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%( cf}+ ljBfyL{ lbj;sf] cj;/df
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/ casf] af6f]Ú ljifos cGt/lqmof
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cj:yf /x]sf] atfpFb} eg]– …cfh
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ug{ dfu u/]sf] 5 . ;f] df]rf{sf cWoIf d08nsf cWoIf Pad\ g]kfn sDo'lgi6
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o; ljifodf ;dfhjfbL b]zeQm df]rf{sf cWoIf d08nsf cWoIf ljKnj

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b]vfk/]sf] 5 .Ú
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eg]/ w]/} s'/f b]lvG5 . clxn] h'g;'s} ;+ljwfg g} ;+s6df kg]{ cj:yf b]lvFb5} .
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e'6fgL z/0ffyL{sf gfddf ePsf] 7uLwGbfnufot Pg;]n k|s/0f, afn'jf6f/ ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . ;f] Pstfa4 x'g] k|of; u/]sf lyP . cjlwsf?kdf lng] ul/G5 . hlta]nf ef/tLo k|efj t 5Fb}lyof], kl5Nnf]
hUuf k|s/0f, :jf:Yo ;fdu|L vl/b -cf]DgL_ 3f]6nf sf08, ;]So'l/6L a}7sn] ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf h;sf sf/0fn] sDo'lgi6 OG6/g]zgn o'/f]kel/ g} qmflGtsf nx/x? rn]sf ;dodf cd] l /sL / o' / f] l kog
lk|lG6ª k|;] vl/b k|s/0f, u'0f:t/xLg dn vl/b k|s/0f, gf/fo0flx6Lleq} nflu g]kfnsf] sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng
xf]6n / /]i6'/G] 6 vf]Ng lbg] -atf; ;d"x_ k|s/0f, ## lsnf] ;'gsf08,
pbfx/0fLo?kdf /x]sfn] o;} jif{
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng
8f= s]zj b]jsf]6f
jfO8a8L hxfh sf08, /]n ljefu k|s/0f, olt ;d"x sf08, lul/aGw' ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] ;f] kf6L{sf] k|rf/
l6 :6]6sf] hUuf laqmL sf08, k':ts / ljB'tLo ;jf/Ldf s/, rsn]6df ljefun] hgfPsf] 5 . t/, ;f] lrlgofF sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] hftLo /
;Dd]ngdf x'g] ;xeflutf / cGo
eG;f/ 5'6 sf08, sflnu08sL 8fOe;{gsf] k|s/0f, kKk' sG;6«S;g
s'/fx?sf af/]df s]xL klg :ki6
lnlËoeGbf k|lt:kwf{, Ifdtf / of]UtfnfO{{
sf08, ;f+;b ckx/0f, vl/b–laqmL sf08, cj}w ¿kdf r'g pTvggnufot
ofjts: k|s/0fn] k|dfl0ft ub{5 .
ul/Psf] 5}g . g]kfnsf] sDo'lgi6
cfGbf]ngn] s:tf] pbfxf/0fLo sfd
k|dv
' tf lbPsf sf/0f nfdf] ;dob]lv
hgtf ljQLo ;+:yf, n3'ljQ / ld6/AofhLsf] cft+saf6 qflxdfd u/]sf] xf] eGg] klg s]xL v'nfOPsf] b]zsf] zf;g ;Qf ;~rfng ug{ ;kmntf
5g\,\ dxFuLn] hgtfsf] r'nf]rf}sf] aGb x'g] l:ylt ag]sf] 5, ls;fgn] 5}g . Pdfn]sf g]tfx?n] cfkm\gf] kf6L{n]
dn–aLp, kLl8tn] plrt / ;dodf Gofo kfPsf 5}gg\ . zflGt ;'/Iff hgtfsf] ax' b nLo hgjfbsf kfPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf cd]l/sf k|efljt
Psfb]zsf] sxfgL ePsf] 5 . htf x]¥of] pt} eb|uf]nsf] l:ylt 5 cyf{t\ dfWodaf6 sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf 7"nf]
;/sf/sf tLgj6} c+ux? lgsDdf / e|i6frf/sf cv8fdf kl/0ft ePsf
of]ubfg lbPsf] bfaL klg ug]{ u/]sf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|nufotsf sDo'lgi6
5g\ . t/, g]kfnd} Pdfn]sf] hahsf
5g\\ . Pd;L;L ;Demf}tf ;+;b\af6 kfl/t ePsf] 5, P;kLkLkL ;Demf}tf af/]df ljjfbx? /x]sf 5g\ . ;f] gfdwf/L kf6L{x?n] cfk"mnfO{{ lrlgofF
nfu" ug{ ljleGg k|kGrx? eO/x]sf 5g\ eg] a}bl] zs x:tIf]kn] ;Ldf kf6L{af6 cnu eP/ ag]sf] PsLs[t
gf3]sf] 5 . oL ;a} 36gfn] ;/sf/, ;+;b\jfbL bn / g]tf cyf{t\ ;+;bLo ;dfhjfbLn] ;d]t hahnfO{ k"0f{?kdf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{af6 klg 6f9f agfpFb} nu]sf] cj:yf 5 . kl5Nnf]
Joj:yfn] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf, /fhg}lts :jtGqtf / hgefjgfsf] :jLsf/ ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . vf;df ;dodf sDo'lgi6 /fhgLltaf6 larlnt x'bF } uPsf s]xL ;d"xx?n]
l5d] s L rLgdf dfcf] T ;] t ' ª sf]
/Iff ug{ ;Sb}g eGg] cfdhgtfn] 5n{Ë a'‰g] u/L k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 .
oL ;a} tYonfO{ b[li6ut ub}{ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] ;+;bLo Joj:yfaf6
lgwgkl5 ePsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{g
/ g]kfndf a'xbnLo Aoj:yfsf]
;dfhjfbsf] cd"s zAb k|of]u u/]/ hgtfdf e|d lbg] k|of; ul//x]sf
b]z / hgtfsf] d'lQm ;Dej 5}g eGb} ;+3if{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] lyof], h'g k'g:yf{kgfkl5 Pdfn]n] kf6L{sf] 5g\ . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf ljZjAofkL d"No, dfGotfaf6 Ro"t x'bF }
s'/fsf] clxn] cfP/ k'li6 x'g uPsf] 5 . b]znfO{ jt{dfg ;+s6af6 d'Qm a}7saf6 cf}krfl/s?kd} lg0f{o ub}{
kfg{ PsLs[t hgqmflGtdfkm{t\ j}1flgs ;dfhjfbdf k'Ug] nIosf ;fy dfcf]T;]tª' ljrf/wf/f kl/Tofu u/]/ uPsfx?n] j}1flgs ;dfhjfb :yfkgfsf] kIfdf sfd gug]{ lglZrt
hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgfjfbsf] /rgf
;+3if{/t g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] Ph]08f olta]nf lglj{sNk aGg uPsf] u/]sf] lyof] . hahsf /rgfsf/ dbg 5 . To;}n] qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?sf] kxndf cGt/f{li6«o
5 . h'g s'/f ;+;b\jfbL bnx?n] ;d]t of] jf Tof] axfgfdf :jLsf/ ub}{ e08f/Lsf] lgwgkl5 hahsf] gLlt
cfPsf 5g\ . klg ;+s6df k/]sf] 7flgPsf] lyof] . ;Dd]ng u/fpg cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 . tTsfnsf nflu ;fgf]?kdf
To;sf/0f b]znfO{ cu|udgtkm{ n}hfg / hgtfnfO{ ;d[4 agfpg )$^ sf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5
ePklg cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 ;+u7gsf] :yfkgf u/]/ To;nfO{{
;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] ljsNk vf]Hg}kg]{ ePsf] 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf g]kfn Pdfn]n] ax'bnLo ;+;bLo Aoj:yfnfO{
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] eg]h:tf] hgdt ;+ux| dfkm{t\ s:tf] zf;g Joj:yf / k"0f{?kdf :jLsfg's { f ;fy} hahsf]
l;4fGtsf] k|ltkfbg u/]kl5 ;f] ;d"x
ljZjAofkL agfpg' klg Tolts} cfjZos 5 .
zf;g k|0ffnL nfu" ug]{ eGg] km};nf g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ug{ lbg' Ps dfq gfd dfqsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ x'gk'us ] f] -sf]ldG6g{_ sf] hGd ePsf] lyof] . lyP / pgLx? sf] l dG6g{ d f k|efjx? klg b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\ .
pQd ljsNk xf] . To;}n] ;/sf/n] tTsfn hgdt ;+ux| sf] 3f]if0ff u/L lyof] . kl5Nnf lbgdf Pdfn]sf nflu h;nfO{ t]>f] ljZj klg eGg] ul/of] . ;lqmotfk"j{s ;xefuL klg ePsf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|n] )^# kl5 cd]l/sL
To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ k|ultzLn ;+oQ' m ;/sf/ u7g ug{' k5{ . cfhsf] hah slxn]sfxL+ ;Demg] ljifo dfq ;f] ;+u7g xfn d[t k|foM cj:yfdf lyP . sf]ldG6g{sf] ;+:yfks s+u; ]| df k|efjdf k/]/ g]kfndf ;+3Lotf,
cfjZostf, ;dosf] dfu / hgrfxgf klg oxL 5, r]tgf eof . ePsf] 5 . /x] s f] 5 . tTsfnLg cj:yfdf ?;L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -af]Nz]ljs_ hftLo ;dfa]zL / ;dfg'kflts
xfn cfP/ pgLx?n] sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf/L wf/df /x]sf ljZjsf #$ nufotsf bnx? lyP . klxnf] lgjf{rg k|0ffnLnufotsf s'/fx?

dGynL dfWolds ljBfnonfO{{ Hofblt /f]Sg r]tfjgL
sf7df8f}F . clvn qmflGtsf/L
/fd] 5 fkn] dGynL dfWolds
ljBfnonfO{ Hofblt tTsfn /f]Sg
r]tfjgL lbPsf] 5 . ;f] ;+u7gsf
OGrfh{ tyf ;+of]hs k|z/' fd ;Ln]
d+ u njf/ la1lKt hf/L ub} { ;f]
r]tfjgL lbPsf x'g\ . ;+of]hs k|z/' fd
;Ln] la1lKtdfkm{ t \ ;+ l jwfg /
sfg'glj?4 uO{ ul/a ljBfyL{x?sf]
hLjg aaf{b kfg]{ unt sbdnfO{
oyfzL3| ;RofO{ k"0f{ ?kn] ;Dk"0f{
ljBfyL{x?nfO{ lgMz'Ns / ;xh?kdf
k7gkf7g ug]{ jftfj/0f ldnfpg
;DalGwt ljBfno k|zf;g, :yfgLo
lgsfo, lhNnf k|zf;g / lzIff
dGqfno uDeL/ aGg Wofgfsif{0f
u/fpFb} cGoyf ljBfyL{sf] z}lIfs xs
/ clwsf/ k|flKtsf nflu xfd|f] ;+u7g
h:tf];'s} ;+3if{ ug{ tof/ /xg] /
To;af6 pTkGg kl/l:yltsf] ;Dk"0f{
lhDd]jf/ :jod ;DalGwt ljBfno
k|zf;gn] lng'kg]{ r]tfjgL ;d]t
lbPsf 5g\ .
o; ljifodf clvn qmflGtsf/L
/fd]5fksf OGrfh{ tyf ;+of]hs
k|z/' fd ;Ln] hf/L u/]sf] lj1lKt o;
k|sf/ /x]sf] 5– …xfd|f] dxfg\ tyf
uf} / jzfnL ;+ u 7g clvn -
qmflGtsf/L_ cfk\mgf] :yfkgf sfnb]lv
/fli6«otf, hgtGq, hghLljsf /
lzIffdf cfd" n ?kfGt/0f;lxt
lgMz'Ns, ;j{;n ' e tyf j}1flgs lzIff
k|flKtsf ;fy} nfvf}F ljBfyL{x?sf] xs,
clwsf/ Pj+ d'lQmsf nflu lg/Gt/
;+3if{/t /x]sf] ;a}df ;j{ljlbt} 5 .
o;} ;Gbe{df /fd]5fk lhNnfsf]
;b/d'sfd dGynLdf cjl:yt dGynL
dfWolds ljBfnon] :yfgLo hgtfsf]
lj/f]wsf afah'b klg ljut nfdf]
;dob]lv ljBfyL{x?af6 rsf]{ z'Ns
lnFb} cfPsf] / xfn k'gM z'Ns j[l4
u/L ljBfyL{x?af6 clgoldt 9+un]
lan glbP/ vfnL sfuhdf
ljBfnosf] 5fk nufP/ dgf]dfgL k};f
c;' n L /x] s f] ljBfyL{ tyf
cleefjsx?af6 u'gf;f] cfPsf] 5 .
