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/fhgLlts bnsf] u7aGwgsf sf/0f hgtfn] pgLx?n] v8f u/]sf] eg]sf] g]kfnL sf+u; ]| g]tT[ jsf] kfFr
cGo bnx?nfO{ lgjf{rg dxFuf] kg]{
pDd]bjf/nfO{ g} dtbfg ug{k' g]{ afWofTds cj:yf ;[hgf ePsf] bnLo u7aGwg xf] . of] u7aGwg s] cj:yf l;h{gf x'bF } uPsf] 5 .
5 . hgtfsf] oxL afWofTds cj:yfnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ lautdf xf] eGg] a'£gsf nflu ;a}eGbf klxn]
;a} txsf lgjf{rg alx:sf/ ub}{ cfPsf] g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] o;sf] lgdf{0fsfaf/]df yfxf kfpg' pgLx?n] ca ljleGg k|nf]eg lbP/
kb{5 . g]kfnL sf+u; ]| sf] g]tT[ jdf ag]sf]
of] k6s :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg k|of]u ug]{ gLlt lnPsf] 5 / kfFrbnLo u7aGwgdf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|,
lgjf{rgsf] kl/0ffdnfO{ ;xh} cfˆgf]
p;n] :yfgLo txdf :jR5 5lj / OdfGbf/ g]tfnfO{ pDd]bjf/ PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL, h;kf / /fli6«o kIfdf kfg{ g;Sg] cj:yf klg
hgdf]rf{ s;/L uf]na4 eO/x]sf 5g\
v8f ug]{, v8f x'g k|]l/t ug]{ / pgLx?sf] ;xof]u lng] clg eGg] d'Vo ljifo xf] . jf:tjdf of] OG8f] l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . hgkIfLo
pgLx?nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ atfPsf] 5 . g]skfsf] o; gLltn] yf]/} klZrdf /fhgLltnfO{ g] k fndf
eP): klg hgtfnfO{ :jR5 5lj / OdfGbf/ g]tf 5fGg] cj;/ ha/h:t nfu" u/fpg ag] s f]
pDd]bjf/sf ?kdf p7]/ hf] h;n]
k|bfg ug]{ b]lvG5 . u7aGwg xf] . cem 5f]6s/Ldf eGg'kbf{ ljho k|fKt ub{5g\, pgLx?n] cf–cfˆgf] 7fpFaf6 pbfx/0fLo sfd ug{;Sg] /
of] u7aGwg ljjfbf:kb cd]l/sL
t;y{, oxL j}zfv #) ut] x'g nfu]sf] :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgdf of]hgf Pd;L;L g]kfnsf] ;+;b\af6 cGo lgsfodf ePsf e|i6frf/nufotsf hglj/f]wL sfdx?sf] e08fkmf]/
cfdhgtfn] cfˆgf] bnLo / JolQmut ;DaGw / :jfy{nfO{ Tofu]/ kfl/t u/fpgsf nflu tTsfnLg Pdfn]
ug{;Sg] cj:yf klg /x]sf] 5 . g]skfn] cfufdL #) ut] x'g] elgPsf]
:jR5 5lj ePsf / OdfGbf/ g]tf 5fGg' kb{5 . cGoyf, k'gM g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/n] cfn6fn u/]/ gofF
lautdf h:t} :yfgLo lgsfo e|i6frf/sf] cv8f aGg] 5 eg]
lgjf{rgdfkm{t\ Ps jif{ yk nDAofpg lgjf{rgdf u/]sf] hgkIfLo pDd]bjf/ p7fpg] / r'gfjL d~rnfO{ /fhgLlts
vf] h ] k l5 tTsfnLg g] s kfsf]
ljsf;, lgdf{0f / hghLljsf rf}k6 x'g] lglZrt 5 . To;sf/0f, ;/sf/nfO{ eË u/]/ of] ;/sf/ k|rf/sf] dfWod agfpg] k|of]u ;kmn ePsf] v08df o;n] b]zsf] /fli6«o
agfOPsf] xf] . eGgsf nflu of]
cf;Gg :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgdf s'g} /fhgLlts bn / g]tfsf]
;/sf/sf] u7g )&@ sf] ;+ljwfgsf]
/fhgLltdf g} Pp6f cnUu} k/Dk/fsf] yfngL ug]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . of] ca jfd
k|efj / bafadf gk/L Ps :jfledfgL / lhDd]jf/ gful/ssf] /Iffsf nflu ePsf] eGg] ul/P klg a'l4hLljx?sf aLrdf ax;sf] ljifo agfOg' kb{5 .
e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{ /fi6«, /fli6«otf / hghLljsfsf kIfdf v/f] oyfy{df of] ;/sf/ ax'bF nLo ;+;bLo
?kdf v8f x'g] pDd]bjf/nfO{ lahoL agfcf}F . cGoyf M cfufdL Joj:yfsf] d"ndd{ cyf{t bnLo k6s ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 3f]if0ffkq, sf/0f cGo ;+;bjfbL bnx?nfO{ of] lbg' g } xf] . o; k6s g] s kfn]
Joj:yfsf] dd{, dd{dfly k|xf/ u/]/ ljleGg :yfgdf p7fPsf pDd]bjf/ / lgjf{ r g sl7geGbf sl7g x' g ] ck|Toflzt?kdf b]zsf ljleGg :yfgdf
lbg 3f]/ cGwsf/do / si6s/ x'g] lglZrt 5, r]tgf eof . u7g ul/Psf] xf] . o;n] s]xL JolQm / r'gfj k|rf/sf] z}nLn] ubf{ ;f] cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . of] :jtGq?kn] hgkIfLo pDd]bjf/
;d"xx?sf] lglxt :jfy{sf nflu kf6L{;d]t jfdkGyL g/x]sf] :ki6 lgjf{ r gdf g] s kf dfn] / p7fPsf sf/0f cGo bnx?nfO{ lgjf{rg
ljnf;L ;fdfg cfoft ug{ aGb]h Û
sf7df8f}F . ;/sf/n] ljnf;L ;fdfg s'/d'/,] n]h / o:t} pTkfbgx?, ;a}
;+;bLo ax'bF nLo Joj:yfs} x'dt{ lng]
sfd ul//x]sf] :ki6 5 . h;/L Pp6f
u/]sf] 5 . Pdfn]n] dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| /
PsLs[t ;dfhjfbLsf cWoIfx?nfO{
g]dlskfnufotsf cGo sDo'lgi6
kf6L{x?n] klg ljleGg lgjf{rg If]qdf
dxFuf] kg]{ cj:yf l;h{gf x'bF } uPsf]
5 . pgLx?n] ca ljleGg k|nf]eg
cfoft ug{ aGb]h nufPsf] 5 . pBf]u k|sf/sf tof/L dlb/f, r'/f]6 tyf kf6L{sf] ;+;bLo bnsf] g]tfnfO{ cGo /fhfjfbL g] t f 8f= s] z /h+ u pDd]bjf/L lbPsf ;dfrf/x? aflx/ lbP/ lgjf{rgsf] kl/0ffdnfO{ ;xh}
jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfnon] d+unaf/ ;'tL{hGo j:t' -sRrf kbfy{ Nofpg eg] bnsf ;f+ ; bx?n] bn abnsf /fodfemL;Fu bfFhs ] f] 5 eg] pQm b'O{ cfPsf 5g\ . pgLx?n] /fi6« / cfºgf] kIfdf kfg{ g;Sg] cj:yf klg
g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt u/]sf] 5'6 5_, lx/f -cf}Bf]lus sRrf kbfy{ dfWodaf6 ;dy{ g u/] / b] z sf] kf6L{sf g]tfx?n] Pdfn]sf vf;u/L /fli6«otfsf ;fy} hgtfsf hNbfaNbf l;h{ g f ePsf] 5 . hgkIfLo
ljj/0fcg';f/, ljnf;L pkef]Uo ;fdfg Nofpg 5'6 5_, df]afOn ;]6, /+uLg sfo{sf/L k|dv ' k|wfgdGqL agfpg] sfd cWoIf s]kL cf]nLsf] JolQmut?kdf s'/fx? p7fP klg pgLx?sf] pDd]bjf/L pDd]bjf/sf ?kdf p7]/ hf] h;n]
g]kfn cfoft ug{ /f]ss ] f] xf] . dGqfnosf 6]lnlehg -#@ O~reGbf dflysf_ u/]/ To;}nfO{ a}wflgstf k|bfg ul/of], cfnf]rgf ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;s];Dd lhTgsf nflu xf] . To;}n] ljho k|fKt ub{5g\, pgLx?n] cf–cfºgf]
cg';f/ c;f/ d;fGt;Ddsf nflu eGb} Nofpg kfOg] 5}g . To;n] ax'bF nLo ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] pgLx?n] cGo bnx?;Fu j}rfl/s ;+3if{ pgLx?n] lhTgsf nflu cGo ;+;b\jfbL 7fpFaf6 pbfx/0fLo sfd ug{;Sg] /
cfoftdf /f]s nufOPsf] xf] . dGqfnon] o:t}, hLk, sf/ / Eofgx? - d"ndd{dfly g} k|xf/ ePsf] 5 . ;f] ;~rfn gug]{ k|of;;Dd klg u/]sf bnx?n] k|of]u ug]{ r'gfjL xys08f;d]t cGo lgsfodf ePsf
s"6gLlts lgof]usf clwsf/Lx?nfO{ eg] PDa'nG] ; / zjjfxg k|of]hgsf nflu 36gfn] ljBdfg ;+ljwfg lgik|efjL 5}gg\ . h;n] ubf{ Pdfn], dfcf]jfbL k|of]u ug{;Sg] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . e| i 6frf/nufotsf hglj/f] w L
oL ;fdfg Nofpg aGb]h nfu" gx'g] Nofpg kfOg] _ , @%) ;L;LeGbf eO;s]sf] cj:yf xf] . of] kfFr bnLo s]Gb| / PsLs[t ;dfhjfbLnufotsf qmflGtsf/L dfcf]jfbLnufotsf s]xL sfdx?sf] e08fkmf]/ ug{;Sg] cj:yf
hgfPsf] 5 . o;}u/L j}zfv !# ut]cl3 dflyNnf] Ifdtfsf df]6/;fOsn, ;a} u7aGwgn] o; k6s cfk"mx?sf kf6L{x? Ps} 8\ofªsfh:tf b]lvPsf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?n] lgjf{rgsf] ;lqmo klg /x]sf] 5 . g]skfn] cfufdL #)
a}l+ sª k|lqmof k"/f u/]sfx?sf] xsdf k|sf/sf v]nf}gfx? / v]Ng] tf; aLrdf s]Gb|Lo txaf6} r'gfjL tfnd]n 5g\ . pgLx?n] b]zsf] ljsf; / alxisf/ ug]{ gLlt lnPsf 5g\ . t/, ut] x'g] elgPsf] lgjf{rgdf u/]sf]
klg aGb]h nfu" x'g] 5}g . ca s'/s'/,] Nofpg gkfOg] /fhkqdf pNn]v 5 . ug]{ k|of; u/] klg :yfgLo:t/af6 kl/jt{sf] d'2fnfO{ ;d]t 7Ls 9+un] pgLx?sf] alxisf/sf] z}nL k'/fgf] ePsf hgkIfLo pDd]bjf/ p7fpg] / r'gfjL
w]/} 7fpFdf To;sf] pNn+3g / sltko p7fpg g;s]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . sf/0f ;f] cleofg ck]lIft?kdf d~rnfO{ /fhgLlts k|rf/sf] dfWod
!! b]lv !% j6f jfl0fHo a}+s eP k'Ug] Û :yfgdf lab|fx] ;d]t ePsf] 5 . kfFr
bnLo u7aGwgsf d'Vo g]tfx?n]
-of] lgjf{rgsf] t]>f] kIf eg]sf]
g]qljqmd rGb g]tT[ jsf] g]skf xf] .
;kmntftkm{ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5}g . of]
lgjf{rgnfO{ dfWod agfP/ zf]lift
agfpg] k|of]u ;kmn ePsf] v08df
o;n] b]zsf] /fli6«o /fhgLltdf g} Pp6f
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn /fi6« a}s+ n] klg a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] ;+Vof 36fpg sltko :yfgdf ha/h:t cfkmGtnfO{ h;n] b] z sf ljleGg :yfgdf kLl8t g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ;+ul7t / cnUu} k/Dk/fsf] yfngL ug]{ b]lvPsf]
dh{/ tyf k|flKt gLlt nfu" u/]sf] 5 . lbP/ dh{/ ug{' kg]{ atfPsf x'g\ . pDd] b jf/ agfpg] k| o f; u/] s f :jtGq?kdf s] x L hgkIfLo k|lzlIft ug'k{ g]d{ f To;df sdL cfPsf] 5 . of] ca jfd a'l4hLljx?sf aLrdf
dh{/ gLltn] ljsf; a}s + , kmfOgfG; / To:t}, !*=^ k|ltztn] :j]lR5s dh{/, 36gfx? klg b]lvPsf 5g\ . g]sf+sf pDd]bjf/x? v8f u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . b]lvPsf] 5 . To;}n] xfnsf] cj:yf eg]sf] ax;sf] ljifo agfOg' kb{5 .
n3'ljQsf] ;+Vof pNn]Vo ?kdf 36fP !@=! k|ltztn] kmf;{ lau dh{/
klg jfl0fHo a}s
5}g . /fi6« a}s
+ x?sf] ;+Vof vf;} 36]sf] ug{k' g]{ atfPsf 5g\ . ;"rgf k|ljlwsf]
+ n] jfl0fHo a}s + x?nfO{ hf] l vd k| d ' v ;d:ofsf] ?kdf
;efklt b]pjfnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg
cys k|of; u/]sf] u'0f ltg]{ k|of;
ubf{ lrtjgdf g]kfnL sf+u; ]| sf] kf6L{
g]sf+ / dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|nufotsf
bnx?n] g]skfn] lgjf{rg k|of]hgsf
nflu bn btf{ ug{ rfx]sf] v08df
kf]n ef8f gltg]{ OG6/g]6 ;]jfk|bfossf] ljB't\ nfOg sfl6g]
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] ljB't\ kf]ndf 6fFluPsf clK6sn
dh{/df hfg k|fT] ;fxg ug{ …lau dh{/Údf b]lvPsf] tyf dh{/n] alnof] ljQLo ;+u7gd} e'Or F fnf] uPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ cg'/f]w ug{ ;lsg] kmfOa/ tfGgsf nflu ;Demf}tf gug]{ / ef8f gltg]{ OG6/g]6 ;]jfk|bfossf]
hfg] a}s+ x?nfO{ ! bh{g a9L ;'ljwf lbP ;+ : yf agfpg] ;' e mfj cWoog s]Gb|sf cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfnn] atfPsf lyP . PsLs[t ;dfhjfbLsf ljB't\ nfOg h'g;'s} a]nf sf6\g ;Sg] r]tfjgL lbPsf] 5 . s]xL ;]jfk|bfosn]
klg ck]lIft glthf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . k|ltj]bgdf 5 . lglxt :jfy{sf nflu g]kfnL sf+u; ]| ;Fu g]tfx?n] g]skf lgjf{rgdf cfpg] ePsf] cf+lzs If]qsf] dfq kf]n ef8f ;Demf}tf u/]sf] tyf s]xL ;]jfk|bfosx¿n]
o;} a Lr, g] k fn /fi6« a} + s n] o;} a Lr, g] k fn /fi6« a} + s n] ;xsfo{ u/]sf] / ;f] ;xsfo{sf sf/0f v08df 3f]if0ff eO;s]sf] lgjf{rg klg ;Demf}tf g} gu/L ljB'tLo ;+/rgf k|of]u ul//x]sf] eGb} k|flws/0fn] o:tf]
g]kfndf !! b]lv !% j6feGbf w]/} lxdfnog a}s + / g]kfn OGe]:6d]G6 ;f] kf6L{df cfGtl/s c;Gtf]if a9]/ s]xL ;do k/ ;fg{ ;lsg] wf/0ff JoQm ;"rgf hf/L u/]sf] xf] . …To:tf ;]jfk|bfos ;+:yfx¿n] @)&( j}zfv d;fGtleq
jfl0fHo a}s+ cfjZos gePsf] lgisif{ a}+snfO{ sf/afxL u/]sf] 5 . dh{/ uPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . b]ze/ lab|fx] L u/]sf] b]lvPsf] lyof] . t/, g]skfn] ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf] ;DalGwt If]qsf] k|fb]lzs sfof{nodf ;Dks{ u/L lgodfg';f/
lgsfn]sf] 5 . /fi6« a}+sn] u/]sf] tf]8]sf] eGb} /fi6« a}+sn] oL b'O{ pDd]bjf/ p7\gx] ?sf] ;+Vof g]sf+ / lgjf{rg k|of]hgsf nflu kf6L{ btf{ ;Demf}tf ug{, gjLs/0f ug{ / xfn;Dd afFsL aSof}tf /x]sf] ef8f /sd
…clK6dn gDa/ ckm kmfOgflG;on a}+sx¿nfO{ sf/afxL u/]sf] xf] . b'O{ dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf a9L x'g'n] klg ug{ rfx]g . ;f] kf6L{n] b]zsf ljleGg e'QmfgL ug{' x'g\ k'gM of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5,Ú k|flws/0fn] eg]sf] 5 .
OlG;Ro';g Og g]kfnÚ cWoogn] o:tf] a}s + aLr dh{/df hfg] ;xdlt ePsf] pk/f]Qm s'/fsf] k'li7 u/]sf] 5 . g]sf+ efudf :jtGq?kdf hgkIfLo ;fy} gofF ;Demf}tf geP;Dd gofF nfOg lj:tf/sf] sfo{ gug{ gu/fpg
lgisif{ lgsfn]sf xf] . /fi6« a}+sn] lyof] . t/, dh{ / ;DkGg geO / dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|nufotsf ;+;bjfbL pDd]bjf/ v8f ul/lbFbf vf;u/L o;cl3 g} k6s–k6s ;"lrt ul/;lsPsf] eGb} k|flws/0fn] lgodfg';f/
a}+ssf] ;+Vof 36fpg] p2]Zon] a}+s efFl8of] . /fi6« a}s + sf] a}s+ ;'k/Lj]If0f bnx?n] klg lgjf{rgnfO{ s]xL g]tfx?sf] cfk"mnfO{ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ePsf] bfaL ;Demf}tf gug]{ ;]jfk|bfos ;+:yfx¿sf] ;DalGwt If]qsf] sfof{nosf] ljB't\
tyf ljQLo ;+ : yfsf ;LO{ c f] , ljefun] lbPsf] hfgsf/Lcg';f/ b'j} :jfy{k"lt{ ug{sf nflu k|of]u ug{ ub}{ cfPsf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|, PsLs[t nfOg g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f ljB't\ ljt/0f lgodfjnLcg';f/ h'g;'s} ;dodf
;~rfns, lj1 u/L @#) hgfdf a}s + sf cfwf/e"t ;]o/wgLsf] sf/f]af/ vf]hs ] f cgluGtL pbfx/0fx? /x]sf ;dfhjfbL / /fli6«o hgdf]rf{nfO{ 7"nf] sf6\g ;lsg] / o;af6 lg:sg] kl/0ffdsf] lhDd]jf/ ;DalGwt ;]jfk|bfos
;j]I{ f0f u/]sf] lyof] . ;f]xL ;j]I{ f0fdf / nfef+z /f]Ssf ePsf] 5 . ut jif{sf] 5g\ . of] lgjf{rgsf] bf]>f] kIf eg]sf] r'gf}tL b]vfk/]sf] 5 . lsgls dfcf]jfbL ;+:yf g} x'g] r]tfjgL lbPsf] xf] .
;xefuL ePsf %&=! k|ltztn] !! j}zfv #) ut] dh{/df hfg] ;xdlt Pdfn] xf] . h;n] cfufdL :yfgLo s]Gb|n] cfˆgf] 3f]if0ffkq g} ;fa{hlgs o;cl3 k|flws/0fn] ;Demf}tfdf gcfpg] / ljB't\ kf]nsf] ef8f gltg]{
b]lv !% j6f a}s + eP k'Ug] atfPsf u/]sf b'O{ a}+s sl/a Ps jif{;Dd lgjf{rg PSn} n8\g] 3f]if0ff u/] klg u/]sf] 5}g eg] PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL / OG6/g]6 ;]jfk|bfossf] clK6sn kmfOa/ g} sf6\g] sfo{ u/]sf] lyof] . To;af6
x'g\ . To:t}, !&=! k|ltztn] % b]lv klg dh{/df guPkl5 /fi6« a}s + n] ljleGg :yfgdf /fk|kfb]lv g]kfnL /fhdf]n] ;+lIfKt 3f]if0ffkq ;fj{hlgs b]zsf ljleGg 7fpFdf cTofjZos OG6/g]6 ;]jf g} cj?4 x'g yfn]kl5 pmhf{
!) j6f, !&=! k|ltztn] g} !% b]lv sf/afxL :j?k b'j} a}s + sf cfwf/e"t sf+u; ]| ;Fu ;d]t r'gfjL tfnd]n u/]sf] u/] klg To;df larf/ kIfnfO{ s'g} dGqfno, ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno, g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0f /
@) j6f / *=^ k|ltztn] @) b]lv ;]o/wgLsf] sf/f]af/ / nfef+z /f]Ssf b]lvPsf] 5 . /fk|kf g]kfn / kl/jf/ :yfg lbPsf 5}gg\ . g]skfsf tkm{af6 OG6/g]6 ;]jfk|bfosaLr ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu sfo{bn g} u7g ul/Psf]
@% j6f jfl0fHo a}s + cfjZos ePsf] u/]sf] xf] . b'j} a}s + nfO{ k'gM csf]{ bnnufotsf sltko blIf0fkGyL kf6L{ o;/L v8f ePsf pDd]bjf/x?n] b]zLo lyof] . a[l4 ul/Psf] ef8f ;dfof]hg u/]/ ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{k' g]{ ;'emfj pQm
atfPsf 5g\ . ;j]{df ;xefuL emG8} ;+:yf;Fu dh{/df hfg ;d]t /fi6« a}s + n] / zlQmsf pDd]bjf/x?n] t Pdfn]sf] ;fdGtjfb / ljb]zL ;fd|fHojfbsf] sfo{bnn] lbPsf] lyof] . ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] PstkmL{ ?kdf rsf]{ kf]n ef8f
b'O{ ltxfOn] a}s+ x?nfO{ ;x'lnot lbP/ lgb]z { g lbPsf] 5 . /fi6« a}s
+ sf] lgb]z{ g r'gfj lrGx ;"os { f] k|of]u ub}5 { g\ / v'n/] lj/f]w u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . h;n] a9fPsf] eGb} OG6/g]6 ;]jfk|bfosx¿ To;sf] lj/f]wdf 5g\ . a[l4 ul/Psf]
dh{/ ug{'kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf 5g\ . kl5 lxdfnog a}s + n] dh{/sf nflu ;f]xL kf6L{sf] l;kmfl/;df pDd]bjf/L ubf{ w]/s
} f] Wofg g]skfsf] kxndf ePsf kf]nef8f lkmtf{ lng'kg]{ cGoyf cfk"mx¿n] ;d]t OG6/g]6sf] z'Ns a9fpg
;xefuLdWo] ^!=$ k|ltztn] OG;]lG6e 5nkmn ;d]t cl3 a9fPsf] 5 . bflvnf u/]sf 5g\ . lgjf{rg cfof]un] hgkIfLo pDd]bjf/Ltkm{ cfslif{t x'g kfpg'kg]{ dfu OG6/g]6 ;]jk|bfosx¿sf] 5 .
