr gh
l'kä HkkokfHkO;fä ls iw.kZ gSaA fcgkjh ds nksgksa dk vè;;u
djus ds i'pkr ikBd budh cgqeq[kh çfrHkk ij vk'p;Zpfdr gq, fcuk
ugha jgrsA

la{ksi esa fcgkjh dk dkO; budh dkO;kRed çfrHkk ds ,sls foy{k.k

,oa vn~Hkqr Lo:i dks çLrqr djrk gS] tks fganh dkO;&txr ds
fo[;kr dfo;ksa ds fy, Hkh foLe;iw.kZ jgk gSA

—fr;ka

fcgkjh lrlbZ eqäd 'kSyh esa jfpr fcgkjh th dh ,dek= —fr gS]
ftlesa 723 nksgs gSaA fcgkjh lrlbZ dks 'xkxj esa lkxj' dh laKk
nh tkrh gSA oSls rks fcgkjh th us jpuk,a cgqr de fy[kh gSa] fQj

29
Hkh foy{k.k çfrHkk ds dkj.k bUgsa egkdfo ds in ij çfrf"Br fd;k
x;k gSA

dfooj fcgkjh dh ek= ,d —fr 'fcgkjh lrlbZ' miyCèk gSA ;g fcgkjh

jfpr 700 nksgksa dk ladyu gSA bl —fr us gh fcgkjh dks
fganh&dkO;&lkfgR; esa vej dj fn;k gSA

Hkko i{k

fcgkjh xkxj esa lkxj Hkjus ds fy, fo[;kr gSaA xkxj esa lkxj dk
vfHkçk; gS fd de&ls&de 'kCnksa&esa&vfèkd ls vfèkd ckr dg
nh tk,A okLro esa fcgkjh esa 'nksgk' tSls NksVs Nan esa ,d lkFk
fofoèk Hkko Hkj fn, gSaA ;Fkk &

–x mj>r VwVr dqVqe] tqjr prqj&fpr çhfrA

ijfr xkafB nqjtu fg;Sa] nbZ ubZ ;g jhfrAA

Jaxkfjd dfo gksus ij Hkh fcgkjh us Hkfä vkSj uhfr lacaèkh vusd
nksgksa dh jpuk dh gSA bUgksaus jkèkk ,oa Jh —".k dh Lrqfr ij
vkèkkfjr vusd nksgs çLrqr fd, gSaA Jh —".k dks fn, x, mykgus
vkSj muds çfr fd, x, O;ax esa mudk dkS'ky n'kZuh; gS&

dc dkS Vsjrq nhu gS] gksr u L;ke lgkbA

rqegwa ykfx txrxq#] txukbd tx&ckbZAA

30
fcgkjh us cká vkMacjksa] ti] Nkik] fryd vkfn dk dchj ds leku gh
fojksèk fd;k gS vkSj Jh—".k dh Hkfä esa yhu gksus dk lans'k
fn;k gSA uhfr lacaèkh nksgksa esa Hkh fcgkjh dh lw{e æf"V
æ"VO; gSA

fcgkjh J`axkj jl ds vf)rh; dfo gSaA bUgksaus dgha jkèkk —".k

ds lkSan;Z dk fp=.k fd;k gS rks dgha uk;d&ukf;dk ds feyu
lacaèkh çlaxks] ukf;dk ds vaxksa] fofoèk eqækvksa vkSj fofoèk
gko&Hkkoksa dk vuqie <ax ls fp=.k fd;k gSA u[k&f'k[k&o.kZu
dh ijaijk dk ikyu djrs gq, fcgkjh us ,sls jliw.kZ nksgs fy[ks gSa]
tks bUgsa Js"B Jaxkjh dfo fl) djrs gSaA ;Fkk &

dgr]uVr]jh>r]f[k>r]feyr]f[kyr] yft;krA

Hkjs HkkSu esa djr gSa]uSuuq gh lkSa ckrAA

¼c½ dyk i{k

Hkk"kk & fcgkjh dh Hkk"kk cM+h gh çkS<+] çkaty] ifj"—r ,oa

ifjekftZr cztHkk"kk gSA 'kCn&xBu ,oa okD; foU;kl lqO;ofLFkr
gSA budh Hkk"kk esa iwoÊ ,oa cqansy[kaMh ds çHkko ds
lkFk&lkFk vjch] Qkjlh ds 'kCnksa ds ç;ksx Hkh feyrs gSaA
bUgksaus Hkk"kk dks vfèkd laçs"k.kh; ,oa çHkkoh cukus ds fy,
yksdksfä;ksa ,oa eqgkojksa dk Hkh ç;ksx fd;k gSA lekl 'kfä

31
ls ;qä budh Hkk"kk esa 'kCnksa dk p;u lekU;r: ekèkq;Z xq.k ds
vuqdwy gSA

'kSyh & fcgkjh us eqäd dkO;&'kSyh dks Lohdkj fd;k gS] ftlesa
lekl&'kSyh dk vuwBk ;ksxnku gSA blhfy, 'nksgk' tSls NksVs
Nan esa Hkh mUgksaus vusd Hkkoksa dks Hkj fn;k gSA fcgkjh
dks nksgk Nan lokZfèkd fç; gSA budk laiw.kZ dkO; blh Nan esa
jpk x;k gSA vyadkjksa ds ç;ksx esa fcgkjh n{k FksA bUgksaus
NksVs&NksVs nksgksa esa vusd vyadkjksa dks Hkj fn;k gSA
buds dkO; esa 'ys"k] miek] :id] mRçs{kk] vU;ksfä vkSj
vfr'k;ksfä vyadkjksa dk vfèkd ç;ksx gqvk gSA

fganh lkfgR; esa LFkku

jhfrdkyhu dfo fcgkjh vius <ax ds vf}rh; dfo gSaA rRdkyhu

ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls çsfjr gksdj mUgksaus ftl lkfgR; dk l`tu fd;k] og
fganh lkfgR; dh vewY; fufèk gSA lkSan;Z çse ds fp=.k esa]
Hkfä ,oa uhfr ds leUo; esa] T;ksfr"k&xf.kr&n'kZu ds fu:i.k esa
rFkk Hkk"kk ds y{kf.kd ,oa eèkqj O;atd ç;ksx dh –f"V ls fcgkjh
cstksM+ gSaA Hkko vkSj f'kYi nksuksa –f"V;ksa ls budk dkO;
Js"B gSA

32
fcgkjh ds nksgs jl ds lkxj gSa] dYiuk ds baæèkuq"k gS o
Hkk"kk ds es?k gSaA ;s fganh lkfgR; dh egku foHkwfr gSa]
ftUgksaus viuh ,dek= jpuk ds vkèkkj ij fganh lkfgR; txr esa viuh
vfeV Nki NksM+h gSA

dbZ dfo;ksa us buds nksgksa ij vkèkkfjr vU; Nanksa dh jpuk dh

gSA buds nksgs lhèks ân; ij çgkj djrs gSaA buds nksgksa ds
fo"k; esa fuEufyf[kr mfä çfl) gS&

lrlS;k ds nksgjs] T;ksa ukod ds rhjA

ns[ku esa NksVs yxS] ?kko djSa xaHkhjAA

iqLrdsa

fcgkjh lrlbZ

fcgkjh ds nksgs

fcgkjhyky ds iPphl nksgs

dkO;

ekfg ljksoj lkSjHk yS

gS ;g vktq clar lekS

ckSjljh eèkqiku ND;ks

33
uhy ij dfV rV

tkur ufga ykfx eSa

xfg ljksoj lkSjHk yS

dslfj ls cju lqcj

mfM xqyky ?kw¡?kj HkbZ

ikol fjrq o`Unkou dh

jrukjh gks Hkkjh v‚[kfM+;k¡

gks >kyks ns Ns jfl;k ukxj iuk

eSa viukS euHkkou yhuksa

lkSg fd;s <jdkSgs ls uSu

fcjgkuy nkg ngS iu rki

fcgkjhyky ds dkO; dh Hkk"kk 'kSyh &

fcgkjh dh Hkk"kk lkfgfR;d cztHkk"kk gSA blesa lwjnkl dh pyrh

czt Hkk"kk dk fodflr :i feyk gSA blds lkFk gh iwoÊ fganh]
cqansy[kaMh] mnZw]Qkjlh vkfn ds 'kCn Hkh ml esa vk, gSaA
dfo fcgkjh dk 'kCn p;u cM+k lqanj vkSj lkFkZd gSA 'kCnksa dk
34
ç;ksx Hkkoks ds vuqdwy gh gqvk gSA mUgksaus viuh Hkk"kk
esa dgha&dgha eqgkojksa dk Hkh lqanj ç;ksx fd;k gSA