;+ljwfgn] df}lns xsdf ?kdf k|To]s
gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 cfwf/e" t
tx;Ddsf] lzIff clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns
tyf dfWolds tx;Ddsf] lzIff
lgMz'Ns kfpg] xs x'g5 ] eGg] Joj:yf
k|i6 u/]sf] 5 . k};f / zlQmsf] cf8df
ul/Psf o:tf unt xs{tx?sf af/]df
/fHo k|zf;g pbfl;g aGg' cfkm}d F f
cgf}7f] / lrGtfsf] ljifo xf] . o;n]
nfvf}F ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ;dfg z}lIfs
clwsf/af6 al~rt agfpg] t kSs}
5 ;Fu;Fu} ljBfyL{x?sf] dgf]lj1fgdf
gsf/fTds c;/ kg{ hfg]5 . o;/L
;+ljwfg / sfg'glj?4 uO{ ul/a
ljBfyL{x?sf] hLjg aaf{b kfg]{ unt
sbdnfO{ oyfzL3| ;RofO{ k"0f{ ?kn]
;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{x?nfO{ lgMz'Ns /
;xh?kdf k7gkf7g ug]{ jftfj/0f
ldnfpg ;DalGwt ljBfno k|zf;g,
:yfgLo lgsfo, lhNnf k|zf;g / lzIff
dGqfno uDeL/ aGg Wofgfsif{0f
u/fpF5f}F . cGoyf ljBfyL{sf] z}lIfs
xs / clwsf/ k|flKtsf nflu xfd|f]
;+u7g h:tf];s ' } ;+3if{ ug{ tof/ /xg]
/ To;af6 pTkGg kl/l:yltsf] ;Dk"0f{
lhDd]jf/ :jod ;DalGwt ljBfno
k|zf;gn] lng'kg]{ hfgsf/L ;d]t
u/fpFb5f}F .Ú
kf6L{ s f] cGt/f{ l i6« o ;Dd] n gdf
;d;fdlos ;Gbe{df dfS;{jfbsf]
l;h{gfTds k|of]unfO{ 5nkmnsf]
d'Vo ljifo agfpg] eg]sf 5g\ .
dfS;{jfbsf] AofVof / laZn]if0f s'g
9+un] x'G5 < Tof] eg] x]g{ afFsL 5 .
t/ klg g] k fnsf] Pdfn] h :tf]
;+zf]wgjfbL /fhgLlts ;d"xn]
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?sf] cGt/f{li6«o
;Dd]ng u/fpg] / dfS;{jfbsf]
AofVof / ljZn]if0f u/fpg] s'/f
cfkm}dF f cGof]nk"0f{ 5 . h;n] w]/s } f]
Wofgfs[i6 u/]sf] 5 . )$^ ;fnsf]
/fhgLlts kl/jt{ g kl5 g] k fnL
sf+u|];sf] gLltsf] kl5 nfu]/ Pdfn]
xfnsf] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] xf] . @)^#
sf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{ g kl5
dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| klg g]kfnL sf+u; ]| s}
kl5nfu]/ la36gsf] ;+3f/df k'us ] f]
5 . olta]nf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ /
/fhgLltsf lx;fjn] dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|
Pdfn] e Gbf klg a9L ktgsf]
cj:yfdf 5 . tyflk sltko
qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbL
s]Gb|sf] jl/k/L 3'ld/x]sf b]lvG5g\ .
Pdfn]n] ug]{ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?sf]
cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ngn] dfcf]jfbLsf
ljleGg ;d"xx?nfO{ cf–cfkm\gf]
cj:yfk|lt emsemsfpg] lglZrt
5 . g]kfndf dfq geP/ cfh
ljZjd} sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?sf aLrd}
ljleGg lsl;dsf ljjfbx? /x]sf
5g\ . ;fd| f HojfbL zlQmn]
sDo'lgi6x?nfO{ l;Wofpg sDo'lgi6
gfdwf/L kf6L{s} k|of]u ul//x]sf]
b]lvPsf] 5 . vf;u/L ;f]leot
;+3sf] ktgkl5 ljZjs} sDo'lgi6
cfGbf]ng /IffTds cj:yfdf k'us ] f]
5 . sltkon] t cfufdL 8] 9
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?n] ;g\ !(!( sf]
dfr{ @–^ df ePsf] ;Dd]ngsf qmddf
sDo'lgi6 OG6/g]zgnsf] :yfkgf
u/] s f lyP . hlta] n f %@
k| l tlglwx?sf] pkl:ylt /x] s f]
kfOG5 . pgLx?n] sfo{ s f/L
;ldlt;d]t u7g ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf
lyP . sfo{sf/L ;ldltn] cGt/f{li6«o
b}lgs dfldnfx?df Wofg lbg] elgPsf]
lyof] . ;f] ;+u7gn] cfkm\gf] bf]>f]
dxflwj]zgdf …cGt/f{li6«o k'FhLklt
ju{ n fO{ k/f:t ug{ / /fHosf]
k" 0 f{ p Gd" n gsf] nflu ;+ q md0f
r/0fsf]?kdf cGt/f{li6«o ;f]leot
u0ftGqsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu ;z:q
an;lxt ;a} pknAw dfWodx?åf/f
;+3if{ ug]{Ú ;+sNk u/]sf] lyof] .
sf]ldG6g{n] ;g\ !(!( b]lv !(#% sf]
aLrdf ?;sf] d:sf]df ;ftj6f ljZj
clwj]zgx? cfof]hgf u/]sf] kfOG5 .
To; cjlwdf p;n] cfˆgf] uelg{ª
sfo{sf/L ;ldltsf] !# j6f lj:tfl/t
Kn]gdx?;d]t ;~rfng u/]sf] lyof] .
;f]leot ;+3sf tTsfnLg g]tf
hf];k] m :6flngn] bf]>f] ljZjo'4sf
kl5Nnf jif{x?df ljleGg lsl;dsf
la/f]wx?af6 hf]lugsf] nflu ;g\
!($# df sf] l dG6g{ s f] lj36g
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . t/, klg ljleGg
;dodf ljleGg b]zsf sDo'lgi6
kf6L{ x ?n] sDo' l gi6 kf6L{ x ?sf]
cGt/f{ l i6« o e] n f / ;Dd] n gx?
ub}{cfPsf 5g\ . ;g\ !(&^ sf]
;]K6]Da/ gf}df dfcf]sf] lgwgkl5
ljZjsf Ps bh{g sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?n]
;+o'Qm aStAo k|sflzt u/]/ rLgdf
k|ltqmflGt ePsf] 7x/ u/]sf lyP .
t/, tL sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?n] klg
cfk"mx?aLrsf] PstfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf
sf]ldG6g{ dxflwj]zgdf ?;, cli6«of,
x+u/] L, kf]Nof08, lkmgNof08, o'qm]g,
nf6leof, lny'cflgof, a]nf]?l;of,
Oi6f]lgof, cfd]l{ gof / hd{gsf ljleGg
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x? /x]sf lyP . ;f]
;+u7gsf] s]Gb|Lo gLltg} cGt/f{li6«o
;j{xf/f qmflGtnfO{ ;xof]u ug{
ljZje/ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x? :yfkgf
ug{'k5{ eGg] /x]sf] lyof] . sDo'lgi6
OG6/g]zgnsf] bf]>f] dxflwj]zgn]
cf}klgj]lzs b]zx?df ;j{xf/f, ls;fg
/ /fli6«o k'FhLklt ju{sfaLrdf
Pstfa4 df] r f{ s f] u7g ug{ ' k g] {
k|fjwfg /fv]sf] lyof] . sDo'lgi6
OG6/g]zgnsf] t]>f] s+u; ]| ;g\ !(@!
sf] h'g @@–h'nfO{ !@ sf] aLrdf
d:sf]df ePsf] lyof] . rf}yf] s+u|];
!(@@ sf] gf]e]Da/df ePsf] lyof] .
;ftf}+ s+u;]| kl5 o:sf] cl:tTj ;dfKt
ePsf] dflgG5 .
!($& kl5 km]l/ sf]ldG6g{sf]
ljsNkx?sf] vf]hL ul/Psf lyP . t/,
s;} n ] klg ljsNk lbg ;s] s f
lyPgg\ . cfh klg ljZj sDo'lgi6
kf6L{x?sf] ;+u7gsf] ;Vt cfjZostf
/x]sf] 5 . t/, sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf
ljleGg wf/fx?sf] ljsf; ePsf sf/0f
o:tf] cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 ;+u7gsf]
lgdf{0fsf nflu kxng} x'g ;s]sf]
5}g . g]kfndf vf;u/L )^@ df
dfcf] j fbL hgo' 4 df ePsf]
c;kmntfkl5 sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?
l5GgleGg cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5g\ .
g]kfnsf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?sfaLrd}
a[xt\ ;Dd]ngsf] cfaZostf /x]sf]
5 . To:tf] ;Dd]ng x'g ;s]sf] v08df
To;n] lgsfNg] lgisif{sf cfwf/df
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?sf] cGt/f{li6«o
;Dd]ng x'g' a9L ;fGble{s x'G5 .
:yflkt u/fpg] k|of; u/]sf sf/0f
k|foM ;a} sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?leq
laefhgsf] /] v f sf] l /Psf] 5 .
egfO{sf] tfTko{ g]kfnsf] sDo'lgi6
/fhgLltdf hftLo / lnlËo
laefhgsf] k| a ] z ePsfn] ca
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o d"No,
dfGotf / cfbz{cg';f/ k'g:yf{lkt
u/fpg s7Lg kb}{ uPsf] 5 . h'g
cj:yf lrlgofF sDo'lgi6 kf6L{df
;d]t 5}g .
lrlgofF sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] hftLo
/ lnlËoeGbf k|lt:kwf{, Ifdtf /
of]UtfnfO{ k|dv' tf lbPsf sf/0f nfdf]
;dob]lv b]zsf] zf;g ;Qf ;~rfng
ug{ ;kmntf kfPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf
cd] l /sf k| e fljt dfcf] j fbL
s]Gb|nufotsf sDo'lgi6 gfdwf/L
kf6L{x?n] cfk"mnfO{ lrlgofF sDo'lgi6
kf6L{af6 klg 6f9f agfpFb} nu]sf]
cj:yf 5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf
sDo'lgi6 /fhgLltaf6 larlnt x'Fb}
uPsf s]xL ;d"xx?n] ;dfhjfbsf]
cd"s zAb k|of]u u/]/ hgtfdf e|d
lbg] k|of; ul//x]sf 5g\ . sDo'lgi6
kf6L{sf ljZjAofkL d"No, dfGotfaf6
Ro" t x' F b } uPsfx?n] j} 1 flgs
;dfhjfb :yfkgfsf] kIfdf sfd
gug]{ lglZrt 5 . To;}n] qmflGtsf/L
sDo' l gi6 kf6L{ x ?sf] kxndf
cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng u/fpg cfjZos
b] l vPsf] 5 . tTsfnsf nflu
;fgf] ? kdf ePklg cGt/f{ l i6« o
sDo'lgi6 ;+u7gsf] :yfkgf u/]/
To;nfO{ ljZjAofkL agfpg' klg
Tolts} cfjZos 5 . Pdfn] s f]
cfof]hgfdf x'g] cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ngn]
lbg;Sg] e|dnfO{ lrg{ tTsfn}af6
tof/Lx? yflng' kb{5 .
 @)*) ;fn h]7 & ut] cfOtaf/
;dfhjfb xfd|f] cfbz{ xf]
h]7 ! ut] cfPkl5 g]kfnsf o'jf
ljBfyL{x?df Pp6f pd+u, hf]; /
uDeL/tf k}bf x'G5 . xfdL Oltxf;k|lt
uf}/a u5f}{ . xfdL cfˆgf cu|hx?k|lt
;Ddfg JoQm u5f},{ :d/0f u5f}{ / cfhsf]
lbgaf6 g]kfnsf] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng /
To;af6 g]kfn b]z / g]kfnL hgtfsf]
kIfdf lgefpg' kg]{ e"ldsfaf/] dGyg,
jx; / 5nkmnx? rnfpg'kg]{ x'G5 .