 @)&( ;fn j}zfv !* ut] cfOtaf/
;ftfsf] s'/fsfgL
) ev{/} tkfO{+x¿n] kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo
;ldltsf] !@ cf}F a}7s ;DkGg
ug{'ePsf] 5, a}7sdf Jofks
ax; klg ePsf] a' l ´of] ,
oxfF n ] !@ cf} F a} 7 ssf
cg' e " l t / lg0f{ o af/] s;/L
JofVof ug{ ' x ' G 5 <
/fd|f] k|Zg ug{e
' of] . ;fFrf] xf] ls
xfd| f ] kf6L{ s f] afx| f } F k" 0 f{ a} 7 s
/fhgLlts lg0f{ox¿ / cg'e"ltsf
b[li6n] s]xL gf}nf] / ljlzi6 vfnsf]
/Xof] . vf;u/L a}7saf6 xfdLn]
ljZjnfO{ s;/L x]gk'{ 5{, g]kfn, qmflGt,
kf6L{ s f] e" l dsf / o;n] lng]
sfo{gLltnfO{ s;/L x]g{'k5{ eGg]
ljifodf h;/L ax; u¥of}{F / lgisif{
lgsfNof}F, tL lgs} leGg /x] . h:tf]
ls ljZj kl/l:yltnfO{ ljZn]if0f ub}{
kf6L{n] ljZj ;fDojfbL qmflGtsf nflu
cg'sn " kl/l:ylt aGb} uPsf] lgisif{
lgsfn]sf] 5 . d'VotM ;g\ !(() sf]
bzsb]lv ;'? ePsf] cd]l/sL Ps
„'jLo ljZj l;l/of x'bF } o'qm]go'4df
k'u]/ ;dfKt ePsf] 5 . ljZj ax'„'j
of b'O{ „'jdf ljeflht aGg k'us ] f]
5 . Psflt/ cd]l/sf–la|6]g;lxtsf]
„' j v8f 5 eg] csf] { l t/ ?;–
rLg;lxtsf] „'j v8f ePsf] 5 . o;n]
s'g} klg sdhf]/ b]zdf Pp6f dfq
zlQm/fi6«sf] k|e'Tj ;Dej g/xg]
cj:yf agfOlbPsf] 5 . csf] {
k'hF LjfbL o'4 eg]sf] Wj+; dfq lbg]
o'4 xf] . o;n] >lds hgtfsf] lxtdf
s'g} ;'vb\ kl/0ffd NofpFb}g . To;n]
>lds hgtfdf ;fDojfbL r]tgf /
;fDojfbL qmflGtsf] dxTjaf] w
u/fOlbG5 . xfdLn] eg]sf 5f}F, @!
cf}F zbL ;fDojfbL qmflGtsf nflu
k'g/f]Tyfgsfn aGg ;S5 .
g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts l:yltsf]
ljZn]if0f ub}{ kf6L{n] eg]sf] 5,
g]kfndf bnfn k'FhLjfbL ;Qf /
;+;bLo Joj:yf k"/} c;kmn aGg
k'us ] f] 5 . ;+;b\ bnfnx¿sf] eL8df
ablnPsf] 5 . ;+;bLo Joj:yf b]z
/ hgtfsf] /Iff ug{ c;kmn eP/
cfˆgf] cf}lrTj ;dfKt kf/]sf] 5 .
csf] { l t/ b] z eQm, k| u ltzLn,
sDo'lg:6 zlQmx¿n] xfd|f] kf6L{dfly
e/f];f /fv]sf 5g\ . o;n] klg
g] k fndf j} 1 flgs ;dfhjfbL–
;fDojfbL qmflGtsf] cg' s " n tf
a9fOlbPsf] 5 . xfdLn] s]xL /0fgLlts
dxTTjsf ljifo;lxt P]ltxfl;s gjf}F
dxflwj]zg oxL kmfu'g,–r}tdf ug]{
;f] r ] s f lyof} F t/ k' ; ÷df3df
km}lnPsf] cf]ldqmf]g efO/;sf] k|efj,
/fi6«3ftL Pd;L;L lj/f]wL ;ª\3if{ /
;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] :yfgLo r'gfjsf
sf/0f tTsfn ;Dej /x]g . tyflk
cfpFbf] d+l;/leq dxflwj]zg ;DkGg
ug]{ lg0f{o lnPsf 5f}F . Pd;L;L lj/f]wL
;ª\3if{ s]jn /fli6«o :jfwLgtf;Fu
dfq hf]l8Psf] ljifo g/x]/ hgtfsf]
clwsf/;Fu klg hf]l8Psf] hgjfbsf]
ljifo klg aGg k'u]sf] 5 . /fli6«otf
/ hgjfbsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{'
eg]sf] ;f/df g]kfnL qmflGtnfO{ ;DkGg
ug]{ ljifo g} x'G5 . o;/L x]bf{ klg
g]kfnL qmflGtsf] ;Defjgf c¿ cg'sn " hxfF;Dd :yfgLo r'gfjnfO{ kf6L{n]
aGg k'us ] f] 5 . ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf]
:yfgLo lgjf{rg glhs cfPsf]
;Gbe{df of] df]rf{df s;/L n8\g]
alx:sf/ u/]/, ;z:q alx:sf/ u/]/
of kf6L{ r'gfjdf xf]ldP/ eGg] ax;
;zQm k|sf/n] eof] . cGtdf xfdLn]
lgisif{ lgsfNb} eGof}F kf6L{ btf{ u/]/
r'gfjsf] pkof]u gug]{ t/ Pd;L;L
lj/f] w L Pjd\ /fi6« 3 ftlj/f] w L
k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ ;xefuL agfpg] /
;xof]u ug{' pko'Qm x'g5 ] . ;fy},
;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] e08fkmf]/ /
hgdt;+u|xsf] kIfdf k|rf/ ub}{
hfg'kb{5 . clxn] kf6L{ oxL sfo{gLltdf
b[9tfk"j{s cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 .
) kf6L{n] cf;Gg :yfgLo
r'gfjaf/] cln km/s
sfo{gLlt lnPsf] s'/f ug{'eof],
of] eg]sf] s] xf] <
xf], ;+;bLo r'gfjnfO{ xfn;Dd
sDo'lg:6x¿n] a9L h;f] alx:sf/,
;z:q alx:sf/ / pkof]u ug]{ tl/sf
k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . xfdLn] klg kf6L{
k'gu{7gb]lv alx:sf/ ub}{ cfPsf lyof}F .
of] k6ssf] :yfgLo r'gfjnfO{ s] ug]{
eGg]df nfdf] 5nkmn u/]kl5 kf6L{ btf{
u/]/ r'gfjsf] pkof]u gug]{ t/ b]zeQm,
hgjfbL k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ ;xefuL
agfpg] / ;xof]u ug]{ eGg] lg0f{o u/]sf
5f}F . of] sfo{gLlt s]xL gofF 5 t/ of]
clxn]sf] ;Gbe{df ;xL 5 .
) tkfO{ + x ¿ clxn] s f] ;+ ; bLo
Joj:yf / ;+ l jwfg;F u
c;xdt x' F b } ;ª\ 3 if{ d f
/xg' e Psf] kf6L{ , clxn]
r' g fjsf] k| o f] u ug] { lg0f{ o
lng' e of] , s] sf/0fn] o:tf]
lgisif{df k'Ug'eof] cyjf of]
lg0f{o lng'sf k5fl8 s] s'/fn]
k|]l/t u/] h:tf] nfU5 <
xfdLn] :ki6 u/] s f 5f} F ls
;}4flGts ¿kn] ;+;bLo Joj:yf
>lds hgtfsf] Joj:yf xf]Og, of]
d' ¶ Le/ bnfn k' F h Lklt ju{ ,
;fd|fHojfbL / pgLx¿sf bnfnx¿s}
Joj:yf xf] . of] Joj:yfsf] r'gfjaf6
b] z / hgtfsf] kIfdf cfd" n
kl/jt{ g ug{ ;Dej 5} g . of]
Joj:yfnfO{ >lds hgtfsf] anåf/f
g} ldNsfpg'k5{ . oBlk clxn]sf]
:yfgLo r'gfjsf] sfo{gLlt s]xL gof“ / ;xL 5
x/]s sfo{gLlt eg]sf] ;ª\3if{sf] df]rf{ xf], of] kl/l:ylthGo, c:yfoL,
tfTsflns Pjd\ kl/jt{gzLn x'G5 . xfd|f] r'gfjL sfo{gLlt klg j}zfv #)
ut];Dd k'u/] gofF sfo{gLltdf ablng]5 .
)))
xfd|f] h:tf] b]z hxfF >lds hgtf bnfn k'h
;dfhjfbL–;fDojfbL qmflGtlt/ cfslif{t ePsf 5g\, ljZj kl/l:yltn] d2t g} ug]5{ .
)))
h'g qmflGtdf ;fj{ef}ldstf / df}lnstf ldl;Fbg} , Tof] qmflGt ;kmn x'bF g} .
)))
PsLs[t hgqmflGt g} o:tf] xltof/ xf], h;n] oxf“sf] k|ltlqmofjfbL bnfn k'h
;QfnfO{ ;dfKt kfl/lbg]5 .
cj:yfdf olb ;+;bjfbL zlQmx¿
tof/ ePdf xfdLn] hgdt ;+ux| åf/f
klg kl/jt{g ug{ ;Dej 5 eGg]
sfo{gLlt lnPsf 5f}F . x/]s sfo{gLlt
eg] s f] ;ª\ 3 if{ s f] df] r f{ xf] , of]
kl/l:ylthGo, c:yfoL, tfTsflns
Pjd\ kl/jt{gzLn x'G5 . xfd|f] r'gfjL
sfo{gLlt klg j}zfv #) ut];Dd
k'u]/ gofF sfo{gLltdf ablng]5 .
alx:sf/ klg gug]{ kf6L{ btf{ u/]/
pkof]u klg gug]{ t/ b]zeQm,
hgjfbL zlQmx¿nfO{ ;xeflu agfpg]
/ ;xof]u ug]{ eGg] sfo{gLlt lnPsf]
5Ù o;sf k5fl8 s]xL dxTjk"0f{
sf/0fx¿ /x]sf] xfd|f] b:tfj]hdf :ki6
5 . klxnf] xfdL b' O { jif{ s f]
k|ltaGwkl5 hgtf;Fu v'Nnf sfo{df
;xefuL aGg cfPsf 5f}F . xfdLn] lng]
sfo{gLltn] o;nfO{ afwf kfg{'x'Fb}g .
bf];f| ] k|ltaGwsf sf/0f hg;DaGw /
kf6L{ ;ª\u7gdf 6'6]sf s8Lx¿nfO{
rf/}lt/ hf]8\g cfjZos 5 . t];|f],
b]zdf /fi6«3ftL / /fi6«jfbL, b]zeQm
/ bnfnx¿sf aLrdf Jofks
„'jLs/0fsf] ;Defjgf k}bf ePsf] 5,
o;nfO{ ks8\g cfjZos 5, t];|f]
xfdL ;x/ / ufpFF b'j}nfO{ PsLs[t
k|sf/n] hf]8\g rfxG5f}F . rf}yf], xfd|f
o' j f sd/] 8 x¿ clxn] klg #%
hgfeGbf a9L h] n d} x' g ' x ' G 5 .
pxfFx¿nfO{ d'Qm ug{'kg]{5 . kfFrf}F,
b] z eQm zlQm / qmflGtsf/L
ldqx¿nfO{ Pstfa4 u/]/ a9\g
cfjZos 5 . 5}7f}F, xfd|f cfwf/
ufpFFx¿nfO{ ;+;bjfbL kf6L{x¿sf]
xftdf 5f] 8 \ g ' x ' F b } g . oL o:tf
sf/0fx¿ x' g \ , h;n] xfdLnfO{
r'gfjaf/] xfnsf] sfo{gLlt lng k|l] /t
u/]sf 5g\ .
) clnslt afXo kl/l:yltaf/]
s' / f ubf{ oxfF x ¿n] cfhsf]
ljZjnfO{ ax' w | ' j Lo /
;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] nflu
jftfj/0f aGb} uPsf] cy{ d f
ljZn] i f0f ug{ ' e Psf] 5,
o;nfO{ s;/L a' ‰ bf ;xL
xf] n f <
tkfO{n + ] eGg'ePsf] ;xL xf] . afx|fF}
s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] ljZj kl/l:ylt
;fDojfbL qmflGtsf] cg's"n aGb}
uPsf] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf] 5, hf] ;xL
/ j:t'jfbL 5 . of] lgisif{sf k5fl8
s]xL dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/ 5g\ . h:tf]
ls () sf] bzsaf6 ;'? ePsf]
cd]l/sL Ps „'jLo ljZj o'qm]g o'4;Fu}
;dfKt ePsf] 5 . o;n] s'g} klg
sdhf]/ b]zdf Pp6} zlQmsf] Psn
lgoGq0f ;Dej x'bF g} . bf];f| ,] ljZjn]
cfh h;/L k'FhLjfbL o'4 ´]ln/x]sf]
3
F LjfbL ;Qfaf6 cflht eP/ j}1flgs
“ LjfbL
ljKnj– dxf;lrj, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
5, k'FhLjfbL o'4n] >lds hgtfnfO{ of] aG5 eGg] ljZjf; 5 . pbfx/0fsf klxn] kf6L{ agfpFbf klg s]xL 8fª8'ª
Wj+;afx]s s]xL lbFb}g . h'g;'s} nflu Pd;L;Llj?4sf] ;ª\3if{df kfg]{ ;Qfdf k'Ug] v]n xf] eGy] . kl5
k'FhLjfbL b]zn] lht] klg nfe lng] g]kfndf la/n} b]lvg] Pp6f 36gf dfcf] j fbL s] G b| ; F u Pstf u5{ g \
tL b]zsf k'FhLjfbL ju{n] g} xf], b]lvof], b]zsf ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L, eGy] . ltg} tTjx¿n] clxn] g]skf
hgtfn] s]xL kfpFbg} g\ . k'hF LjfbL o'4 g]kfn k|x/Laf6 cjsf;k|fKt sdfG8/ ;+;bjfbL sDo'lg:6x¿s} af6f]df
/ ljWj+;n] hgtfnfO{ ;fDojfbL / l;kfxLx¿ ;+ul7t k|sf/n] /fli6«o cfP eG5g\ . o:tf] k|rf/ ug]{x¿
qmflGtsf] dxTj / cfjZostfaf]w :jfwLgtfsf] kIfdf plqP . of] ;fdfGo of ;+ ; bjfbdf gfsd' v 8' a fP/
u/fOlbG5 . ;DejtM of] ztfAbL k'gM xf]Og, o;n] ;a}lt/ k|efj k5{ g} . sDo'lg:6 r]t u'dfPsf ;+;bjfbL
;fDojfbL qmflGtsf] kIfdf 9lNsg]5 . g]kfndf b]zeQmx¿ d'VotM rf/If]qdf uf]a|]ls/fx¿ x'g\ of xfd|f] kf6L{sf]
t];|f], xfd|f] h:tf] b]z hxfF >lds lqmofzLn 5g\ eGg] xfd|f] a'´fO 5 . ;kmntf / prfOaf6 eolet ePsf
hgtf bnfn k'FhLjfbL ;Qfaf6 Pp6f g]kfnsf w]/}h;f] /fhgLlts ;fd| f HojfbL / pgLx¿sf
cflht eP/ j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL– kf6L{x¿leq b]zeQm g]tf–sfo{stf{x¿ rf6'sf/x¿ x'g\ of t @! cf}F zbLsf]
;fDojfbL qmflGtlt/ cfslif{t ePsf 5g\ . bf];|f], b]zsf ;'/Iff If]qdf qmflGtsf] df}lns sfo{lbzf, /0fgLlt
5g\, ljZj kl/l:yltn] d2t g} ug]5 { . b]zeQm clws[t / ;b:ox¿ 5g\ . / sfo{ g Lltx¿sf ;' ; + u l7t
) k l 5 N n f ] k 6 s t];|f], sd{rf/Lleq klg b]zeQmx¿ z[ª\vnfnfO{ a'‰g g;s]/ xfjfdf
Pd;L;Llj?4sf] 5g\ . rf} y f] , ljleGg pBf] u ef}Ftfl/Psf ?9LjfbL, h8, oflGqs
b] z eQmx¿sf] a[ x t\ df] r f{ Joj;foLx¿leq klg b]zeQmx¿ Pjd\ cj;/jfbL tTjx¿ x'g\ . oL
lgdf{ 0 fsf] s' / f klg 5g\ . pgLx¿n] jf:tjdf b]zsf] s'g} klg tTjx¿n] ug]{ :ofnx'OFofn]
ul//xg' e Psf] 5, of] s;/L :jfwLgtfsf kIfdf lgs} 7"nf] ;xof]u s]xL km/s kg]{jfnf 5}g . j:t'ut
x'G5 / b]zeQm eg]/ xfdLn] klg ul//x]sf 5g\ . xfd|f] ljrf/ 5 w/ftn 5f]8]sf tTjx¿ s/fpF5g\ /
s–s;nfO{ a' ‰ g] < ls Pslbg oL ;a} zlQmnfO{ /fi6« x/fpF5g\ . xfd|f] kf6L{ ;+;bLo Joj:yf,
7Ls eGg'eof], Pd;L;Ldf eofgs ¿kfGt/0fsf kIfdf p7fpg ;lsG5 bnfn k' F h LjfbL ;Qf, PsLs[ t
/fi6« 3 ft ePkl5 xfdLn] b] z sf] / b]znfO{ gofF Joj:yfdf v8f ug{ hgqmflGt, j} 1 flgs ;dfhjfb–
:jfwLgtfsf] /Iffsf nflu b'O{j6f ;lsG5 . ;fDojfbaf/] Ps c+z klg cndndf
zlQmaLrsf] a[ x t\ df] r f{ a GbL / ) kf6L{ n ] r' g fjL sfo{ g Llt 5}g . xfdL qmflGt u5f{}F t/ xfd|}
;xsfo{df hf]8 lbPsf 5f}F . To;df agfPkl5 oxfF x ¿ klg cGo df}lns Pjd\ ;[hgfTds tl/sfn]
b]zeQm zlQm Pp6f xf] eg] csf]{ ;+;bjfbL sDo'lg:6x¿s} u5f{}F . h'g qmflGtdf ;fj{ef}ldstf
k|ultzLn Pjd\ sDo'lg:6 zlQmx¿ af6f] d f cfOk' U g' e of] elgG5 / df}lnstf ldl;Fb}g, Tof] qmflGt
x'g\ . ha b]zeQm / sDo'lg:6 lg, o;nfO{ s;/L k|:6 ;kmn x'Fb}g . xfdL dfn]dfjfbk|lt
zlQmx¿ Pstfa4 x'G5g\ / ;ª\3if{sf] kfg{ ' x ' G 5 < hlt ;r]t / k|lta4 5f}FÙ Tolts}
df]rf{df efu lnG5g\, ta l:yltn] xf], d}n] klg o:tf] k|rf/ ;'g]sf] PsLs[ t hgqmflGt / g] k fnL
gofF df]8 kqmG5 . o:tf] cj:yf 5' . x'g t xfd|f] nflu of] s'g} gofF df}lnstfdf klg :ki6 5f}F . PsLs[t
klxnf] / bf];|f] ljZjo'4 jl/kl/ ?;, k|rf/ xf]Og . cf]nL ;/sf/;Fu tLg hgqmflGt g} o:tf] xltof/ xf], h;n]
rLg, sDaf]l8of, So'af cflb b]zdf a'bF ] ;xdlt ubf{ klg g]skf / o;sf oxfFsf] k|ltlqmofjfbL bnfn k'h F LjfbL
b]vfk/]sf] lyof] / cfh xfd|f] b]zdf g]tfx¿ s]kL ;/sf/df dGqL aG5g\, ;QfnfO{ ;dfKt kfl/lbg]5 .
aGg] ;Defjgf a9]sf] 5 . l9nf]–rfF8f] pgL;Fu} kf6L{ Pstf u5{g\ eg] . – hgkqsf/ dfl;saf6
Pd;L;Ldf eofgs /fi6«3ft ePkl5 xfdLn] b]zsf] :jfwLgtfsf] /Iffsf nflu b'Oj{ 6f
zlQmaLrsf] a[xt\ df]rf{aGbL / ;xsfo{df hf]8 lbPsf 5f}F . To;df b]zeQm zlQm Pp6f xf]
eg] csf]{ k|ultzLn Pjd\ sDo'lg:6 zlQmx¿ x'g\ . ha b]zeQm / sDo'lg:6 zlQmx¿
Pstfa4 x'G5g\ / ;ª\3if{sf] df]rf{df efu lnG5g\, ta l:yltn] gofF df]8 kqmG5 .
))))
cf]nL ;/sf/;Fu tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt ubf{ klg g]skf / o;sf g]tfx¿ s]kL ;/sf/df dGqL
aG5g\, pgL;Fu} kf6L{ Pstf u5{g\ eg] . klxn] kf6L{ agfpFbf klg s]xL 8fª8'ª kfg]{ ;Qfdf
k'Ug] v]n xf] eGy] . kl5 dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|;uF Pstf u5{g\ eGy] . ltg} tTjx¿n] clxn]
g]skf ;+;bjfbL sDo'lg:6x¿s} af6f]df cfP eG5g\ . o:tf] k|rf/ ug]x{ ¿ of ;+;bjfbdf
gfsd'v 8'afP/ sDo'lg:6 r]t u'dfPsf ;+;bjfbL uf]al]| s/fx¿ x'g\ of xfd|f] kf6L{sf]
;kmntf / prfOaf6 eolet ePsf ;fd|fHojfbL / pgLx¿sf rf6'sf/x¿ x'g\ of t @!
cf}F zbLsf] qmflGtsf] df}lns sfo{lbzf, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltx¿sf ;';u+ l7t z[ªv \ nfnfO{
a'‰g g;s]/ xfjfdf ef}tF fl/Psf ?9LjfbL, h8, oflGqs Pjd\ cj;/jfbL tTjx¿ x'g\ .
oL s'g} klg tTjx¿n] ug]{ :ofnx'OoF fn] s]xL km/s kg]j{ fnf 5}g .
 4 @)&( ;fn j}zfv !* ut] cfOtaf/
g]skfsf] ;dy{gdf /f]Nkfsf ( :yfgLo txdf :jtGq pDd]bjf/L btf{ g]skf bfªsf] ;dy{gdf :jtGq pDd]bjf/x?åf/f dgf]gog btf{
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{
/f]Nkfn] lhNnfsf] ljleGg gf} kflnsfdf
:jtGq pDd]bjf/L btf{ u/fPsf] 5 .
pQm kf6L{n] :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgsf
nflu /f]Nkfsf gf} :yfgLo txdf
pDd]bjf/L btf{ ePsf] hfgsf/L
lbPsf] 5 . kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
tyf wflbª lhNnf OGrfh{ r'8fdl0f
jnL -cfbz{_n] u+ufb]j ufpFFkflnsf
cWoIfdf pDd]bjf/L btf{ u/fPsf
5g . To:t} pkfWoIfdf ;'zLnf
jnL;lxt j8fdf ;d]t pDd]bjf/L
lbPsf] 5 . j8f g+= @, #, $, %, / ^
gDj/df pDd]bjf/L lbPsf] atfOPsf]
5 . h;df j8f g+= % afx]s ;a}
j8fdf dlxnf ;b:o, blnt dlxnf
;b:o / v' N nf ;b:odf ;d] t
pDd] b jf/L lbPsf] pQm kf6L{ n ]
hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .
To:t} kl/jt{ g ufpF F k flnsf
cWoIfdf nfnaxfb' / jnL /
pkfWoIfdf dL/f a' 9 fdu/n]
pDd]bjf/L lbPsf 5g\ . To:t} lab|fx] L
dflgg] yafª ufpFFkflnsf cWoIfdf
cldt 3tL{, cho 3tL{, b/lht /f]sf
/ dx]z a'9fn] cWoIfdf :jtGq
pDd] b jf/L lbPsf 5g\ . To:t}
lhNnfsf] ;'lgn:d[lt ufpFFkflnsf
cWoIfdf sdn yfkf / pkfWoIfdf
lbk]z lji6n] pDd]bjf/L lbPsf 5g\ .
g]skf Onfdåf/f :jtGq pDd]bjf/nfO{ ;dy{g
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
Onfdn] b] z / hgtfsf] ;fF r f]
k|ltlglwTj x'g] :jtGq hgkIfLo
pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ k"0f{ ;xof]u / ;dy{g
/xg] hgfPsf] 5 . ;f] kf6L{sf O{Grfh{
;'dgl;+x / ;lra df};dn] la1lKt
hf/L ub}{ ;f] s'/f hgfPsf x'g\ .
pgLx?n] tL pDd] b jf/x?nfO{
cToflws dt lbg cfd O{nfd]nL
Gofok|]dL hgtfdf clkn ub}{ cfˆgf]
cd"No dtnfO{ bnfn ;+;bjfbLsf
k};f, k|nf]eg / k|efjsf] aGws gafO{
cfˆgf] r]tgf / laa]ssf] ;xL k|of]u
ug{ cg'/f]w;d]t u/]sf 5g . o;
laifodf g] k fn sDo' l g:6 kf6L{
Onfdsf O{Grfh{ ;'dgl;+x / ;lra
df};dn] hf/L u/]sf] la1lKt o;
k|sf/ /x]sf] 5–Æ xfd|f] hgk|Lo kf6L{
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ of] b]zdf bnfn
;+;lbo k'FhLjfbL ;Qfn] of] /fi6« /
hgtfsf] lhjgdf yf]k/]sf] rf}tkmL{
;+s6sf] la?4 lg/Gt/ alnbfgLk"js { cWoIf– 8Da/axfb'/ rf}xfg, / dfO{
;+3if{ ub}{ PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf]
k|so[ fdf cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o,
c5fdsf :jtGq pDd]bjf/x?sf] Pp6} :j/M ‘/fi63« ftLx?nfO{ ;fdflhs jlx:sf/ u5f’+{}
sf7df8f}F . oxL j}zfv #) ut]
x'g uO/x]sf] :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgdf
c5fdsf :jtGq pDd] b jf/x?n]
/fi6«3ftL / e|i6rf/Lx?nfO ;fdflhs
alx:sf/ ug{' kg]{ atfPsf 5g .