dfo fcgkjh yky dh e`R;q

egkdfo fcgkjh yky us viuh dkO; jpukvksa ls fganh lkfgR; esa

vewY; ;ksxnku fn;k gSA muds }kjk jfpr lrlbZ dkO; xzaFk us
mUgsa lkfgR; esa vej dj fn;kA egkdfo fcgkjh yky dh e`R;q 1663
bZloh ds yxHkx ekuh tkrh gSA

ekrk firk

dfooj fcgkjh th ds firk dk uke ds'konkl FkkA buds firk fuEckdZ

&laçnk; ds lar ujgjh nkl ds f'k"; Fks |rFkk budh ekrk ds uke ds
lacaèk esa dksbZ lk{; & çek.k çkIr ugha gS |

f'k{kk

dgk tkrk gS fd ds'kojk; buds tUe ds lkr & vkB o"kZ ckn Xokfy;j
NksM+dj vksjNk pys x, | ogh fcgkjh us fganh ds lqçfl)
dfovkpk;Z ds'konkl ,d vki xzaFkksa ds lkFk gh laL—r vkSj çk
—r vkfn dk vè;;u fd;k Avkxjk tk dj bUgksaus mnZw Qkjlh vè;;u
fd;k vkSj vCnqy jghe [kku[kkuk ds laidZ esa vk, Afcgkjh th dks
vusd fo"k;ksa dk Kku Fkk |

35
xq#

fcgkjh th ds xq# Lokeh oYyHkkpk;Z th FksA

dkO; & xq#

jhfrdky ds çfrfufèk dfo fcgkjh th ds dkO; xq# vkpk;Z ds'konkl th

FksA

fookg &

dfooj fcgkjh dk fookg eFkqjk ds fdlh czkã.k dh dU;k ls gqvk

Fkk Abuds dksbZ larku u gksus dkj.k bUgksaus vius Hkrhts
fujatu dks xksn ys fy;k FkkA

fcgkjh dh Hkk"kk lkfgfR;d cztHkk"kk gSA blesa lwjnkl dh pyrh

czt Hkk"kk dk fodflr :i feyk gSA blds lkFk gh iwoÊ fganh]
cqansy[kaMh] mnZw]Qkjlh vkfn ds 'kCn Hkh ml esa vk, gSaA
dfo fcgkjh dk 'kCn p;u cM+k lqanj vkSj lkFkZd gSA 'kCnksa dk
ç;ksx Hkkoks ds vuqdwy gh gqvk gSA mUgksaus viuh Hkk"kk
esa dgha&dgha eqgkojksa dk Hkh lqanj ç;ksx fd;k gSA

dfo fcgkjh th dk tUe 1603 bZ esa Xokfy;j ds ikl clqvk

¼xksfoaniqj xkao½ esa ekuk tkrk gSA muds firk dk uke iafMr
ds'ko jk; pkScs FkkA cpiu esa gh ;s vius firk ds lkFk Xokfy;j ls
vksjNk uxj vk x, FksA ;gha ij vkpk;Z ds'konkl ls bUgksaus
dkO;'kkL= dh f'k{kk çkIr dh vkSj dkO;'kkL= esa ikjaxr gks x,A
36
;s ekFkqj pkScs dgs tkrs gSaA budk cpiu cqansy[kaM esa O;rhr
gqvkA ;qokoLFkk esa ;s viuh llqjky eFkqjk esa tkdj jgus yxs&

fcgkjh ds vkJ; nkrk dgka ds jktk Fks\

dfooj fcgkjh t;iqj ujs'k fetkZ jktk t;flag ds njckjh dfo FksA
fcgkjh fganh jhfr dky ds çfl) dfo FksA t;iqj ujs'k lokbZ t; flag
viuh ubZ jkuh ds çse esa brus Mwcs jgrs Fks fd og egy ls ckgj
Hkh ugha fudyrs Fks vkSj jktdkt dh vksj dksbZ Hkh è;ku ugha
nsrs FksA

37
 r`rh; v/;k;

fcgkjh lrlbZ dh yksdfç;rk

ftl çdkj çdk'k] mYykl] pfj= vkfn ds uke ls çcUèk jpukvksa dh

iqjkuh ijEijk feyrh gS] Bhd mlh çdkj eqäd dkO; esa la[;k ijd uke
ls vfHkfgr dj lkr lkS QqVdj i|ksa ds laxzg dh ijEijk gekjs ns'k
esa cgqr iqjkuh gSA fcgkjh lrlbZ ls igys vkSj ckn esa Hkh laL—
r] çk—r rFkk viHkza'k esa mlds vfrfjä fgUnh] èkeZ&lzksr vkSj
uhfr rFkk 'k`axkj esa bl çdkj ds la[;k&ijd xzaFkksa dh ,d le`)
ijEijk feyrh gSA fcgkjh ls iwoZ laL—r] çk—r viHkza'k rFkk
fgUnh esa bu la[;k&ijd jpukvksa dh mYys[kuh; ijEijk fuEuor
gSa&

laL—r] çk—r o viHkza'k esa

gky dh xkFkk lIr'krh& 5oha 'krh esa Hkk"kk çk—r A

ve:d dk ve#d'krd& 9oha 'krh esa Hkk"kk laL—r A

xksoèkZu dh vk;kZlIr'krh& 11oha 'krh esa Hkk"kk laL—r A

HkrZgfj ds rhu 'krd& oSjkX;] uhfr rFkk 'k`axkj ijd A

e;wj dfo dk paMh'krd& 7oha 'krh esaA

ok.k dk paMh'krd& 7oha 'krh esaA

38
mRçs{kkoYyHk dk lqUnjh 'krd& 11oha 'krh esa A

fç;lZu us bl çdkj dh 31 la[;k&ijd jpukvksa dh lwph nh gSA

bu lc 'krdksa vkSj lIr'kfr;ksa dh fljekSj gS gky dh xkFkk

lIr'krhA 'k`axkjh eqädksa ds vkjfEHkd Nksj ij [kM+h ;g jpuk
viuh ijEijk dh loZJs"B jpuk gS vkSj blesa 'k`axkj dk ljl]
nhfIriw.kZ] mYykle; rFkk rktxh Hkjk tks :i feyrk gS] og vkxs
vkus okys 'k`axkjh eqädksa esa çkIr ughaA

fgUnh lrlbZ

xksLokeh rqylhnkl dh rqylh lrlbZ A

jghe dh jghe lrlbZ A

bu nksuksa jpukvksa dh çkekf.kdrk lafnXèk gSA fo"k; dh –f"V

ls rqylh ds nksgs Hkfä vkSj oSjkX; ds gSa vkSj jghe ds nksgs
uhfr ds fgUnh esa fcgkjh ls iwoZ 'k`axkjh eqäd ugha feyrsA