To:tf] Pp6f uf}/ak"0f{ lbj; ljBfyL{
lbj;sf] o; If0fdf d ;j} ljBfyL{ ;fyLx?
oxfF pkl:ylt dfq ePsf] xf]Og, b]zdf
ljKnj ;L
s'g rflxF b]z 5 hxfF o'4 / qmflGt
gu/L kl/jt{g kfPsf] <
cd]l/sLx?n] clxn] ljZjnfO{{
8]df]qm];Lsf] kf7 l;sfpF5g\ ToxL
kfFr nfv cd]l/sLx?n] /ut
aufPkl5 dfq la|6g] sf] rªu'naf6
d'Qm ePsf x'g . xfdLn] s] eg]sf
5f}F eg] hgtf tkfO{+ o'jf ;fyLx?n]
s] a'em\ g' k5{ eg] b]zsf] lhDdf lng
tof/ x'gk' 5{ / cfufl8 j9\gk' 5{ .
g]kfnsf] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdf h]7 !
ut]sf] ;Gb]z oxL xf] . oxL s'/f tkfO{+ xfdLn] dgg\ u/f}+ . tkfO{n
klg ledbQ kGt aGg tof/ 5f}F . s'g} lbg Oltxf;n] dfu u/]5 eg] xfdL klg sd/]8
jf;' aGg tof/, xfdL xf]gxf/ sdf08/ sd/]8 ;'lgnb]lv s'df/ kf}8n
5f}F . s'g} klg of]4f hgtfnfO{{ d'6d' f /fv]/, b]znfO{{ d'6d' f /fv]/ cfˆgf] hLjg ;xh}
Tofu ug{ tof/ x'g' eof] xfdL Tof] aGg tof/ 5f} . xfdL clvn Ps x'gk' 5{ .
sDo'lgi6x? Ps x'gk' 5{ . dfcf]jfbLx? Ps x'g' ' k5{ . b]zsf cu|ufdL zlQmx? Ps
x'g' k' 5{ . xfdLnfO{{ s;}n] x/fpg ;Sb}g . xfdL ;dfhjfb;Dd hfg ;S5f} . xfdL
g]kfnnfO{{ ?kfGt/0f ug{ ;S5f} . xfdL Pstfj4 eP/ PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] :jfwLg
g]kfn agfpF5f} .
cfh gAa] nfv ljBfyL{ kl9/x]sf 5g /
sn]hdf dfq @) nfv ljBfyL{ kl9/x]sf
5g\ d g]kfnsf h] hlt ljBfyL{x? 5g\
;a}kl| t Pp6f xflb{s z'esfdgf JoQm
ug{ rfxG5' .
xfdL klg ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngjf6 sfd
ub}{ oxfF;Dd plePsf xf}+ . ;don] cfh
Pp6f kf6L{sf] ljleGg txdf sfd ub}5{ f} .
oxfF;Dd Nofpgsf] nflu g]kfnsf]
/fhgLltdf, g]kfnsf] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdf
/ z}lIfs cfGbf]ngdf xfd|f cu|hx?sf]
lgs} 7"nf] of]ubfg 5 . pgLx?n] cfˆgf]
hLjgnfO{ bfpdf /fv]/ hLjgnfO{ k|jfx
gu/L ;+3if{ u/] . /f0ffx?sf lj?4 ;+3if{
u/] . yf]/} dfG5]n] dfq k9\g kfpg] cWofF/f]
zf;gsf] lj?4df ljBfyL{x?n] ljb|fx] u/] .
k~rfotL lg/+sz ' tf nflbof] To;sf lj?4
klg xfd|f cu|hx?n] ljb|fx] u/] . sn]h
/ o'lgel;{6Lx?df /utsf] vf]nf aUof] .
;+3if{x? eP . 6fpsf km'6,] h]n, g]n /
oftgfdf ;of}F s'/fx? ckgfOof] t/ xfd|f
cu|hx?n] lg/+sz ' tfnfO{ c:jLsf/ u/] .
tfgfzfxL Joj:yfsf] c:jLsf/ u/] . g]kfnL
gful/sx?sf] df}lns :jtGqtf /
ljBfyL{x?sf] lxtsf] nflu, z}lIfs If]qsf]
lxtsf] lglDt nuftf/ ;+3if{ u/] .
@)!( ;fnb]lv @)@@ ;fn;Dd
nuftf/ ;+3if{ u/]kl5 :jljo"sf] If]qdf
klg xfdLn] clwsf/ k|fKt u¥of}F . To;kl5
g]kfndf kf6L{x? k'/} k|ltjGwdf k/] klg
ljBfyL{x? uf]na4 ug]{ / ljBfyL{x?dfkm{t\
g]kfndf /fhgLlts :jtGqtfsf] ;+3if{
cufl8 a9fpg xfd|f cu|hx? ;kmn
ePsf 5g\ . ToxL ;kmntfsf] ;Demgfdf
ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx? ag]/ xfdLn] h]7 !
ut] of] lbj; dgfpg] s'/f :yflkt eof] .
cfh xfdL h]7 ! ut]nfO{ ;lDembfv]/L
lg/+sz ' tf lj?4sf] ;+3if{, tfgfzfxL
;Qflj?4sf] ;+3if{, bnfnx? lj?4sf]
;+3if{, /fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf] ;+3if{ tkfO{n+ ]
htfaf6 kmls{P/ x]gx'{ f];\ xfdLn] uf}/a
ug{ ;S5f}F . u+ufnfn >]i7n] hLjg ck{0f
ug{' eof] t/ hxfFlgof ;Qf;Fu em'Sg'
ePg, lrlgofFdfg sfhLn] lbNnL ;Demf}tf
c:jLsf/ ug{' eof] uf]nL vfP/ e'jgkfs{df
;lxb aGg' eof] t/ pxfF em'Sg' ePg .
To; nuQ} k~rfot lj?4 ljb|fx] eof] .
To;df vu]Gb| kf}8n] , ldqdl0f cfrf{on]
of]ubfg u/] . tkfO{+ xfdLn] lhTb}, ef]Ub}
kl5Nnf] ;dodf a]gf]h clwsf/L, k"0f{
kf}8n] , ljlkg e08f/L, lbnaxfb'/ /Dt]n
nufot bh{gf} ;lxb x'Fb} k|Hjn
zfxL;Ddsf] /ut au]sf] 5 . pgLx?n]
xfdL g]kfnL hgtfs} lxtdf /ut aufPsf
x'g . xfd|f ljBfyL{x? g]kfn b]zsf]
+ ] eGg' xf];\ xfdL
] ;Dd jGg tof/
:jfwLgtfsf nflu n8]sf 5g\ . To;}n]
xfdLn] xfd|f cu|hx?nfO{ ;Ddfg ug{k' 5{
/ ;lDemg' k5{ . cfhsf] of] If0fdf d
tkfO{x+ ?;Fu pleP/ g]kfnsf] nflu hLjg
lbg] ;a} ljBfyL{ cu|h, ljBfyL{ g]tfx?k|lt
d ;Ddfg JoQm ug{ rfxG5' .
oxfF cl3 g]tfx?n] y'k}| s'/f /fVg'
eof] Psbd} v';L klg nfu]sf] 5 . of]
clvnsf] cfGbf]ng tkfO{+ xfdLn] x]of}{ eg]
of] ;fdfGo cfGbf]ng xf]Og . of] cfGbf]ng
gzfdf kfgL aUg]x?sf] cfGbf]ng xf]Og .
of] cfGbf]ng lbNnL / jfl;Ë6gn] lz/
lgx' / fpgeGbfv] / L sfg ;dft] /
lgx'l/g]x?sf] cfGbf]ng xf]Og . of] cfGbf]ng
b'O{ k};fsf] nf]edf g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ wf]sf
lbg] e|i6 dfG5]x?;Fu hf]l8Psf] cfGbf]ng
xf]Og . clvnsf] cfGbf]ng eg]sf] kmfF;Ldf
n6\lsFbf klg gem'Sg] uf}/ak"0f{ /
/Qm/l~ht cfGbf]ng xf] . h;n] g]kfnsf
xhf/f}–+ nfvf} hgtfnfO{ k|efljt u/]sf]
5 / qmflGtsf] af6f]df nfdj4 x'gsf]
lglDt k|l] /t u/]sf] 5 . of] xfd|f] dflnsx?n]
g]kfnnfO{ pklgj]z agfpgsf] nflu
cw{pklgj]z agfpgsf] nflu if8\oGq ubf{
;Demf}tf ubf{ em'Sg] cfGbf]ng xf]Og . of]
pgLx?sf lj?4 hjh{:t :jfwLgtfsf]
em08f km/fpg] g]kfnL hgtfsf] kIfdf
hLjg ;dlk{t ug{ ;Sg] jL/x?sf] Tof]
vfnsf] cfGbf]ng xf] . uf}/ak"0f{
cfGbf]ng;Fu ljBfyL{ hf]l8Psf] 5 .
oltdfq xf]Og k~rfotsf] lj?4df of
x/]s /fi6«3ftL ;Demf}tf x'g nfUbf d}bfgdf
plqP/ 6fpsf km'6b\ f, uf]nL rNbf klg
gem'Sg] o'jf ljBfyL{x?sf] ;fx;L / Pp6f
k|ultzLn jfdkGyL qmflGtsf/Lx?sf]
cfGbf]ng xf] . of] 7fpFdf cfh tkfO{x+ ?
x'gx' G' 5 . xfd|f cu|hx?nfO{ x]b{ } ubf{ xfd|f]
Oltxf;nfO{ x]bu{ } bf{ v]/L xfdL s]af6 k|/] 0ff
lng ;S5f} < cfhsf] g]kfndf h:tf] j]lylt
5 xfdL s]af6 k|/] 0ff lng] < xfdLn] tLg}
dfG5]af6 k|/] 0ff lng' k5{ u+ufnfn >]7,
lrlgofFdfg sfhL / hgo'4df snh] 5f]8/]
xfd kmfNg] ljBfyL{x?af6 k|/] 0ff lng' k5{ .
cfh klg g]kfnsf] :jfwLgtf / g]kfnL
hgtfsf] clwsf/sf] lglDt ljleGg
vfnsf ljrngsf lj?4 ;+3if{ ug]{ ljBfyL{
g]tf tyf of]4fx?af6 k|/] 0ff lng' k5{ .
of] 7fpFdf tkfO{x+ ? o'jf ;fyLx? x'gx' G' 5 .
Tof] af6f]df tkfO{x+ ? cjZo nfdj4
x'gx' g' 5
] . To;df d]/f] z'esfdgf klg
5.
cj g]kfnsf] l:yltsf] s'/f u/f},+
xfdLn] x]l//x]sf 5f} b]zdf xfdLn] w]/}
zf;gx? v]Kof},F ;+3if{ u¥of},F k~rfotnfO{
v]Kof},F xfdLeGbf cufl8 n8\g] cu|h
sd/]8x? oxfF x'gx' G' 5 . pxfFx?n] /f0ff
zf;glj?4 klg s'g} g s'g} e"ldsf k'/f
ug{' eof] . xfdLn] cfkm}F k|ToIf o'jf x'bF fb]lv
k~rfotsf lj?4df ;xefuL eof}F . xfdL
h]n k'Uof},F g]n vfof},+ xfd|f ;fyLx?n] y'k}|
vfnsf] oftgfx? klg kfP . t/, klg
xfdL em'sg] f},F nl8/xof}+ . xfdLn] n8\bf–
n8\b} oxfF;Dd cfof}F . y'kv} | fnsf zf;gx?
ef]Uof} / cfh xfdL ;+;bLo Joj:yf
ef]lu/x]sf 5f} . oBlk of] k/Dk/fut
k'/fg} vfnsf] dfq 5}g . of] Joj:yf
cfpg'sf] k5fl8 g]kfnsf nfvf}F nfv
Gofok|d] L hgtfsf] /ut, kl;gf, >d /
b'v ldl;Psf] 5 . 3/jf/x? pl7jf;
ePsf 5g\ . cfunfuL ePsf 5g\ . oxfF
xhf/f} xhf/ of]4fx?sf] /ut 5 . dnfO{
clxn] klg ofb 5 sd/]8 dfwjs'df/
g]kfnnfO{ klg h]n xflnPsf] lyof] .
Toltj]nf sf+u;] | sf g]tfx?nfO{ klg h]n
xflnPsf] lyof] . xfdL Psfsf/ eP/ n8]sf
lyof} . xfd|f ;a} nfvf}F nfv g]kfnL hgtf,
o'jf ljBfyL{x? sf7df8f}s F f uNnLx?,
rf]sx?, h'emf? / ljb|fx] L ljBfyL{x?sf]
zlQmsf] cf8n] el/Psf lyP .