:yfgLo txsf k|ltlglwx?sf nflu x'g
uO/x]sf] lgjf{rgdf cfˆgf] pDd]bjf/L
btf{ ub}{ :jtGq pDd]bjf/x?n] o:tf]
s'/f atfPsf x'g . /fi6«3ftL, hg3ftL
/ e|i6x?nfO alx:sf/ u/f}F Û hgkIfLo
/ :jtGq pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ dtbfg u/f}F
eGg] pb\3f]if;lxt c5fdsf] t'df{vfb
ufpF F k flnsfdf ;dfh;] j L tyf
/fhgLlt1 o'jf lg/s zflxn] cWoIf
kbsf nflu :jtGq pDd]bjf/L btf{
u/fPsf 5g eg] c5fdsf] ;b/d'sfd
l:yt dËn;]g gu/kflnsfdf o'jf
g]skf sflnsf]6åf/f gf}j6} kflnsfdf pDd]bjf/L
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
sflnsf]6n] :yfgLo lgjf{rgdf gf}j6}
kflnsfdf :jtGq pDd]bjf/L lbPsf] 5 .
;f] kf6L{ s f s] G b| L o ;b:ob] l v
k"j;{ l+ jwfg;ef ;b:ox¿n] ;d]t :yfgLo
txdf :jtGq pDd]bjf/L btf{ u/fPsf
5g\ . o;}qmddf sflnsf]6sf] g/x/Lgfy
ufpFkF flnsf cWoIfdf P6d aL;L /
pkfWoIfdf snzf lasn] pDd]bjf/L
To:t} lhNnfsf] n'+u|L ufpFFkflnsf
cWoIfdf e" k ] G b| v8\ s f If] q L /
pkfWoIfdf 1fg' dfof ljsn]
pDd] b jf/L lbPsL l5g\ . To:t}
;'g5x/L ufpFFkflnsfsf] cWoIfdf
g]skf g]tf k':tdg 3tL{ du/n]
pDd]bjf/L lbPsf 5g\ .
o;}u/L /f]Nkf gu/kflnsf j8f
g+= !) sf] j8fcWoIfdf wgaxfb'/
yfkf / df8L ufpFFkflnsf –% sf]
j8fcWoIfdf k|sfz s];Ln] pDd]bjf/L
lbPsf 5g . To:t} lqj] 0 fL
ufpFFkflnsfsf] # g+= df j]baxfb'/
k'g / ^ g+= j8fdf lvd/fh k'gn]
cWoIf kbdf pDd]bjf/L lbPsf 5g .
oL x'g\ /f]Nkf lhNnfsf ( j6f
:yfgLotxsf :jtGq pDd]bjf/–
u+ufb]a ufpFFkflnsf– cWoIf
r'8d0fL jnL …cfbz{Ú, pkfWoIf
;' z Lnf jnL, @ g+ = j8fWoIf M
6Lsf/fd g]kfnL, # g+= j8fWoIf M
nfnaxfb' / jnL …ljZjÚ, $ g+ =
j8fWoIf M gGb] jnL …dunÚ, % g+=
j8fWoIf M odg s'df/ dNn, ^ g+=
j8fWoIf M lbk]Gb| vqL
yafª ufpFkF flnsf– cWoIf cldt
3tL{–cho 3tL{–b/lht /f]sf–dx]z
a'9f, pkfWoIf /foaxfb'/ k'g, ! g+=
j8fWoIf km/s] emfFqmL, @ g+= j8fWoIf
lty{ gf/fo0f ldhf/, % g+= j8fWoIf
cGt/f{ l i6« o kl/l:yltdf cfPsf
km]/abnsf ;Gbe{ ;fy} kf6L{ /
hgtfnfO{ Psfsf/ ug{' kg]{ jftfj/0f
to ug{' kg]{ bfloTj af]wsf ;fy xfd|f]
kf6L{sf] s]lGb|o ;ldltsf] !@ cf}+ a}7sn]
:yfgLo lgjf{ r gnfO{ Pdl;;L,
/fi6« 3 ftla?4 hgkIfLo :jtGq
pDd]bjf/x? ;xefuL u/fP/ r'gfanfO{
k|of]u ug]{ sfo{gLlt kf; u¥of] . xfdLn]
Onfddf of] sfo{gLltnfO{ hgtfsf]
lardf b[9tfk"js { n}hfg] k|oTg u/]sf
5f}+ . h;cg';f/ M O{nfd gu/kflnsf
k|d'v– kml8Gb| Gof}kfg], pkk|d'v–
8fsk|;fb uf}td, ;Gbsk'/ ufpFkF flnsf
k|dv ' – v8\uaxfb'/ /fO{, ;f]xL kflnsf
jf8{ g= ! cWoIf– gGbs'df/ /fO{,
dfO{ hf]udfO{ ufpFFkflnsf k|d'v–
a] g ' k laqmd tfdfË, b] p dfO{
gu/kflnsf k|d'v– df]xg a/fn,
r' n fr' n L ufpF F k flnsf k| d ' v –
u0f]zaxfb'/ kf}8]n, ;f]xL jf8{ g= %
gu/kflnsf jf8{ g= $ cWoIf – 5lj
cfrfo{ n fO{ :yfgLo lgjf{ r gdf
pBdL k"0f{ e08f/Ln] pkd]o/sf nflu
pDd]bjf/L btf{ u/fPsf 5g\, aflGgu9L
hou9 ufpFkF flnsfdf tf/f kf08]n]
cWoIf / 8Da/f ;fpb -/f]zgL_ n]
pkfWoIf kbsf nflu pDd]bjf/L lbPsL
5g . To:t} 9sf/L ufpFkF flnsfsf] jf8{
g @ df ;dfh;]jL jL/axfb'/ e'n /
jf8{ g # df ladns'df/ la:6,
t'df{vfb % df e'kG] b|k;
| fb h}zL, jf8{
g * sf] wdflndf ;dfh;]aL ltns
la:6 / aflGgu9L hou9
ufpFkflnsfsf] jf8{ g % sflnsfaf6
emgs/fh 9'Ëfgfn] :jtGqsf] tkm{af6
pDd]bjf/L btf{ u/fPsf 5g .
:yfgLo :t/df x'g] lasf; lgdf{0f
/ ;fwg>f]tsf] lat/0fdf e}/x]sf]
blnos/0f /f]Sg, e|i6frf/sf] cGTo
btf{ u/fPsf 5g\ eg] /f:sf] 6
gu/kflnsfdf lw/fGbf pkfWofo /
pkk|dv ' df km'n6f}/f lasn] pDd]bjf/L
btf{ u/fPsf 5g\ .
o;}u/L, vfF8frqm gu/kflnsf
k| d ' v df x:t las, ltnf u' k mf
gu/kflnsfdf /d]z rbf/f k|dv ' ,
pkk|dv ' df wg/fh zfxLn] pDd]bjf/L
btf{ u/fPsf 5g\ . otf, krfnem/gf
b'Sdg /f]sf .
kl/jt{g ufpFFkflnsf– cWoIf
nfnaxfb'/ 8fFuL, pkfWoIf ld/f a'9f,
@ g+= j8fWoIf clgn s];L, # g+=
j8fWoIf k[YjL laqmd 8fFuL, $ g+=
j8fWoIf lrqaxfb'/ a'9f …ug]zÚ, %
g+= j8fWoIf lvdk|;fb 3tL{ zfxf
…HjfnfÚ, ^ g+= j8fWoIf lbks yfkf .
;'lgn:d[tL ufpFFkflnsf– cWoIf
sdn yfkf …lah'nLÚ, pkfWoIf lbk]z
lai6, @ g+= j8fWoIf a]udWjf]h yfkf
…PgfgÚ, ^ g+= j8fWoIf ;Gtf]if ;'ab] L
…k|of;Ú .
;'g5x/L ufpFFkflnsf– cWoIf
k':tdg 3tL{ du/, pkfWoIf sf]daxfb'/
a'9f, ^ g+= j8fWoIf x]dGt k'g .
n'Ë|L ufpFFkflnsf– cWoIf e'k]Gb|
v8\sf If]qL, pkfWoIf 1fg' dfof las,
! g+= j8fWoIf wgaxfb'/ vqL, @ g+=
j8fWoIf lhtdfg v8\sf, # g+=
j8fWoIf lnnfaxfb'/ 3tL{ If]qL, $
g+= j8fWoIf 6]saxfb'/ lai6, % g+=
j8fWoIf ;j{0fs'df/ /f]sf du/ .
lqa]0fL ufpFkF flnsf– # g+= j8fWoIf
a]baxfb'/ k'g …k|;fGtÚ, ^ g+= j8fWoIf
lvd /fh k'g .
df8L ufpFkF flnsf– % g+= j8fWoIf
k|sfz s]=;L=
/f] N kf gu/kflnsf– !) g+ =
j8fWoIf wgaxfb'/ vqL …laZn];gÚ .
pDd]bjf/sf] ?kdf ;xefuL u/fPsf 5f}+ .
of] pDd]bjf/L Pdl;;L, /fi6«3ft,
hg3ft, e|i6frf/ sfnf]ahf/Lla?4
x'g] 5 eg] oL tdfd ;+s6sf] sf/s
of] bnfn k'FhLjfbL ;+;bLo Aoj:yf
ePsf] s'/f hgtfnfO{ af]w u/fpFb}
oxL r'gfaL d~rnfO{ k|of]u u/L of]
;+;lbo Aoj:yfsf] e08fkmf]/ ul/g]
5 . of] b]z Oltxf+;s} ;jf{lws
;+s6df k/]sf] of] a]nf xfdLn] of]
Aoj:yfnfO{ vf/]h u/]/ a}1flgs
;dfhjfbnfO{ :yfkgf ug]{ ;f]Rg' /
;f]xLcg'?k sfd ug{' kb{5 .
ctM oxL p2]Zosf] lglDt b]z /
hgtfsf] ;fFrf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] :jtGq
hgkIfLo pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ xfd|f] k"0f{
;xof]u / ;dy{g /xg] ;a} Onfd]ln
hgtfnfO{ hfgsfl/ u/fpFb5f}+ . ;fy}
oL pDd]bjf/ x?nfO{ cToflws dt
lbg cfdO{nfd]nL Gofok|d] L hgtfdf
clkn ub{5f}+ . cfˆgf] cd"No dtnfO{
bnfn ;+;bjfbLsf k};f, k|nf]eg /
k|efjsf] aGws gafO{ cfˆgf] r]tgf /
laa]ssf] ;lx k|of]u ug{ cg'/f]w 5 .Ú
/ lasf; lgdf{0fsf sfdx?df cfd
hgtfsf] k| T oIf g] t [ T j Pad
;xeflutf :yflkt ug{ :jtGq ?kdf
pDd] b jf/L lbg' k/] s f] tL
pDd] b jf/x?n] atfPsf 5g\ .
g]kfndf @)$^ b]lv af/Daf/ ltg}
kf6L{, ltgs} cf;]kf;] / Pp6f lglZrt
au{sf] xflnd'xfnL x'bF } cfO/x]sf] a]nf
hgtfn] To;sf] lasNk vf]hL /x]sf
5g\, kf/blz{tf vf]lh/x]sf 5g\,
hgtfsf] 3/b}nf]df :yfgLo ;/sf/sf]
pkl:yt vf]lh/x]sf 5g, oL g}
cfjZostfnfO{ k"/f ug{ / lasf;
lgdf{0fdf lgikIftf rflx/x]sf] a]nf
c5dsf ljleGg 7fpFdf :jtGq
pDd]bjf/x?n] cfˆgf] pDd]bjf/L btf{
u/]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 .
ufpFkF flnsfdf kf6L{sf lhNnf ;lrj /x]sf
dgLnfn P]8Ln] cWoIf, ljlgt l;+x
lt?jfn] pkfWoIf, knftf ufpFkF flnsfdf
kbd ljs cWoIf, dxfj} ufpFkF flnsfdf
wgaxfb'/ l;+x, z'esflnsf ufpFkF flnsfdf
dlgz las / ;fGgL lqj]0fL ufpFkF flndfdf
?kl;+x af]xf]/fn] pDd]bjf/L lbPsf 5g\ .
sflnsf]6 g]skfsf k|jQmf k|sf08sf] u[x
lhNnf xf] .
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
bfªsf] ;dy{ g df :jtGq
pDd]bjf/x?n] dgf]gog btf{ u/]sf
5g\ . ;f]daf/ lhNnfe/L g]skfsf]
;dy{g /x]sf :jtGq pDd]bjf/x?n]
lgjf{rg clws[tsf] sfof{nodf k'u/]
dgf]gog btf{ u/]sf x'g\ . ;f]daf/
lbpF;f] t'n;Lk'/df g]skfsf] ;dy{gdf
:jtGq pDd] b jf/x?n] lgjf{ r g
clws[tsf] sfof{nodf k'u]/ ljleGg
kbdf dgf]gog btf{ u/]sf 5g\ . o:t}
t' n ;Lk' / pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf]
pkd]o/ kbdf t'n;Lk'/ vfg]kfgL
tyf ;/;kmfO ;+:yfsf k"jc { WoIf,
;dfh;]jL v]d/fh jnLn] :jtGqaf6
pDd]bjf/L btf{ u/]sf 5g\ . jnLn]
g] s kfsf] ;dy{ g df
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] pkk|dv ' kbdf
:jtGq pDd]bjf/L btf{ u/]sf] atfP .
o:t} t' n ;Lk' /
pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= # sf]
j8fWoIfdf afns[i0f v/fn, j8f g+=
% af6 k|]d a'9f, j8f g+=& af6
ledaxfb'/ 8fuL -ls/0f_, j8f g+=(
af6 OZj/Lk|;fb kf08], j8f g+= !@
af6 s'n axfb'/ jnL -k|lt/f]w_, j8f
g+= !$ af6 dLgk|;fb 9sfn -
sf7df8f}s“ f] d]o/df kf08] / pkd]o/df u'?ªsf] :jtGq pDd]bj\ f/L
sf7df8f}F . sf7df8f}F
dxfgu/kflnsfsf] d]o/df al/i7
kqsf/ tyf clwjQmf lgdsfGt
kf08] / pkd]o/ kbdf pdf u'?ªn]
:jtGq pDd] b jf/L lbPsf 5g .
sf7df8f} F dxfgu/kflnsf j8f
gDa/ !^ df j;Gt e] 6 jfn,
tfs] { : j/ gu/kflnsf k| d ' v df
w| ' j /fh v8\ s f / uf] s 0f] { : j/
gu/kflnsf k|d'vdf >L a/fnn]
:jtGq pDd]bjf/L lbPsf 5g\ .
sf7df8f} F dxfgu/kflnsfsf]
k|d'v -d]o/_ kbdf pd]bjf/L btf{
u/]kl5 al/i7 kqsf/ tyf clwjQmf
lgdsfGt kf08]n] cfˆgf] dfGotf
a}1flgs ;dfhjfblagf hgtf /
g]skf ;Nofgåf/f tLg kflnsfdf :jtGq pDd]bjf/L
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n]
;Nofgdf tLgj6f kflnsfdf :jtGq
pDd]bjf/L btf{ u/fPsf] 5 . lhNnfsf]
5q]Zj/L, s'dfv / bfdf{ ufpFkF flnsfdf
g]skfn] l6d ;lxt :jtGq pDd]bjf/L
btf{ u/fPsf] xf] . 5q] Z j/L
ufpFkF flnsfdf cWoIfdf nf]Skfn s];L
/ pkfWoIfdf lx/f a'9fn] pDd]bjf/L
lbPsf 5g\ . oxfF $ j6f j8fdf cWoIf
;lxt ;b:odf klg g]skfn] :jtGq
pDd]bjf/ p7fPsf] 5 . j8f g+ ! sf]
cWoIf df 6f]k axfb'/ s] ;L, j8f g+
@ sf] cWoIf df 6f]k axfb'/ 8fFuL,
j8f g+ # sf] cWoIf df r'0f{ jxfb'/
v8\sf / j8f g+ $ sf] cWoIf df
nf]s jxfb'/ jnL /x]s 5g\ .
To:t} s' d fv ufpF F k flnsfdf
g] s kfsf] ;dy{ g df
kf]v/fsf] d]o/ /
pkd] o /df
pDd] b jf/L btf{
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{sf] ;dy{gdf kf]v/fsf] d]o/ /
pkd]o/df pDd]bjf/L k/]sf] 5 .
g]skfsf g]tfåo ls;fgl;+x u'?ªn]
d]o/ / ;f]ddfof ljsn] pkd]o/df
:jtGq ?kdf pDd]bjf/L btf{ u/fPsL
x'g\ . g]skfsf] !@ s]Gb|Lo ;ldtLn]
bn btf{ u/]/ r'gfadf efu glng]
t/ b]zeQm, /fi6«jfbL, Pdl;;Lla/f]wL
hgkIfLo pDd]bjf/nfO{ ;xof]u
;dy{g ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . ;f]xL
cg'?k g]skfn] b]zJofkL :jtGq
hgkIfLo pDd]bjf/nfO{ ;xof]u,;dy{g
ug]{ u/]sf] 5 .
c/laGb_, j8f g+= !% af6 ;'Gb/
ljs -;'zLn_ / j8f g+= !( af6
v8\saxfb'/ jnLn] j8fWoIfdf :jtGq
pDd]bjf/L btf{ u/]sf 5g\ .
o:t} g]skfsf] ;dy{gdf u9jf
ufpFkF flnsfsf] cWoIfdf u0f]z rf}w/Ln]
pDd]bjf/L lbPsf 5g\ . rf}w/Ln] cfh
lbpF;f] lgjf{rg clws[tsf] sfof{no k'u/]
:jtGq pDd]bjf/L btf{ u/]sf] atfP .
o:t} u9jf ufpFFkflnsfsf] j8f
g+= ! df g]skfsf] ;dy{gdf o1axfb'/
s' d fnn] j8fWoIfdf :jtGq
pDd]bjf/L btf{ u/]sf 5g\ . kflnsfsf
j8f g+= %, ^ / & df klg :jtGq
pDd]bjf/L dgf]gog btf{ k|lqmofdf
/x]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
o:t} 3f]/fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf
klg g] s kfsf] ;dy{ g df :jtGq
pDd]bjf/x?n] dgf]gog btf{ u/]sf
5g\ . pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] j8f
g+=!@ af6 g/axfb'/ af]x/f / j8f
g+= ( af6 e'kG] b| jnL -lxdfn_ n]
j8fWoIfdf :jtGq pDd]bjf/L btf{
u/]sf x'g .
o:t} zflGtgu/ ufpFkflnsfsf]
j8f g+= # af6 g]skfsf] ;dy{gdf
dgf]h kl/of/n] :jtGq j8fWoIfdf
b]zsf nflu jt{dfg Aoj:yfdf s]xL
ug{ ;lsg] 5}g eGg] atfpFb} cfˆgf]
dfGotfaf/] :ki6 kfb}{ cfk"m lahoL
eP tTsfnsf oxL Aoj:yfcGtu{t
ug]{ k|of;x?df
!_ dxfgu/df rNg] a;df lgMz'Ns
ofqfsf] Aoj:yf,
@_ dxfgu/leqsf ;a} :s"n /
sn]hx?df lgMz'Ns lzIffsf]
Aoj:yf,
#_ dxfgu/df k| T o] s laB' t
ld6/df @)) o'lg6;Ddsf] z'Ns
ldgfxf / Ps O08S;g r'nf]
lgMz'Ns pknAw,
$_ lkpg]kfgL lgMz'Ns,
%_ dxfgu/df rqmky leq df]gf]/n ] atfPsf 5g .
cWoIfdf eLd ef/tL / pkfWoIfdf
u0f]z rGbn] :jtGq pDd]bjf/L
lbPsf 5g\ . oxfF g]skf / hgdf]rf{sf]
u7aGwg ePsf] 5 . g]skfn] # j6f
j8f / hgdf]rf{n] Pp6f j8fdf
pDd]bjf/L lbPsf 5g\ . h;df j8f
g+= # sf] cWoIf df uf]kfngfy of]uL,
j8f g+= $ sf] cWoIf df ho/fd s]
;L -lht]Gb|_, j8f g+= & sf] cWoIf
df h+u axfb'/ rGb / j8f g+= ^ sf]
cWoIf df hgdf]rf{sf 9sg k|;fb
zdf{n] pDd]bjf/L lbPsf 5g\ . bfdf{
ufpFFkflnsfdf cWoIfdf bnaxfb'/
s];L / pkfWoIfdf dbg rGbn] :jtGq
pDd]bjf/L lbPsf 5g\ . bfdf{df #
j6f j8fdf g]skfn] cWoIf ;lxt
;b:ox¿df klg pDd]bjf/L lbPsf]
emfkfdf g]skfsf] ;dy{g k|fKt 5 pDd]bjf/
sf7df8f}F . emfkfdf /fi6«3ftL
Pdl;;L, e|i6frf/, / hgla/f]wL
xs{tsf la?4 5 hgfn] :jtGq
pDd] b jf/L lbPsf 5g . g] k fn
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ emfkfn] lgjf{rg
k|of]unfO{ s] ug]{ < eGg] ljifodf
cGof}ntf sfod} /fv]sf] a]nf kf6L{sf]
gLltaf6 k5fl8 gx6\g] pb\3f]if ub}{
sGsfO{ gu/kflnsfdf b]lak|;fb
pk|l] tn] d]o/ kbdf cfˆgf] pDd]bjf/L
lbPsf 5g\ . ;fy} kf6L{ gLltcg';f/
sGsfO{ gu/kflnsf jf8{ g= @ df
kz{/' fd lul/ / jf8{ g= # df o'j/fh
;+u|f}nfn] /fi6«3ft / Pdl;;L la?4
cWoIf kbdf cfˆgf] :jtGq
pDd]bjf/L lbPsf] atfP .