fcgkjh dh lelkef;d la[;k ijd jpuk,¡

fcgkjh lrlbZ

ferjke lrlbZ

39
jlfufèk lrlbZ

fcgkjh ds ckn dh lrlbZ ijEijk

fcgkjh ds ckn dh çfl) lrlkb;k¡ gSa&

o`Un lrlbZ ¼fonXèk lwfä;ksa ls ;qä½

jke lrlbZ ¼jke lgk; ½

foØe lrlbZ ¼foØe½

ohj lrlbZ ¼fo;ksxh gfj½

bu egRoiw.kZ lrlb;ksa ds vykok M‚å jke flag us vius 'kksèk

çUFk ^fgUnh lrlbZ ijEijk esa* vusd vkSj lrlb;ksa dh lwph nh
gSA tks bl çdkj gSa&

¼1½ iqf"V ekxÊ oS".ko dh laor~ 1872 dh ^n;kjke lrlbZ*A

¼2½ vehjnkl dh laå 1886 dh ^o`tjkt foykl lrlbZ*A

¼3½ egkdfo olar flag ^_rqjkt* dh ^clar lrlbZ*A

¼4½ nyflag dh lao 1905 esa jfpr ^vkuUn çdk'k lrlbZ*A

¼5½ dfo dhfrZ flag dh ^lrlbZ jkek;.k*A

¼6½ vesBh ds jktk xq:nÙk flag dh ^Hkqifr lrlbZ*A

40
¼7½ dfo jkeflag dh ^jke lrlbZ*A

¼8½ vfEcdknÙk O;kl dh ^lqdfo lrlbZ*A

¼9½ f'konÙk dkO;rhFkZ dh ^f'ko lrlbZA*

¼10½ jkesÜoj d#.k dh ^d#.kk lrlbZ*A

¼11½ tkudh çlkn jke xqyke f}osnh dh ^tkudh lrlbZ*A

¼12½ gfjvkSèk dh ^gfjvkSèk lrlbZ* A

¼13½ dUgS;kyky lgy dh ^ohj lrlbZ* A

¼14½ xqykc flag dh ^çse lrlbZ*A

¼15½ txr flag lsaxj dh ^fdlku lrlbZ* A

¼16½ egs'k pUæ çlkn dh ^lans'k lrlbZ* A

¼17½ jkepfjr mikè;k; dh ^czt lrlbZ*

¼18½ jktsUæ 'kekZ dh ^Kku lrlbZ*A

¼19½ xaxk ukjk;.k cktis;h dh ^J`axkj lrlbZ* A

¼20½ iUuk yky ekul dh ^ekul lrlbZ*A

bu lrlbZ;ksa esa Hkk"kk Hksn Hkh gS vkSj Hkko Hksn Hkh

dksbZ lwfä;k¡ rks Hkfä Hkko fy;s gSa rks dksbZ çse dh jlksfä;k¡

41
fdlh dh jpuk xqtjkr&jktLFkku esa gqbZ gS rks fdlh dh dk'kh
vkSj ifV;kyk] ve`rlj esa fdlku tSls vkèkqfud fo"k;ksa ij Hkh ;s
lrlbZ;k¡ feyrh gSaA okLro esa fgUnh dh mYys[kuh; lrlbZ;k¡ rks
lkr gh gSa ftudk ifjp; ckcw ';ke lqUnjnkl us vius ladyu ^lrlbZ
lIrd* esa fn;k gSA bl çdkj fcgkjh lrlbZ ds vfrfjä rqylh lrlbZ] jghe
lrlbZ] efrjke lrlbZ] jke lrlbZ] foØ; lrlbZ] o`Un lrlbZ] jlfuèkh
lrlbZ rFkk ohj lrlbZ dh gh vfèkdka'k esa ppkZ gqbZ gSA

fcgkjh lrlbZ dk lrlbZ ijEijk esa LFkku& lrlbZ ijEijk esa fcgkjh
lrlbZ dk LFkku fuèkkZfjr djus ds fy, fuEuor~ vkèkkjksa ij
rqyukRed fopkj djuk vko';d gSA

¼v½ vk;kZ lIr'krh] xkFkk 'kIr'krh vkSj ve:d 'krd rFkk fcgkjh
lrlbZ A

¼c½ efrjke lrlbZ vkSj fcgkjh lrlbZ A

¼l½ fgUnh dh lwfä lrlbZ;k¡] 'k`axkj lrlbZ;k¡] Hkfä lrlbZ;k¡ vkSj

fcgkjh lrlbZ A

¼n½ lrlbZ ijEijk esa fcgkjh lrlbZ dk LFkku

¼v½ vk;kZ lIr'krh] xkFkk lIrlrh vkSj ve:d lrd rFkk fcgkjhlrlbZ

42
¼1½ fcgkjh lrlbZ dh 'k`axkj& Hkkouk dk ewy bu rhuksa
xzUFkksa dh ijEijk dh fojklr gSA fcgkjh bl fojklr dks vfUre
Nksj rd igqapkus esa mls ;Fkko';d xkSjoe;h mPprk nsus esa lQy
gq, gSaA M‚å gtkjh çlkn f}osnh us dgk gS ^fcgkjh dh lrlbZ fdlh
jhfr eukso`fÙk dh mit ughaA ;g ,d fo'kky ijEijk ds yxHkx vfUre
Nksj ij iM+rh gS vksj viuh ijEijk • dh laHkkor% vfUre fcUnq rd
ys tkrh gSA**

¼2½ fcgkjh lrlbZ esa dbZ nksgs ,sls gSa ftudk xkFkk lIr'krh
vk;kZ lIr'krh vkSj ve:d 'krd ls Hkko&lkE; gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ&

¼d½ vk;kZ lIr'krh dh ,d vk;kZ& ^,s O;k?k ds dqÙks ! Je vkSj

vU; çk.kh dh gR;k& ;gh rsjk lkjHkwr gS& ;gh rsjs HkkX; esa
vk;sxkA vHkh rq>s nwj Hkxkdj O;k?k ds lsod bl gfj.k dks ckaV
ysaxsA**

bl Hkko dks fcgkjh us dqÙks ds LFkku ij ckt }kjk iYyfor fd;k

gSA ml nksgs esa fetkZ jktk t;flag ij O;aX; ds vFkZ ls rks nksgs
esa vkSj Hkh lkSan;Z rFkk xw<+rk vk xbZ gSA fcgkjh dk ;g
çfl) nksgk gS&

LokjFk] lq—r u Jeq o`Fkk nsf[k] fogax fopkfj A

ckt] ijk,¡ ikfu ifj] rw iPNhuq u ekfj ॥

43
¼[k½ xkFkk lIr'krh dh ,d xkFkk gS& ^gs ck¡;s us= ! rqEgkjs
QM+du ls ;fn ogh fç; vkt gh vk tk;s rks eSa viuk nk;k¡ us= ewan
dj dsoy rqels cgqr nsj rd mls ns[kw¡xhA** bl ij fcgkjh dk nksgk
gS&

cke ckag Qjdfr] feyS] tks gfj thou ewfjA

rkS rksgh lkSa HksafVgkSa jkf[k nkfguh nwfj AA

bl nksgs esa fcgkjh us cke us= ds LFkku ij ^cke ckag* ls Hkko

dks vkSj Hkh lqUnj cuk fn;k gSA ,d us= ewan dj gS feyus esa
og lkSUn;Z ughaA cka;s cktw ls feyus dh ppkZ djds fcgkjh us
Hkko dh Hkh j{kk dh gS vkSj lkSUn;Z& ck?kk Hkh nwj gqbZ
gSA

ve:'krd dk ,d 'yksd gS& 'kwU; cklx`g foyksD; 'k;uknqR;k;

vkfnA fcgkjh us bldk vR;Ur ljl vuqokn nksgs dh nks iafä;ksa esa
gh dj fn;k gS&

^eSa feflgk¡ lks;h leqfä pqU;kS f<ax tkbZA

gaL;kS] f[klkuks] xyxákS jgh xjS yiVkbA**

44
 bl çdkj fcgkjh lrlbZ çk—r] laL—r esa feyus okys 'krdksa]
lIr'kfr;ksa dh ijEijk esa vkus okyh jpuk gSA bUgha 'k`axkjh
eqädksa ds vkèkkj ij lrlbZ ds Hkkoksa dk iYyou gqvk gSA bl
lEcUèk esa M‚å gtkjh çlkn f}osnh fy[krs gSa& laL—r vkSj çk
—r ds iqjkus 'k`axkjh dfo fdlh Hkh LoHkko 'khykokyh L=h dh
'kjhj ps"Vkvksa vkSj deZ O;ki`fr;ksa dks lqUnj :i esa mifLFkr
djus esa jl ys ldrs gSaA dsoy ,d gh 'krZ os yxkuk pkgrs gSaA
mfí"V ukjh lqUnjh gks] ;qorh gks] vuqjkxorh gksA fQj os vkSj
dqN ugha lksprsA os çse ds lgt :i dks de vkSj mlds euksgj :i dks
vfèkd ilan djrs gSaA os mlds dYiuk dksey :i dks mHkkjus dk
vfèkd ç;Ru djrs gSa vkSj mldh vuk;kl eksgu&'kksHkk dks de%
os fp= dks dykiw.kZ cukus esa vfèkd Je djrs gSa] oS;fäd
lEcUèkksa dh vuqHkwfr;ksa ls jaxus esa de mÙkjdkyhu laL—r
lkfgR; esa gh ukf;dkvksa ds lw{e oxÊdj.k ds vkèkkj ij 'k`axkj
ps"Vkvksa dks vfHkO;ä djus dh ço`fÙk çdV gksus yxh Fkh
vkSj dkO; esa L=h lkSUn;Z dks ifjekftZr fdUrq —f=e :i esa
mifLFkr djus dk ç;Ru gksus yxk FkkA fcgkjh dks ;g eukso`fÙk
fojklr esa feyh FkhA**

fcgkjh us 'k`axkj ds dykRed fp=] L=h lkSUn;Z ds diksy dfYir :i

dks Hkh mHkkjk gS rFkk lkFk gh ukf;dkvksa ds

45
HksnkiHksnksa dk Hkh jhfr&i)fr ij lqUnj leUo; fd;k gSA ij
ijEijk dk lw= idM+ dj og dsoy mldk fi.Viks"k.k gh ugha djrs
jgs] ijEijk dk Hkkj gh ugha <ksrs jgs vfirq viuh çfrHkk vkSj
fonXèkrk }kjk ml ijEijk dks iq"V fd;k gS] mls ^vfUre fcUnq* rd
igq¡pk;k gSA