To;sf/0f clnslt kl/jt{g ePs}
5 . s]xL kl/jt{g ePg eGg] xf]Og,
kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . af]Ng g;Sg] dfG5]
af]Ng ;Sg] ePsf 5g\ . clwsf/ljxLg
gful/sx?n] klg Psxb ;Dd clwsf/
k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . s]xL g s]xL /fhgLlt
kl/jt{g klg ePsf] 5 . t/, xfdLn]
;+;bLo Joj:yf ef]lu/x]sf 5f}F . g]kfndf
;+;bLo Joj:yf s'g} gf}nf] Joj:yf xf]Og .
of] g]kfndf km]n eO;s]sf] Joj:yf xf] .
lj; @))& ;fnb]lv )!& ;fn;Dd
ef]us] } xf}F . @)$^ ;fn b]lv )^$
;fn;Dd klg ef]us ] } Joj:yf xf] . oBlk
o;df k|ultzLn zlQmx? klg x'G5g\ g}
o;nfO{ xfdLn] ;Fu;Fu} lnP hfg] cf6
ug{' k5{ .
cfh xfdLn] csf]{ vfnsf] Pp6f
kl/l:ylt / Joj:yf ef]Ub}5f} . of]
Joj:yfdf y'k}| ljs[lt / ljrngx?
b]vfk/]sf 5g\ . of] s'/fdf ;j} g]kfnL
gful/sx? k|i6 5g\ . of] s'g–} s;}nfO{
JofVof ug{' kg],{ ;Demfpg' kg]{ / slGeG;
ug{' kg]{ ljifo xf]Og . Pp6f ;fdfGo
dhb'/ / ;'s'Djf;Lsf] 3/, Pp6f
lbbLjlxgL, Pp6f ljb]z knfog ePsf]
o'jf, a]lrb} u/]sf] gf/L, oftgfsf]
s73]/fdf n8\b} u/]sf] ljBfyL{, n8\b} u/]sf]
l;kfxL, jf ljleGg hfuL/df a;]sf
sd{rf/L jf ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdf vl6Psf]
gf}hjfg ljBfyL{ h'g;'s} dfG5] klg
g]kfnsf] k|0ffnLaf6 ;Gt'i6 5}g .
xfdLn] b]vs] f] ;kgf k'/f x'g ;s]sf
5}gg . ;kgfx? lylRrof], ;kgfx? t'lxg]
vt/f a9\of] . ;kgfx?df Pp6f 7"nf]
e|0' fxTof ug]{ xdnf eO/x]sf] 5 . xfdL t
Pp6f ;'Gb/ g]kfn agfpg rfxG5f} .
o;df y'k}| vfnsf ;d:ofx? b]vfk/]sf
5g\ . kl5Nnf] ljs[t / e2f gd'gf of]
Joj:yfsf] zf;gdf k'us ] f lxhf] ;Dd
u[xdGqL eP/ b]znfO{ g]tT[ j u/]sf], lxhf]
;Dd pkk|wfgdGqL ePsf] dfG5]x? cfh
b'O{ sf}8Lsf] efp gx'g] Pp6f lnnfdL
j:t'sf] ?kdf ˆofFlsPsf 5g\ / pgLx?
cfh h]nsf] lr;f] l5F8Ldf ?b} j:g'kg]{
l:ylt jg]sf] 5 . t/, xfdLn] vf]tNb}
uof} eg] s'g} ;Ldf 5}g . ;+;bLo Joj:yf
g} Pp6f o:tf] vfnsf] d]lzg jg]sf] 5,
h'g d]lzgdf xfNnf] eg] c;n dfG5]
klg l;+u k'R5/ pdf/]/ lgl:sG5 . of]
vfnsf] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
hgo'4df of g]kfnsf] qmflGtdf of
!( lbg] hgcfGbf]ngdf hLjgnfO{ bfpdf
/fvL n8\g] g]tfx?sf] s] eof] < lsg
pgLx? cfh b'O{ sf}8Lsf] efpdf lnnfd
eO/x]sf 5g\ < lsg dflnssf] cufl8
o;/L ;dlk{t ePsf 5g\ < lsg pgLx?
l6Sg ;Sb}gg\ < lsg g]kfnL hgtfnfO{
b]Vg ;Sb}gg\ < lsg a'‰b}gg\ g]kfnnfO{
o:tf] hf] vfnsf] kl/l:ylt cfPsf] 5 .
of] eg]sf] xfdLn] s] b]V5f} eg] bnfn
k'h
F LjfbL ;Qfsf] ;d:of xf] .
xfdLn] ;fdfGtjfb k/f:t u/]sf 5f} .
;j}n] a'em]sf 5f} . ;fdfGtjfb dfq}
g]kfnsf] pTkL8gsf] sf/0f xf]Og,
;fdfGtjfb dfq} g]kfnsf] b'bz { f xf]Og,
;fdfGtjfb dfq} ul/aL / cfhsf]
k5f}6]kg / cfhsf] g]kfnsf] hf]
cGwsf/k"0f{ l:ylt aGg vf]Hb} 5, To;sf]
sf/0f xf]Og . o;sf] k5fl8 ;fd|fHojfbL
tTj / x:tIf]k, l5d]sLx?sf] ;fd|fHojfbL
x:tIf]k Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ sf/0f 5 . xfdL
dfG5] aGg rfxG5f}+ . t/, pgLx?n]
xfdLnfO{ bf; agfpg rfxG5g\ . pgLx?
cfˆgf] u'nfd ePsf] x]g{ rfxG5g\ .
æxfdL of] ljZjdf @! cf}+ ;tfAbLdf
g]kfnL eP/ afFRg rfxG5f}+ . pgLx?
!*÷!( cf}+ ztfAbLsf] kl/j]zdf x]g{
rfxG5g\, n8fO{ rln/x]sf] 5 . of] n8fO{df
o'jf ljBfyL{x?n] s'g af6f] lng] < stfkl§
hfg] < oxfF Pp6f ;+u7g, b'Oj{ 6f ;+u7g
jf oxfF hDdf ePsf ;+u7gsf] dfq s'/f
xf]Og, of] gAa] nfv ljBfyL{sf] eljio;Fu
hf]l8Psf] s'/f xf] . cfh sn]h kl9/x]sf
t/ lzIffsf] u'0f:t/sf] cefjn] ubf{v/] L,
lzIffsf] cj}1flgstfsf] sf/0fn] ubf{
sn]h / o'lgel;{6Lx? j]/f]huf/ hGdfpg]
ynf] h:tf] ePsf 5g\ . j]/f]huf/
c/fhssf] s]Gb| klg xf] . hj j]/f]huf/
k}bf x'G5 To;kl5 ljrngtf k}bf xG5 .Æ
cfh b]zdf krf; xhf/ dfG5] dfq
/f]huf/L kfpF5g\ . ;f9] rf/ nfv
ljBfyL{x? x/]s jif{ kf;cfp6 x'G5g\ .
krf; xhf/n] klg /fd|f] hflu/ kfpg
;Sb}gg\ eg] clg o'jf j]/f]huf/ eP/
ef}tfl/g' kg]{ l:ylt 5 . of t ljlu|g' kg]{
of ljb]z uP/ u'nfdL ug{' kg]{ kl/l:ylt
g]kfndf hf] 5 of] s;}sf] sf/0fn], Pp6f
s'g} g]tfsf] sf/0fn] xf]Og of] s]jn Pp6f
kf6L{sf sf/0fn] klg xf]Og . xfd|f] b[li6sf]0f
s] 5 eg] of] bnfn ;+;bLo k'h F LjfbL ju{
/ pgLx?sf sf/0fn] xf] .
;Qf juL{o x'G5 g}, g]tfx?nfO{ yfx}
geP/ o:tf vfnsf ;d:ofx? x'G5g\ .
ToxL eP/ dfS;{jfb hlGdof], ToxL eP/
;dfhjfb hlGdof], ToxL eP/ ;fDojfb
hlGdof], logLx?aLr n8fO{ rln/x]sf]
5 . dfG5]x? xfdLnfO{ s] eG5g\ eg]
sDo'lgi6x? c;kmn eP, g]kfndf
sDo'lgi6 c;kmn eof], dfcf]jfbLx?
c;kmn eP . xfdLn] r'gf}tL lbPsf 5f}
k'h
F LjfbLx? s]xL ;do lhT5g\ / lht]sf
5g\ . ?;df xfdLn] lht]sf lyof} ToxfF
xf¥of},F k"jL{o/' f]kdf klg xfdLn] lht]sf
lyof} / ToxfF klg xf¥of}F . ljZjsf ljleGg
b]zx?df sDo'lgi6x? n8] xf/], g]kfndf
klg xfdL cln cf]em]n kl/Pnf h:tf]
ePsf] 5 . t/ xfdL bfafsf ;fy eG5f}
PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbL j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL
Joj:yfsf] ztfAbL xf] .
of] n'6/] fx?sf] Joj:yf x'g ;Sb}g,
of] xfd|f] r'gf}tL 5 . cfh g]kfndf klg
y'k}| x}/fgLx? 5g\ . clnslt lg/f;,
sltslt ljt[i0ff, /fhgLltk|lt g} s] xf] <
s] xf] < ef}tfl/Psf] h:tf], d]nf]d; ] f]
gePsflt/ xfdkmfNg] , Totflt/
pln{/fv]sf] h:tf] 5 . dfG5]df cfj]u
5 . !% jif{;Dd xfdLn] x]¥of},F g]kfnsf]
hgtfsf] hLjgdf vf;} 7"nf] ?kfGt/0f
Nofpg ;s]g . ToxfF q'6Lx? eP, cfly{s
If]qdf q'6Lx? eP . z}lIfs If]qdf x]gx' { G' 5
eg] k~rfotsf a]nf b'Or { f/ j6f af]l8{Ë
dfq lyP . ;fob tkfO{n+ fO{ yfxf 5}g
xf]nf . o'jf ljBfyL{ ;fyLx? clxn] kl9/xg'
ePsf] 5 . xfdLn] k9bfv]/L lghLs/0fsf
lj?4 n8]sf lyof}F . jx'bn cfof], jx'bnn]
:jtGqtf lbg'k5{ eGg] s'/f l7s 5 t/
lzIffnfO{ jhf/Ls/0fsf] j:t' agfOof] .
lzIff x/]s gful/ssf] g};lu{s clwsf/
xf] . g]kfnsf] wlt{df hlt ljBfyL{x?,
gful/sx? hlGdG5g\ x/]s hlGdg]
gful/ssf] ;dfg clwsf/ lzIffdf x'gk' 5{ .
t/, of] Joj:yfn] lzIffnfO{ jhf/sf] j:t'
agfOlbof] . ahf/df k'¥ofOlbof] . ahf/df
k'us ] f] lzIffn] gfd / bfd dfq x]5{ .
;dfgtf / clwsf/ x]bg{ } .
cfh g]kfndf d'¶Le/ dfG5]sf
5f]/f5f]/Lx?n] nfvf}F vr]/{ k9\gk' g],{
hgtfsf] 5f]/f5f]/Ln] :s'ndf klg k9g
gkfpg], ef}tfl/g' kg],{ lhGbuL g} ajf{b
x'g,] lg/f;flt/ ws]lng] of] l:ylt lzIff
If]qdf b]lvPsf] 5 . cfh tkfO{n+ ] ;'Gg'
ePsf] 5 !* b]lv @) k|ltzt lghL
If]qdf lzIffn] 9fs]sf] 5 . *) k|ltzt
lzIff ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0fdf 5 . ljBfyL{x?
Ifdtfsf] lx;fjn] x]ge' { of] eg] ;/sf/tkm{
klg dfG5] cfzfjfbL 5 t/ st} ;/sf/n]
lhDdf lng ;s]sf] 5}g / ;dfNg
;ls/x]sf] 5}g . dfG5]x? dg{' kg],{ hNg'kg],{
kl/l:ylt ag]sf] 5 .
xfdLn] s] eg]sf 5f} eg] of] s'g}
JolQm ljz]ifsf] s'/f xf]Og, g]kfnsf] ;Qf
hgtfdf ablnPsf] 5}g . g]kfnsf
>ldsx?n] of] ;QfnfO{ cfˆgf] 7fGb}gg\ .
ef]6 klg k};fdf ljqmL ug{k' g]{ afWotf
5 . ;'sD' jf;Ln] cfˆgf] clwsf/sf nflu
n8\bg} n8\g rfxb}g . p;n] b'O{ rf/
xhf/ s;n] lbG5 < To;df ef]6 xfN5 .
cfh tkfO{+n] x]g{'xf];\ ;dfg'kflts
;ef;bx? s/f]8f} s/f]8sf Jofkf/sf j:t'
alg/x]sf 5g\ . ToxfF s'g} hgtfsf] s'/f
5}g . :jfwLgtfsf] s'/f ug{x' f];\ /ftf/ft
!@ jh] /flt cfP/ g]kfnsf g]tfx?sf]
sfg j6f/]/ b]zsf] :jfwLgtf / cl:dtf
dfly x:tIf]k ug]{ kl/l:ylt alg/x]sf]
5 . of] ;a s] xf] < hgtfsf] ;Qf agfpg]
xfd|f] rfxgf hf] xf] Tof] k'/f ePsf] 5}g .
d s'g} kf6L{nfO{ eGg klg rfxFbg} d
Pp6f ;To s'/f eGg rfx]sf] s'/f s] xf]
eg] hlxn];Dd g]kfnsf] ;Qf >lds
hgtfsf] xftdf cfpFbg} jf:tjdf cfˆg}
k|ltlglw r'Gg] kl/kf6L aGb}g, ;fRr} lgikIf
9+un] g]kfnsf gf} hjfgx?sf] ;kgfnfO{
;+/lIft ug]{ Pp6f j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL
Joj:yf of ;dfhjfbaf6 ;fDojfb tkm{
hfg] dxfg\ cfbz{sf] Joj:yf hlxn];Dd
cfpFbg} , g]kfnL hgtfn] d'lQm kfpg
;Sb}g . g]kfn b]zn] klg :jfwLgtf k|fKt
ug{ ;Sb}g . To;sf/0f xfd|f] b[li6sf]0f s]
5 eg] o;df xfdL jx; u/f}+ / ug{k' 5{ .
cfh 5nkmn rln/x]sf] 5 . xfdLn]
x]l//x]sf 5f} . htfjf6 x]gx'{ f];,\ cfly{s
3
If]qdf x]gx'{ f];\ t $)) kl/jf/sf] xftdf
g]kfnsf] cfwf ;DklQ uO{;Sof] . Psflt/
hgtf b'O5 { fs vfg gkfpg] cj:yfdf
5g\ . g]kfnsf] pTkfbgn] tLg dlxgf
klg vfg k'Ub}g csf]l{ t/jf6 x]gx' { f];\ a}Íx?
lbgk|ltlbg ca{klt eO/x]sf 5g\ .
j}Íx?n] ljb]zdf ;d]t a}Í vf]ln/x]sf
5g\ . g]kfnsf k'h F Lkltx?n] ljb]zdf
;d]t pBf]u vf]ln/x]sf 5g\ . t/, oxfF
Jofkf/ 6f6 kN6fOPsf] 5 . o:tf] kl/kf6L
xfdLn] x:tIf]k gug]{ xf] eg] a]xfn x'g]
cj:yf 5 / b]zsf] cy{tGq a]hf]u x'g5] .