To:t} emfkfsf] eb|k'/sf] jf8{ g=
% df /fi6«3ft la?4 ;w}F af]Nb} cfPsf
8Da/ adf{n] kf6L{sf] gLltcg';f/
/fi6«jfbLx?sf] w|'las/0f lasf; ug{
pDd]bjf/L btf{ u/]sf 5g\ . aaO{
ufpFkflnsf j8f g+=$ af6 g]skfsf]
;dy{gdf xl/k|;fb zf:qLn] :jtGq
j8fWoIfdf cfˆgf] pDd]bjf/L dgf]gog
btf{ u/]sf 5g .
o:t} g]skfsf] ;dy{gdf /fhk'/
ufpFkflnsfsf] cWoIfdf ;h{' ofbjn]
pDd]bjf/L lbPsf 5g\ . ofbjn] cfh
lgjf{rg clws[tsf] sfof{nodf k'uL
cfˆgf] :jtGq pDd]bjf/L btf{ u/]sf]
atfPsf 5g\ .
o:t} /fhk'/ ufpFkflnsfsf] j8f
g+=! af6 e'df dx/f, j8f g+=@ af6
t'lN;/fd e08f/L, j8f g+= $ af6
/fdk|;fb xl/hgn] j8fWoIfdf :jtGq
pDd]bjf/L btf{ u/]sf 5g .
g]skfsf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldtLsf] !@ cf}F
k"0f{ a}7sn] bn btf{ u/]/ r'gfjdf
efu glng] t/ b]zeQm, /fi6«jfbL,
Pdl;;L la/f]wL :jtGq hgkIfLo
pDd]bjf/nfO{ ;xof]u tyf ;dy{g ug]{
gLlt lnPsf] lyof] . s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf]
pQm lg0f{o4cg';f/ cfufdL j}zfv
#) ut] ;DkGg x'g uO/x]sf] :yfgLo
lgjf{rgdf g]skfsf] ;dy{gdf b]ze/
;of}+ :jtGq hgkIfLo pDd]bjf/x?n]
dgf]gog btf{ u/]sf x'g .
lgdf{0f cleofg yfngL,
^_ aflx/L rqmky la:tf/ k|f/De,
&_ kmf] x /af6 df] x / sdfpg]
cleofgcGtu{ t kmf] x /af6}
k| f + u fl/s dn pTkfbg,
kmf]x/af6} UofF; pTkfbg ;'?,
*_ ;8ssf bfofFafofF @) ld6/sf]
b"/Ldf a[Iff/f]k0f cleofg /
;f]nf/ alQsf] Aoj:yfkg ;'?,
(_ dxfgu/leq nfu" ul/Psf] s/
k|0ffnLdf Aofks ;'wf/,
!)_ Pd;L;L ;Demf}tf vf/]h u/fpg
;Sbf] k|of; ug]{ k|lta4tf,
!!_ e| i 6frf/ la?4 ;zQm
cleofgsf] yfngL ug]{ /x]sf]
5 . h;df j8f g+ !sf] cWoIf df
;'/z] rGb, j8f g+ # sf] cWoIfdf
df]xgnfn s] =;L -df]xgk'?if_ / j8f
g+ % sf] cWoIf df lrq axfb'/ v8\sf
-ldgf/_ /x]sf 5g\ .
lhNnfsf cGo kflnsfx?df klg
g]skf ;dy{g :jtGq pDd]bjf/x?n]
j8fWoIfdf pDd]bjf/L lbPsf 5g\ . qj]0fL
sf] j8f g+ # sf] cWoIf df k|d] axfb'/
a'9f, j8f g+ ! sf] cWoIf df km'ns'dfl/
k'g -km'ndfof_, sflndf6L j8f g+ ^ df
s[i0f s] =;L t}gfy, afurf}/ j8f g+ *
x]dGtf a'9fyf]sL, j8f g+ ( 6f]k jxfb'/
jnL, j8f g+ @ ;ld/ e08f/L / j8f g+=
# sf] nfn jxfb'/ ;'gf/n] pDd]bjf/L
lbPsf] g]skf ;Nofgsf ;lrjfno ;b:o
6+s k|sfz s];Ln] atfP .
cWoIf kbdf cfˆgf] pDd] b jf/L
lbPsf 5g\ . 8Da/ adf{ :jtGq
b]zeQm ;fdflhs AolQmTj x'g .
otf emfkfsf] bdsdf kf6L{sf]
k'gu{7gsfnb]lv lg/Gt/ ljleGg
e"ldsfdf sfd ub}{ cfPsf sdn
k/fh'nLn] cfˆgf] :jtGq pDd]bjf/L
lbPsf 5g\ . bdsd} jf8{ g= & df
dgfxfË ;'Aafn] jf8{ cWoIf kbdf
cfˆgf] pDd] b jf/L lbPsf 5g\ .
bdsdf ;'sd' jf;L dfly hgk|ltlglw
/ hUuf bnfnx?n] lg/Gt/ u/]sf]
xdnfla?4s kf6L{n] ;w}F ;zQm
k|lt/f]w ub}{ cfPsf] x'gfn] bdsdf
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ nf]slk|´o /x]sf]
/ jf8{ g= & g} ;'sd ' jf;L bdg /
k|lt/f]wsf] s]Gb| ag]sf] x'gfn] of]
pDd]bjf/L bds –& df lgs} ef/L /
s8f k|lt:kwf{df x'g] bdssf hgtfn]
atfpg yfln;s]sf 5g .
 @)&( ;fn j}zfv !* ut] cfOtaf/
cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf cfw'lgs dhb'/x?sf] of]ubfg
æljZjsf dhb/ xf], Ps xf]cf}Æ+ –
sfn{ dfS;{, sDo'lg:6 3f]if0ffkq, dfS;{
– P+uN] ; ;+slnt /rgfP+, v08 !, efu
! k[i7 !#), k|ult k|sfzg df:sf]
!(&* .
!_ dhb'/ eg]sf sf] x'g\ <
csf{sf] Hofnfbf/L ug]{ of Hofnf
lnP/ cfˆgf] >dzlQm a]Rg] JolQmnfO{
dhb'/ elgG5 . cfw'lgs ;dfhsf] d'Vo
ju{ d Wo] dhb' / ju{ klg kb{ 5 .
dhb'/ju{nfO{ k'h F LjfbL, ;dfhjfbL /
;fDojfbL qmflGtsf] k|dv ' ;+jfxs zlQmsf
?kdf dflgG5 . k'FhLjfbcGtu{t
dhb'/ju{ sfdbf/x?sf] ju{ xf] . of]
pTkfbgsf] ;fwgaf6 al~rt /xG5 /
cfˆgf] >dzlQm k'h F LkltnfO{ a]Rb5 .
dhb'/ju{ cfw'lgs ;dfhdf ;a}eGbf
k|ultzLn / qmflGtsf/L ju{ xf] . ;a}
k|sf/sf bdg, zf]if0f – pTkL8g,
cGofo cTofrf/, ljs[lt / lj;+ult,
c;dfgtf tyf dfG5]n] dfG5]dfly ug]{
;a} k|sf/sf zf]if0fsf] lj?4 ;+3if{ ug],{
To; k|sf/sf ;+3if{sf] j}1flgs g]tT[ j
ug{ ;Sg], zf]if0fljxLg ;dfhsf]
lgdf{0fsf] lglDt lg0ff{os e"ldsf v]Ng]
ju{ xf] – cfw'lgs tyf cf}Bf]lus
;j{xf/fju{ xf] – dhb'/ ju{ .
u'dfpgsf nflu cfˆg bzgª\uL| sf]
>dzlQmafx]s s]xL gePsf] t/
lhTgsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ ;+;f/ x'g] ju{ xf]
– dhb'/ ju{ .
dhb'/ju{n] cfˆgf] ;+3if{ s} qmddf
* 306fsf] sfdsf] lbgsf] Joj:yf sfod
ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . o; ju{n] ;j{ky| d
!*&! df &@ lbg;Dd cfˆgf] ;Qf dxfg\
k]l/; sDo'g, $) jif{;Dd dxfg\
;dfhjfbL u0ftGq ;f]leot ;+3, @&
jif{;Dd rLgdf ;dfhjfbL qmflGt /
;dfhjfbL /fHo;Qf lgdf{0fsf] cg'ejaf6
/ pQ/ sf]l/of, leotgfd, sDaf]l8of,
k"jL{ ?ksf s/La @) j6f k"j{ sDo'lg:6
;Qf rnfPsf b]zx¿ / kl5Nnf] calwdf
So'jfsf] sDo'lg:6 ;Qf rnfPsf]
cg'ejaf6 cfk"mnfO{ bfz{lgs, ;}4flGts
/ /fhgLlts ?kn] ;d[4 agfpFb} cfPsf]
5 of] cf}Bf]lus ;j{xf/f dhb'/ju{ . ?;,
rLg nufotsf b]zx¿df ePsf
k|ltqmflGt kZrft\ sDo'lgHd d¥of] eg]/
cfTd/lt lnP/ a;]sf ljZje/sf
;fd|fHojfbL n'6/] fx?, lj:tf/jfbL tyf
k|eT' jjfbL Pjd\ hgtfsf b'Zdgx?nfO{
r'gf}tL lbg ;Sg] cfh oxL dfq Pp6f
zlQm xf] ljZj ;j{xf/f tyf cf}Bf]lus
dhb'/ju{ .
ljZj qmflGtsf] lg0ff{os zlQm eg]
s} dhb'/ ju{ xf] . of] slQsf] zlQmzfnL
ju{ xf] eGg] ljifodf ljZj ;j{xf/fju{sf
g]tf nfvf}+ qmflGtsf/L ;f]leot
dhb'/x?sf] g]tT[ j u/]/ ;g\ !(!&
cS6f]a/ @% - gf]eD] a/ &_ lbg dxfg\
?;L cS6f]a/ ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf gfos
tyf ljZj d} klxnf]k6s ;j{xf/fju{sf]
clwgfosTj :yfkgfsf klxnf] k|of]ustf{
EnfbLld/ OlNor n]lggn] cufl8 eGg"
ePsf] 5, æ;j{xf/fju{ / k'h F Lklt
ju{aLrsf] eLif0f ;+3if{n] cgGTjuTjf
;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] z'?jft ug]5 { ,
dhb'/ju{n] k'h F LhLljx?sf] ;Qf pv]Ng]5
/ >lds hgtfsf] lxtfy{ ;j{xf/f
clwgfosjfb cyf{t\ dhb'/ju{sf] ;Qf
sfod ug]5 { .Æ
@_ ljZj dhb'/ cfGbf]ngsf] ;+lIfKt
Oltxf;
ljZj dhb'/ cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;
eg]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ju{;3+ if{sf] Oltxf; xf] .
ljZj dhb'/ cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf; Hofb}
;d[4zfnL ljzfn 5 . ljZj dhb'/
cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf; alnbfgLk"0f{ jL/tfn]
el/k"0f{ ePsf] Oltxf; xf] . ;j{xf/f >lds
ju{sf] d'lQmsf vflt/ ljZjsf nfvf}+
dhb'/x?n] /utsf] vf]nf] aufP/ cfh{g
u/]sf] Oltxf; xf] . o;af/]df tn ;+lIfKt
?kdf pNn]v ul/g]5 . pGgfO;f}+
ztfAbLsf] rf}yf] bzs;Dd cfpFbf
o'/f]ksf OËNof08, k|mfG;nufotsf
b]zx¿df ;fdGtjfbsf lj?4 k'h F LjfbL
qmflGt ;DkGg x'bF } uP . pTkfbs zlQmsf]
tLj| ljsf; eP/ uof] / o;} k|lqmofdf
cf}Bf]lus qmflGt eof] . ;dfhdf
k'h F Lkltju{ / ;j{xf/fju{sf aLrdf
ju{;3+ if{ rNb} hfg yfNof] . k'h
F Lkltju{sf
lj?4sf] ;+3if{df ;j{xf/fju{ Oltxf;sf]
;a}eGbf k|ultzLn ju{sf] ?kdf ljsl;t
x'bF } uof] . dhb'/ ju{n] cfˆgf] xs /
lxtsf nflu cfGbf]ngsf] k|lqmof cufl8
a9fpg yfNof] . OËNof08df ;g\ !*#@
b]lv !*$@ ;Dd hDdf b; jif{ rfl6{i6
cfGbf]ng rNof] . pQm dhb'/ cfGbf]ngsf
dfux? k"/f gu/]/ pN6} k|ltlqmofjfbL
a]nfotL ;/sf/n] xhf/f}+ dhb'/x?sf]
lgd{dtfk"js { xTof u/]/ bjfof] .
To:t} ;g\ !*$$ df OËNof08sf
dhb'/x?n] d]l;g tf]8 -8'bfO6_ cfGbf]ng
;~rfng ul/of] . o; cfGbf]ngdf klg
xhf/f}+ dhb'/x?n] hLjg pT;u{ u/] .
jf:tjdf OËNof08df ;~rfng ul/Psf
rfl6{i6 cfGbf]ng / 8'bfO6 cfGbf]ng
cfw'lgs o'udf dhb'/ jif{sf] klxnf]
cfGbf]ng lyP . oLafx]s hd{gLnufot
ljZjsf s}of}+ b]zx¿df ju{;3+ if{x?
;~rfng ul/Psf lyP . tL ;a}
cfGbf]ngx? c;kmntfdf 6'l+ uPsf lyof] .
dhb'/x? k/flht x'gs ' f] d'Vo sf/0f
pQm dhb'/ cfGbf]ngx?nfO{ kyk|bz{g
ug]{ s'g} qmflGtsf/L / j}1flgs l;4fGt
lyPg / s'g} kf6L{ ;+u7g lyPg, h;sf
sf/0f dhb'/ cfGbf]ngx? k/flht x'bF }
uPsf lyP . o;sf nflu qmflGtsf/L
ljrf/ / qmflGtsf/L ;+u7gsf] cfjZostf
a9]/ uPsf] lyof], ToxL kl/k|I] odf ;g\
!*$* km]ac ' | /L @! lbg sfn{ dfS;{ /
k| m ] 8 l/s P+ u ] N ;åf/f sDo' l g:6
3f]if0ffkqdfkm{t\ dfS;{jfbsf] k|ltkfbg x'g
uof] / dfS;{jfb Ps j}1flgs / qmflGtsf/L
l;4fGt ePsf] n ] dhb' / ju{ n ]
dfS;{jfbdfkm{t\ cfˆgf] d'lQmsf] l;4fGt
dfS;{jfb k|fKt u¥of] . dfS;{sf] bz{g
åGåfTds tyf P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL
bz{g xf] . o; bz{gsf] l;4fGt ef}ltsjfb
xf] eg] åGåjfb dfS;{jfbL bz{gsf] k4lt
xf] . o;/L åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb ljZj
;j{xf/fju{ cyf{t\ ljZj cf}Bf]lus dhb'/
ju{sf] ljZjb[li6sf]0f aGof] . åGåfTds
tyf P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbnfO{ ;j{xf/f
ju{sf csf{ dxfg\ g]tf hf];k] m :6flngn]
ædfS;{jfbL – n]lggjfbL sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf]
ljZjb[li6sf]0f xf]Æ eGg'ePsf] 5 .
o;} k|lqmofdf ;g\ !*^$ df sfn{
dfS;{sf] kxnsb\dL k|yd cGt/f{li6«osf]
u7g ug{e' of] . of] ljZj ;j{xf/fju{sf]
cyf{t\ cfw'lgs dhb'/x?sf] klxnf]
;+u7g lyof] . / ;g\ !(&! dfr{ !*
sf lbg k]l/;sf dhb'/x?n] dxfg\
æk]l/; sDo'gÆ :yfkgf ul/Psf] lyof] .
of] g} ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{ / cfw'lgs
dhb' / x?sf] klxnf] ;j{ x f/f
clwgfosTj lyof] . oBlk of] &@
lbgeGbf a9L l6Sg ;s]g / ;g\ !*&!
dO{ @* sf lbg dxfg\ k]l/; sDo'
9Nof] . t/, ;dod} k]l/; sDo'gsf]
ktg ePsf] eP klg of] cGt/f{li6«o
sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf Ps P]ltxfl;s
tyf o'ufGtsf/L kl/36gf lyof] . k]l/;
sDo'gdf sl/a #) xhf/ dhb'/x?n]
zxfbt k|fKt u/]sf lyP eg] sl/a
%) xhf/ dhb' / x?nfO{ 3fOt]
t'NofOPsf] lyof]] . 5f]6} calwdf dxfg\
k]l/; sDo'gsf] cGTo ePsf] eP tfklg
To;sf] b"/ufdL c;/ / dxTjaf/]
k|sfz kfb}{ j}1flgs ;fDojfbsf
l;4fGtsf/ tyf bfz{lgs sfn{ dfS;{n]
cufl8 n] V g' e Psf] 5, æcfˆgf]
sDo'g;lxt dhb'/x?sf] k]l/; Pp6f
gf}nf] ;dfhsf] uf}/jzfnL cu|0fLsf]
?kdf xd] z f hg;Ddfgsf] kfq
alg/xg]5 . To;sf ;lxbx?n] dhb'/
ju{sf] dxfg\ Åbodf ;bfsf] nflu 7fpF
cf]u6]sf 5g\ .Æ – sfn{ dfS;{, k]l/;
sDo'g, k[i7 $, k|ult k':ts ;bg,
sf7df8f},F g]kfn, @)^# .
k]l/; sDo'g &@ lbg dfq cl:tTjdf
/x] klg ;j{ x f/f dhb' / ju{ s f]
clwgfosTjsf] :yfkgf tyf /Iff ug{df
u/]sf To;sf jL/tfk"0f{ k/fqmdx? ;bfsf]
nflu hudufP/ /x]sf 5g\ / sDo'gsf
l;4fGtx? cgGt 5g\ . To;sf ;lxbx?
ljZjsf ;a} d'ns ' x?sf ;j{xf/fju{ /
qmflGtsf/L hgtfsf] lbndf ;bfsf] nflu
afFlr/x]sf 5g\ . dfr{ !* tfl/vsf] lbg
;+;f/e/sf ;j{xf/fju{sf] cgGt?kn]
uf}/jzfnL kj{sf ?kdf dgfpFb} cfPsf
5g\ ljZj qmflGtsf nflu ljZjsf
cfw'lgs dhb'/x?sf nflu dxfg\ k]l/;
sDo'gsf lzIffx? cgluGtL 5 .
!( cff} ztfAbLsf] z'?df g}
cd]l/sfdf dhb'/x?n] æ;"of]b{ ob]lv
;"of{:t;DdÆ sf] sfd u/fpg] k|jl[ Qsf]
lj?4 cfjfh p7fPsf lyP . To;j]nf
dhb'/;Fu !* 306f;Dd sfd lnOGYof] .
Tof] ;dodf dhb'/af6 !$, !^ / !*
306f;Dd sfd lnOg' s'g} 7"nf] s'/f
lyPg . Toltdfq xf]Og, cd]l/sfdf
dhb'/ cfGbf]ng rs{b} hfg yfn] kl5
ToxfFsf dhb'/x?;Fu – !( / @)– @)
306f ;Dd sfd lnOGYof] . kl5
cd]l/sfdf dfq xf]Og, cGo w]/}
b]zx¿df rNg yfln;s]sf] lyof] . hxfF
x:taxfb'/ s];L
pbodfg k'h F LjfbL cy{ Joj:yfsf]
h'jfd'gL dhb'/ju{sf] zf]if0f x'g] ub{Yof] .
of] o;af6 :ki6 x'G5 ls ;'b"/
ci6«l] nofsf /fh – dhb'/x?n] klg æ*
306f sfd, * 306f dgf]/~hg / *
306f lj>fdÆ sf] gf/f a'nGb kf/]sf lyP .
;g\ @**$ / !**^ df cd]l/sfsf]
l;sfuf] zx/df 7"nf 7"nf dhb'/ cfGbf]ng
ePsf lyP . tL dhb'/ cfGbf]ngx?df
lgd{d bdg ul/Psf] lyof]] / xhf/f}+
dhb'/nfO{ xTof ul/Psf] lyof] . tL dhb'/
cfGbf]ngx? cd]l/sfsf] l;sfuf] zx/sf
cltl/Qm cGo 7"nf zx/x?df klg
km}lnPsf] lyof] . OËNof08, k|mfG;,
hd{gLnufotsf b]zx¿df klg 7"nf 7"nf
dhb'/ cfGbf]ngx? rls{Psf lyP . ;g\
!&^ df sfn{ dfS;{n] klxnf] cGt/f{li6«osf]
lj36g ug{' eof] . To; kl5 cGt/f{li6«o
sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ng g]t[Tj ljxLg
cj:yfdf k'Uof] . ;g\ !**# dfr{ !$
sf lbg sfn{ dfS;{sf] lgwg eof] . pxfFsf]
lgwgn] cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngn]
ck'/0fLo Iflt Joxf]g'{ k¥of] . To; kl5
cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf]
lhDd]jf/L dfS;{sf cgGo ldq tyf
;xof]uL k|m8] l/s P+uN] ;sf] sfFwdf cfof] .
;g\ !**( df P+uN] ;sf] g]tT[ jdf bf];f| ]
cGt/f{li6«osf] u7g ul/of] .
;g\ !**( df k]l/;df bf];|f]
cGt/f{li6«osf] k|yd dxflwj]zg ;DkGg
eof] . ToxL dxflwj]zgn] d] ! nfO{
cGt/f{li6«o d] lbj; ->lds_ lbj;sf
?kdf dgfpg] lg0f{o u¥of] / dhb'/n]
lbgdf * 306f >d ug{k' g]{ lgwf{/0f u¥of] .
#_ cGt/f{li6«o:t/df dhb'/x?sf]
uf}/jk"0f{ ufyf
ljZje/sf >lds dhb'/x?sf]
Oltxf; alnbfgLk"0f{ of]ubfg el/k"0f{ 5 .
dfgj hflts} d'lQmsf vflt/ nfvf}+ dhb'/
cfˆgf] cd"No hLjg ck{0f u/]/ uf}/jk"0f{
Oltxf; sfod ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . cyf{t\
cGt/f{li6«o dhb'/x?sf] jL/tfsf] Oltxf;
nfvf}+ nfv ;lxbx?sf] /utn] /+luPsf]
5 . ljZjsf ljleGg d'ns ' x?df ePsf
;j{xf/f qmflGtx? / ;dfh kl/jt{gsf
af/]df dhb'/x?n] u/]sf] of]ubfg tyf
jlnbfgsf af/]df 5f]6f] rrf{ ug{ pko'Qm
xf]nf g} .
s_ k]l/; sDo'g
cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf]
Oltxf;df jL/tf / jlnbfgsf] uf}/jk"0f{
ufyfn] el/k"0f{ ag]sf] / ;+;f/e/s}
;j{xf/f ju{ / sfd u/L vfg] >lds
ju{sf nflu k|/] 0ff ag]sf] dxfg\ k]l/;
sDo'sf lgdf{0fdf / ;g\ !*&! dfr{
!* b]lv @*&! d] @* sf aLrdf vf;
u/L ;g\ !*&! d] @* sf lbg
k|ltlqmofjfbL e;f{On ;/sf/n] dxfg\
k]l/; sDo'gdfly k|ltqmflGt ug]{ qmddf
s/La @( xhf/ k]l/; ;j{xf/f, dhb'/,
j[4, dlxnf, s]6fs]6L ;d]t ul/ hDdf
@( xhf/n] ;xfbt k|fKt u/]sf lyP
eg] s/La %) xhf/nfO{ 3fOt]
t'NofOPsf] lyof] . To; g/;+xf/df
dfl/Psf / 3fOt] t'NofOPsf clwsf+z
dhb'/x? g} lyP . dxfg\ k]l/; sDo'g
Ps P]ltxfl;s Pjd\ o'ufGtsf/L
kl/36gf lyof], h;sf lzIffx? ljZj
dhb'/ ju{ / ;d:t dfgj hflts}
lxhf] klg k|/] 0ffsf] >f]t lyof], cfh
klg 5 / ef]ln;Dd /lx/xg]5 .
s_ ;g\ !()% sf] c;kmn ?;L
qmflGt
hf/zfxL zf;g Joj:yfsf lj?4 ;g\
!()% df ?;df qmflGt ;~rfng ul/Psf]
lyof] . Tof] c;kmn qmflGt lyof] . To;
qmflGtdf xhf/f}+ ?;L dhb'/x?n] hLjg
pT;u{ u/]sf lyP . /, jL/tfsf] Oltxf;
/r]sf lyP .
v_ dxfg\ ?;L cS6f]a/ ;dfhjfbL
qmflGt
dxfg\ n]lggsf] g]tT[ jdf ;g\ !(!&
cS6f]a/ @% - gf]eD] a/ &_ sf dxfg\
?;L cS6f]a/ ;dfhjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg
ePsf] lyof]] . To; cS6f]a/ qmflGtdf
nfvf}+ dhb'/x?n] efu lnP/ klxnf]k6s
;j{xf/f ;Qf sfod u/]sf lyP . dxfg\
?;L cS6f]a/ ;dfhjfbL qmflGt Ps
P]ltxfl;s / o'ufGtsf/L kl/36gf lyof] .