,slk djrs gq, dgha& dgha fcgkjh xkFkk vkSj vk;kZ lIr'krh ls Hkh
vkxs c<+ x;s gSa vkSj viuh gh ijEijk pykrs çrhr gksrs gSaA blls
gh iaå in~eflag 'kekZ us ^Hkatew Nhu ysuk* dgk gSA fcgkjh us
bu lIr'kfr;ksa ds Hkkoksa dks xzg.k djds mUgsa viuh çfrHkk ls
bruk vfèkd O;atd] bruk vfèkd eeZLi'kÊ vkSj Hkkookgd cuk
fn;k] mu ij bruh vfèkd ikfy'k dj nh gS] mUgsa ltk] laokj dj bruk
ifj"—r :i ns fn;k gS fd lân; lIr'kfr;ksa dks Hkwy cSBs gSaA
ijEijk dh fojklr dk blls vfèkd lqUnj vkSj lQy mi;ksx ugha gks
ldrk A

xkFkk lIr'krh vkSj ve:d 'krd ls fcgkjh lrlbZ dk nks ckrksa esa
Li"V vUrj çrhr gksrk gSA ,d rks fcgkjh lrlbZ ds nksgksa ds fp=
esa ^og ljlrk] rktxh vkSj nhfIr ugha tks xkFkk lIr'krh vkSj
ve#d'krd esa gSA nwljs ^xkFkk* dh xkFkkvksa vkSj ve:d 'krd
ds 'yksdksa esa tks ^oU; lqdqekjrk* vkSj vuqHkwfr;ksa dh
tks ;FkkFkZrk vkSj lgtrk gS og fcgkjh lrlbZ esa ugha feyrhA ;g

46
laHkor% blfy;s fd fcgkjh dks ijEijk dk Hkkj <ksuk iM+k gS] ;k
blfy;s fd fcgkjh ltx dykdkj Fks vkSj mUgksaus ;s fp= cuk;s Fks
u fd Lor% gh cu x;s Fks ;k fQj blfy;s fd fcgkjh esa jlokfn;ksa dh
jlxzrk] ekufld] çk—frd vkuUn vkSj ,sfUæ; rRo dh vis{kk
èofuokn ds ckSf)d vkuUn dh dykokfn;ksa tSlh jpuk dh ckjhdh]
lw{e foU;kl dh fuiq.krk vkSj vyadkjokfn;ksa dh peRdkj ço`fÙk
vfèkd gSA dqN Hkh gks fcgkjh ds fp=ksa esa xzkE; ljyrk ugha
ukxfjd thou dh —f=erk vkSj lqfpDd.krk ;k el`.krk vfèkd gS]
vfHkO;fä esa vyadj.k vkSj dFku esa vfr'k;ksfä dk vkxzg gS A

ve:d&'krd vkfn eqädksa ds lEcUèk esa çfl) Fkk& ^ve:d dcsjsd:

'yksd çcUèk 'krk;rs A** ve:d dkO; ds ,d&,d 'yksd ij lkS&lkS
çcUèk&dkO; U;ksNkoj gSaA fcgkjh dh lrlbZ dks Hkh ^xkxj esa
lkxj* dh [;kfr çkIr gqbZA

efrjke lrlbZ o fcgkjh lrlbZ

fcgkjh lrlbZ esa vkSj efrjke lrlbZ esa Hkko] fo"k;] Nan vkfn dh
–f"V ls lkE; gSA Hkk"kk dh –f"V ls ;|fi fcgkjh dh Hkk"kk dks
cztHkk"kk dh Vdlky dgk x;k gS ij efrjke lh ljl] LokHkkfod]
pyrh Hkk"kk fcgkjh esa ugha feyrhA fcgkjh viuh Hkk"kk ds lekl

47
'kfä ds fy, çfl) vkSj efrjke Hkk"kk ds çokg vkSj lgt çlUu :i ds
fy,A

nksuksa lrlbZ;ksa esa Hkfä vkSj uhfr ds nksgs gSa fdUrq fcgkjh
dh lwfä;k¡ vkSj Hkfä&fo"k;d nksgs vfèkd [;kr gSaA fcgkjh ds
Hkfä&fo"k;d nksgs efrjke ls dgha vfèkd O;atd rFkk
dkO;&pkrq;Z fy;s gSa&fcgkjh ds eaxykpj.k ds nksgs esa Hko
ckèkk vkSj gfjr nqfr dh tks xw<+ vkSj vuwBh dYiuk feyrh gS
og efrjke ds eaxykpj.k lacaèkh nksgs esa ugha] ;|fi fcgkjh ds
vuqdj.k ij nksgk jkèkk lacaèkh gh gS&

^eks eu rksefg gjkS jkèkk dks eq[k pan A

cM+s tkfg yf[k flaèkq ykSa uanuanu vkuan AA**

nksuksa lrlb;k¡ çeq[k :i esa 'k`axkjh gSaA erhjke dh lrlbZ esa

Hkkoksa dh ljlrk ;|fi ç'kaluh; gS ij fcgkjh lku muesa peRdkj gS]
u mfä&oSfp«;] u gh lw{e foU;kl rFkk jpuk dh ckjhdhA fcgkjh
ds J`axkjh nksgksa dks tks yksdfç;rk çkIr gS og efrjke dh lrlbZ
dks dgkaA u;uksa dh ppkZ djrs gq, I;kl dk mYys[k fd;k gS ij
fcgkjh us ^lyksus* 'kCn ds ç;ksx }kjk tks lkFkZdrk nh gS vkSj
R;ksa&R;ksa T;ksa&T;ksa }kjk tks u v?kkus dk fp= mifLFkr

48
fd;k gS og vuqdj.k dh lqfoèkk gksus ij Hkh efrjke esa ugha
feyrk&

^R;ksa R;ksa I;klsbZ jgr] T;ksa&T;ksa fi;r v?kk;A

lxqu lyksus :i dks lq u p[k Rok tq>k; ॥** &fcgkjh

lyksus vFkkZr~ uedhu ued ls I;kl vkSj HkM+drh gSa½A

^fi;r jgr fi; uSu og rsjh e`nq eqlD;kfu A

rn u gksfr e;ad eq[kh rud I;kl dh gkfu AA ** – efrjke

nksuksa dfo;ksa us ukf;dk dh nhif'k[kk&lh nsg dk o.kZu fd;k

gSA fdUrq fcgkjh ds ^vax&vax ux txexS* esa tks O;atdrk gS
rFkk ^fn;k c<+k, gw¡* esa tks ^mtkj xsg* dk peRdkj gS og
efrjke esa ugha feyrk&

^vax vax ux txexs] nhifl[kk lh nsgA

fn;k c<+k, gwa jgs] cM+h mtkjkS xsg AA ** fcgkjh

^fufl vafèk;kjh dh [kiV ifgfj pyh fi; xsgA

dgh cqjkbZ D;ksa nqgS] nhifl[kk lh nsg ॥**

49
efrjke ds nksgs dsoy ljl gSa vkSj fcgkjh ds O;atd HkhA efrjke
dsoy jlokyh Fks ij fcgkjh ds nksgs èofu lefUor Hkh gSaA

fcgkjh ds nksgksa esa xkxj esa lkxj Hkjus dh dYiuk ds

peRdkjiw.kZ vkSj okfXonXèkrk ds lkFk lekgkj dh tks vuwBh
'kfä gS og efrjke esa ugha feyrhA

bl çdkj efrjke dks ;|fi fcgkjh ds nksgksa dk vuqdj.k djus dh

lqfoèkk çkIr Fkh ij fQj Hkh muds nksgksa dk vkèkkj& Qyd u
rks fcgkjh lk O;kid gS] u gh fp=ksa esa oSlh pdkpkSaèk vkSj
fuiq.krk gS] u gh Hkko&Hkko] gsyk foUoksd vkfn ds jhfr&fl)
eknd fp= gSaA efrjke dsoy ljy lgt vuqjkx ds eeZLi'kÊ dfo gSaA
vr,o blh dkj.k fcgkjh dh dkO;&{kerk] mfä&oSfp«;] O;atd ok.kh
vkSj çrh;eku vFkksZa dh vuwBh vkSj ukxjh –f"V rd efrjke ugha
igqap lds vkSj u gh muds nksgksa dks ^xaHkhj èkkc* djus dh
yksdfç;rk vkSj ^xkxj esa lkxj* Hkjus dh [;kfr çkIr gks ldh gSA ;|
fi nksuksa lrlb;ksa dk o.;Z fo"k;] Hkko] Nan vkfn ,d gSaA

fgUnh dh lrlb;k¡ o fcgkjh lrlbZ& ¼1½ fcgkjh ls iwoZ ;|fi dchj

vkfn ds çpqj nksgs feyrs gSa] —ikjke feJ] uannkl] lwjnkl]
ds'konkl vkfn dk ukf;dk Hksn 'k`axkj fu:i.k] vyadkj fu:i.k
lacaèkh i;kZIr lkfgR; feyrk gS fdUrq lrlbZ;k¡ nks gh gSa&rqlyh
lrlbZ vkSj jghe lrlbZA nksuksa esa Kku] Hkfä] oSjkX; vkSj uhfr
50
dh lwfä;k¡ gSa vkSj bl –f"V ls nksuksa lrlb;k¡ cstksM+ gSaA
fdUrq buds nksgksa esa vuqHkwfr dh ljlrk ugha] uhfr dk mins'k
gh çeq[k :i esa feyrk gSA fcgkjh Hkh lwfädkj FksA fdUrq mudh
cgqr de lwfä;k¡ ,slh gSa tks dsoy lwfä&ek= gSa vU;Fkk muesa
dkO;&ljlrk dk] 'k`axkj dk çk;% eatqy feJ.k fd;k x;k gSA ;gh
fLFkfr fcgkjh ds Hkfä&ijd nksgksa dh gSA Hkfä lEcUèkh nksgs
Åij m)`r fd, tk pqds gSaA lwfädkj fcgkjh dk dkO;&oSHko
fuEufyf[kr nksgksa esa ns[kk tk ldrk gS