Pp6f g]kfnLsf] rfxgf :jfwLg x'g] /
cfTdlge{/ x'g] lyof] . o:t} xfd|f] rfxgf
klg s] lyof] eg] g]kfn cfˆg} v'§fdf
plePsf] :jfwLg g]kfn h?/L 5 .
PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLdf g]kfnL eP/ jfFRg]
rfxgf lyof] . xfdL cd]l/sLx? /
o'/f]lkogx?sf] u'nfd aGg rfxFbg} f}F . xfdL
ef/tLox?sf] klg u'nfd aGg rfxFbg} f}F .
of] b]zdf :jfwLg eP/ afFRg rfxG5f}F /
ljZjnfO{ ;Gb]z lbg rfxG5f}F . of] g]kfn
eGg] b]z cfˆg} v'§fdf pleg;S5 .
g]kfnsf o'jfx?n] klg cfˆgf] eljiosf]
af6f] cfkm}F sf]g{ ;S5g\ eGg] of]
g]kfnLx?sf] ;kgf xf] . of] ;kgfnfO{ xfdLn]
k'/f ug{ rfxG5f}F . t/, cfh h'g ufpFdf
uP klg ?jfjf;L, 3/ eUgfjz]if h:tf],
b]z eUgfjz]if h:tf], /]ld6\ofG;n] b]z
rNg] h:tf] ePsf] 5 . /]ld6\ofG;n] rNg]
b]z b'O{ sf}8Lsf] x'bF g} . /]ld6\ofG;n] afFRg]
kf6L{, /]ld6\ofG;df /dfpg] ;/sf/ s'g}
klg a]nf olQ sdhf]/ x'G5 ls ds}sf]
9f6 nufPsf] v'§f h:tf] klg x'bF g} . of]
Ps bgsd} 9N5 . of] l:ylt xfdLn]
b]vs ] f 5f} . d s] eG5' eg] ;fob ;'Gg'
ePs} xf]nf xfdLn] Pp6f cleofg yfn]sf
5f} . Tof] ;fFRr} xfdL u5f}{ . xfdL leq
s]xL ug]{ rfxgf 5 . xfdL pBf]u vf]Ng]
tof/Ldf 5f} .
xfdLn] eg]sf 5f} sL xfd|f] x/]s g]tf
pTkfbgdf hf]l8g'k5{ . s[lif ug{' k5{
eg]sf 5f}, ul//x]sf klg 5f} . vfgsf
nflu dflnsx?nfO{ x]g'{ kb}g{ . x]gx'{ f];\
^÷& s/f]8 dflg;x?nfO{ vfg k'Ug]
g]kfnsf] hldg 5, Tof] afFemf] 5 . ufpFdf
af6f] b]vfpg] dfG5] 5}g . ufpFdf
hgtfnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ dfG5] 5}g . ;j}
ljb]zsf] nfOgdf nfu]sf 5g\ . sof}
dGqLx? / kf6L{sf] dfG5]x? ufpFdf
d]gkfj/ vf]n/] a;]sf 5g\ . o'jfx?nfO{
ljb]z k7fpF5g\ . ltgLx?sf] p2]Zo s]
xf] eg] g]kfndf s]xL x'bF g} , ljb]zlt/
hfp eGb} o'jfx?nfO{ ljb]z knfog
ul//x]sf 5g\ . sn]hsf] l6r/n] /fd|f]
ljBfyL{nfO{ g]kfnd} j; eGg ;Sb}g .
p;n] eG5, ls ltdL ljb]z hfp, ljb]z
hfp, s] xf] of] < of] eg]sf] b]znfO{ c;kmn
agfpg], Wj:t kfg]{ s'/f xf] . of] ljifodf
xfdLn] ;femf jx; ug{ h?/L 5 . s'g}
kf6L{kl| t dfq nlIft u/]/ x'bF g} . s'g}
cd's JolQmk|lt nlIft u/]/ x'bF g} . of]
;j}sf] ;femf ;d:of xf] . d}n] sf+u;]| sf]
;fyLx?nfO{ eGg] u/]sf] 5' . g]kfndf
;dfhjfb cfof] eg] ;dfhjfb Nofpg]
dfG5]n] dfq pkef]u ug]{ xf]Og, of] tLg
s/f]8 g]kfnLn] pkef]u ug]{ s'/f xf] .
;dfhjfb ljgf g]kfnsf] eljio aG5
eGg] s'/f s;}n] ;f]rs ] f] 5 eg] Tof] cem
emg 8'Jg] s'/f xf] . cem} Wj:t} x'g] s'/f
xf] . cem} ;lsg] xf] . To;}n] g]kfndf
;dfhjfbsf] cfjZostf 5 . sf+u;]| n]
klg nf]stflGqs ;dfhjfb eG5,
sDo'lgi6x?n] t eGg] g} eOxfNo . clxn]
t s] 5 eg] nf]stGqsf] rk]6fdf k/]/
sDo'lgi6 g]tfx?sf] 3fF6Laf6 nf]stGq
eGbfeGb} ;dfhjfb eGg] zAb cfpg
g;Sg] eof] .
c8\lsP/, clNemP/ leq leq} l5/]
h:tf] 5 . ;dfhjfb xfd|f] cfbz{ xf] .
;dfhjfbaf6 xfdL s;/L ljd'v x'g
;S5f} < ;dfhjfb xfd|f] df}lns l;4fGt
xf] . of] dfgj hfltn] cfh{g u/]sf] >]i7
l;4fGt xf] . of] l;4fGtdf xfdL hfg'k5{ .
a? c;kmntfjf6 kf7 l;Sg'k5{ .
-af“sL ^ k]hdf_
 4 @)*) ;fn h]7 & ut] cfOtaf/
k'h“ LjfbL ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] c;kmntf, /fli6«o ;+s6 / cu|ufdL lgsf;– j}1flgs ;dfhjfb
@_ $^ ;fnb]lv nuftf/ ?kdf
;+;bLo Joj:yf of] b]zdf k|of]u eof] .
jif{ cl3 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] ;+3Lo
nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds ;+;bLo
Joj:yf klg hgtfsf] Joj:yf aGg
;ls/x] s f] 5} g . clxn] bnfn
k'h
F LjfbLx?n] zf;g Joj:yfdf x}sd
rnfO/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . To;otf x/]s
If]qdf x/]s jif{ cf]/fnf] ofqf 5 . /fli6«o
:jfwLgtfsf] k"0f{ /Iff ug],{ gful/sx¿sf]
;'v, ;d[l4nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug],{ cfTdlge{/–
pTkfbgd'vL cy{tGq :yfkgf ug],{ ;Dk"0f{
lje]b / e|i6frf/sf] cGTo u/]/ ;'zf;g
:yfkgf ug],{ c;nL nf]stGqsf] :yfkgf
ug],{ k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / ;d[l4 ofqf cufl8
a9fpg] d'Vo cleef/fdf ;+;bLo Joj:yf
k"0f{t c;kmn l;4 ePsf] 5 .
ls;fg, dlxnf, dhb'/, >lds
;d'bfo, pTkLl8t hflt, If]q /
ju{nufotsf hg;d'bfosf] clwsf/
ckx/0f x'g k'us ] f] 5 . cfly{s k/lge{/tf,
bnfnLs/0f, dflkmoflu/LnfO{ j[l4 u/]sf]
5 . hgtf rsf]{ d"Noj[l4 / a]/f]huf/L
Pj+ ul/aLsf] df/df kl//x]sf 5g\ . g]kfn
olta]nf Pp6f P]ltxfl;s ;+qmd0fsf]
sfnv08df plePsf] 5 . ;a}lt/
c;Gt'li6, cfa]u / cfqmf]z kf]lvPsf]
5 . ;+s6df gk/]sf] s'g} klg JolQm,
If]q / ;+:yf 5}g . ;+s6nfO{ df]rg ug{
b]zdf gofF cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] h?/L
5 . To;sf] lglDt g]kfnsf /fhgLlts
zlQm, g]tT[ j / a'l4hLljx?n] of] ;+s6nfO{
s;/L ;dfwfg ug]{ < To;sf] cu|ufdL
lgsf; s] xf] < g]tT[ j s;n] ug]{ < b]znfO{
u'0ffTds kl/jt{g / ?kfGt/0f lt/ s;/L
n}hfg] < uxg ljdz{ ug{ h?/L 5 .
/fhg}lts If]qsf] ;+s6
;+;bLo Joj:yfdf cfPsf] ;+s6n]
;+;bjfbL /fhgLlt ljrf/ z"Go cj:yfdf
k'us ] f] 5 . l;4fGtxLgtf, ljrf/xLgtf,
ky e|i6tf, bnfnLs/0f / e|i6frf/ b}lgsL
h:tf ePsf 5g\\ . sfo{kflnsf,
Joj:yflksf / Gofokflnsf ;a} If]qdf
efuaG8f, hf]8–36fp, hfn;fhL,
if8\oGqsf] u7aGwg o;}df dfq ;Lldt
ePsf] 5 . sd{rf/LtGq, pBf]uL,
Joj;foL, cbfnt, ;]gf cflb ;a} o;sf]
l;sf/ ePsf 5g\ . ;/sf/ agfpg],
lu/fpg], vl/b laqmL ug]{ cflb ;f/f
rlt{snfx? k|al[ tsf] ?kdf bf]xf]l/Psf
5g\ . kb, s';L{, k};f, u'6, pku'6sf
:jfy{x?df xfgfyfk, cfk;L le8Gtx?n]
hgtfnfO{ jfSs agfPsf] 5 . ;Qf /
kbsf lglDt h] klg ug{ tof/ x'g] b]zsf]
;fwg;|ft] ljb]zLx?;Fu df]ndf]nfO{ ug]{
h:tf lgs[i6 / t'R5 sfdx? eO/x]sf
5g\ . of] ;+;bLo /fhgLltdf lgi7f, Odfg
/ g}ltstf eGg] lrh afFsL 5}g . ;+;bLo
kf6L{, g]tf / Joj:yfk|lt hgtfsf] df]x
k'/} eË x'g k'us ] f] 5 . ;du|df ;+;bLo
Joj:yf r/d ;+s6 k'us ] f] 5 .
cfly{s If]qsf] ;+s6
ljleGg hg;+3if{ / hgcfGbf]ng,
hgo'4 / qmflGtn] k"0f{ ;kmntf k|fKt
ug{ ;s]g . Tofu, tk:of / alnbfgn]
ljho k|fKt ug{ ;s]g . b]zsf] cy{tGqsf]
afu8f]/ ei6«rf/L g]tT[ j k+lQm, pRRfkb:y
sd{rf/L u0f tyf u}/pTkfbs bnfn
k'hF LjfbL Jofkf/Lx?sf] sAhfdf k'us ] f]
5 . d'¶Le/ JolQmx? c/aklt aGb} uPsf
5g\ . pTkfbgd"ns pBdL Joj;foLx?