?;L dhb' / x?n] klxnf] k 6s
k'hF Lkltju{sf] xftaf6 ;Qf vf];/]
dhb'/x?sf] xftdf lnOPsf] lyof] . o;sf]
>]o nfvf}+ ?;L dhb'/df hfG5, pgs}
ann] ePsf] ljZj Oltxf; ;fIfL 5 . of]
;fgf] n]vdf dxfg\ ?;L cS6f]a/
;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf af/]df a0f{g ug{
;lhnf] 5}g . Oltxf; cfkm}F af]N5 . h'g
?;L qmflGtsf] k|efj ljZj;j{xf/f ju{nfO{
7"nf] k|/] 0ffsf] >f]t alg/x]sf] 5, To;sf]
d'Vo b]g dxfg\ ?;L dhb'/x?nfO{ hfG5 .
u_ dxfg\ lrlgofF F gofF hgjfbL
qmflGt
sd/]8 dfcf]sf] g]tT[ jdf ;g\ !($(
cS6f]a/ ! sf lbg dxfg\ lrlgofF gofF
hgjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
@* ;Ddsf] ;z:q hgo'4sf] dfWodaf6
rLgdf dxfg\ lrlgofF gofF hgjfbL qmflGt
;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . tTsfnLg
cw{;fdGtL / cw{pklgj]lzs cj:yfdf
/x]sf] rLgdf lrlgofFF sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf]
g]t/[ /Tjdf / dhb'/, ls;fg Pstfsf
cfwf/df ufpFbF l] v zx/ 3]g{] ;z:q
hgo'4sf] df]8n] ckgfP/ qmflGt ;DkGg
u/]/ hgtfsf] hgjfbL clwgfosTj
:yfkgf u/]/ ;dfhjfbdf ;+qmd0f ug]{
j}1flgs af6f] to ul/Psf] lyof] . lrlgofFF
gofF hgjfbL qmflGt hl6n k|lqmof kf/
u/]/ ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . lrlgofFF qmflGt
bL3{sfnLg hgo'4sf] k|lqmofaf6 ufpFdF f
cfwf/ Onfsfx? lgdf{0f ub},{ 5fkfdf/
b:tf, hgldlnl;of lgdf{0f u/]/ 5fkfdf/
o'4 cyf{t\ u'l/Nnf jf/sf] tl/sf cKgfP/
:yfgLo hg;Qf, hg cbfnt, hg
sDo'gx? lgdf{0f u/]/ :yfgLo hg;Qfx?
;~rfng ub}{ hgd'lQm ;]gf -nfn ;]gf _
lgdf{0f u/]/ clGtddf ufpFbF l] v zx/
3]g{ ] gLlt cg'?k ;g\ !($( cS6f]a/ !
sf lbg lrlgofF nfn ;]gfn] s]Gb|Lo ;Qf
sfod u/]sf] lyof] / ;g\ !($( cS6f]a/
! sf lbg /fhwfgL a]Olhªl:yt
t]gd]gogrf]saf6 sd/]8 dfcf]n] dxfg\
lrlgofF hgtfsf] hgjfbL clwgfosTj
:yfkgf ePsf] 3f]if0ff ug{e' Psf] lyof] .
dxfg\ lrlgofF gofF hgjfbL qmflGt
Pp6f cljsl;t k5f}6] s[lif k|wfg b]zdf
ul/Psf] dxfg\ lrlgofF hgtfnfO{
;fd|fHojfb / ;fdGtjfbsf] k~hfaf6
d'Qm ul/Psf]n] of] Ps o'ufGtsf/L
kl/36gf lyof] . oz qmflGt ;DkGg ug{df
nfvf}+ ls;fgx?sf] ;xof]udf nfvf}+ lrlgofF
dhb'/x?n] 7"nf] of]ubfg / alnbfg u/]sf
lyP . rLgnfO{ gofF rLgdf abNg] /
cfw'lgs rLg lgdf{0f ug]{ ;jfndf s/f]8f}+
lrlgofF dhb'/x?n] alnbfg u/]sf lyP
/ clxn];Dd klg cfw'lgs rLg lgdf{0f
ug{df lrlgofF dhb'/x?sf] cu|0fL e"ldsf
/xb} cfPsf] 5 .
3_ sf]l/og qmflGt
sd/]8 lsd On ;ªsf] g]tT[ j js{;{
kf6L{ ckm sf]l/ofn] ;g\ !($% df sf]l/og
qmflGt ;DkGg u/]/ ;fd|fHojfb /
;fdGtjfbsf] k~hfaf6 pQ/ sf]l/og
hgtf / sf]l/ofnfO{ d'Qm ug]{ ;jfndf
sf]l/og dhb'/x?n] 7"nf] alnbfg u/]sf
lyP . cd]l/sL x:tIf]ksf sf/0f ;g\
!($% b]lv sf]l/of ljefhg eO{ pQ/ /
blIf0fdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 / blIf0f
sf]l/ofdf cd]l/sL s7\kt' nL ;/sf/
rln/x]sf] 5 eg] pQ/ sf]l/ofdf
sDo'lg:6x¿n] ;/sf/ ;~rfng
ul//x]sf 5g\ .
ª_ sf]l/og o'4
;g\ !(%) – !(%# sf] sf]l/og
o'4sf qmddf cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf
lj?4 /fli6«o o'4 n8\g] qmddf s/La !%
nfv sf]l/og hgtfsf] ;xfbt ePsf]
Oltxf; 5 . To; o'4df hLjg ck{0f
ug]x{ ?df clwsf+z sf]l/og dhb'/x? g}
lyP . clxn] PSn} cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf
lj?4 cf0fljs wdfsf lbO/x]sf] kl/k]Ifdf
ToxfF x/ If]qdf sf]l/og dhb'/x?n]
of]ubfg tyf alnbfg ul//x]sf 5g\ .
r_ leotgfdL qmflGt
;g\ @ ;]K6]Da/ !($% df k|mfG;af6
:jtGq x'g'df vf;u/L leotgfdL
qmflGtdf klg leotgfdL dhb'/x?sf]
dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg tyf alnbfg u/]sf
lyP . xf] lr ldGxsf] g]tT[ jdf ;DkGg
ePsf] leotgfdL qmflGt cGt/f{li6«o
sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;df cToGt}
k|Voft / nf]slk|o qmflGt xf] . leotgfdL
qmflGt ;+;f/d} rlr{t x'gs ' f] d'Vo sf/0f
leotgfdL ;j{xf/fju{, leotgfdL cToGt}
cg'zfl;t / n8fs' tyf b]zeQm dhb'/
ju{n] u/]sf] jL/tfk"0f{ of]ubfg / sfsf
xf] lr ldGxsf] qmflGtsf/L s'zn g]tT[ j
xf] / ljz]ifu/L o;df d'Vo e"ldsf
dhb'/x?sf] /x]sf] kfOG5 . h'g b]zsf
dhb'/x? a9L cg'zfl;t, n8fs' / b]z,
hgtf, kf6L{ / qmflGtk|lt a9L sl7a4 /
lg0ff{os e"ldsf v]Ng ;s] tL b]zx¿n]
l56f]l56f] qmflGt ;DkGg u/]sf 5g\ .
leotgfddf log} ljz]iftf af]ss ] f dhb'/
ePsf]n] leotgfdL qmflGt / leotgfdL
hgtfsf] ;+;f/e/ OHht 5 .
5_ leotgfdL o'4
leotgfd / cd]l/sf aLrdf ;g\
!(^% b]lv !(&# ;Dd rn]sf] leotgfdL
/fli6«o o'4nfO{ leotgfdL o'4 elgG5 .
leotgfdL qmflGtsf qmddf pQ/L
leotgfddf sDo'lg:6x¿sf] ;/sf/
rn]sf] lyof] eg] blIf0fL leotgfddf u}/
sDo'lg:6x?sf] /fHodf ljefhg x'g uO{
leotgfd b'O{ efudf ljefhg x'g k'Uof] .
dfs{y/sf] of]hgf cg';f/ pQ/df
sDo'lg:6 ;QfnfO{ ;dfKt kfg{ cd]l/sfn]
;g\ !(^% df pQ/ leotgfdsf lj?4
o'4 u/]kl5 leotgfddf o'4 z'?' ePsf]
lyof] . of] o'4 ;g\ !(&! df k]l/;df
zflGt ;+emf}tf ePkl5 ;g\ !(&# b]lv
o'4 ;dfKt ePsf] lyof] . leotgfdL o'4df
!@ nfv cd]l/sL ;]gf dfl/Psf lyP .
xhf/f}+ leotgfdL hgtfsf] d[To' ePsf]
lyof] . To; o'4df cd]l/sf 7"nf] xf/
a]xf]/s] f] lyof] / sDo'lg:6x¿sf] zfgbf/
ljho ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 ljeflht
leotgfd PsLs/0f ePsf] lyof] .
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ slxNo}
leotgfdlt/ kms]/{ x]g{ g;Sg] u/L
leotgfdaf6 w'nf]–w'nf] kf/]/ v]bg\ ] of]ubfg
leotgfdL dhb'/x?sf] /x]sf] lyof] .
h_ So'jfnL qmflGt
cd]l/sfsf] gfsd'lg /x]sf] Nofl6g
cd]l/sL d'ns ' So'df lkm8]n Sof:qf] / r]
Uj]ef/fsf] g]tT[ jdf ;~rfng ePsf] So'jfnL
qmflGtn] h'g !(%( ;DkGg eof] /
clxn];Dd klg So'jfn] cfˆgf] ljz]iftfsf]
;dfhjfb rnfO/x]sf] 5 . o;df So'jfnL
dhb'/x?sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf / of]ubfg
/x]sf] lyof] . o;/L ljZjsf h'g–h'g
b]zx¿df sDo'lg:6x¿n] qmflGt ;DkGg
u/], tL b]zx¿n] dxfg\ pknlAwx? k|fKt
ug{ / d'ns ' nfO{ ;d[4zfnL agfpg] sfo{df
dhb'/x?sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf / of]ubfg
/x]sf] 5 .
em_ g]kfnL qmflGtsf] cleofgdf
dhb'/x?sf] e"ldsf / of]ubfg
g]kfndf klg !)$ jif]{ /f0ff zf;gsf
lj?4sf] cfGbf]ngdf, #) jif]{ tfgfzfxL
k~rfotL Joj:yf lj/f]wL hg;+3if{df klg
g]kfnL dhb'/x?sf] 7"nf] of]ubfg /
alnbfg /x]sf] 5 . tTsfnLg g]kfn
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] kxndf
;~rfng ePsf] dxfg\ b; jif]{ hgo'4sf]
k|lqmofdf b;f}+ xhf/n] ;xfbt k|fKt u/],
xhf/f}s + f] ;+Vofdf Hofg ljkQf kfl/of] /
7"nf] ;+Vofdf 3fOt] ckf+u t'NofOof] . oL
36gfx?df g]kfnL dhb'/x?n] 7"nf]
of]ubfg / alnbfg u/]sf] Oltxf; tfh}
5 . ls;fg hg;d'bfosf ;fy} nfvf}+
>dhLlj dhb'/ tyf ;j{xf/fju{sf]
dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg / alnbfg /x]sf] 5 .
g]kfnL sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;df
;a}eGbf a9L alnbfg ePsf] dxfg\ b;
jif]{ hgo'4sf] k|lqmofdf xf] .
`_ dhb'/x?dfly k|ltqmflGtsf] c;/
dfS;{jfbsf] hGd;Fu} ;+zf]wgjfbsf]
hGd eof] . dfS;{jfbsf] ljsf;;Fu}
5
;+zf]wgjfb klg ljsf; x'bF } uof] .
dfS;{jfbn] klxnf] u'0ffTds ljsf;sf
qmddf n]lggjfbsf] ljsf; eof] eg]
csf] { l t/ ;+ z f] w gjfbn] zf:qLo
;+zf]wgjfb x'bF } cfw'lgs ;+zf]wgjfbdf
ljsf; x'g k'Uof] . ;+zf]wgjfbsf]
cfqmd0fn] cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ng
/ ljZj ;dfhjfbL lzlj/df klg uDeL/
k| s f/sf] Iflt k' ¥ ofof] . ?;,
rLgnufotsf b]zx¿df h'g k|ltqmflGt
e} k'h F Ljfbsf] k'g:yf{kgf eP kl5 ljZj
:t/d} cfd hgtfsf] ;fy} dhb'/x?n]
7"nf] Iflt a]xf]g'{ k¥of] . km]l/ dhb'/x?
a]/f]huf/ x'g k'us ] f 5g\ tL b]zx?df .
g]kfndf klg dxfg\ b; jif]{ hgo'4sf]
g]tT[ j u/]sf] d'Vo g]tT[ jdf uDeL/ k|sf/sf]
j}rfl/s ljrng cfPkl5 pQm g]tT[ j
gj;+zf]wgjfbsf] af6f] x'bF } k|ltlqmofjfbdf
x'g k'uk] l5 dxfg\ g]kfnL gofF hgjfbL
qmflGtn] uDeL/ k|sf/sf] wSsf vfg k'Uof] .
To;sf] k|ToIf c;/ cfd g]kfnL hgtf,
g]kfn /fi6«sf ;fy} dhb'/ju{df klg kg{
uof] . o;sf] Ifltk"lt{ ca ;DkGg x'g]
dxfg\ g]kfnL qmflGtn] dfq ug]5 { . km]l/
klg g]kfnL dhb'/x?n] klg of]ubfg /
alnbfg clgjfo{ ug{k' g]5 { . / ug]{ 5g\
g} . o;df sdL cfpg] 5}g .
6_ cfw' l gs dhb' / x?k| l t
qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 kf6L{x?sf]
bfloTj
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ ;j{xf/f ju{sf]
/fhgLlts ;+ul7t cu|b:tf xf] . ;fy}
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ ljk/Lt tTjsf] PsTj
xf] . qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf]
kyk|bz{g l;4fGt dfS;{jfb – n]lggjfb
– dfcf]jfb xf] . qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6
kf6L{sf] nIo gofF hgjfb x'bF } j}1flgs
;dfhjfbdf k'u/] hgtfnfO{ j}1flgs
;fDojfbdf k'¥ofpg' /x]sf] x'G5 . /, dfgj
;dfh j}1flgs ;dfhjfbdf k'lu;s]kl5
ju{ / /fHo;Qfsf] ljnf]kLs/0f x'G5 .
ju{sf] ljnf]kLs/0f eO;s]kl5 kf6L{sf]
klg cGTo x'G5 . lsgeg] kf6L{n]
ju{ljz]ifsf] /fhgLlts k|ltlglwTj
ub{5 . t;y{ ju{sf] cGTo kl5 kf6L{sf]
klg cGTo x'G5 . hxfF;Dd qmflGtsf/L
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] ju{;3+ if{sf] g]tT[ j
ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf, hgtfsf] d'lQm
cfGbf]ngsf] g]tT[ j ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf
d'ns ' sf] lglDt p;sf] cfjZostf klxnf]
gDa/ d} x'G5 . To;f] eP/ p;sf]
lhDd]jf/ a9L g} x'G5 .
hgtfsf] d'lQmsf] g]tT[ j ul//x]sf]
Pp6f qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n]
qmflGtsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;a} tof/L
k"/f u/]sf] x'gk' 5{ . To;n] cfw'lgs dhb'/
qmflGtsf nflu cToGt} 7"nf] xltof/ jf
zlQm xf] . To;f] eP/ p;n] c?
zlQmx?sf ;fy} cfw'lgs dhb'/x?nfO{
a9L Wofg lbg'k5{ . /, p;sf] lgdf{0f
kl/rfng tyf /]vb]v ;'/Iffsf] Uof/]G6L
kf6L{n] ug{k' g]{ x'G5 . p;sf clt cfjZos
;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg klg kf6L{af6 ul/g]
ljifo xf] . dhb'/x?sf d'Vo d'Vo
;d:ofx?–
!_ j}rfl/s ;d:of
s'g} klg qmflGtsf/Lsf nflu klxnf]
;d:of eg]s} j}rfl/s ;d:of xf] . To;f]
eP/ kf6L{n] o;nfO{ k|dv ' tfsf ;fy
x]l/g'k5{ . lsgeg] sf]xL klg ;a} s'/f
a'em]/ ;+u7gdf cfa4 ePsf] x'bF g} . To;}n]
kf6L{n] ljif]z u/]/ cfˆgf dhb'/x?nfO{
kf6L{ :s'lnªsf] j}1flgs Joj:yf u/]/
To;dfkm{t\ dfn]dfjfb;DaGwL cfwf/e"t
l;4fGtx?n] n}; u/fpg} k5{ . p;sf]
dfS;{jfbL 1fg – l;4fGtsf af/]df
kl/kSj agfpFb} n}hfg'k5{ . :s'lnªsf
nflu kf7\oqmd cg';f/sf] kf7\o;fdu|L
klg kf6L{n] Joj:yfkg ug{k' g]{ x'G5 .
lsgeg] qmflGtdf, ju{;3+ if{df xf]ldPsf]
Pp6f of]4fn] cfˆgf] s'g} JolQmut sfdsf]
Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Dej x'bF g} . of] kf6L{sf]
klxnf] st{Jo xf], lhDd]jf/L klg xf] .
@_ cfly{s ;d:of
kf6L{sf Sof8/x?df cfly{s ;d:of
klg uDeL/ k|sf/n] plNemPsf x'G5g\ .
p;sf] JolQmut hLjgdf / kfl/jfl/s
hLjg;Fu klg hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . kf6L{,
qmflGt / hgtfsf] d'lQmsf] vflt/
lgwf/df /ftf] skmg afFw/] ju{;3+ if{df
xf]ldPsf] Pp6f qmflGtsf/L dhb'/n]
cfˆgf] JolQmut ;d:of xn ug{ ;Sg]
s'/} cfpFbg} . kf6L{ / p ;+ul7t ePsf]
-af“ s L & k] h df_
 6 @)&( ;fn j}zfv !* ut] cfOtaf/
‘gjf}“ /fli6«o P:6«fg] f]dL cf]nlDkof8 @)@@’ sf nflu cfj]bg cfx\jfg
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn Pi6«f]gf]ldsn
;f];fO6Ln] ;g\\ @)@@ sf nflu
;~rfng ug]{ gjf}F /fli6«o P:6«fg] f]dL
cf]nlDkof8sf] cfj]bg v'nf u/]sf]
5 . ljBfno txsf ljBfyL{sf] k|ltef
klxrfg tyf k|j4{gsf nflu ;g\
@)!$ b]lv ;~rflnt sfo{qmddf
&@ ca{sf] lqmK6f]s/]G;L x\ofs Û
sf7df8f} F . pQ/ sf] l /ofsf
Xofs/x¿n] ^) s/f]8 8n/ a/fa/sf]
lqmK6f]s/]G;L rf]/L ug{ ;kmn ePsf
5g\ . Ps l/kf]6{ cg';f/ Axie
Infinity gfds lel8of] u]dsf]
;xof]udf pgLx¿n] ut dlxgf sl/a
&@ ca{ ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] lqmK6f]s/]G;L
rf]/L u/]sf x'g\ . b jfl;+6g kf]i6sf]
Ps l/kf] 6 { cg' ; f/ rf] / L u/] s f]
lqmK6f] s /] G ;L clxn] ; Dd klg
Xofs/x¿n] k|of]u ug{ kfO/x]sf 5g\ .
xfn} Xofs/x?n] $% nfv 8n/
d" N osf] Oy] l /od lqmK6f] s /] G ;L
:yfgfGt/0f u/]sf lyP . lqmK6f]s/]G;L
6«oflsª ;fO6 Oy/:Sofgn] pQm s'/fsf]
v' n f;f u/] s f] lyof] . To;cl3
cd]l/sfsf] cy{ dGqfnon] rf]/L
ul/Psf] lqmK6f]s/]G;L lk|mh ug]{ k|of;
u/]sf] lyof] . h;df pQm ;fOa/
:df6{kmf]gn] uf]nL 5]Sbf Hofg hf]luof] Û Png d:såf/f 6\jL6/ vl/b
sf7df8f}F . :df6{kmf]gn] aGb'ssf]
uf]nL 5]lslbP/ Pshgf ;}lgssf] Hofg
arfOlbPsf] 5 . ?; o'qm]gaLr hf/L
o'4sf qmddf of] 36gf ePsf] xf] .
:df6{kmf]gn] uf]nL 5]Sbf Ps o'qm]gL ;}lgs
d[To'af6 hf]luPsf 5g\ . ;f];n
ldl8ofdf efO/n alg/x]sf] Ps
lel8of]df Pshgf o'qm]gL ;}lgsn] cfˆgf
;xsdL{ ;}lgsnfO{ cfˆgf] uf]nL nfu]sf]
df]afOn b]vfO/x]sf 5g\ . pQm
df]afOndf uf]nL cl8\sPsf] 5 .
?;L ;]gfn] xfg]sf] uf]nL pgn] z/L/df
t]nsf] yf]kfyf]kf hf]ufcf}+
OGwg vr{ 36fcf}+
o; jif{ sIff * b]lv !@ ;Ddsf
ljBfyL{n] cfj]bg lbg;Sg] ;f];fO6Lsf
cWoIf ;'/z] e§/fO{n] hfgsf/L lbP .
ljBfyL{sf] txut l;sfOnfO{ Wofg
lbFb} /fli6«o P:6«fg] f]dL cf]nlDkof8
slgi7 / jl/i7 u/L b'O{ ljwfdf
cfof]hgf ul/g]5 . h;cGtu{t sIff
xdnfdf k|of]u ul/Psf] l8lh6n jfn]6
U?kdfly k|ltaGw nufOPsf] lyof] .
cd]l/sL cy{ dGqfnosf cg';f/
pQm lqmK6f]s/]G;L rf]/Ldf Lazarus
Group gfds pQ/ sf]l/ofnL Xofs/
/fv]sf] ;f]xL df]afOndf nfUof] . aGb'ssf]
uf]nL df]afOnnfO{ k"/} kf/ u/]/ pgsf]
z/L/;Dd cfpg ;s]g sf/0f pgL uf]nL
bflugaf6 ar] . lel8of]df uf]nfaf/Lsf]
cfjfh ;'lgG5 . h;n] pQm lel8of] o'4
d}bfgs} xf] eGg] k|i6 x'G5 . oBlk
:df6{kmf]gn] s'g} JolQmsf] Hofg arfPsf]
of] klxnf] 36gf eg] xf]Og . o;cl3
gf]lsof, Anfsa]/L, ;fd;'ª, Prl6;L tyf
PKknsf] cfOkmf]gnufotsf :df6{kmf]gn]
klg dflg;nfO{ uf]nL nfUgaf6 aFrfPsf
36gf ;fj{hlgs ePsf lyP .
g]kfn cfon lgud lnld6]8
kmf]g g+=+ $@^@(&), km\ofS; M $@^#$&!
*–!) ;Ddsf ljBfyL{n] slgi7df
cfj]bg lbg ;Sg]5g\ . sIff !!–!@ sf
ljBfyL{n] jl/i7df cfj]bg lbg;Sg] klg
pxfFn] atfpg'eof] . cf]nlDkof8sf] klxnf]
r/0f–5gf]6 k/LIff k|fb]lzs r/0fsf
?kdf oxL d] &, @)@@ -j}zfv @$,
@)&(_ zlgaf/ ck/fXg !@ ah]bl] v
;d"xsf] xft 5 . pQm Xofs/ ;d"xn]
;g\ @)!$ df ;f]gL lkSr;{ sDkgLdfly
;fOa/ cfqmd0f u/]sf] lyof] . Ansr]g
Pgflnl6S; sDkgL OlNnlK6ssf cg';f/
;fOa/ ck/fwLx¿n] rf]/L u/]sf] !)
sf7df8f}F . ljZjsf wgf9\o Pj+ 6]:nf
sDkgLsf dflns Png d:sn] $$
lalnog 8n/df 6\jL6/ sDkgL vl/b
u/]sf 5g\ . ut b'O{ ;ftfcl3 d:sn]
cfk"mn] 6\jL6/ vl/b ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf
/x]sf] v'nf;f u/]sf lyP . 6\jL6/df /x]sf]
gSsnL vftfx? pGd'ng ug]b{ l] v w]/}
kl/jt{g ug{sf nflu 56\jL6/ vl/b u/]sf]
pgn] atfPsf 5g\ . cd]l/sL klqsf
kmf]A;{sf cg';f/ ljZjsf wgf9\o d:sf]sf]
s'n ;DktL @&# bzdnh ^ lalnog
8n/ /x]sf] 5 . o;cl3 pgn] Ps cj{
!) s/f]8 8n/ a/fa/sf] 6]:nfsf] z]o/
ljqmL u/]sf lyP . cfˆgf ^ s/f]8 #)
nfv 6\jL6/ cfˆgf] c?;uF s/ ltg{sf
nflu 6]:nfsf] !) k|ltzt z]o/ d:sn]
ljqmL u/]sf x'g . pgn] ljqmL u/]sf] b'O{
lbgdf 6]:nfsf] z]o/ !^ k|ltztn] 36]sf]
lyof] . z]o/ ahf/df Ps l6«lnog k'h F L
/x]sf] 6]:nf ljZjs} d"Nojfg sf/ pTkfbs
sDkgL xf] . Png d:sn] ( nfv #)
xhf/ lsQf z]o/ ljqmL u/]sf] v'nf;f
ePsf] 5 . d:sn] clxn] z]o/ ljqmL u/]
klg pgn] ut ;]K6]Da/d} z]o/ ljqmLsf]
k|lqmof ;'? u/]sf] klg atfOPsf] 5 .