^ra=hukn dfor jl] ljl jkx] jfr jaxA

vucwM+s cwM+s] rjs] tks cwM+s lc vax ||**

laxfr nks"k yxs lcuq] dgsfr lkaps cSu A

dqfVy cad Hkqo lax Hkjk] dqfVy cad xfr uSu ॥

vkSj jghe esa vuqHko dh lPpkbZ rks gS ij dkO; dh oSlh ljlrk

ugha&

T;ksa jghe xfr nkSj dh] dqy diwr dh lks; A

ckjs mft;kjs yxs cM+s vaèksjks gks; AA

51
fcgkjh ds mijkar ;k ledkyhu lrlbZ;ksa esa efrjke dh lrlbZ fo'ks"k
egRoiw.kZ gS] 'ks"k lrlbZ;k¡ gSa] jru lrlbZ] jke lrlbZ] o`an
lrlbZ] foØe lrlbZ vkSj vkèkqfud dky dh ohj lrlbZA buesa
fo;ksxh gfj fd vkèkqfud dkyhu ^ohj lrlbZ* ds lkFk rks dsoy
nksgs] nan vkSj lrlbZ la[;k dk gh lacaèk gS vU;Fkk fcgkjh ds
'k`axkfjd {ks= esa bldh rqyuk dk dksbZ vfHkçk; ughaA 'ks"k
esa ls jru lrlbZ dks ledkhu lrlbZ;ksa esa j[kk tk ldrk gSA

jru lrlbZ J`axkfjd gksdj Hkh Qkjlh ds çHkko ls gh vfèkd

çHkkfor gS&

^ysgq u etuw&?kksj f<ax] dksM] ysyk ukeA

njnoar dks usdq rks] ysu nsg fcljke AA**

us buds nksgksa dks lq#fp vkSj lkfgfR;d f'k"Vrk dks vk?kkr

igqpkus okyk dgk gSA muds fopkj ls vkpk;Z 'kqDy dbZ
nksgksa esa bUgksaus fcgkjh ds okD; rd j[ks gSaA

'ks"k rhuksa lrlbZ;ksa ij fcgkjh lrlbZ dk lgt çHkko yf{kr fd;k tk

ldrk gSA buesa ls o`an lrlbZ gh vfèkd lQy gS ij og uhfrijd jpuk
gS rFkk o`an ds lwfädkj Lo:i dks gh lkeus ykrh gSA

^Hkys cqjs lc ,d le tks ykS cksyr ukfga A

52
 ckfu ijr gS dkx fid _rq clar ds ekfg AA ^

buds nksgksa dh [;kfr jghe ls de ughaA

jke lrlbZ esa 'k`axkj ds nksgs gSa fdUrq dsoy fcgkjh dk vuqdj.k
djrs gq,A ;g fcgkjh ds çHkko dh lwpd jpuk gS vU;Fkk ;g fdlh
Hkh çdkj ls fcgkjh dh mPprk dks çkIr ugha gksrhA

foØe lrlbZ Hkh 'k`axkfjd jpuk gS ij vR;ar ljyA fcgkjh dk çHkko

Li"V :i ls yf{kr gksrk gSA

fcgkjh lrlbZ dk LFkku

fcgkjh lrlbZ viuh ijEijk dh lokZfèkd yksdfç; jpuk gSA fcgkjh ds

bu 'k`axkjh nksgksa us] muesa fufgr okfXonXèkrk us fcgkjh dks
fgUnh dk yksd&fç; dfo cuk fn;k gSA

lrlbZ ijEijk esa fcgkjh dh lrlbZ dkO;&xq.kksa vkSj 'k`axkj dh ljl

vkSj peRdkjiw.kZ vfHkO;fä ds dkj.k lcls Js"B gSA

blus vius iwoZ dh laL—r&çk—r lIr'kfr;ksa ls tgk¡ çHkko xzg.k

dj ijEijk dks vkxs c<+k;k gS ogk¡ viuh çfrHkk ls muds fo"k; dks
bruk ljl vkSj ltk&l¡okj fn;k gS fd mudk etewu gh Nhu fy;k gSA
vkxkeh lrlbZ;ksa ds fy;s rks ;g vkn'kZ :i jgh vkSj lcus blls
çHkko xzg.k dj J`axkj ds nksgs jpus dk ç;kl fd;k] Hk;s us dsrs

53
txr~ ds prqj fprsjs dwjA* lcdks fcgkjh dh rqyuk esa vlQyrk gh
gkFk yxh gSA

lrlbZ;ksa esa 'k`axkj çèkku lrlbZ;k¡ çeq[k gS vkSj 'k`axkj çèkku

lrlbZ;ksa esa fcgkjh lrlbZ çeq[k gSaA eqäd dkO; esa
nksgk&Nan dk dkO;&oSHko lokZsifj gksrk gS vkSj
nksgk&Nan dh lokZfèkd ljl] vuwBh] fonXèk] peRdkjiw.kZ
vkSj Hkko&O;atd jpuk gS fcgkjh lrlbZ A

dkO; jlksa esa loZJs"B jl 'k`axkj gS vkSj 'k`axkj jl dh loZJs"B

jpuk gS fcgkjh lrlbZ] ftlls lkSjHk lus] eèkqj jl Hkhxs jlky rqY;
nksgksa dh fcgkjh us jpuk dh gSA

fcgkjh lrlbZ 'k`axkjh eqäd ijEijk esa lokZfèkd yksdfç; jpuk gSA
bldh yksdfç;rk dk çek.k bl ij fy[kh xbZ vla[; Vhdk,¡ gSaA

fcgkjh ds nksgksa ds çHkko dh vuar ppkZ esa fdlh lân; dk ;g

dFku vkt Hkh fdruk lR; gS&

^lrlS;k ds nksgjs] T;ksa ukod ds rhj A

ns[kr esa NksVs yxs] csèkS ldy 'kjhj A**

54
 prqFkZ v/;k;

dkO; lkS"Vo vkSj fcgkjh lrlbZ

jhfr dky ds çfl) dfo fcgkjh dk dkO; viuh vusd fo'ks"krkvksa ds

dkj.k ppkZdk fo"k; cuk jgk gSA jhfrdky ds vusd dfo;ksa us
dsaoy J`xkj dks gh jl jktLo fl) djus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA tcfd fcgkjh
us J`axkj dks f'k[kj rd igqpkus ds lkFk lkFk Hkfä vkSj uhfr dk
Hkh lqunj dkO;kuqHkwfr;ksa dks O;ä fd;k gSA fcgkjh dk ,d gh
xzUFk ^^ fcgkjh lrlbZ mudh egr dhfrZ dk vkèkkj gSA vkpk;Z
'kqDy ds vuqlkj ;g ckr lkfgR;] {ks= ds bl rF; dh Li"V ?kks"k.kk
dj jgh gS fd fdlh dfo ;k ;'k mldh jpukvksa ds ifj.kke ls ugha
gksrk xq.k ds fglkc ls gksrk gSA

fcgkjh dh lrlbZ esa J`axkj] Hkfä uhfr dk dkO;uqHkwfr ç—fr

fp=.k dh O;kidrk] fofHkUu Kku ds fo"k;ksa dks ljyrk iwoZd
dkO; ds ;ksX; cukdj çHkkoh <+ax ls çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA fcgkjh
ds dkO; dh fo'ks"krkvksa ds Hkko o dyk i{k nksuksa lcy
fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA

fcgkjh ds dkO; dk Hkko i{k

55
 fcgkjh ds dkO; dh jlflf)