6f6 klN6Psf 5g\ . gful/sx¿ ufF;,
af;, skf;, lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L,
;'/Iff, oftfoft, ;"rgf, ;~rf/, ;]jf /
;'ljwf h:tf cfwf/e't cfjZostfx?
k"/f ug{ g;Sg] xfnt aGb}5 . h:tf,
rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] cfly{s a[l4 b' @=!^
k|ltztdf ;Lldt x'g] cfFsng ul/Psf]
5 . hj ls Ps jif{ cl3 ah]6 k|:t't
ub{} ubf{ * k|ltztn] cfly{s a[l4 x'g]
k|If]k0f ul/Psf] lyof] . /fli6«o tYofÍ
ljefun] xfn} hgfPcg';f/ g]kfnL s"n
ufx{:y pTkfbgsf] -lhl8kL_ ;fOh c;f/
d;fGt;Dddf ? # va{ *_ ca{ k'us ] f]
hgfPsf]5 . k|fKt ;"rgfcg';f/ s[lif,
pBf]u, ko{6g, lgdf{0f dfq 36]sf 5}gg\
xf]6n] / l/6]n ;]S6/ Jofkf/ klg 36]sf
5g\ . kf]xf]/ ;fn &=$^ k|ltztn] a[l4
ePsf] pQm ;]S6/ of] jif{ @=)^
k|ltztsf] a[l4 b/df cf]ln{Psf]5 . o;/L
Aofkf/ 36\gd' f b'j} sf/0f k|jn x'g ;S5g,
klxnf] cfd dflg;sf] qmo zlQm 36\gfn]
pkef]u sd u/]sf 5g\ . bf]>f] eG;f/
glt/Lsg ;fdu|L lelqg] –c08/
OGEjfl;ª_ sf] dfqf a9\g] u/]sf]5 . o:tf]
s[ofsnfk e|i6frf/ JofKt x'bF f x'g] xf] .
;g\ !((& b]lv g} g]kfnL cy{tGq qmlds
?kdf v:sFb} uPsf] lyof] . t/ ;g\ !(!(
b]lv eg] cfly{s a[l4 cj?4 x'g k'us ] f]
;+st] u/]sf] lyof] . oltj]nf cfP/ dfq
gjpbf/jfbL cy{zf:qLx? klg dGbL u|:t
x'g k'us ] f] l:jsf/ ug{ k'us ] f 5g\ .
hn, h+un, hldg, hn;|ft] , hl8a'6L,
k|fs[lts ;fwg / ;|ft] x? ;a}lt/
ldnf]dtf]df] bf]xg cyf{t e|i6frf/ x'g]
u/]sf]5 . e"d08nLs[t pbf/jfbL k'hF Ljfbn]
/fli6«o pBf]uwGbf / hgtfsf] cy{tGq
k"/} Wj:t agfpFb} nu]sf] 5 . o'jfx?
lab]l;g afWo 5g\ . @) va{ eGbf a9L
j}bl] zs C0f k'us ] f] 5 . of] lx;fjn] x/]s
g]kfnL gful/ssf] 6fpsf]df %# xhf/ eGbf
a9L C0f yf]kl/Psf] 5 . Jofkf/ 3f6f
r'lnb} uPsf] 5 . d"Noj[l4 cfsfl;Psf]
5 . o'jf zlQm / k|ltef knfog ePsf
5g\ . /fHosf] 9's6' L vfnL x'g] k|so[ fdf
5 . vjf}{ ?lkofF ;6xL u/]/ ljb]zdf
;fOkmf]lgª ug]{ wGbf /f]lsPsf] 5}g . vaf}s + { f]
s/ 5nL x'g] u/]sf] 5 / s/5nL ul/Psf]
cfocfh{g s/5'6 ePsf l;–;f]/ a]nfotL
6fk' x ?df (sea–soar island)
a}s
+ x?df y'kfl/Psf] v'nf;f x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
o:tf] 8/nfUbf] e|i6frf/df b]z 8'as ] f] 5 .
s]Gb|bl] v :yfgLo tx;Dd e|i6rf/ JofKt
5 . wgL / ul/aaLrsf] vf8n
lbgk|ltlbg al9/x]sf] 5 . gjpbf/jfbL
ahf/ cy{tGqn] v8f u/]sf] pTkfbg
;DaGwn] ;j{;fw/0f cfdhgtf aLrdf
tLj| cGt/lj/f]w r'lnb} uPsf]5 . o;/L
gLltut ?kdf ;+/rgfut / ;+:yfut
kl/jt{g cyf{t cfd"n ?kfGt/0f gul/Fbf
b]z c;kmn /fi6« x'bF 5 } . t/ gLlt
lgdf{tfx? / zf;sx?df ;d:ofsf] ;dwfg
ug]{ Ifdtf / df}sf u'dfO;s]sf] 5 .
;fdflhs If]qsf] ;+s6
/fhg} l ts / cfly{ s If] q sf]
gsf/fTds k|efj ;fdflhs If]qdf rsf]{
?kn] kl//x]sf] 5 . ;fdflhs d]nldnfk,
;b\efj, d"No / dfGotfx? etfe'Ë ePsf
5g\ . gful/sx¿sf cfwf/e" t
cfjZostfx? / df}lns clwsf/ k'/f
gx'bF f cg]sf} k|sf/sf ljs[ltx? cfPsf
5g\ . nfu'cf}ifwsf] b'Jo{;gL, dfgjt:s/L,
rf]/L, 8s}tL, lx+;f, cfTdxTof, hftLo
lje]b, 5f8f clZnntf, of}gwGbf /
j]Zofj[lt cflb j[l4 x'bF } uPsf 5g\ .
o'jfx¿sf] l;h{gzLntf / b]zelQm dfly
7"nf] cfqmd0f eO/x]sf] 5 . ljb]zLsf]
bnfnL / rfs/Ldf em'Dg] /dfpg] cToGt}
lgr k|jl[ Q xfjL eO/x]sf] 5 .
;f+:s[lts If]qsf] ;+s6
cTolws rn k'FhLsf] k|efj,
Pglhcf]x?sf] rnv]n / pkef]QmfjfbL
;+:s[ltn] 5f8f tyf cZnLn k|sf/sf]
;+:s[lt j[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . b]zd} s]xL
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5 . >dsf] ;+:s[lt Wj:t agfpFb}
nluPsf] 5 eg] dWod ju{df sd{ gu/L
k};f sdfpg] nfnrL a[l4 ePsf]5 .
j}bl] zs knfogtf cTolws a9]sf] 5 .
g}lts cfr/0fdf cTolws lu/fj6
cfPsf] 5 . ;Eo ;dfhsf] d"No /
dfGotfx? elTsPsf 5g\ . pGgt
;+:s[ltdf k|xf/ eO/x]sf] 5 . cfzf,
ljZjf;, zlQm / cfTdfljZjf;df
eO/x]sf] Xnf;n] ubf{ /rgfTds Pj+
l;h{gzLn ;+:s[lt cl3 a9\g ;s]sf]
5}g . b]znfO{ dfof ug],{ cWoog ug],{
1fg a[l4 ug],{ v/fa s'/fsf] k|ltjfb
ug]{ / ;+3if{df cl3 a9\g] h:tf d"Nox?
lub}{ uPsf] 5 . g]kfnL x'gd' f uf}/j ug]{
;+:s[ltdfly k|Zgx? v8f u/fpFb}
nluPsf] 5 . cu|ufdL kl/jt{g /
b]zk|ltsf] ;dk{0f, Pstf, ;xdlt,
;Ddfg h:tf ;+ : s[ l ts d" N o
dfGotfx?nfO{ hgtfsf] cf:yf;Fu
cljnDa hf]8g\ h?/L 5 / To;df
s8f kl/>d ug{k' g]{ ePsf] 5 .
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bafpg] bnfn ;+:s[lt xfaL x'bF } uPsf]
5 . o;df /fhgLlts zlQm, g]tf /
a'l4hLljx?n] g]tT[ jbfoL e"ldsf v]Ng'
kb{5 . s] /fd|f] xf], s] ;To xf], s] em'6,
s] v/fa xf], s] l3gnfUbf] xf], s] nfO{
k|z; + f ug],{ s] s'/fdf pT;flxt x'g,] s]
s'/fsf] lj/f]w ug{k' 5{, / gjk|jt{g /
cfljisf/df s;/L cl3 a9\gk' 5{ eGg]
ljifo kf7\oqmdsf c+z agfOg' cfjZos
ePsf] 5 . afnaflnsf / o'jfx¿df
s;/L /fd|f] cfr/0fdf cl3 a9fpg]
eg]/ xfdLn] zx/ / ufpFdf b}lgs
hLjgsf dfkb08x? k|of]u ug{ h?/L
5 . ljleGg pT;j, ;df/f]xx?df
hgtfsf ;+:s[ltx¿ lg/Gt/ cl3
a9fpg'kg]{ bfloTj cfPsf] 5 .
af}l4s If]qsf] cj:yf
b]zsf] dxfg ¿kfGt/0fsf] cleofgdf
af}l4s If]qsf] cToGt} dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf
x'G5 . ljleGg kl/jt{gsf cfGbf]ngx?df
g]tT[ jbfoL e"ldsf v]Nb} cfPsf klg x'g .
t/ gjpbf/jfbL ;+:s[ltsf] e/df/
af9Lkl5 clwsf+z g]kfnL a'l4hLjLx?
h;/L klg sdfpg], l56f] sdfpg] s'/f
;+:sf/sf ?kdf x'sb{ } uPsf] b]lvG5 .
cWoog / vf]h tyf cg';Gwfg a]u/
ljsNk ;L
kl/of]hgf k:sg], tYo / tYofÍnfO{
cfwf/ gagfO{ xr'jfsf e/df of]hgf
lgdf{0f ug],{ s]xL k|nf]egdf k/]/ ax'/fli6«o
lgudx?sf] kIfdf jsfnt ug]{ h:tf
unt k|al[ tx? pgLx?df klg df}nfPsf]
b]lvG5 . o;n] ubf{ xfd|f clwsf+z
ljZjljBfno tyf lzIffnox? ;+s6u|:t
ag]sf 5g\ . af}l4s If]qdf klg kl/dfh{g
cfjZos 5 . ;xL dflg;nfO{ ;xL 7fpFdf
k|fT] ;flxt ug]{ ;+:yfut kl/kf6Lsf]
cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 .
;+s6nfO{ a'‰g] b[li6sf]0fx?
clxn]sf] rf}tkmL{ ;+s6nfO{ a'‰g]
tLgj6f b[li6sf]0fx? sf] aLrdf
;fj{hlgs? kdf ax;x? ePsf] 5 .
klxnf], sDo"lgi6 b[li6sf]0f bf];f| ,] k'h
F LjfbL
;+;bjfbL b[li6sf]0f t];f| ,] /fhtGqjfbL
b[li6sf]0f cflb .
!_ sDo'lgi6 b[li6sf]0f
sDo'lgi6 b[li6sf]0fn] cfhsf] ;+s6nfO{
bnfn k'h F LjfbL cy{/fhgLlts ;DaGwsf
sf/0fn] cfPsf] 7fGb5 . g]kfn sDo'lgi6
kf6L{sf] b[li6sf]0fcg';f/ j}bl] zs x:tIf]k
Pj+ cltqmd0fsf] cGTo / bnfn k'h F LjfbL
;Qfsf] cfd"n ?kfGt/0fn] dfq pk/f]Qm
;+s6sf] ;dfwfg x'g] lgisif{ /x]sf] 5 .
g]kfndf tLg k|sf/sf] sDo'lgi6 wf/xx¿
/x]sf] 5 . df]xg a}B ls/0fn] g]tT[ j ug{e' Psf]
qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ eg]sf] xf] d"ntM
clxn]sf] /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltnfO{
a'‰g] / ;xL lgisif{ agfpg] s'/fdf g} kl5
k/]sf] 5 . ljsl;t ljZj kl/l:yltnfO{
j:t'ut 9Ën] ljZn]if0f ug{ / g]kfndf
ljsl;t ;fdflhs, cfly{s / /fhgLlts
cGt/lj/f]wx¿nfO{ klxrfg ug{ r'ss ] f]
5 . pxfFx?;Fu ePsf] oflGqstf / h8tfn]
k|wfg cGt/lj/f]w Pj+ k|wfg ;+3if{sf] df]rf{df
cj:t'jfbL cGtx? /x]sf 5g\ .
bf];f| ,] gfdsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ t/
Jojxf/df k'FhLjfbL / /0fgLltdf
;+;bjfbL wf/ 5 . ;/sf/ / ;Qfdf
k'Ugsf] lglDt h] klg ug{ tof/ / cft'/
kf6L{x¿ eg]sf Pdfn] / dfs]x? x'g\ .
tL kf6L{x?sf] cfly{s nf]e, JolQmjfbL
r/d\ dxTjsf+Iff / s'07fn] u|l;t 5g\ .
ljrf/ / l;4fGtnfO{ ltnf~hnL lbP/
cg]sf}+ u7aGwg ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .
ltgsf] b[li6sf]0fdf clxn]sf] ;+s6sf]
;dfwfg ;Qf / Joj:yfnfO{ abNg] eGbf
kfq, u'6, kf6L{nfO{ ;/sf/df cbn–
abn ug]{ d} s]lGb|t 5 . ;+;bLo
Joj:yfdf sfo{sf/L /fi6«klt k|0ffnL x'bF }
;dfhjfb ;Dd hfg'kg]{ ts{ u/] tfklg
Jojxf/df kb / s';L{eGbf aflx/
lgl:sg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . j}b]lzs
x:tIf]ksf] k|ltjfb / ;fdgf ug{s ' f] ;§f
ltgs} rfs/L ul//x]sf 5g\ . ltgs}
;fd' k|bz{g u/]sf 5g\ . of] b[li6sf]0f
/ Jojxf/n] klg ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{
;Sb}g . lsgeg] em08} b'Ol{ txfO glhssf]
;/sf/ ag] tfklg ljb]zk/:t gLlt /
Jojxf/sf sf/0f kl/0ffd cfpg ;s]g .