@ ah];Dd O6x/L, hgsk'/, sf7df8f},F
kf]v/f, a'6jn, ;'vt{] tyf wgu9Ldf
cfof]hgf ul/g]5 . OR5's ljBfyL{n]
cfj]bg kmf/fd cfk"mnfO{ kfos kg]{
;DalGwt k|bz ] sf ;f];fO6Ln] tf]ss
] f
;+of]hsnfO{ a'emfpg ;Sg]5g\ .
k|bz ] r/0fdf ul/Psf] k|bz{gsf
cfwf/df bf];|f] r/0f cyf{t\ /fli6«o
r/0fdf ;DalGwt k|bz ] sf ljBfyL{nfO{
;fd]n u/fOg]5 . o;/L bf];f| ] r/0fdf
pTs[i6 k|bz{g ug]{ ljBfyL{nfO{ t];f| ]
tyf clGtd r/0fdf ;xefuL
u/fOg] 5 . t] ; | f ] r/0fsf]
d"NofÍgdfkm{t\ ;xefuL ljBfyL{nfO{
of] jif{ ;~rfng x'g] cGt/f{li6«o
P:6« f ] g f] d L tyf P:6« f ] l kml;S;
cf] n lDkof8sf nflu l;kmfl/;
ul/g]5 . sfo{qmdsf] cfj]bg kmf/fd
tyf To;;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ hfgsf/L
www.nepalastronomicalsociety.org/olympiad
df pknAw 5 . sfo{qmd;DaGwL
lh1f;f tyf yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu
;f] ; fO6Lsf] df] a fOn g+
(*$#&)*@$* df ;Dks{ ug{
;lsg] klg cWoIf e§/fO{n] atfP .
s/f]8 lqmK6f]s/]G;L xfn;Dd lgd{nLs/0f
ul/;s]sf 5g\ . pQm Xofs/ ;d"x;Fu
;DalGwt cGo tLg 7]ufgfx¿nfO{ klg
cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] k|ltaGw nufPsf]
5 . OG6/g];gn lqmK6f] PS;r]Gh
lagfG;sf cg';f/ Xofs/x?n] 6«fG;km/
u/]sf] %* nfv 8n/sf] lqmK6f]s/]G;LnfO{
p;n] lk| m h ul/lbPsf] 5 .
ljZn]ifsx¿sf cg';f/ ljZjsf]
lqmK6f] s /] G ;Lsf] cy{ t Gq lgs}
hf]lvdo'Qm /x]sf] s'/f pQ/ sf]l/ofnL
Xofs/x¿n] k6s k6s k' l i6
ul/;s]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] lqmK6f]
Osf]gf]dLsf] sdhf]/ ljGb' ;dfpg]
u/]sf 5g\ . Xofs/x¿n] lqmK6f]
Knf6km{ddf /x]sf] sdhf]/Lsf] kmfObf
p7fP/ To:tf] 6"nsf] k|of]u ub{5g\
h;af6 Xofs ul/Psf] lqmK6f] d'bf| sf]
7]ufgf c?n] kQf nufpFg ufx|f] kb{5 .
d:s;Fu clxn] klg 6]:nfsf] z]o/ !&
nfv lsQf /x]sf] 5 . h'g @ va{ *)
ca{ 8n/ a/fa/sf] ;Dklt xf] .
o;}u/L, d:sn] ca sf]sfsf]nf
sDkgL vl/b ug];{ d]t 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ .
6\jL6/ vl/bsf] ;Demf}tf ePsf] Ps ;ftf
glaTb} d:sn] 6\jL6/ dfkm{t g} ca
cfk"mn] sf]sfsf]nf vl/b ug]{ / sf]lsgnfO{
k'gM sf]sdf hf]8g\ ] atfPsf x'g\ . t/
sf]sfsf]nfsf] ;Demf}tf s] sltdf x'bF 5}
eGg] ljifodf eg] pgn] s]xL atfPsf
5}gg\ . sf]sf sf]nf sDkgL !**^ d]
dlxgfdf cd]l/sfsf] hlh{ofdf :yfkgf
ePsf] lyof] . hf]g k]Da6{g o;sf] :yfkgf
u/]sf lyP . !**& df @#)) 8n/df
cf;f u|LU; s}8+ n/ n] sf]sf sf]nf
sDkgLnfO{ lsg]sf lyP . sf]sfsf]nf
clxn] ljZjsf @ ;o b]zdf lj:tf/
ePsf] 5 eg] ( ;o j6f sf/vfgfaf6
sf]s pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . sf]sfsf]nfdf
ljZje/ & nfvn] /f]huf/L klg kfPsf
5g\ . ljZje/af6 sf]sfsf]nfsf] /fhZj
cd]l/sf k'Ug] u/]sf] 5 . To;f] t Png
d:sn] r]g /]i6'/fF Dofs8f]gN8 klg vl/b
ug]{ atfPsf 5g\ .
glan a}s+ åf/f /fi6« a}s+ sf] lgb]z{ g pNn+3g
sf7df8f}F . glan a}s
aflxl/Psf] 5 . g]kfn /fi6« a}s
+ n] /fi6« a}s + sf] lgb]z{ g ljk/Lt Pn;L vf]ns
+ n] @! r}tdf @& jfl0fHo a}s
] f] tYo
+ sf sfo{sf/L
k|dv ' x?nfO{ af]nfP/ lanf;L j:t'x?df Pn;L gvf]Ng lgb]z { g lbPsf] lyof] . t/,
/fi6« a}s + sf] lgb]z { gkl5 7"nf] dfqdf ljb]zL d'bf| aflxl/g] u/L Pn;L vf]Ng]df
glan a}s + cu|:yfgdf b]lvPsf] 5 . Pn;L /f]Sg] lg0f{o ePkl5 klg glan a}s + n]
Jofkfl/s 3f/fgfsf] ;]l6ªdf cfoftsf] nflu Pn;L vf]Ng] u/]sf] /fi6« a}s + sf Ps
clwsf/L atfpF5g\ . …xfdLn] lgb]z { g lbPkl5 dfq} klg Ps ca{ &$ s/f]8 &^
nfv (% xhf/ %(^ ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] Pn;L vf]ns ] f] el6Psf] 5Ú /fi6« a}s + sf Ps
clwsf/Ln] eg], …of] ;fdfGo tl/sfn] vf]lnPsf] xf]Og, 7"nf] ;]l6ªh:tf] b]lvG5 .Ú
pgsfcg';f/ /fi6« a}s + n] lbPsf] lgb]z { gkl5 klg o;/L Pn;L vf]Ng]df glan;Fu}
:6fG88{ rf6{8{ a}s + klg 5 . cGo s]xL a}s + x?n] klg ;fdfGo kl/df0fdf dfq}
Pn;L vf]ns ] f 5g\ . ;a}eGbf w]/} eg] glan a}s + af6} vf]lnPsf] kfOPsf] 5 .
@# / @% r}tdf Joj;foL cg'h cu|jfnsf] ljzfn U?k cGtu{tsf]
o'gfO6]8 6«8] ;{n] rsn]6, lqmd, lhn]6sf pTkfbg / n'uf w'g] l86/h]G6
kfp8/sf nflu Pn;L vl/b u/]sf] b]lvG5 . Pn;L k|ltaGwkl5 klg o'gfO6]8
6«8] ;{n] &* s/f]8 @( nfv ?k}ofFsf] Pn;L vf]ns ] f] b]lvG5 . Pn;L aGb
x'gc ' l3 / kl5 u/]/ glan a}s + / :6\ofG88{ rf6{8{ a}s + af6 ( j6f Pn;Ldfkm{t
Ps ca{ ! s/f]8 % nfv ( xhf/ %^& ?k}ofFsf] Pn;L hf/L ePsf] 5 .
k|ltaGwkl5 dfq} ljzfn ;d"xnfO{ &* s/f]8 @( nfv !) xhf/ %%& ?k}ofF
a/fa/sf] lanf;L j:t' cfoftsf] cg'dlt lbOPsf] 5 . o:t} glan a}s + sf]
Pn;L gDa/ …@@ l8;L )! o"P;8L @%$#(Ú dfkm{t !! nfv # xhf/ @$=$)
cd]l/sL 8n/sf] Pn;L v'ns ] f] b]lvG5 .
glan a}s + sf] Pn;L gDa/ …@@ l8;L )! cfO{ Pgcf/ )@%)*#Ú dfkm{t &
s/f]8 $% nfv &@ xhf/ !!^ ?k}ofF * k};f a/fa/sf] n'uf w'g] l86h]G{ 6 kfp8/
klg cfoftsf nflu Pn;L v'ns ] f] 5 . of] Pn;L ef/tLo ?k}ofF $ s/f]8 ^^
nfv & xhf/ %&# bzdnj %) k};f ef?df Pn;L v'ns ] f] lyof] . a}s
+ x?n] o;/L
Pn;L vf]ns ] f] kfOPkl5 s]xL a}s + x?nfO{ df}lvs ?kd} :ki6Ls/0f ;d]t lnPsf]
;|ft] n] atfof] . yf]/} kl/df0fdf Pn;L vf]Ng] !) j6f a}s + x?n] cTofjZos k/]sf
/ !) nfv ?k}ofF eGbf tnsf] dfq} Pn;L vf]ns ] f] kfOPkl5 /fi6« a}s + n] s'g}
sf/afxL u/]g .
;f]ws
5}g . a}s
7"nf] kl/df0fdf Pn;L vf]Ng] glan a}s
] f] 5}g . Pn;Lsf ljifodf s]Gb|Lo{ a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]gn] a}s
+ nfO{ eg] /fi6« a}s + n] :ki6Ls/0f ;d]t
+ n] eg] s'g} k|ltlqmof lbg klg rfx]sf]
+ jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks,
z]o/wgL, ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|dv ' , kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf cGo s'g} ;DalGwt
JolQmn] of] P]g jf /fi6« a}s +} P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L ePsf] lgod, ljlgod jf
lbOPsf] lgb]z { g jf cfb]z jf zt{sf] pNn+3g u/]df jf /fi6« a}s + n] pNn+3gsf]
k|sl[ t tyf ufDeLo{ x]/L bznfv ?k}ofF ;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 .
gljn a}s + sf dxfk|jGws dgf]h 1jfnLn] cfk"mx?n] Pn;L vf]ns ] f] :jLsf/
u/] . vf]lnPsf ;a} Pn;L /fi6« a}s + sf] lgb]z { g cfpg' cufl8sf] ePsf] pgsf]
bfjL 5 . pgn] /fi6« a}s + sf] lgb]z { gsf] a}s + x?n] eb| kfngf u/]sf] / glan a}s + n]
klg lgofds lgsfosf] ;a} lgb]z { g kfngf u/]sf] bfjL u/] . lgb]z { g cfPkl5
cfk"mx?n] Pn;L gvf]ns ] f] 1jfnLsf] bfjL 5 . t/, cgnfOgva/nfO{ k|fKt
sfuhftdf eg] gljn a}s + n] @! ut] k5fl8 klg Pn;L vf]ns ] f] b]lvG5 . …/fi6«
a}s + n] d'ns ' sf] cy{tGq ;+s6df kg{ nfu]sf] cj:yfdf lnlvt geO{ df}lvs
?kdf s]xL ;do Pn;L gvf]n eg]/ cfu|x u/]sf] lyof], To;kl5 a}s + x?n] eb|
?kdf of] lgb]z { gsf] kfngf u/]sf 5g\Ú cgnfOgva/;Fu pgn] eg], …lgb]z { g
cfPkl5 Pn;L vf]lnof] eGg' ;/f;/ em'7 xf], s]xL s/f]8 gfkmfsf] nf]edf glan
a}s + n] /fi6«as +} sf] lgb]z { gnfO{ cj1f ug{ ;Sb}g .Ú
g]kfndf ;fob} csf]{ a}s + n] ;d]t o:tf] uNtL ug]{ pgn] atfP . cfk"mx?
lgofds lgsfosf] ;a} lgb]z { gnfO{ kfngf u/]/} cufl8 a9]sf] pgsf] bfjL 5 .
…a}s + /;Fu d'gfkmf sdfpg' kg]{ bfloTj;Fu} g}ltstf klg 5, To;df xfdL cl8u
5f},+ Ú1jfnLn] eg] . dfr{ -r}t_ dlxgfdf Pn;L vf]lnPsf] :jLsf/ ub}{ pgn] eg],
…dfr{df a9L Pn;L vf]lng'sf] k5fl8 ef/tLo cy{ k|0ffnLsf] clGtd dlxgf
ePsf sf/0f x/]s jif{ g]kfndf a9L uf8L cfoft x'g] u/]sf] 5, of] jif{ klg ;f]xL
k|jl[ Q bf]xf]l/Psf] xf] .Ú o;df uf8L cfoftstf{ / lgof{tstf{ sDkgLx?aLr
sld;gsf] klg ljifo ePsf] pgn] atfP . t/, o;df a}s + x?n] lgotj; Pn;L
eg] gvf]ns ] f] 1jfnLsf] egfO 5 .
cfO{Pdkmåf/f g]kfnsf] cfly{s
j[l4b/ $=! k|ltzt /xg] k|If]k0f
sf7df8f}F . cGt/f{li6«o d'bf| sf]if -cfO{Pdkm_n] ;g\\ @)@@ df g]kfnsf]
cfly{s j[l4b/ $=! k|ltzt /xg] k|If]k0f u/]sf] 5 . ax'/fli6«o lgsfox? ljZj
a}s
+ / Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}s + s} k|If]k0fsf] lgs6 /x]/ cGt/f{li6«o d'bf| sf]if -
cfO{Pdkm_n] klg g]kfnsf] cfly{s j[l4b/sf] k|If]k0f ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] xf] . o;cl3
ljZj a}s + n] cl3Nnf] ;ftf #=& k|ltzt cfly{s j[l4b/ sfod /xg] k|If]k0f u/]sf]
lyof] . o; jif{ ;/sf/n] ah]6dfkm{t & k|ltzt xf/fxf/Lsf] cfly{s j[l4b/
sfod ug]{ nIo lnPsf] 5 . cfOPdPkmsf cg';f/ Pl;ofnL e]usf ljsf;l;n
d'ns' df cf};tM %=$ k|ltztsf] cfly{s j[l4b/ sfod /xg] 5 . Pl;ofsf
ljsl;t d'ns ' sf] eg] @=& k|ltzt cfly{s j[l4b/ sfod /xg] 5 . k'/} Pl;ofsf]
eg] $=( k|ltzt cfly{s j[l4b/ /xg] 5 . blIf0f Pl;ofnL e]udf ef/tn] *=@,
a+unfb]zn] ^=$, >Ln+sfn] @=^ k|ltztsf] cfly{s j[l4b/ k|fKt ug]5 { .
otf, s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefun] rfn' cfly{s jif{ @)&* . &( sf nflu %=*
k|ltzt cfly{s j[l4b/ xfFl;n x'g] k|If]k0f ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . rfn' cfjsf] ^
b]lv ( dlxgf;Ddsf] cfly{s If]qx?sf] cfFs8f tyf ;"rgfx?sf] cfwf/df
ljefun] ;f] k|f/lDes cg'dfg u/]sf] xf] . ut cfj @)&&.&* df #=*# k|ltzt
/xg] cg'dfg u/]sf] lyof] . ;/sf/n] eg] ah]6dfkm{t & k|ltztsf] cfly{s
j[l4b/ xfl;n ug]{ nIo /fv]sf] lyof] . ljefusf] cfFsng ;/sf/L nIoeGbf
!=@) k|ltzt sd /x]sf] 5 . o;cl3 cGt/f{li6«o d'bf| sf]ifn] rfn' cfly{s
jif{df $=!) k|ltztsf] cfly{s j[l4 x'g] k|If]k0f u/]sf] 5 .
ljefun] rfn' cfly{s jif{sf nflu jflif{s /fli6«o n]vf cg'dfg ;fj{hlgs
ub}{ k|ltJolQm s'n ufx{:y pTkfbg ! xhf/ #&@ cd]l/sL 8n/ / k|ltJolQm
/fli6«o cfo ! xhf/ #*! cd]l/sL 8n/ a/fa/ /x]sf] atfPsf] 5 . rfn'
cfly{s jif{sf] ( dlxgf cjlwsf] oyfy{ tYof+s / afFsL tLg dlxgfsf] cg'dfgsf
cfwf/df of] tYof+s ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] ljefun] hgfPsf] 5 . ljefusf cg';f/
rfn" cfly{s jif{df s[lif If]qsf] j[l4b/ @=# k|ltzt, pBf]usf] j[l4b/ !)=#
k|ltzt / ;]jf If]qsf] j[l4b/ %=( k|ltzt x'g] ljefusf] cg'dfg 5 . g]kfnsf]
cy{tGqsf] cfsf/ $! va{ % ca{ %$ s/f]8 / pkef]Qmf d"Nosf cfwf/df $*
va{ %! ca{ ^@ s/f]8 /x]sf] klg ljefun] hgfPsf] 5 .
of] cfly{s jif{df s[lif If]q @=#) k|ltzt / u}/s[lif If]q ^=** k|ltztn]
a9\g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] s'n ufx{:y pTkfbgdf s[lif If]qn]
@#=(% k|ltzt / u}/s[lif If]qn] &^=)% k|ltzt of]ubfg /xg] k|f/lDes cg'dfg
ul/Psf] 5 . ;f7L jif{bl] v /fli6«o n]vf cg'dfg k|sfzg ub}{ cfO/x]sf] s]Gb|Lo
tYof+s ljefun] lhl8kL u0fgfsf] cfwf/ jif{ @)^& . ^* kl/jt{g ul/Psf]
lyof] . xfn ;f]xL cfwf/ jif{sf cfwf/df ljefun] tYof+s ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] xf] .
 @)&( ;fn j}zfv !* ut] cfOtaf/ 7

Dofgdf/df alNem“bf] ;}Go zf;g / sdhf]/ gful/s zf;g cGt/f{li6«o===== cWoog ug{, To;nfO{ cfTd;flts/0f
cfˆgf] k"0f{sflng sfo{stf{sf] e/0fkf]if0f ug{ / hLjg Jojxf/df nfu" ug{ clgjfo{
lhDdf klg kf6L{n] ul/lbPsf] x'gk' 5{ x'G5 . t;y{ s'g} klg qmflGtsf/L JolQm
;} l gs zf;g cGt/utsf] lnu km/ 8]df]qm];Ln] 7"nf] ax'dtn] ul/a /fi6«sf]?kdf kl/0ft x'g k'Uof] . ;d]t cf/f]k 5 . eg] p;sf kl/jf/sf ;d:ofx? klg dfn]dfjfbL dfq ag]/ x'bF g} , p;n]
Dofgdf/sf] Ps cbfntn] Tof] b]zsL laho xfl;n u/]sf] lyof] . t/ ;]gfn] To; kl/l:yltdf adf{df !(** sf] csf]{lt/ Dofgdf/df /f]lx+Uof Go"gtd ?kdf eP klg kf6L{n] g} ;dfwfg cfk"mx¿ ljZjb[li6sf]0fdf ?kfGt/0f u/]/
k|l;4 tyf nf]slk|o k"j{ g]t[ cfª Tof] r'gfjdf Jofks wfFwnL ePsf] cu:6 / ;]K6]Da/ dlxgf rn]sf] hg d';ndfgx?sf] ;d:of klg uDeL/ ug]{ pkfox? ldnfpg' kg]{ x'G5 . To;f] ;Rrf qmflGtsf/L aGgsf nflu hLjg
;d:ofsf]?kdf /x]sf] 5 . ToxfFsf] ul/of] eg] dfq p;n] lgl:kmu|L eP/ Jojxf/df v/f] ?kdf k|:t't x'g h?/L
;fª ;" rLnfO{ e|i6frf/sf] d'2fdf cf/f]k nufP/ ;Qf cfˆgf] sAhfdf cfGbf]ng pTsif{df k'u]sf] lyof] . x'G5 . cfhsf cfw'lgs dhb'/x?n] klg
kfF r jif{ s f] sf/faf;sf] ;hfo lnPsf] lyof] . clxn] ToxfF s] cfz+sf To;a]nf !(*& df g] aLgsf] ;/sf/n] r' g fjdf klg tL cNk;+ V os ;+u7gn] v6fPsf] sfd ug{ ;Sg] s'/f
cfpF5 . of] j}1flgs tYonfO{ :jLsf/g} k5{ . of]
;'gfPsf] 5 . Dofgdf/sf] ;]gfn] Ps ul/b}5 eg] ;}lgs zf;g cGt/utsf] PsfPs b]zdf gf]6aGbL ul/lbof] . /f]lx+Uofx?nfO{ dtflwsf/af6 al~rt cfhsf] o'usf] dfu klg xf] .
#_ cGo ;d:ofx?
jif{ cl3 @)@! sf] km]ac
'| /L dlxgfdf cbfntn] cfª ;fË ;"rLnfO{ gofF– a} + s df hDdf ul/Psf gf] 6 x? /flvPsf] 5 . clxn] Dofgdf/sf] dhb'/ tyf kf6L{ Sof8/x?sf dfly 8_ dhb'/x?sf] cfufdL sfo{ef/
gful/s ;Qf kN6fpg] ;]gf k|dv ' / cfhsf] o'u ;fd|fHojfb / ;j{xf/f
nf]sgf/fo0f ;'ab] L hg/n ldg cfË XnfOË pgsf]
pNn]v ul/Psfafx]s cGo /fhgLlts,
;fF:s[lts, dfgl;s, Jojxfl/s ;d:of ju{aLrsf] eLif0f ju{;3+ if{sf] o'u xf] .
q" m /tfsf nflu ljZjd} bl/Psf] x'G5, x'g ;S5g\, tL ;d:ofx?sf] ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{sf dxfg\ g]tf n]lggsf]
bf]>f] ljZj o'4sf a]nf Tof] hfgsf/x? cf}+NofpFb5g\ . bz jif{ ;dfwfgsf] kxn klg kf6L{n] ug{k' g]{ x'G5 . ;+Zn]if0fcg';f/ cfhsf] o'u j}1flgs
cl3 @)!@ df Dofgdf/sf] /vfOg sfo{stf{ eg]sf kf6L{sf ;DklQ x'g\ . ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] k"ja{ n] fsf] o'u xf] .
/vfOg k|fGt blIf0f k"j{ k|fGtdf u[x o'4sf] h:tf] l:ylt pTkGg pgLx¿sf] x]/rfx, /]vb]v / ;+/If0f ug]{ To;f] eP/ cfufdL ljZj qmflGt k"/f
Plzofdf rln/x]sf] o'4sf] ePsf] lyof] . ;]gfnfO{ /f]lx+Uofx?dfly sfd klg kf6L{sf] bfloTjleq kb{5 . t/, ug{sf lglDt cfhsf] cfw'lgs dhb'/
cTofrf/ u/]sf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] lyof] . Pp6f qmflGtsf/L of]4f ;Dk"0f{ ?kdf kf/d} ju{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|dv ' xltof/ xf] .
qmddf ;a}eGbf cufl8 /x]sf] Dofgdf/sf] ;]gfn] cu:6 !(!& df e/ k/L /xg' x'bF g} . cfk"mn] klg kxnsb\dL To;}n] cfhsf] cfw'lgs dhb'/ ju{sf]
lng'k5{ . of] s'/f Pp6f qmflGtsf/L of]4fsf] P]ltxfl;s sfo{ef/ eg]sf] ljZj qmflGt
lyof] . /f]lxª\Uof ;d'bfosf Tof] /vfOg k|fGtdf /St /l~ht ;DkGg ug{' xf] . of] ;lhnf] ljifo xf]Og,
cleofg g} rnfPsf] atfOG5 . h;df c;nL st{Jo leq kb{5 .