fgUnh lkfgR; ds jhfr dky ds egkdfo fcgkjh J`axkfjd dfo FksA blh
dkj.k mudh jlflf) ds dbZ vkèkkj dfo Fks ijUrq bu vkèkkjksa ds
foospu ls igys jlflf) ds vFkZ dks le>k ysuk vko';d gSA

jlflf) dk vFkZ

jlflf) 'kCn jl gks fl) 'kCnksa ls feydj cuk gSA ftldk 'kkfCnd vFkZ
gSA dkO; esa jl dh flf) çkIr gksukA lkekUr% dkO; esa jl dh flf)
rc çkIr gksrh gSA tc dfo jl ds lHkh vaxksa o vaxksa ls tqM+s
midj.kksa vkSj miknkuksa dk lexzZrk ds lkFk xzg.k djrk gSa
fcgkjh ds dkO; esa jlflf) dks LFkku in ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

bl vkèkkj ij jlflf) dfo og gS tks vius dkO; esa jl ds vo;oksa]

miknkuksa vkSj muls tqM+s gq,s lnHkkZs dks jlkRed 'kSyh esa
çLrqr djrk gSA og jlflf) dfo gksrk gSA vkSj ml dk dkO; jlfl)rk
dk i;kZ; cuk tkrk gSA fcgkjh ,d jlfl) dfo gSA muds dkO; esa jl
fl)rk dk çekf.kdrk djus okys miknuksa esa J`axkj jl ds nksuksa
i{kksa dk fu:i.k] uk;d ukf;dkvksa dh fLFkfr dk foospu] gko
Hkko vkSj vuqHkoksa dk fp=.k fd;k gSA blfy, fcgjh dks jlfl)
doh dgk tkrk gSA

56
fcgkjh lrlbZ esa çèkku jl J`axkj gS dqN 'kksèk drkZ fo}kuksa us
fcgkjh lrlbZ ds 712 nksgksa es ls yxHkx 600 nksgs J`axkj jl ls
ifjiw.kZ crk;s gSA ijUrq bl lacaèk esa fookn gSA J`axkj jl dh
çèkkurk ds lkFk lkFk fcgkjh lrlbZ esa Hkfä jl vU;ksfä;ksa vkSj
uhfr ls lacafèkr nksgs Hkh fey tkrs gSA ijUrq çèkkurk J`axkj jl
dh gh gSA

J`axkj jl

J`axkj jl lHkh jlksa esa ls Js"V jl gS rFkk fgUnh] lkfgR; esa bls
jljkr dh mikfèk çnku gS J`axkj 'kCn nks 'kCnksa ls feydj cuk gS
J`x dk vFkZ gSA dkeksæsd vFkkZr~ dke dk QqV iM+ukA vkj
dk vFkZ gSA ykus okyk vFkkrZ~ tks dkeksæsd ykrk gSA ;k
iSnk djrk gSA bl çdkj J`axkj jl og jl gSA ftlesa uk;d ukf;dkvksa
ds feyu vFkok la;ksx ls mRiUu lq[k ;k fo;ksx ds dkj.k gksus
okys d"V o.kZu gksrk gSA mls J`axkj jl dgrsa gSA J`axkj jl ds
nks çdkj gksrs gSA

1- la;ksx J`xkaj

2- fo;ksx J`axkjA

57
jhfrdky+ dh jhfrfl) fcgkjh ,d J`axkfjd dfo gSA rFkk bUgksus
viuh —fr fcgkjh lrlrbZ ds vUrxZr J`axkj ds nksuks i{kksa dk
cgqr gh ekfeZdrk ds lkFk o.kZu fd;k gSA

la;ksx J`axkj

dfooj fcgkjh us vius dkO; esa la;ksx J`axkj dk lw{erk ,oa

dq'kyrk ds lkFk o.kZu fd;k gSA buds dkO; esa la;ksx J`axkj
nks :iksa esa lkeus vkrk gSA ,d rks ukf;dk uk;d ds :i lkSUn;Z dk
o.kZu vkSj nwljk ØhM+k o.kZuA fcgkjh us la;ksx J`axkj ds
vUrxZr bu nksuks voLFkkvksa dk cgqr gh ekfeZdrk ds lkFk
o.kZu fd;k gSA

:i o.kZu

fcgkjh lrlbZ ds vUxZr fcgkjh us uk;d ukf;dkvksa ds :i lkSUn;Z

dk o.kZu cgqr gh vkd"kZd <ax ls fd;k gSA bl :i o.kZu ds
vUrxZr dgh rks ukf;d vkyEcu cugh gwbZ gS rks dgha uk;d
vkyEcu ds :i esa lkeus vkrk gS fcgkjh us ukf;dk ds u[kf'k[k dk
Lora= :il ls o.kZu djrs gq, lkSUn;Z ds tks fp= [khpsa gSA os
cgqr gh vkd"kZd yxrs gSa ,d nksgk –"VO; gSA

vax vax~ Nfo dh yiV mivFr tkfr mNsgA

[kjh ikrfjm rÅ yxS Hkjh lh nsgAA

58
ØhM+k o.kZu

fcgkjh us viuh lrlbZ esa la;ksx J`axkj ds vUrxZr jfr ØhM+vksa

ds o.kZu dks Hkh egRo fn;k gSA ØhM+k o.kZui ds vUrxZr
fcgkjh us uk;d ukf;dk ds feyu] vkafyxu vkSj foijhr jfr vkfn dk
o.kZu cgqr gh ekfeZd <ax ls fd;k gS fcgkjh ds vius dkO; esa
foijhr jfr dk tks o.kZu fd;kA mlls lacafèkr nksgk –"VO; gS

Hkfä jl

fgUnh lkfgR; ds ukS jlksa ds lkFk lkFk ,d Hkfä jl dks Hkh

Lohdkjk x;k gS] ijUrq dqN vkykspdksa bls jl dh Js.kh esa ugha
j[krs gSaA ysfdu vkt Hkfä dks jl ekuus esa dksbZ Hkh vkifÙk
ughaA fu'p; gh Hkfä dkO; esa Hkkouk dk tks foLrkj Hkkjrh;
lkfgR; esa feyrk gSA mldksa ns[krs gq, Hkfä dks jl us Lohdkjuk
oLrqfLFkfr dh mis{kk djuk gSA

Hkko O;atuk vkSj fcgkjh lrlbZ

fcgkjh us vius dkO; esa dqN Hkko O;atukvksa dh Hkh vfHkO;fä

dh gSA ftlesa gko o.kZu vkSj vuqHkko o.kZu çeq[k gSA

gko o.kZu

59
vkyEc :i esa ukf;dk dh ps"Vkvksa vkSj eqævksa dks gko dgrs
gSA vFkkZr~ ukf;dk dh LokHkkfod J`axkj ps"Vk,a gko dgykrh
gSA gko dks laL—r esa vaydkj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA lkekU;r%
gko rhu çdkj ds gksrs gSA

1- vxat

2- v;Rut

3- ;rUt vkFkok LoHkkotA

vxat Hkko

vxat Hkko rhu çdkj ds gksrs gSA Hkko] gko vkSj gsykA ^
fufoZdkj fp= esa çFke ckj leqfR;e dke & fopkj dk Hkko dgrs
gSA bldsa vUrxZr fdlh Hkh bPNk dk çdk'ku ugha gksrk gSA

vkSj vksi duhdudu xuh èkuh fljrktA

euh èkuh ds usg dh cuh Nuh iV yktA

tc fodkj vfHkyk"kk iwoZd çdV gksrk gS rks mls gko dgrs gSA

ns[;kS vuns[;kS fd;S vaxq vxqa lcS fn[kkbZA

iSBfr lh ru eS ldqfp cSBh] fprS ytkbZAA

60
tc ps"Vk,a bruh c<+ tkrh gS fd mlesa yTtk Hkko cgqr de jg tkrk
gS vkSj lkèkkj.k O;fä Hkh çse dks yf{kr dj nsrk gS mls gsyk
dgrs gSA

pyrq èk: èkj èkj rÅ èkjh u ?kj BgjkbZA

leqf> mUgh ?kj dkS pyS Hkwfy mUgh ?kj tkbZAA

v;Rut gko

blds fy, fdlh Hkh çdkj ds ç;Ru dh vko';drk ugha gksrh gSA ;s lkr
çdkj ds gksrs gSA 'kksHkk[k~ dkfUr nhfIr] ekèkq;Z] çxRHkrk]
vkSnk;Z vkSj èkZ;kZA fcgkjh lrlbZ ds vUrxZr v;Rut ds lkrksa
çdkj ds mnkgj.k fey tkrs gSA

fcgkjh vkSj ç—fr fp=.k

iqjkru dky ls gh euq"; o ç—fr dk xgjk lacaèk jgk gSA dgk t;s rks
ç—fr euq"; dh lgpjh jgh gS vFkkZr og euq"; ds lq[k] nq[k ds
nksuks esa mlds lkFk jgh gSA vfHkçk; ;g gS fd vkfndky ls gh ç
—fr ekuo ls tqM+h gqbZ gSA euq"; dk dksbZ Hkh dk;Zdyki ç
—fr ls vyx ugha gSA ç—fr vkSj ekuo dk ;g lacaèk bruk çxk<+