;d:of / ;+s6 emg\ a9\b} uof] .
t];f| ] wf/ eg]sf] g]kfn sDo'lgi6
kf6L{sf] b[li6sf]0f xf] . h;n] PSsfO;f}+
ztfAbLdf ljsl;t ePsf] ljZj
kl/l:ylt / g]kfnL ;dfhsf] j:t'ut
ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df ;+Zn]lift u/]sf]
PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf] k|of]u ul//x]sf]
5 . of] j}1flgs cg';Gwfg / k|of]usf]
wf/ xf] . of] g} g]kfnL qmflGtsf/L
sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] ;antf, ju{;3+ if{,
df/] df/ dfn]dfsf] /Iff / k|of]usf] gofF
pRrtf / s]Gb|Ls/0f xf] .
@_ k'“hLjfbL ;+;bjfbL b[li6sf]0f
of] b[li6sf]0fdf d'VotM g]kfnL sf+u;] |
nufotsf cGo bnx? 5g\ . h;n]
clxn]sf] ;Í6nfO{ cToGt} k"jf{ux| L 9+un]
ljZn]if0f ug}{ ub{5g\ . ;fd|fHojfb k/:t
of] wf/n] ;+s6sf] k|dv ' sf/0f eg]sf]
JolQm, k|jl[ Q Pj+ ;/sf/nfO{ 7fGb5g\ .
b]z x/]s lbg cf]/fnf] nflu/x]sf] 5 .
;+s6 al9/x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o cl:tTjdfly
g} k|Zg lrGx v8f eO/x]sf] a]nfdf
hgtfdf cToGt} gsf/fTds e|d pTkGg
u/fpg] e|dk"0f{ k|rf/ ub}5 { g\ . of]
dgf]utjfbL b[li6sf]0f xf] . h;n]
;d:ofsf] ;xL klxrfg / ;dfwfg lb+bg} .
of] k|jl[ Q clxn]sf] ;Í6nfO{ ;Qf / ;+;bLo
Joj:yfsf] c;kmntf dfGg tof/ 5}g .
t/, Jojxf/ / kl/0ffdn] k|dfl0ft
ul/;Sof] . h;nfO{ cfd"n ?kfGt/0f ug{
tof/ b]lvFbg} . of] oyfl:yltjfbL b[li6sf]0f
xf] . k'hF LjfbLx¿sf] / bnfnx¿sf] zf]if0f
/ pTkL8gnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] b[li6sf]0f
xf] . o;n] ;+s6sf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sb}g .
;Qf /;:jfbgdf r'nD'{ d 8'as ] f] sf/0fn]
o;n] s]jn ;/sf/sf] bIftf, JolQmsf]
g}lts of]Uotf, Ifdtfsf] cefjsf sf/0fn]
o:tf] ;d:of cfPsf] k|rf/ ub{5 .
cfhsf] ;d:of eljiodf ;Daf]wg x'bF }
hfg] eg]/ 6fn6'n] ts{x¿ ub{5g\ . s]jn
r'gfjsf] rqmkydfkm{t\ bnfn ;+;bLo
Joj:yfnfO{ l6sfpg rfxG5 . /fhgLlts
k|0ffnL / Joj:yfx?df kfq ljz]ifsf]
Ifdtf / g}ltstf tyf OdfGbfl/tfn] w]/}
cy{ /fVb5 t/ d'Vo ;d:of eg]sf]
/fhg}lts k|0ffnLsf] x'G5 . h'g clxn]
hglj/f]wL /fhg}lts k|0ffnL 5 o;nfO{
gabnL hgck]Iff / kl/jt{gsf] ;kgf
;fsf/ x'g ;Sb}g . /fli6«o :jfwLgtf k|fKt
/ /Iff ug{ ;Sb}g . ljgfzsf/L bnfn
k'h
F LjfbL pTkfbg ;DaGwnfO{ o;n]
eTsfpg rfxFbg} . o;n] eGg] u/]sf]
lgsf; eg]sf] JolQm, k|jl[ Q km]//] r'gfj
b]lv r'gfa;Dd dfq} k'¥ofpg] xf] . o;n]
klg k|:6 kfb{5 ls of] b[li6sf]0f eg]sf]
hglj/f]wL b[li6sf]0f xf] . clxn] km]l/ csf]{
gofF kf6L{ ylkPsf] 5, /fli6«o :jtGq
kf6L{ . h;sf] ljrf/ 5}g, l;4fGt 5}g,
sfo{qmd 5}g . kye|i6 ;+:s[lt / sf08df
d'l5Psfx¿n] ;dfhsf] cu'jfO{ ug{
;Sb}gg\ . dfq ljb]zL p2]Zo k"/f ug{
v8f ul/Psf 5g\ . To;}n] logLx?af6
b]z aGg] cfzf ug{' eg]sf] xjfO{ sNkgf
dfq} xf] . cGo sltko ;fgf tyf If]qLo
kf6L{x?n] klg s]xL k|ultzLn d'2fx?df
5nkmn / ax; u/] tfklg To;n] ;du|
;+s6sf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sb}g oBlk tL
;f]rfO{x? ;sf/fTds 5g\ .
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of] b[li6sf]0fn] clxn]sf] Joj:yfsf]
c;kmntf / ;+s6nfO{;Dd :jLsf/ t
u/]sf] 5 t/ ;+s6sf] sf/0f eg]sf]
/fhtGqnfO{ cGTo ug{' 7fGb5 . b]zdf
Jofks cl:y/tf, c/fhstf, ul/aL,
a]/f]huf/L, d"Noj[l4 cflb ;d:ofx? olb
/fhf eOlbPsf] eP x'bF g} Yof] eGg] k|rf/
u/]sf] 5 . h'g cToGt} e|fds s'/f xf] .
of] b[li6sf]0f / wf/n] at{dfg b]zsf]
;+s6nfO{ ;dfwfg ug]e{ Gbf klg ljutdf
;Qfdf df]h u/]sf] :ju{nfO{ kmsf{pg rfxg]
;kgf b]Vg' dfq} /x]sf] 5 . o;n] eGg]
u/]sf] lgsf; eg]sf] /fhtGq;lxtsf]
;+;bjfb xf] . of] b[li6sf]0f eg]sf]
kZrufdL b[li6sf]0f xf] . clxn]sf] ;+s6sf]
lgsf; eg]sf] cu|ufdL b[li6sf]0faf6 dfq
;Dej 5 .
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lgM;Gb]x ¿kdf eGg] xf] eg] clxn]sf]
;+s6sf] j:t'jfbL, cu|ufdL Pjd\
k|ultzLn ;a} qmflGtsf/L lgsf; eg]s}
j}1flgs ;dfhjfb xf] . h;n] clxn]sf]
bnfn k'h F LjfbL ;+s6nfO{ ;dfwfg ub{5 .
bnfn k'h F LjfbL ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{ cfd"n
?kfGt/0f ub{5 . o;sf k|z:t tYo,
sf/0f / cfwf/x¿ 5g\ .
klxnf], of] j}1flgs b[li6sf]0f xf] .
x/]s k|fs[lts j:t'sf] hGd / d[To'
clgjfo{ x'G5 . To;}u/L /fhg}lts
k|0ffnLx? klg o;sf] pbo;Fu} d[To' x'G5 .
afXo sf/0fn] eGbf klg Tof] j:t' leqsf]
k}bf x'g] cGt/lj/f]w / ;+3if{ sf/0fn]
hlGdg] / dg]{ x'G5 . k'/fgf]sf] lj36g
x'G5 / gofFsf] pbo x'G5 . cflbd
;fDojfbL o'u, 9'Ë] o'u, s[lif o'u, bf;
o'u, ;fdGtL o'u x'bF } k'h F LjfbL o'udf
;dfh ljsf; ePsf] xf] . ;G;f/
kl/jt{gzLn 5 . P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL
b[li6sf]0fsf] cfwf/df x]bf{ k'h F Ljfb klg
Pp6f o'usf] c:yfoL 36gf xf] of] cgGt
5}g . ;dfh ljsf;sf] j}1flgs sf]0faf6
x]bf{ k'h
F Ljfbsf] klg cGTo x'G5 . j}1flgs
;dfhjfbsf] hGd clgjfo{ x'G5 .
bf];f| ,] bnfn k'hF LjfbL ;Qf ;+s6df
k'Ug' eg]sf] bnfn k'hF LjfbL ;+;bLo Aoa:yf
leq} uDeL/ k|sl[ tsf cGt/lj/f]wx¿ j[l4
ePsf] x'g' xf] . o;n] clgjfo{ ?kdf o;nfO{
?kfGt/0f u5{ . h;/L ;+;bLo Joj:yfn]
hgtfk|lt zf]if0f, pTkL8g, bdg u/]/
s]xL d'¶Le/ bnfnx?n] dfq /fHosf] ;|ft]
/ ;fwgdfly n'6 dRrfP/ :ju{ cfgGb
lnO/x]sf 5g\ . ax';V+ os hgtfnfO{ gs{
lt/ ws]ln/x]sf 5g\ . To;sf/0f ax';V+ os
hgtf of] ;Qf / Joj:yfsf] lj?4df ;+3if{
ul//x]sf 5g\ / Pslbg p;n] laho
k|fKt ub{5, ug]5{ .
t];f| ,] eg]sf] j}1flgs ;dfhjfbn]
k'/fgf] /fHo;QfnfO{ d'¶Le/ bnfn /
zf]ifsx¿sf] xftaf6 cfd >dhLj ju{,
b]zeQm Pjd\ k|ultzLn af}l4s ju{ /
pTkLl8t qmflGtsf/L zlQmx¿sf] g]tT[ jdf
k'¥ofpFb5 . dhb'/, ls;fg, dlxnf,
pTkLl8t ju{, If]q, hflt, >lds ;d'bfo,
b]zeQm, k|ultzLn lj1, af}l4s ju{,
k|ultzLn pBdL Jofj;foLx¿sf]
;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf / g]tT[ j /xG5 .
rf}yf], ;a}vfn] j}bl] zs x:tIf]k
rnv]n / cltqmd0fsf] cGTo u/]/
:jfwLg d'ns ' :yfkgf ug{k' 5{ . s'g} klg
b]z k"0f{ :jfwLg geP;Dd To;n] k|ult
ug{ ;Sb}g . To;sf/0f k"0f{ ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf]
/Iff, /fhg}lts :jtGqtfsf] k"0f{ k|of]u,
;Dk"0f{ lje]b, e|i6frf/, ld6/JofhLx?sf]
zf]if0f, bnfnLs/0fsf] k"0f{ cGTo /
;'zf;gsf] :yfkgf x'G5 .
kfFrf},+ ;a}eGbf hNbf]aNbf] ;d:ofsf
?kdf /x]sf] e"d08nLs[t k'h F LjfbL
Psflwsf/ / gjpbf/jfbL cfly{s 9fFrfsf]
cGTo ug}k{ 5{ . bnfnx¿sf] n'6tGq /
;fj{hlgs ;DklQ bf]xgnfO{ cGTo ug}{
k5{ . clg dfq PsLs[t :jfldTjdf
cfwfl/t pTkfbgd'vL /fli6«o cy{tGqsf]
lgdf{0f / ljsf; x'G5 . h;n] cfTdlge{/
cfly{s k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{sf] ;fy}
cfly{s ;fdflhs Gofo;lxtsf] k"jf{wf/
ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] ofqf cl3 a9fpF5 .
/fHon] gful/sx¿sf] cfwf/e"t
cfjZostfsf] Uof/]06L ub{5 . j}1flgs
lzIff / ;xh :jf:Yosf] kx'r F ;a}nfO{
Uof/]G6L ug'k{ 5{ .
5}7f},+ nf]stGqsf] jf:tljs cy{ /
k|of]u eg]sf] hgtfnfO{ ;j{zlQmdfg
agfpg' xf] . hgtf Oltxf;sf/ /
/rgfsf/ x'g\ pgLx? ;Rrf gfos x'g\
;Dk"0f{ zlQmsf ;|ft] x'g\ . /fHo;Qfdf
sfo{kflnsf, Joj:yflksf / Gofokflnsfsf]
PsLs[t k|0ffnL :yfkgf ubf{ To;df
hgtfsf] k|ToIf lgu/fgL / lgoGq0f
x'gk' b{5 . ;s];Dd ;a}lt/sf] sfo{sf/L
k|dv ' df hgtfsf] k|ToIf dt k|of]u x'g]
Joj:yf ug{' kb{5 .