7_ ljZjb[ l i6sf] 0 fdf ?kfGt/0f Hofb} sl7g ljifo xf] . lsgeg] qmflGt
dflg;x?n] a[6]g / p;sf k/]/ xhf/f}+ /f]lx+Uof d';ndfgx? h?/L ;f]emf] af6f]af6 cufl8 a9\bg} . qmflGt
;xof]uLx?sf] tkm{af6 hfkfgL dfl/Psf lyP . Tolta]nf kfFrnfv cfdqmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6x¿sf afËf]l6Ëf] af6f] eP/ cufl8 a9\5, cyf{t\
hlt /f]lx+Uofx?n] cfºgf] yft ynf] ;fy} dhb'/lj?4 klg ljZjb[li6sf]0fdf qmflGtsf] af6f] ;kf{Onsf] af6f] eP/
;]gfnfO{ 6Ss/ lbPsf] lyof] . 5f]8]/ l5d]sL a+ufnfb]z / cGo ?kfGt/0f x'g h?/L x'G5 . dfS;{jfb cufl8 a9\5 . o;sf lglDt dhb'/
b]zx?df efUg' k/]sf] lyof] . Tof] ;j{xf/f ju{sf] d'lQmsf] l;4fGt xf] . /, ju{ bfz{lgs ?kn], j}rfl/s ?kn],
Tof] /vfOg k|fGtdf adL{ /vfOg k| f Gtdf lau| b f] l:ylt dfS;{sf] bz{g åGåfTds tyf P]ltxfl;s ;}4flGts ?kn], ;f+u7lgs ?kn] /
;d'bfo / /vfOgsf af}4x?n] ;DxfNgsf nflu ToxfFsf] ;/sf/n] s'g} ef}ltsjfb xf] . åGåfTds tyf P]ltxfl;s ef}lts - kmf}hL_ ?kn] ;d]t tof/ x'gk' g]{
7f]; sbd p7fpg ;s]g . To;sf] ef}ltsjfb g} ;j{xf/f >dhLlj ju{ / x'G5 . of] sfd p;sf] bfloTj / st{Jo
eg] n8fO{df hfkfgnfO{ ;fy kmfObf ;]gfn] p7fof] / ;]gf gful/s qmflGtsf/L sDo' l g:6x¿sf] leq kb{5 . oL zt{x? k"/f gu/]sf
ljZjb[li6sf]0f xf] . ;+;f/nfO{ x]g,{] a'‰g], dhb'/x?n] ljZj qmflGtsf] P]ltxfl;s
lbPsf lyP . !($@ / !($# sf aLr b'a} tkm{af6 w]/} dflg;sf] Hofg ;/sf/eGbf ;an aGg uPsf]
JofVof ug]{ / abNg] ;fwg eg] s} oxL sfo{ef/ k'/f ug{ c;Dej x'G5 . g]kfn
b]lvof] . To:tf] a]nfdf /f]lx+Uof / dxfg\ g]kfnL qmflGtsf] s'/f ul//bf
uPsf] atfOG5 . o; kl/k|]Iodf s] elgG5 eg] ljZj ;d'bfon] olb d';ndfgdfly eO/x]sf] cTofrf/sf] dfS;{ j fbL bz{ g xf] , hf] clxn]
dfS;{jfbsf] u'0ffTds ljsf;sf] bf];f| ] s] s'/fnfO{ x]Ssfdf /fVg'kg]{ x'G5 eg]
k|efjsf/L bafa lbg ;s]g eg] clxn] klg ToxfF hgwgsf] eo+s/ 7"nf] qmddf gf]a]n k'/:sf/n] ;Ddflgt r/0fdfn] n]lggjfb / dfS;{jfb – g]kfn clxn];Dd klg cw{;fdGtL /
Dofgdf/ g]t[ ;"rL df}g ;fw]/ lsg n]lggjfbsf] u'0ffTds ljsf;sf] t];f| ] / cw{pklgj]lzs cj:yfd} 5 . xfd|f] h:tf]
gf]S;fg x'g ;St5 . o; ;DjGwdf ;+o'St /fi6« ;+3b]lv lnP/ al;g\ < To;n] ubf{ pgsf] klg ;j{q gofF r/0fdf dfcf]jfbsf] ljsf; eO;s] cj:yf ePsf] b]zdf ul/g] qmflGt eg]sf]
cfnf]rgf x'gyfNof] . 5 . cfh dfS;{jfb – n]lggjfb – gofF hgjfbL qmflGt g} xf] . cyf{t\ gofF
ljZjdf ;a} dfgaflwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt ;+3 ;+:yfn] klg s8f cfjfh Tolta] n f nuftf/ /f] l x+ U of dfcf]jfb ljZj ;j{xf/fju{sf] d'lQmsf] vfn] k'hF LjfbL qmflGt g} xf] .
p7fpg' kg]{ / ljz]if kxn ug'{ kg]{ b]lvPsf] /fhgLlts n]vfhf]vf ug]{ d';ndfgx?dfly eO/x]sf] xTof / l;4fGt ag] s f] 5 . o;/L cfh o; k|sf/sf] dxfg\ g]kfnL gofF
bdgsf lj?4sf] ;}Go lx+;f /f]Sgsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o ;j{xf/f ju{sf] xftdf Pp6f hgjfbL qmflGt k"/f ug]{ P]ltxfl;s
ljZn]ifsx? cf}+NofO/x]sf 5g\ . h:tf] ;Qfd'vL k/Dk/faf6 Dofgdf/sf] ljZj rlr{t cfs{ lazk 8];d08 ;fj{ef}d l;4fGtsf] l;+uf] ce]B OsfO{sf sfo{ef/ cfh g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -
?kdf dfS;{jfb – n]lggjfb – dfcf]jfb qmflGtsf/L dfcf]jfbL_ sf] sfFwdf cfPsf]
;]gf rNb} cfPsf] 5, To;n] ubf{ ToxfF hgtflGqs clwsf/ / gful/s 6"6b" l] v lnP/ gf]an] k'/:sf/n] ;Ddflgt
/x]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbnfO{ cfhsf] ljZjsf] 5 . o; k|sf/sf] P]ltxfl;s sfo{ef/
dnfnf o";k" mhfO{;Ddn] cfª ;fË ;"
:jtGqtfn] ;xL lsl;dn] h/f hdfpg gkfPsf] l:ylt 5 . dfS;{jfb – n]lggjfbsf] ?kdf u|x0f k"/f ug{ of] kf6L{n] cfˆg} cfGtl/s
rL;Fu clkn ;d]t ub}{ /x]sf] ;'lgPsf] zlQmdfly e/ kg{k' g]5 { , cfkm}nF ] ;+ul7t
/ b]lvPsf] xf] . t/ zflGt / ;'Joj:yf gu/L sf]xL klg ;Rrf sDo'lg:6 aGg
;Qm}g . cfhsf] ljZjsf] dfS;{jfb – u/]sf dhb'/ – ls;fg / cfd
tyf bdg /f]Sg ul/Psf] Tof] clknnfO{ n] l ggjfb ePsf] n ] g} ;+ ; f/df hg;d'bfodf e/ kg]5 { eg] o;sf
ToxfFsf] lgjf{lrt gul/s ;/sf/sf] gofF ;hfo ;'gfpg yfn]sf] 5 / ToxfF cdf} l b| s /0f-l8df] l g6fOh] z g_sf] a]jf:tf u/]/ df}g a:g] sfd ;" rLn] k|ltlqmofjfbL ;+zf]wgjfbLx?n] dfcf]jfb cltl/Qm cGo b]zel/ 5l/P/ /x]sf
;Qf kN6fPkl5 ;" rLnfO{ pgsf] hgtfdfly yk bdg tLa| ? kdf bfo/fdf NofOP . To; sbdn] adf{sf] ul/g\ . jf:tjdf o; dfldnfdf pgn] Pjd\ dfcf]jfbLx?dfly eLif0f xdnf qmflGtsf/L wf/fdf /x]sf sDo'lg:6
lgjf;d} gh/aGb /fv]sf] lyof] . clxn] a9fpg ;Sg] 5 . cy{ Joj:yfdfly cem lagfzsf/L klg cfºgf lktf cfª ;fgn] h:t} af6f] ul//x]sf 5g\ . qmflGtsf/L kf6L{x? / JolQmx? ;d]tnfO{
e|i6frf/df kmF;fpg] tf/tDo ldnfPsf] Oltxf;nfO{ x]g{] xf] eg] ;g\ !(** k|efa kg{ uof] . clg utjif{ klg clVtof/ u/]sf] b]lvof] . h;/L dfS;{jfb – n]lggjfbsf] Pstfa4 u/]/ PsLs[t qmflGtsf/L
b] l vF b } 5 . pgn] ;] g fsf pRr sf] lab|f]x cfw'lgs Dofgdf/sf] ;} l gs ;Qf x:tutsf sf/0fn] bf]>f] ljZj o'4sf a]nf Tof] /vfOg :yfkgf sDo'lg:6 qmflGtsf/Lx?åf/f ;a} sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ lgdf{0f ug{ h?/L x'G5 .
clwsf/L;Fu 8n/ / ;"g 3"; lnPsf] Oltxf;sf] Pp6f lg0ff{os df]8 lyof] . Dofgdf/sf hgtfnfO{ på]lnt u/]/ k|fGt blIf0f k"j{ Plzofdf rln/x]sf] vfn] k|ltlqmofjfb, ;+zf]wgjfb / o;sf ;fy} kf6L{n] qmflGtsf tLg hfb'doL
cf/f]k nufOPsf] 5 . t/, ;"rLn] Tolta]nf Dofgdf/sf] ;}lgs zf;gn] emSemSofPsf] lyof] . tyflk ToxfFsf] o'4sf] qmddf ;a}eGbf cufl8 /x]sf] cj;/jfbsf lj?4 ;+3if{sf qmddf xltof/sf ?kdf /x]sf] kf6L{, ;]gf / ;+oQ' m
cbfntsf] of] cf/f]ksf 7f8} c:jLsf/ ToxfFsf] cy{tGqnfO{ h:tf] lsl;dn] gful/s cfGbf]ngnfO{ s'lNrgsf nflu lyof] . /f]lxª\Uof ;d'bfosf dflg;x?n] ePsf] xf], To;/L g} cfh dfcf]jfbsf] df]rf{ cflb af/]df hf]8 lbg h?/L dfq
a[6g] / p;sf ;xof]uLx?sf] tkm{af6 :yfkgf klg lgd{d j}rfl/s, ;}4flGts, xf]Og, st{Jo aGg k'us] f] 5 . dxfg\ g]kfnL
u/]sL 5g\ . o;cl3 g} ;" rLnfO{ tx; gx; kf/]sf] lyof] To;sf] lj/f]wdf ;}lgs lx+;f clxn];Dd !(** sf] qmflGtsf] P]ltxfl;s sfo{ef/ k"/f ug]{
cGo ljleGg d'2fdf 5 jif{sf] h]n hgtfsf] 7"nf] c;Gt'li6sf] la:kmf]6 :t/df k'us ] f] 5}g elgb}5 . hfkfgL ;]gfnfO{ 6Ss/ lbPsf] lyof] . bfz{lgs ;+3if{sf aLraf6 eO/x]sf] 5 .
o;nfO{ cfTd;flts/0f ug{' ;a} o; dxfg\ cleofgdf gf}nf] g]kfn /rgf
;hfosf] km};nf klg ;'gfO;s]sf] 5 . ePsf] lyof] . To;cl3 ;}lgs hg/n t/ clxn] klg l:ylt emg emg Tof] /vfOg k|fGtdf adL{ ;d'bfo / ug]{ P]ltxfl;s bfloTj axg ul//x]sf]
dfcf]jfbL qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6x¿sf]
olta]nf ;" rLnfO{ e|i6frf/ cGo !) g] jLgn] !(^@ df ;Qf kN6fP/ zf;g gfh's aGb} uPsf] oyfy{ s'g s'/fn] /vfOgsf af}4x?n] eg] n8fO{df st{Jo aGg k'us ] f] 5 . oxfFlg/ s] g]kfnsf] cfw'lgs dhb'/ ju{n] g]kfnL
j6f cf/f]k klg nflu;s]sf 5g\ . of] ;Qf sAhf u/]sf lyP . Dofgdf/df bzf{pb5 eg] h;n] ;}lgs zf;g hfkfgnfO{ ;fy lbPsf lyP . !($@ s'/fnfO{ hf]8 lbg vf]lhPsf] xf] eg] ls;fg hg;d'bfo;Fu Psfsf/ e}
ck/fw u/]afkt pgnfO{ clwstd\ ;}lgs zf;gnfO{ …tfdbf}Ú eGg] ul/G5 . of ;]gfsf] lj/f]w ub{5 / nf]stflGqs / !($# sf aLr b'a} tkm{af6 w]/} qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6x¿ / cfd>dhLlj bfz{lgs, j}rfl/s, ;}4flGts, /fhgLlts,
!% jif{sf] h]n ;hfo / h/Ldfgf ToxfF ;]gfsf] s] dfGotf /xFb} cfPsf] cfGbf]ngdf ;fd]n x'G5 ltgsf] ;fy} dflg;sf] Hofg uPsf] atfOG5 . o; ju{ Pjd\ ;+;f/ abNg] / gofF ;+;f/sf] ;f+u7lgs Pj+ kmf}hL ?kn] ;d]t tof/
klg x'g] k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . o:t} c? b]lvG5 eg] gful/s zf;gn] b]znfO{ ltgsf gft]bf/ / ;xof]uL ;d]tsf] kl/k|]Iodf s] elgG5 eg] ljZj /rgf ug]{ P]ltxfl;s lhDd]jf/L axg x'g' cfhsf] ckl/xfo{ cfjZostf aGg
d'2fdf klg bf]ifL 7x/fOPdf pgdfly Psh'6 /fVg] Ifdtf /fVb}g . Tolta]nf of t xTof ug]{ ul/G5 of lx/f;tdf ;d'bfon] olb k|efjsf/L bafa lbg ul//x]sf cfw'lgs dhb'/x?n] dfS;{jfb uPsf] 5 . l/dsf] lj36g kl5 cfh
;a} ldnfP/ Ps ;o jif{eGbf a9L hg/n g] l agn] adf{ -clxn] s f] aGb ul/g] ul/G5 . sof} k6s t ;s]g eg] clxn] klg ToxfF hgwgsf] – n]lggjfb – dfcf]jfbsf] uxg cWoog sDo'lg:6 qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] cGt/f{li6«o
;do h]ndf a:g' kg]{ l:ylt v8f Dofgdf/nfO{ Tolta]nf adf{ elgGYof]_sf] a]kQf kfg]{ ;d]t u/]sf] cf}+Nofpg] eo+s/ 7"nf] gf]S;fg x'g ;St5 . o; ug{ h?/L 5 . o;nfO{ cWoog, s]Gb| 5}g . sDo'lg:6 qmflGtsf/L
x'g;S5 . gf]an ] k'/:sf/n] ;Ddflgt ;Dks{ afFsL ;+;f/;Fu k"/} sfl6lbPsf] ul/G5 . ltgsf 3/df /ftf/ft ;DjGwdf ;+o'St /fi6« ;+3b]lv lnP/ lrGtgdg\ u/]/ dfq} k'Ub}g, o;nfO{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] cGt/f{li6«o qmflGtsf/L
ljZjdf ;a} dfgaflwsf/;F u cfTd;flts/0f ug]{ / hLjg Jojxf/df sDo'lg:6 s]Gb| lgdf{0f ug]{ kxn ul//x]sf
nf]stGqjfbL g]t[ ;" rLn] Dofgdf/sf] lyof] . Tolt a]nfsf] ljZjdf zLto'4sf] 5fkfdfg] { / cft+ l st t' N ofpg 5g\ . cfw'lgs dhb'/x?n] P]Soa4tf
;}lgs zf;gsf] cax]ngf u/]sf] sf/0fn] ljZj b'O{ v]dfdf ljeQm lyof] . ul/G5 . ;'/Iff ;]gfn] n}+lus tyf ;DalGwt ;+3 ;+:yfn] klg s8f nfu" ug{' g} qmflGtsf/Lsf] st{Jo aGg
hfG5 . lsgeg] bz{gljgfsf] dfG5] hgfpg cfjZos 5 . of] P]ltxfl;s
cf/f]kdf klxNo} klg w]/} jif{ gh/aGbL t/ hg/n g] lagn] eg] s'g} v]dflt/ of}gf lx+;f ug{df klg s'g} s;/ g/fVg] cfjfh p7fpg' kg]{ / ljz]if kxn sfo{ef/ / st{Jo k"/f ug{ dhb'/ –
nË8f] aGg hfG5 . cyf{ t \
hLjg latfO;s]sL 5g\ . nfUg klg c:jLsf/ ul/lbPsf lyP . u/]sf] pNn]v ul/G5 . elgG5 ToxfF ug'{ kg]{ b]lvPsf] /fhgLlts n]vfhf]vf ljZjb[li6sf]0fljgfsf] dfG5] h/fljgfsf] dhb'/x?sf aLrdf Pstf sfod ug{
Dofgdf/sf] ;]gfn] ut jif{ @)@! To;sf] ljk/Lt a? pgn] ;gssf] clxn] lzIfs tyf sd{rf/L ;}lgs ug]{ ljZn]ifsx? cf}+NofO/x]sf 5g\ . ?v ;/x aGb5 . t;y{ p;Fu ;+;f/nfO{ TolQs} h?/L x'G5, j}1flgs ;fDojfbsf
df cª ;fË ;"rL ;/sf/sf] ;Qf e/df km};nf lng] Ps bnLo Joj:yfsf] bdgsf] k|fyldstfdf k/]sf 5g\ . h:tf] ;Qfd' v L k/Dk/faf6 x]g,{ a'‰g, JofVof ug{ / abNg] r]tgf l;4fGtsf/ Pj+ bfz{lgs sfn{ dfS;{n]
kN6fOlbPsf] lyof] / pgL nufot cf/De u/] . To;df ;]gfsf] ar{Zj Dofgdf/sf] ;] g fn] lj/f] w Lx?sf] Dofgdf/sf] ;]gf rNb} cfPsf] 5, lgdf{0f ug{sf lglDt p;Fu ljZjb[li6sf]0f ljZjljVoft sDo'lg:6 3f]if0ffkq
sof} zLif{ g]tfx?nfO{ ;}lgs lx/f;tdf /x]sf] lyof] . tTkZrft rfF8} g} g] bdgsf qmddf ufpFF ufpFdF f 5fkf dfg]{ To;n] ubf{ ToxfF hgtflGqs clwsf/ x'g h?/L 5 . p;n] ljZjb[li6sf]0f n08gaf6 hf/L ub}{ ;g\ !*$* km]ac '| /L
sf]rs ] f] lyof] . sf/0f ut jif{ ;DkGg jLgsf] adf{ ;f]lzolni6 k|fu] f| d kf6L{sf u/]sf], 3/ 3/df cfuf] nufOlbg] / gful/s :jtGqtfn] ;xL lsl;dn] dfn]dfjfbL bz{gaf6 k|fKt ub{5 . To;f] @! lbg eGg'ePsf] lyof]– æ;+;f/sf
ePsf] cfd lgjf{rgdf ;" rLsf] kf6L{ unt lg0f{ox?n] ubf{ adf{ ljZjsf] u/]sf] / dflg;x?sf] xTof ug]{ u/]sf] h/f hdfpg gkfPsf] l:ylt 5 . eP/ g} p;n] dfn]dfjfbL bz{gsf] uxg dhb'/x? xf], Ps xf]cf}+ .Æ
 8 sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#÷@)^#÷^$
g]kfn=====
s~rghLn] cnu s]Gb|sf ?kdf
jQmJo lgsfn]kl5 nuQ} ;lrjfnosf
sd/] 8 x?;F u 5nkmn ul/of] .
;a}lt/sf ;'emfj Pj+ ;'bz{g /
s~rgsf uNtLx?sf] k|s[lt x]bf{
pxfFx? lgs} k/ k'lu;s]sf], ljleGg
a}7s Pj+ e]nf;d]t ub}{ lxF8s ] f]n] kf6L{
ljwfgcg';f/ b'j}hgfnfO{ clglZrt
;dosf nflu ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/Laf6
d'Qm ul/Psf] hfgsf/L u/fOG5 .
xfdL kf6L{df o:tf] gxf];\ eGg] rfxGYof}+
t/ ljleGg tTjx?sf] pS;fx6 d'VotM
;'bz{g / s~rgs} c/fhstfjfbL,
cj;/jfbL, ljrngjfbL ultljlwsf
sf/0f of] lg0f{o lng' kg]{ cj:yf
;[hgf ePsf] 5 . tyflk xfdL ;a}
kf6L{ k+lQmnfO{ afx|f] k"0f{ j}7ssf kfl/t
k| : tfj / lg0f{ o x?nfO{ /Iff /
sfo{Gjog ub}{ lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9\g
ljz]if clkn ub{5f}+ .Æ
g]t[Tjsf]=====
u/f}+ eGbf ;+zf]wgjfbL eGg] b[li6sf]0f
cfkm}+ /x:odo 5 . dxf;lrjn] h]
eGof] To;sf] l7s pN6f] gf/f nufpg]
pgLx?sf] if8\oGq lyof] . kf6L{n]
alxisf/ eg]sf] eP pgLx? pkof]u
jf k|of]u eGy] . s~rgsf] af}l4stf
/ OdfGbf/Ltfk|lt k|Zg p7fpg] 7fpF
lyPg t/ pxfFnfO{ c?n] k|of]u u/] .
slxn]sfxLF x'/L rNbf ;Unf ?vx?
klg 9Nbf /x]5g\ . /fhgLltnfO{
Odfgbf/Ltf / kf/blz{tf x'g'k5{ .
clxn]sf] ljjfbsf] d"n sf/0f cfly{s
lyof] eg] ToxL ljifo p7fOPsf] eP
x'GYof] . ca ljjfbsf] h8 ;fd"lxs
g]tT[ j k|0ffnLdf cfPsf] ;d:of xf]
eg] k|i6 eGg' kb{Yof] . c;Gt'li6nfO{
e8\ s fpg] sfd eof] . ;a}
c;Gt'li6x?nfO{ kf6L{ / g]tT[ jlj?4
ptf/]/ g]tf aGg] dxTjfsf+Iff agfpg]
if8\oGq eof] .
@= uf]oaNzx?n] h] ub}{5g\ Tof]
eG5g\ – uf] o aNzx?sf] Pp6f
l;4fGt x'G5 em'6sf] ;fd|fHo v8f
ug]{ . em'6f] s'/f xhf/ k6s bf]xf]¥ofP/
;To a/fa/ x'G5 . pgLx?sf] csf]{
klg l;4fGt x'G5 Tof] xf] M eGg] Pp6f
ug]{ csf]{ . uf]ojNzx? ;+;bLo
Joj:yf d'bf{jfb eGg'sf] tfTko{ pgLx?
To;}df hfFb5 } g\ . uf]ojNzx?n] qmflGt
eGg'sf] cy{ k|ltqmflGt xf] / pgLx?n]
Pstfsf] gf/f nufpg'sf] cy{ km'6g\ '
xf] . km'6\g' 5 eg] Pstfsf] gf/f
nufpF5g\ clg rf]g{' 5 eg] c?nfO{
rf]/ eG5g\ . b'Mvsf ;fy eGg'k5{
!# cf}+ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7sdf
ldqtfk"0f{ ax; ePg . ax;df kf6L{
/ g]tT[ jk|lt wf/] xft nufpg] sfd
eof] . km/s dt cfPg t/ ljkl/t
ljrf/sf] kIfkf]if0f eof] . ax;df xfd|f]
ju{ b'Zdgsf] clg ldqx?sf] k|jl[ Qsf]
;dLIff ePg . b'ZdgnfO{ sdhf]/
agfpg] ljifodf lrGtg ePg t/
Gjf/fgb] l vsf] an nufP/ d" n
g]t[Tjdfly xdnf eof] . /fhgLlts
?kdf alxisf/sf] d'2f unt lyPg
t/ lgof]lht if8\oGq /x:odo lyof] .
alxisf/ jf k|of]u s] ubf{ kf6L{ /
qmflGtnfO{ kmfObf k'U5 eGg] sf]0faf6
ax; x'g' h?/L lyof] . dxf;lrjsf]
k|:tfj w]/} b'/bzL{ lyof] / kf6L{nfO{
b]ze } / :yflkt u/fpg] 7"nf] cj;/
klg lyof] . ;+;bjfbLx?aLrsf]
zq' t fk" 0 f{ cGt/lj/f] w klg xfd| f
nflu cg's"n lyof] . of] cj;/nfO{
pkof]u ug]{ ;afndf 7"nf] cj/f]w
l;h{ g f ul/of] . To;sf/0f kf6L{
leq} uf]oaNx? hlGdPkl5 g]t[Tj
7"nf] ;+s6df kg'{ :jefljs lyof] .
;j{ q Pp6f e| d / c:ki6tf
pTkGg ug]{ sfd eof] . cGtTjuTjf
e|d l6Sb}g / ;To l6S5 . /fhgLlt
Ifl0fs :jfy{df l6Sb}g / o;sf]
nfdf] ofqf x'G5 .