61
gS fd dfo dykdkjksa us Hkh mls Lohdkj fd;k gSA vkfn ekuo us
tc us=kseyhu fd;k rks èkjrh us viuh nqykj Hkjh xksn esa ys fy;k]
e`nw lehj us >qyk;k] chfp;ksa us yksfj;k¡ xkbZ] v:.k us vuqjkx
& jaftr vkysd fn;k vkSj bUnqj f'enksa us pkj pqEcu ls mls xnxn
dj fn;kA ekuo vkSj ç—fr dk ;g ;gp;Z fpUru gks x;kA bl 'kkÜor
lacaèk ds ifjos'k esa gh og dHkh mlds vfHkuo J`axkj ij
eq'èkgksrk dHkh mldh {kqCFk Hkafxek ls Hkr gksrk] dHkh ur
tkuq gks mlls mins'k vkSj vkns'k çkIr djrk] dHkh vius fç; ds vax
& çR;axksa dk mlesa lk–'; <w¡<rk] dHkh vius fç; ds g"kZ]
fo"kkndks çdV dj ân; & Hkkj dks gYdk djrk vkSj dHkh ç—fr ds
vUrj esa ços'k dj lw{ekfrlw{e ijelrk dk vuqHko djrkA ekuo dk ç
—fr ds çfr ;g vusdkaxh lacaèk loZns'kh; vkSj loZ;qxhu gks x;kA
;qx & ;qx esa ns'k vkSj dky dh lhek us mlds –f"Vdks.k dh fn'kk
Hkys gh ifjofrZr dj gh gks] fdUrq mldk çokg vo:) dHkh ugh
gqvkA

fcgkjh lrlbZ esa 'kCn foèkku : ;g ,d okLrfodrk gS fd Hkk"kk dk

fuek.kZ 'kCnksa ls gh gksrk gS vkSj ;s 'kCn dbZ çdkj ds gks ldrs
gSA fcgkjh lrlbZ ds vUrxZr fcgkjh us tks 'kCn foèkku viuk;k gS
og Hkh ,d tSlk ugh gSA fcgkjh lrlbZ esa eq[; 'kCnkoyh pkgs ^
czt * Hkk"kk dh gS ijUrq cztHkk"kk ds lkFk gh budh jpuk esa

62
vU; Hkk"kkvksa laL—r] çk—r] viHkza'k] vjchQkjlh vkn f ds
'kCn ns[kus dks feyrs gSA fcgkjh dh jpuk esa ç;qä 'kCn &
foèkku çHkkoh blhfy, gS fd mUgksus 'kCn dh vkRek dks
igpkuk gSA fcgkjh us viuh —fr fcgkjh lrlbZ esa ftu Hkk"kkvksa
ds 'kCnkoyh dk ç;ksx fd;k gS fopsu –f"Vxkspj gSA

cztHkk"kk ds 'kCn : fcgkjh dh jpuk fcgkjh lrlbZ esa çeq[krk

cztHkk"kk ds 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx gqvk gSA ;s 'kCn nks çdkj ds
'kCn gS rks nwljh rjQ xzkeh.k cksypky ds 'pkCn gSA mnkgj.k
ds fy, thou] jg;kS] ij;kS] pqujh] fnBksuk] vk¡f[k] HkkSu] Nfo &
Nk¡d] lyksuhfprofr] eqlqdku] yqoS] ytkSgh] e¡gnh] teqgkj]
iyuq] fctqjh] fg;kS] cfr;k¡ vkfn lkfgfR;d czt Hkk"kk ds 'kCn
gSA tcfd xqM+h] xjnkus] gwBîkS] itjS] vktqdkfYg] cqjS]
iwU;kS] ,sru ejd] xksjVh vkSVs] cjkBs] tq:] M;kS<h vkfn
xzkeh.k cksypky ds 'kCn gSA ftudk ç;ksx fcgkjh lrlbZ esa i;kZIr
ek=k esa feyrk gSA fcgkjh ds dkO; esa czt Hkk"kk dk mnkgj.k
bl çdkj ls gS

dfo fcgkjh }kjk jfpr fcgkjh lrlbZ Hkh vaydkjksa ls ifjiw.kZ gSA
blesa dfo fcgkjh us vusd vadkjksa dk ç;ksx fd;k gSA jke lkxj
f=ikBh th us fcgkjh ds dkO; esa vk;s vaydkjksa dk vè;;u rhu
Hkkxksa esa ckaV dj fd;k gSA &

63
1- ljkfHkO;atuk ewyd vaydkjA

2- oLrqO;atuk ewyd vaydkjA

3- O;x;kFkkZiLdkjd vaydkjA

gekjs er ls fcgkjh lrlbZ ds vaydkj lkSn;Z dk vè;;u ijEijkxr

foHkktu ds vkèkkj ij fd;k tkr mfpr gSA ijEijkxr vkèkkj ij nks
çdkj ls fd;k tkrk gSA

¼1½ 'kCnkyadkj

¼ 2½ vFkkZyadkj

'kCnkyadkj : tgka peRdkj dsoy 'kCn ij vkfJr gks vFkkZr ml 'kCn

ds cny nsus ij tgka peRdkj u"V gksrk gS ogk 'kCnkyadkj gksrk
gSA 'kCnkyadkjksa esa çk;% vuqçkl] ;ed] 'ys"koØfä vkSj ohIlk
vkfn vaydkj vkrs gSA

vFkkZyadkj : tgka peRdkj vFkZ ij voyfEcr gks vFkkZr

i;k;Zokph 'kCn j[k nsus ij Hkh tgk peRdkj u"V ugh gksrk gks
ogk vFkkZyadkj gksrk gSA vFkkZyadkj ds vUrxZr miek]
Hkzkafr & eku lgksfä] vfr';ksfä] vU;ksfä] viguqfr] dkO;fyax]
fojksèkkHkkl] çrhi] vk{ksi] lw{e vkfn vaydkj vkrs gSA

64
fcgkjh lrlbZ ds vUrxZr 'kCnkyadkj vkSj vFkkZyadkj nksuksa dk
ç;ksx gqvk gSA 'kCnkyadkjksa dk ç;ksx vusd LFkyks ij peRdkj
çn'kZu ds fy, fd;k x;k gS fdUrq vFkkZyadkj dk lgt ç;kx Hkko
lEçs"k.k ds fufer fd;k x;k gSA vadkj dk ç;ksx dkO; ds lkSn;Z
dks c<+kus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ;fn vadkj lgt LokHkkfrd
çfØ;k ds vuqlkj vuqHkwfr ds lEçs"k.k ds fy, fd;s tkrs gS rks
mlds dkO; & lkSan;Z vkSj vfèkd c<rk gS] ?kVrk ugh gSA

vuqçkl : tgka fdlh 'kCn ;k o.kZ dh ,d ls vfèkd ckj vko`fr gksrh

gS ogk vuqçkl vyadkj gksrk gSA vuqçkl vyadkj ds mnkgj.k
iwoZ dfo;ksa ds dkO; esa vklkuh ls fey tkrs gS ijurq bldk ykfyR;
fcgkjh esa vfèkd feyrk gSA fcgkjh dk fuEu nksgk æ"VO; gSA
vuqçkl vkSj mlds Hksnks ds Hkh fcgkjh us ;qfä laxr çLrqr fd,
gSA

jl flaxkj & eatuq fd,] datuq Hktuq nSuA

vatuq jatuq gw fcuk [katuq xatuq uSuAA

'ys"k : tgka ,d 'kCn dk ç;ksx ,d ls vfèkd vFkZ esa gksrk gS ogka

'ys'k vaydkj gksrk gSA 'ys"k vaydkj esa f'y"V inkoyh dk gh
peRdkj gksrk gSA 'ys"k cM+k gh peRdkjiw.kZ ,oa
vFkkZxEHk;Z mRiuu djus okyk vaydkj gS] ijUrq blds ç;ksx