#= 3f]if0ff ub}{df kf6L{ aGb}g
M kf6L{sf] 3f]if0ff ug'{ s'g 7"nf] s'/f
eof] / < 3f]if0ff ub}{df kf6L{ aGb}g .
kf6L{ rnfpg ljrf/ g]t[Tj clg
k|lta4tf rflxG5 . c/fhstfsf]
tf08j g[Toaf6 aGg] kf6L{sf] eljio
b]lvg] g} 5 . csf]{ s'/f ;+;bLo
kf6L{df lano x'gsf nflu of] if8\oGq
ePsf] xf] eGg] s'/fdf z+sf 5}g .
kf6L{ agfpg' jf 3f]if0ff ug'n { fO{ hLt
If]Kof:q k|sfzg s]Gb|åf/f k|sflzt, ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M yfkfufpF, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com d'bs
7fGg' dxfe|dafx]s s]xL xf]Og .
kf6L{leq ldqtfk"0f{ k|lt:kwf{ rflxG5 .
s]xL JolQmx?sf] r/d dxTjfsf+Iff /
pS;fx6 g} clxn]sf] d'Vo ;d:of
aGof] . To;sf/0f Oltxf;df w]/}
kf6L{x? ag] / alno klg eP .
$= alxisf/sf] ;+;bjfbL ktg
M ;}4flGts ?kdf ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf]
lj?4 ul/g] alxisf/ unt x'Fb}g .
o;sf] k|of]u / sfof{Gjogaf6 To;sf]
d"Nof+sg ug'k{ 5{ . lgDg cj:yfdf
alxisf/ klg ;+;bjfbs} cË aG5 –
s_ alxisf/ eGg] t/ cGo
bnnfO{ lhtfpg df]ndf]nfO{ ug]{ .
v_ pDd]bjf/;Fu rGbf dfUg]
clg cfk"m jgef]h ug]{ .
u_ cfkm\gf ;dy{snfO{ s'g}
pDd]bjf/ jf bnnfO{ dtbfg ug{
k|efljt ug]{ .
3_ xfdLn] alxisf/ ubf{ xfd|f
z'elrGtsx? s] u5{g\ < ef]6 xfNg
t hfG5g\ clg To;af6 s;n] kmfObf
lnG5g\ < clxn]sf] ;Gbe{df sf]xL ;Qf
u7aGwg t sf]xL Pdfn]nfO{ dtbfg
u5{g\ . of] ljlwn] cGtTjuTjf xfdLnfO{
klg k|efljt ub{5 . oL ;a} ;d:ofsf]
xn k|of]u xf] . k|of] u af6 xfd| f
dtbftfsf] /Iff x'G5 . To;sf/0f
alxisf/ jf k| o f] u b' j } s f]
;r] t tfk" j { s cEof; ug' { k b{ 5 .
alxisf/ eGg] t/ 3/df ;'Tg] sfo{nfO{
hgtfn] emg} ljZjf; ub} { g g\ .
alxisf/ jf k|of]u h] ubf{ klg
;lqmotfk"js { ug'k{ b{5 . alxisf/ jf
k|of]unfO{ xfd|f] /0fgLlts p2]Zo;Fu
hf]8]df dfq xfdL ;kmn x'g]5f}+ .
%= Pd;L;Llj?4sf] ;+3if{ /
ljefhgsf] b':;fx; M ;a}nfO{ yfxf
5, Pd;L;Llj?4sf] ;+3if{sf sf/0f
kf6L{lj?4 uDeL/ if8\oGqx? ePsf
5g\ . kf6L{ ljefhgsf] b':;fx; /
;fd|fHojfbL if8\oGqsf aLr s'g}
;fF7ufF7 5 jf ;+of]u dfq xf] eGg]
k| Z gsf] pQ/ vf] H g' k 5{ . of]
ljefhgaf6 x'g] IfltnfO{ k"lt{ ug{
;lsG5 . j} z fv #) kl5sf]
kl/b[Zoaf6 ;a} k|Zgx?sf] pQ/
cfpg] g} 5 . clxn]sf] ljjfbn] xfd|f
ldq / zq'x?sf] klxrfg u/fO{lbPsf]
5 . ;fd"lxs g]tT[ j k|0ffnL / cfGtl/s
Joj:yfkgdf 7"n} ;d:of 5 eGg] k|i6
ePsf] 5 . qmflGtsf/L ;d"xx? leq
klg xfd|f] g]tT[ j / kf6L{sf] ;kmntfk|lt
Oiof{ / 8fxf ug]{ k|jl[ Q a9\bf] 5 eGg]
;xh} b] V g ;lsG5 . ljKnj /
k|sf08k|lt lgd{d k|xf/ ePsf 5g\ .
kf6L{leq klg c;Gt'li6x? a9]sf 5g\
eGg] lrq k|i6};Fu b]lvG5 . leq /
aflx/sf c;Gt'li6x?nfO{ k|of]u u/]/
g} clxnsf] if8\oGq s]xL xb;Dd ;kmn
ePsf] xf] . km]l/ klg qmflGtsf]
Joj:yfkg r'gf}ltsf] ljifo xf] . g]tf
/ sfo{stf{aLrsf] ;'dw'/ ;DaGwaf6
dfq kf6L{nfO{ hLjGt agfpg ;lsG5 .
ljifox? / c;Gt'li6x? k|s6 ePsf
5g\ / To;nfO{ ;xL 9+un] ;Daf]wg
clg Joj:yfkg ug]t{ km{ ;f]Rg' cfhsf]
d'Vo lrGtfsf] ljifo xf] .
:yfgLo=====
af]w ug{ . / pxfFx? ToxL /6fg nfpFb}
x'gx' G' 5 ls r'gfj k|of]u kl5 xfdL
;+;bjfbdf km+:5f}+ Û o:tf] nfUg]x?n]
cfkm}n + fO{ k|Zg u?g– s] d olt sf+rf]
/ sdhf]/ 5' < s] d}n] agfPsf] kf6L{
otL sdhf]/ w/ftn / sdhf]/
a:t'ut ;+efjfgfdf cjl:yt 5 <
hjfkm s] cfpF5 o;nfO{ oflGqs jf
h8z' q cltn] gx] l / åGåfTds
ef}ltsjfbL b[li6sf]0fn] x]/f}+ . xfdL
;a}n] kf6L{ of] b]zsf] lasNksf] ?kdf
cufl8 cfPsf] l/kf]6{ ;uj{ /fVg]
u/]sf 5f}+ . p;f] xf] eg] o;n]
g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsfdf a;]/ ;Dk"0f{
;+efjgfsf] kl/rfng ug{' k5{ ls
kb}g{ < xfdL r'gfj alx:sf/ klg ug{
;SYof}+ . t/ k|of]u jf alx:sf/dWo]
cufl8 b]vfk/]sf] qmflGtnfO{ kmfO{bf
k'Ug] ;+efjgfnfO{ s;n] kmfO{bf
k'¥ofpF5 < of] e]p gkfPkl5 xf]; u'd
ePsf ¥ofk/ h:tf] dfq ePsf] :ki6
5 . clxn] lgjf{rg k|of]usf] d+rnfO{
6]s]/ xfdL hgtfdf hfFb} /f:6«3ft /
;+;bjfbsf] eG8fkmf]/ ug{' kYof]{ . t/,
la8Dagf cf–cfˆgf] 8Dkm' ahfpg]
nDkm' tfnn] cjZo kf6L{nfO{ IftL
u¥of] . t/ of] IftL o;} olts} s'g}
l;4fGt jf s'07sf] dfq dfdnf
xf]Og . s]lGb|o ;ldltsf] a}7sdf
ePsf x/]s s'/f aflx/ ldl8ofdf
5tf5'Nn x'g yfNb} ubf{ dnfO{ kf6L{
aflxl/ if8\oGqsf] 3]/fdf 5 eGg]
nfu]sf] lyof] . of] b]zdf cfh /f:6«Lo
:jflwgtf ;+3if{sf] df]rf{ k|wfg df]rf{
aGb} uPsf] 5 . b:tfa]hdf pNn]v
5˜– æ?; / o'qm]gaLrsf] o'4 ?;L
ljhodf ;lsG5 of o' / f] k JofkL
km}lnG5 of ljZj:t/df k'U5 qmdzM
v'Nb} hfg]5 t/ kl/0ffd h] cfP klg
casf] b'lgofF zfGt / Ps kIfLo
g/xg] lglZrt 5 . k"js { f] tfOjfgb]lv
dWok"js { f] O/fg, l;l/of klZrdsf
e]g]h'Pnf;Dd o;sf t/Ëx? b]vf
kb}{ hfg] 5g\ . ljZjn] Pskl5 csf]{
k"FhLjfbL ljklQx?sf] ;fdgf ug{'
kg]{5 .Æ
Pdl;;L kf; eP;+u} cGt/f{li6«o
zlQm;+3if{sf] t/ntfdf luhf]lnPsf]
g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts rnv]n xfd|f] kf6L{
leqsf] t/ËnfO{ ;'tf ;'tf gfKb}
s'07fu|:t l5b|x?af6 leq l5of]{ /
cfh o;n] lat08tf z'? u/]sf] 5 .
d]/f] of] lgisif{ xf]Og t/ of] lgisif{sf]
glhs eg] cjZo 5 . lsgeg] xfdLn]
alnbfg u/]/ lgdf{0f u/]sf] kf6L{, of]
kf6L{ s f g] t fx?df b] l vPsf]
cfkm}k|ltsf] cljZj;lgotf, r/d
s'07f, c/fhs dgf]/f]u, / l;4fGtxLg
x'TofO{n] of] Tolts} ePsf] 5}g ;xh}
eGg ;lsG5 .
dxf;lra lgjfz, s[lif sDo'gsf]
nflu hUuf, cfjZos kg]{ ;jf/L
;fwg oL lg0f{o u/]/ of]hgfa4 9+un]
;f]lrPsf ljifo x'g . cfh ltg}nfO{
p5flnPsf] 5 . xfdL kf6L{af6} lg0f{o
u/fP/– ;'bz{g, s+rg / la;dnfO{
ufl8 vl/b ul/lbg ;S5f}+ . Ps
k|bz] df Pp6f Pp6f bla{nf] sDo'g
lgdf{0f ul/lbg ;S5f}+ . cfjZos 5
eg] cfjf; lgdf{0f ul/lbg ;S5f}+ .
olt s'/f xfd|f] kf6L{sf] Pp6} d'6' Pp6}
Hofg ePsf sGrg, ;' b z{ g /
dxf;lrasf] aLr 5nkmn g} x'g
g;Sg] / ug}{ g;lsg] ljifo lyof]
/ < clg l;+uf] kf6L{n] dfGb} gdfGg]
s'/f lyof] / < of] ;lsGYof] t/ oxfF
o;nfO{ o;/L a/flnPsf] 5 Tof] 5n{Ë
5 . o;sf k5fl8 s] 5 – kbf{k0f
x'g clnslt ;do nfU5 . csf]{ s'/f
kf6L{ r'gfjdf uPkl5 ;+;b\jfbdf
km:5, laKnj ca ;+;lbo af6f]
ttfpglt/ nfu] eGg] a]t'ssf ts{
;'Gbf xf;f] nfU5 . pxfFx?nfO{ s]
nfU5, xfdL of] gLltnfO{ b[9tfk"j{s
k|of]u ul//x]sfx? ;+;bjfbL x'g
;S5g\ jf eP < olb o:tf] nfU5
eg] x]Ssf /xf];\ – tkfO{+x?sf] ofqf
sxfF;Ddsf] d eGg ;lSbg t/ xfd|f]
ofqf alnbfgsf] af6f] eP/ lxF8g\ ] 5 .
/, r'gfj c:yfoL sfo{gLlt xf] eGg]
klg a' e mf} + . pxfF x ?sf] of] ts{
cfkm}k|ltsf] cljZjf; xf] . h;df
cfTdljZjf; 5}g p;n] hgtfsf]
ljZjf; lhTg ;Sb}g . / k|Zg p7\5
pxfFx?df pTkGg cfTdcljZjf;sf]
>f]t s] xf] < g]t[Tj, kf6L{ k+QmL,
a:t'ut kl/l:ylt Û of] lgldQ sf/0f
xf] t/ o;sf] k5fl8 Pp6f 7"nf]
if8\oGq 5 Tof] pxfFx?n] klg a'lem/xg'
ePsf] 5}g .
xfd|f] kf6L{n] qmflGt k"/f ul/5f8\g'
5 . ;lxb kl/jf/, 3fO{t] ckfË,
hgtf / l;+uf] b]zsf] ck]Iff k"/f ug{'
5 . o;sf] lglDt /utsf] uf]/6] f] af6
cfPsf xfdLn] /uts} /fhdfu{ lgdf{0f
ug{' k/] klg xfdL tof/ x'g' k5{ .
t/, b]z hgtf, qmflGtnfO{ xfd|f
sfo{gLlts uNtLx?n] e8\vfnf]df
hfSg' x'Gg . ;+ejfgfx?nfO{ clwstd
kl/rfng ug{' k5{ . xfdLn] qmflGtsf/L
/f]dflG6l;hddf nxl;P/ dfq} qmflGt
k"/f ug]{ cleef/f k"/f ug{ ;Sb}gf} .
xfdL dfem lgSs} 7" n f] if8\ o Gq
d8fl/Psf] 5– xfdLn] o;nfO{ lrGg
;Sg' / kf6L{ / qmflGtk|lt lhDd]jf/
aGg' clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] . d of]
cfjZostfnfO{ af]w ug{ sd/]8
;'bz{g, s+rgnufot ;a}nfO{ cg'/f]w
ub{5' . ;fy}, kf6L{df b]vfk/]sf] of]
;+s6nfO{ …lau AofªÚ dfGg] xf] eg]
of] phf{ lgdf{0f / la:tf/sf] >f]t
xf] . ;a} phf{ nfej4{s dfq x'Fb}gg,
| M lwDn] ckm;]6 k|;
] , b]jLgu/, kmf]gM %!&@^%%
@)&( ;fn j}zfv !* ut] cfOtaf/
lagf;s klg x'g ;S5g . To;}n] of]
…lau AofªÚ n] s:tf] s:tf] phf{
cfˆgf] cufl8 kbf{k0f eof] ;+od /
Eof6sf] b/ !) k|ltztdf emfg{ dfu
rgfvf] eP/ dxf;lran] ;]s]G8 sf7df8f}F . pBf]uL Joj;foLn] d'ns
' sf] cy{tGq r'gf}tLk"0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf]
;]s]G8nfO{ ;+:n];0f ug{' k5{ . oxfF eGb} s/sf] b/ 36fpg'kg]{ atfPsf 5g\ . d+unaf/ g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo
Pp6f 7"nf] ult k}bf ePsf] 5– of] dxf;+3n] cfufdL cfly{s jif{ @)&(.*) sf] ah]6 k"j{sf] 5nkmn sfo{qmddf
ultdf ;+ u } cfPsf gsf/fTds af]Nb} cy{tGqsf] jt{dfg r'gf}tLsf] ;dfwfg ;/sf/n] cfufdL ah]6dfkm{t
ultnfO{ ca?4 jf lgif] w ug] {
;sf/fTds ultnfO{ qmflGtsf] lxtdf
;f]‰ofpg] b'a} ug{' k5{ . cGoyf o;n]
csf]{ e+os/ b'36{ gf lgDTofpg ;S5 .
olta] n f tLg k| j [ l Q cufl8
cfPsf 5g\– gLlt / g]tT[ jsf] Wj+;
ug]{, gLlt / g]t[Tjsf] /Iff ug]{, /
demwf/df a;]/ ldngsf] dL7f] efsf
xfNg] . a:t'sf] ljsf;df oL ltg} tTj ug{ ;Sg'kg]{ pgLx¿sf] egfO lyof] . g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf pkfWoIf
cfjZos x'G5g . t/, s'g slta]nf c~hg >]i7n] clxn]sf] cy{tGqsf] r'gf}tL ;d:of ;dfwfg pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj
/ s:tf] k|sf/n] cf–cfˆgf] e"ldsfdf a9fpg' g} ePsf] atfP . ljb]zL d'bf| ;l~rlt sd ePsf] eGb} s]xL j:t'sf]
pleP Tof] Vofn ug{' k5{ . /, ltgn] cfoft k|ltaGw u/]sf] t/, cfoft k|lt:yfkg ug]{ ;/sf/n] s]xL sbd
cfˆgf] e"ldsf cg';f/sf kl/0ffd lbP grfn]sf] >]i7n] atfP . pgn] ;/sf/n] d'ns ' nfO{ cfTdlge{/ agfpg] atfP/
ls lbPgg\ o;sf] klg plrt z+:n];0f klg s'g j:t' jf pTkfbgdf cfTdflge{/ aGg] :ki6 of]hgf agfpg' kg]{
dxf;lran] ug{' k5{ . a:t'df o;/L cfjZostf /x]sf]df hf]8 lbP . s'g} klg pBf]ux? pTkfbgzLn / cg'Tkfbs
k}bf x'g] cGt/;+3if{n] clgjfo{ ?kdf eGg] gx'g] eGb} pkfWoIf >]i7n] /fHon] To:tf] ;f]Rg gx'gp] gsf] egfO 5 .
pgn] ca ;/sf/n] lng] d"Noclej[l4 s/ -Eof6_sf] b/ 36fpg' kg]{ atfP .
…u'0fÚ nfO{ yflkt ug{' k5{ . xfd|f]
kf6L{sf] of] a]nfsf] u'0f s] x'g'k5{ of] hgo'4 a]nf /fh:j a9fpg'kg]{ eGb} a9fPsf] # k|ltzt Eof6 ca !)
klg dxf;lran] z+:n];0f ug{' k5{ . k|ltzt agfpg'kg]{ pgsf] dfu 5 .
/, a:t'sf] of] cGt/;+3if{sf] kl/0ffddf
cfPsf lasf/x? dfly z+:n]l;t g]kfn 6]lnsdn] O{–l;d pknAw u/fpg]
u'0fnfO{ lgif]wsf] lgif]wsf] k|s[ofdf sf7df8f}F . g]kfn 6]lnsdn] O{–l;d pknAw u/fpg] ePsf] 5 . 6]lnsdn]
nu]/ u'0fnfO{ Psl9Ssf / Ps?k lgs6 eljiodf g} O{–l;d pknAw u/fpg] ;DaGwdf df]G6L o's] Unf]anaLr
u/]/ af]N;]les ultsf] kf6L{ lgdf{0f ;Demf}tf ;DkGg ul/;s]sf] 5 . 6]lnsdsf k|dv ' Jofj;flos clws[t ;ËLtf
ug]{ sfd ug}{ k5{ . olta]nf ;+oldt kxf8L / df]G6Lsf :yfgLo k|ltlglw clN6d]6 xf]/fOhg 6]Sgf]nf]lhh k|flnsf
eP/, s'6f] sf]bfnf] g} rnfP/ ;xL k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t cflbTo cfgGbsf aLr cfOtaf/ ;Demf}tf ePsf]
ljifonfO{ of] txdf ljsf; ug{ xfd|f] xf] . ;Demf}tfcg';f/
kf6L{ / dxf;lra ;kmn x'gx' g' ] 5 df]G6L o's] Unf]ann]
eGg] d]/f] ljZjf; 5 . xf] xfdL ;a} g] k fn 6] l nsdsf
lrlGtt 5f}+, xfd|f] lgGb|f lalu|Psf] u|fxsnfO{ O{–l;d ;]jf
5, tGb|f vQd ePsf] 5 . xfdL pknAw u/fpgsf
l;4fGtx?nfO{ h8 ag]/ x]b}{ 5f}+, nflu cfjZos
dfS;{jfb ultlzn la1fg xf] – xfdLn] Kn] 6 kmd{ pknAw
a:t'ut kl/j]zdf k}bf ePsf] ultnfO{ u/fpg]5 .
;xL tl/sfn] af]w ug{' k5{ . xfdL k|dv' Jofj;flos
;a}nfO{ qmflGtsf] dfof 5 lrGtf 5– clws[ t kxf8Ln]
rfx] cfh Tof] ;'bz{g, sGrg jf hf] g]kfn 6]lnsdn] gofF–gofF k|ljlw leTof{pg] qmddf O{–l;d;d]t pknAw u/fpg]
sf]xL ;a}nfO{ 5 . t/, of] a]nf ePsf] / o;sf nflu cfjZos sfo{ l5§} g} k|f/De x'g] hfgsf/L lbP .
if8\ o Gqsf] 3] / fdf kb} { lasf/sf] o:t}u/L, clN6d]6 xf]/fOhg 6]Sgf]nf]lhhsf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t cflbTo
uGhfuf]ndf 8'Ag' hf] s;}n] x'Fb}g . cfgGbn] O{–l;dsf nflu cfjZos ;Dk"0f{ k|fljlws sfo{ ;dod} ;DkGg u/L
o;n] b]z, hgtf / qmflGtnfO{ kmfObf sDkgLnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] k|lta4tf JoQm u/] .
ub}{g . xfd|f] e"ldsf s] x'g]– lasf/, O{–l;d Ps k|sf/sf] er{'cn cyf{t\ On]S6«f]lgs l;d xf] . O{–l;d pknAw
u'0f jf ;lds/0f < xfdLn] cfk"mnfO{ ePkl5 clxn]sf] h:tf] ef}lts?kdf k|of]u ul/g] l;dsf8{sf] cfjZostf
qmflGtsf] lxtdf pEofpg' k5{ / Tof] kb}g{ . o;sf nflu O{–l;d ;kf]6{ ug]{ XofG8;]6 cfjZos x'G5 . o;af6 kmf]g
eg]sf] cfh kf6L{sf] gLltdf bx|f] u/L ug]{ / 8f6f rnfpg]nufotsf ljleGg sfo{ ug{ ;lsG5 .
pleg' xf] . / ;f+u7flgs sfdsf] O{–l;d k|of]udf cfPkZrft\ l;dsf8{ kl/jt{g ug{k' g]{ cfjZostf x'bF g} .
dfdnfdf gLlt g} xfd|f] u'0f xf] . xfdLn] df]afOn ;]6afx]s O{–l;dnfO{ cGo l8efO; tyf :df6{ jfr / z/L/df
olta]nf u'0f lrGg] Ifdtf /fVg' k5{ . klxl/gof]Uo ljleGg k|sf/sf l8efO;x¿df ;d]t k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . xfnsf
-n]vs M g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf ;a} k|of]ustf{n] ;d]t O{–l;d k|of]u;Fu} gofF k|of]ustf{n] ;d]t ;xh tl/sfn]
s]lGb|o ;b:o x'g\ ._ O{–l;d lng ;Sg] 6]lnsdn] hgfPsf] 5 .
;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] b'?kof]uaf/] ;r]t /xf}+
Ø cfk"mn] k|of]u ug]{ df]afOn, sDKo'6/h:tf ljB'tLo pks/0f ;w}F nucfp6 u/f}F .
Ø c?nfO{ cfˆgf] Psfp06sf] kf;j8{ yfxf glbpF .
Ø ;fyLefO jf cGosf] kmf]6f] tyf lel8of] lvRg' cl3 / ;fdflhs ;~hfndf /fVg' cl3
cg'dlt lncf}F .
Ø ckl/lrt JolQmsf] ;fyL aGg] k|:tfj cfP c:jLsf/ u/f}F .
Ø ;fdflhs ;~hfnd} lrg]sf] e/df af]nfPsf] 7fpFdf e]6g\ ghfpF .
Ø ;fdflhs hLjgdf ug{ gldNg] sfd tyf Jojxf/ ;fdflhs ;~hfndf gu/f}F .
Ø ;fdflhs ;~hfndf b]lvPsf e|fds, cflwsfl/stf gePsf ;"rgf ;Gb]z, kmf]6f]
tyf lel8of] z]o/ gu/f}F .
Ø s;}sf] dof{bf, k|lti7f tyf ;Ddfgdf cfFr cfpg] vfnsf ;"rgf tyf ;Gb]z kf]i6
jf z]o/ gu/f}+ .
Ø z+sf:kb tyf czf]egLo ;Gb]z k|fKt eP k|ltkfb u/f}+ / /]s8{sf] nflu ;'/lIft /fvf}F .
;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] pkof]udf ;r]t agf}+ / To;af6 x'g;Sg] cfk/flws
lqmofsnfk lgoGq0f u/f}F .
g] k fn ;/sf/
lj1fkg af]8{