65
djrs le; lrdZ jguk iM+rk gSA D;ksfd fdy"Vrk bldh lgxkfeuh gSA
fcgkjh lrlbZ esa 'yksd ds peRdkjiw.kZ vkSj vFkkZx &
XHkh;Ziw.kZ mnkgj.k feyrs gSA

vtkS rj;kSuk gh jg;kS Jqfr lsor bl & jaxA

uke & okl cslfj yg;kS cfl eqdqruq dS laxAA

;ed% tgka ,d gh o.kZ nks ;k nks ls vfèkd ckj ç;qä gks] ijUrq gj
ckj mldk fHkUu vFkZ fudys mls le; vaydkj dgrs gSA fcgkjh us
vius dkO; esa ;ed vaydkj dk ç;ksx cgqr gh ekfeZd <ax ls çLrqr
fd;k gSA

dud dud rS lkS xqukS endrk vfèkdk;A

mfga [kk,s ckSjkbZ tx bfg ik, cksjkbZAA
rks ij okjkS mjclh] lqfu] jkfèkds lqtkjA
rw eksgu dS mjolh goS mjclh vekuA
oØksfä tgk lquus okyk O;fä dgus okys 'kCn ds vU; vFkZ dh
dYiuk dj ys ogk oØfä vaydkj gksrk gSA bl çdkj dgk tk ldrk gS
fd fcgkjh çse vkSj J`axkj ds dfo FksA blhdkj.k muds dkO; esa
lkSn;Z dks fo'ks"k LFkku çnku gqvk gSA budk ;g lkSn;Z
foèkku HkkokRed vkSj dykRed nksuksa çdkj dk gSA bUgksus
je.kh;rk dks dykRed :i esa çLrqr djus ds fy, ftl Hkk"kk] vaydfr]
fcEc ;kstuk vkSj Nan dkS'ky dk ifjp; fn;k gSA og fcgkjh ds
lkSn;Z fcèkku dk ,d egRoiw.kZ i{k gSA bl çdkj fcgkjh
66
lrlbZ ,d ,slh —fr gS ftlesa Hkko vkSj dyk dk lekuqikfrd ;ksx
gqvk gSA fcgkjh lrlbZ dks i<+dj dksbZ Hkh dsoy ;fn ;g dgrk gS
fd os peRdkjoknh dfo gS rks fuf'pr :i ls muds lkFk U;k; ugh djrk
gSA

iape~ v/;k;

fu"d"kZ ,oa lq>ko

fcgkjh lrlbZ dk fu"d"kZ ;g gS fd ;g ,d egRoiw.kZ lkfgfR;d —fr

gS tks lrlbZ lkfgR; dh ijEijk esa viuh fo'ks"k txg j[krh gSA
blds }kjk Hkfä] çse] Hkk"kk dh lqanjrk vkSj Hkkjrh; lkaL—frd
ewY;ksa dk çfr"Bku fd;k x;k gSA fcgkjh lrlbZ ds dforkvksa esa
fofHkUu jlksa dk laokn gksrk gS] ftlls ikBdksa dk eukscy c<+rk
gS vkSj mudk vkRek dks 'kkafr vkSj çsj.kk feyrh gSA blds lkFk
gh] ;g —fr gesa çkphu Hkkjrh; laL—fr vkSj Hkk"kk dh
egRoiw.kZ igpku çnku djrh gSA

fcgkjh lrlbZ ds vè;;u }kjk ge ml le; dh lkekftd] lkaL—frd vkSj

vkè;kfRed ifjçs{; dks le> ldrs gSa vkSj mlds ekè;e ls gekjs
vkè;kfRed vkSj Hkk"kkbZ thou dks vkfFkZdrk ls Hkjiwj cuk
ldrs gSaA ;g —fr gesa Hkfä] çse vkSj ln~xq.kksa ds ekè;e ls
mPpre ekuork dh fn'kk esa çsfjr djrh gSA

67
blfy,] fcgkjh lrlbZ dk fu"d"kZ ;g gS fd ;g ,d egRoiw.kZ lkfgfR;d
jpuk gS ftlus lrlbZ lkfgR; dh ijaijk dks vkxs c<+kok fn;k gS
vkSj mlds ekè;e ls Hkfä] çse] Hkk"kk vkSj laL—fr ds egRo dks
çLrqr fd;k gSA

lrlbZ lkfgR; Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dh ,d egRoiw.kZ ijEijk gS] ftlesa

laxhr] dfork vkSj èkkfeZd mins'kksa dk la;kstu gksrk gSA bl
ijEijk dk çkjaHk çkphu Hkkjrh; laL—fr esa gqvk Fkk vkSj blds
ckn fofHkUu dkO;dkjksa us bls vius vf}rh; :i esa fodflr fd;kA
fcgkjh lrlbZ Hkh bl ijEijk dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fgLlk gS] tks fd
Hkfä vkSj çse ds fo"k;ksa ij vkèkkfjr gSA

fcgkjh lrlbZ ds jpf;rk fcgkjhyky dh miU;kl dfork 'fcgkjh lrlbZ'

us bls çLrqr fd;k gSA bl iqLrd esa 100 Nanksa esa 100 dfork,
¡ gksrh gSa] ftuesa çse] Hkfä] çk—fr] vuq"Bku vkfn ds fo"k;ksa
ij dfork,¡ gksrh gSaA blds vykok] bl iqLrd esa fofHkUu çdkj ds
jl Hkh O;ä gksrs gSa tSls fd ohj] J`axkj] vkfnA

fcgkjh lrlbZ dk fuèkkZj.k djrs le; ge ;g lkfcr dj ldrs gSa fd ;g ,d

mPpre Lrj dh Hkfädkfyd dkO; ijaijk dk çrhd gS] tks ml le; dh
lkekftd] vkè;kfRed vkSj lkaL—frd ifjçs{; ls mHkjh FkhA bl

68
iqLrd ds ekè;e ls fcgkjhyky us Hkfä vkSj çse ds lkFk&lkFk
Hkk"kk dh lqanjrk dks Hkh çdV fd;k gSA

lq>ko &

fcgkjh lrlbZ dh lexzrk dks le>us ds fy, mlds fofHkUu Nanksa

vkSj dforkvksa dk vè;;u djsaA

bl iqLrd ds lanHkZ esa ml le; dh lkekftd] lkaL—frd vkSj

vkè;kfRed ifjçs{; dks le>us dk ç;kl djsaA

fcgkjh lrlbZ ds vuqlkj Hkfä vkSj çse ds egRo dks le>sa vkSj
muds lans'k dks vkt dh thou'kSyh esa viukus dk ç;kl djsaA

bl ijEijk ds egRo dks vkxs c<+kok nsus ds fy, fcgkjh lrlbZ ds

vè;;u dk çpkj djsa vkSj ;qok ihf<+;ksa dks blds egRo ds ckjs esa
tkx:d djsaA

69
 lanHkZ & lwph

 fcgkjh ds nksgs % xkxj esa lkxj] 'kCn] ljksdkj

¼vDVwcj&fnlEcj 2006½
 dkyk igkM+ miU;kl vkSj esokr] vk¡py dk thou] 'kCn
ljksdkj ¼tuojh&ekpZ 2007½
 fgUnh miU;kl vkSj vkupkfydrk] ‘kCn ljksdkj
¼vizsSy&twu 2007½
 mifuo’kc) ls mRrj mifou’kc) dh larfr rFkk cnyrs
ifjizs{;] jpukØe ¼vDVwcj&fnlEcj 2007½
 vupkfyd miU;kl vkSj yksd laLd`fr] fgeizLFk ¼ekpZ
& 2008½
 vupkfyd miU;kl vkSj yksd xhr] iatkc lkSjHk
¼vDVwcj & 2007½
 fgUnh xty esa lkFkZd dne] 'kCn ljksdkj ¼tuojh&ekpZ
2008½
 Hkxr lSu dh ok.kh ,oa lRlax dk egRo ‘kCn ljksdkj
¼vDVwcj&fnlEcj 2011½
 18- vupkfyd miU;kl vkSj nfyr foe’kZ gkL; dh vkokt
¼Qjojh & 2012½dkO;kax foospu & M‚- y{ehukjk.k
uUn okuk] çeorh 'kekZ & 76-

70
 fcgkjh jRukdj & 57-
 fcgkjh lrlbZ & iafMr ine flag 'kekZ & 77-
 fcgkjh lrlbZ Mk‚- gfjpj.k 'kekZ &
 fcgkjh lrlbZ Mk‚- gfjpj.k 'kekZ & 100-
 fcgkjh lrlbZ dk rqyukRed vè;;u & mfeZyk ikVhy &
170-
 fgUnh dkO; esa J`axkj ijEijk M- x.kifr pUæ xqIr &
37-
 fgUnh lkfgR; dks'k & ^ Hkfä jl * Mk‚- txnh'k xqIrA
 M‚ - fdj.k dqekjh xqIr% fcgkjh lEiknd Mk‚ - vkse
çdk'k & 103-

71