;ftf},+ k'h F LjfbL pkef]QmfjfbjfbL
5f8f ;+:s[ltx?nfO{ cGTo ug{k' 5{ nfdf]
;dob]lv >lds ;d'bfodfly eO/x]sf]
bdg / lje]b, dlxnfdflysf lx+;fx¿
cGTo ug{k' 5{ . of] k[YjLdf ;a} dfgj
hfltsf] ;dfg clwsf/ x'G5 . Ifdtf
km/s–km/s x'g ;Sb5 t/ :jtGqtf /
ljz]iftfnfO{ ;Ddfg ug}{ kb{5 . ljleGg
hg;+3if{ / qmflGtdf hgtfsf] Tofu,
alnbfg / lstL{dfgLåf/f :yflkt
k|ultzLn ;+:s[ltx?, g]kfnL df}lns
;Eotfsf k|ultzLn ;+:s[ltx?nfO{ ;+/If0f
/ ;Da4{g ug{k' 5{ . Pstf, ;b\efj,
;lxi0f'tf, d]nldnfk / ?kfGt/0fdf
cfwfl/t ;fdflhs dfGotfnfO{ k|j4{g
ug{k' 5{ .
cf7f},+ PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLsf] ax'wj' | Lo
ljZjsf ljz]iftfdf k|lts"ntfx? af]r gofF
k|r/' cg'sn" tfx? b]vfk/]sf 5g\ . lglZrt
?kdf tL cg'sn" tfnfO{ /fli6«o :jfwLgtf,
kl/jt{g / qmflGtsf] lxtdf k|of]u ug{
;Sg'kb{5 . b]zleq k'/fgf] /fHo;Qf
nuftf/ sdhf]/ aGb} uPsf] 5 . lg/fzf
/ k|Zgx¿ 5g\ t/ hgtfn] w]/} s'/f
a'lem;s]sf 5g\ . y'k} | ljz]iftfx?n] /fli6«o
?kd} gofF ;Defjgfx? b]vfk/]sf] 5 .
gjf},+ dxfg kl/jt{gnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{
cfTdut kIf cToGt ;'b9[ / kl/kSs
aGb} uPsf] 5 . b]zeQm /fi6«jfbL Pj+
cbDo ;fx; ePsf] b"/bzL{ g]tfsf]
cfjZos kb{5 . dxfg cfbz{ / pRr
u'0fx?o'Qm g]tT[ jn] dfq o'lug cleef/nfO{
k'/f ug{ ;S5 . l;+uf] b]znfO{ Pstfa4
u/]/ kl/jt{gsf] dfu{df 8f]¥ofpg ;S5 .
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lx;fan] kl/kSs g]tf kfPsf] 5 . Tofu,
tk:of, alnbfg, ;+sNk, ;dk{0f / leid
k|lt1f u/]sf] g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ 5 .
qmflGtsf/Lx¿sf] klª\Qm tof/ 5 . cfd
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/ ;xof]u /x]sf] 5 .
pk/f]Qm ;a} ;Defjgf / ljz]iftfx?
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xf] . of] ;a} hgtfsf] kl/jt{g /
;dfhjfbsf] rfxgf xf] . hg;+3if{sf
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hgo'4, PsLs[t hgqmflGt cyjf
lgjf{rgdf ;d]t kl/jt{g / ;dfhjfb
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e|ddf kfg{ ePklg g]kfnsf ;a}
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sfo{qmd agfPsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ .
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5g\ eg] sltkon] ljleGg km'sf{ yk]/
;dfhjfb k|rf/ u/]sf 5g\ . t/
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F LjfbL
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r'gfj;Dd $$ jif{ laTof] hgtfdf /x]sf]
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ca of] tl/sf / k4ltn] b]z rNb}g /
aGb}g . b]zn] ljsNksf] dflu/x]sf] 5 .
;+s6sf] ;dfwfg lglj{sNk j}1flgs
;dfhjfb xf] . o;nfO{ s;/L :yfkgf
ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] k|Zg zLif{ :yfgdf 5 .
casf] af6f]
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?kfGt/0f abNg] b'Oj{ 6f dfu{ 5g\ . Pp6f
hgtfsf] ;z:q ljb|fx] bf];f| ] zflGtk"0f{
hgdtsf] k|of]u . of] s'/f ;xL :ki6 5
ls ;+;f/e/ s'g} klg o'uaf6 csf]{ o'udf
k|jz] ubf{ cyjf s'g} b]zdf k|of]u
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k'h
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xf] . k'h
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kl/jt{g / cu|ufdL zlQmx¿sf] ljzfn
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/ To;sf] ;+3if{ / bafan] ;Dej agfpg]
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sDo'lgi6 zlQm, k|ultzLn nf]stGqjfbL,
b]zeQm /fi6«jfbL / k|ultzLn a'l4hLljx?
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5 . cfˆgf] nIo g5f]8Lsg cg';Gwfgaf6
gofF s'/f hGdfpg] xf], kl/0ffdsf] lglDt
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;a} cu|udgsf kIfw/n] Ps k|ltzt
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af6f] /f]lsof] eg], hgdtåf/f /fHosf]
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hgcfGbf]ng, ank|of]u jf hgljb|fx] sf]
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5}g . PsLs[t hgqmflGt zflGtk"0f{
hgdtsf] p2]ZonfO{ k"/f ug{ nfu" x'G5 .
of] ;+s6n] lgsf; vf]lh/x]sf] 5 . ;+s6sf]
cu|ufdL lgsf; j}1flgs ;dfhjfb xf] .
ca kl/jt{gsf] k|jfxnfO{ s;}nk] lg /f]s/]
/f]lsg] 5}g .
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sf/0f bL3{sfnLg ljZjJofkL dGbLdf
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agfpg rfxG5g\ / ;fy} cfˆgf
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clGtd yf]kf;Dd r':g rfxG5g\,
kl/0ffd cufl8 5, ef/tdf g} x]/f}F .
gofF cfly{s gLltx?nfO{ :jLsf/]sf]
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ls ef/tsf] Oltxf;df Pp6f gofF
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s/f]8eGbf klg s]xL w]/} dflg;x?sf]
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pBf]ux? aGb x'Fb} uO/x]sf 5g\ .
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hf/L 5 . ax'/fli6«o sDkgLx? / b]zL
3/fgfx?sf] gofF pBf]ux?n] a]sf/
ePsf] >dzlQmsf] cToGt ;fgf]
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a] / f] h uf/x?sf] ;+ V of cfh @)
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l;naGbL ul/lbPsf] 5 . x:tsnf /
cg]s ;fgf pBf]ux?sf] tjfxLn] nfvf}F
kl/jf/x?nfO{ aaf{bLsf] vf8ndf
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tLj| lj:tf/n] ;fgf tyf demf}nf
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x' F b } g . ltgLx?nfO{ ltgsf]
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ul/lbPsf] 5 . :jtGqtfkZrftsf
rf/ bzsx?df wgL / ul/asf
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To;af6 b'O{ u'0ff Tof] s]jn ljut
cf7 jif{df x'g uPsf] 5 . :jb]zL
k'FhLkltx? / ljb]zL sDkgLx?n]
jf:tljs cy{Joj:yf -cyf{t\ s[lif
of pBf]u_ sf] abnfdf k'FhLsf] 7"nf]
lx:;f ljQLo cy{Joj:yf -cyf{t\ a}s + ,
ladf, d'bf| ahf/, z]o/ ahf/, ljQLo
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sDkgLx?n] clwsf+ z ef/tLo
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ltgnfO{ xTofpg] sfd g} u/]sf 5g\ .
z]o/ ahf/x?sf] ;§]afhLn] k"0f{?kdf
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pTkfbg;Fu s'g} gftf 5}g . /,
jf:tljs pTkfbgdf klg h'g k'h F L
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5 < ef/t h'g ljZjsf ;aeGbf
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kfFr jif{leq, l;onf], xf]08f, cf]kn
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tdfd gofF–gofF a|f08x?sf ;fy
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ljb]zL a|f08sf h'Qfx? ahf/df
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b]zdf ljBdfg 5g\ / ljZje/sf
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5 . oBlk To:tf JolQmx? xfd|f] b]zsf]
s'n hg;+Vofsf] dfq @) k|ltzt
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cj:yf s:tf] 5 < xfQL l;of]df k|jz ]
ug{ ;Snf t/ xfd|f] b]zsf *) k|ltzt
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k|ltJolQm vfBfGgsf] pknAwtf !((!
df %!) u|fd k|ltlbg lyof], h'g !((%
df 36]/ $&$ u|fd k|ltlbg x'g uof] .
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klg ut cf7 jif{sf] cjlwdf rf/
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ljZjljBfnox?sf ljleGg
kf7\ o qmdx?sf] lghLs/0f,
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cfdeGbf klg clws dfl;s z'Ns
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jif{x?sf] k|ultsf] ljj/0f xf] .
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cy{zf:qLx? / k'FhLjfbL r'gfjL
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5 . tL ;a} n ] dfGb5g\ ls
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jf crfgs kl/Tofu ug'{ x'bF g} cflb–
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hL–& ;d]t cfly{s ;xsfo{ tyf
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g} lbg] ul/G5 .
k'h
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;+:yf xf] .
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;+u7gsf] rf}yf] k|f]6f]sncGtu{t
b"/;~rf/ pBf]uaf6 ;+/If0fjfbL
pkfo cGTo ul/Psf] 5 dlxgfleq
ljZjsf !) k| l tzteGbf w] / }
sDkgLx? laqmL eP . o; ;dodf
cwf/e"t b"/;~rf/ ;]jfx?sf] Jofkf/
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sDkgLx?sf] sAhfdf 5 . To;}sf]
bafadf ef/t ;/sf/ b"/;~rf/
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;fy a9fO/x]sf] 5 .
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arfpgsf lglDt kof{ j /0fsf
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kof{j/0fLo ;+/If0ffTds pkfox?¨nfO{
cGTo ug{sf lglDt 8An'=l6=cf]= nfO{
k|of]u ub{5g\ . pbfx/0fsf lglDt
cd]l/sg On]S6«fl] gS; P;f]l;P;g -
h;sf] k|dv ' ;b:ox?df dfOqmf];ˆ6
;lDdlnt 5_ n] cd]l/sL Jofkf/
k|ltlglwsf] sfof{noaf6 To; o'/f]kLo
k|:tfjsf] s8f lj/f]w ug{ eg]sf] 5,
h;df sDKo'6/x? tyf On]S6«f]lgs
pks/0fx?df k|o'Qm gf]S;fgbfoL
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eg]sf] 5 . pgLx?sf] bfjf 5 ls of]
k|:tfjn] 8An'=l6=cf]=sf lgodx?nfO{
pNn+3g ub{5 . o;} k|sf/ /;fog,
Knfli6s, On]S6«f]lgS; tyf vfB
lgdf{0f tyf k|zf]wg pBf]u cd]l/sL
k|ltlglwd08nsf dfWodaf6 …o;sf]
n]alnªÚ nfO{ k|ltaGw ug{sf lglDt
8An=l6=cf]= dfly bafa lbO/x]sf] 5 .
olb cd]l/sfn] 8An'=l6=cf]= dfly cfˆgf
zt{x? nfu" u/fpg] ;kmntf k|fKt u¥of]
eg] t b}Tofsf/ aLdf sDkgLx?sf] lglDt
ljZjsf :jf:Yo ;]jfx?nfO{ sAhf ug]{
af6f] v'Ng hfg]5 .
ahf/ sAhfsf lglDt oL ;Dk"0f{
tf]8d/f]8 7"nf sDkgLx?n] 8An'l6cf]df
…:jtGq Jofkf/Ú sf] gfddf ub{5g\ .
of] ToxL …:jtGq ahf/Ú xf], h;sf]
gfddf pklgj]zjfbL zlQmx?n] ef/t,
clk|msf, rLg / oxfF;Dd ls o'/f]ksf
s]xL efux?df dflg;x?nfO{ cfˆgf]
;:tf] nfutdf ag]sf dfnx? vl/b
ug{ afWo u/fP . ls;fgx? /
lzNksf/x?sf] ;a} ;+:s[ltx?nfO{
tx;gx; ul/lbP .
h:tf] ls dfS;{n] eGg'ePsf] lyof]
…d'Qm Jofkf/ ;b}j aa{/ zf]if0f;Fu
hf]l8Fb} cfPsf] 5 .Ú oBlk tdfd
bfjfx? eP klg cfh Psflwsf/L
k'FhLjfbsf] bf}/fgdf :jtGq Jofkf/
h:tf] s' g } rLh 5F b } 5 } g .
5
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b] z x? cf–cfˆgf ax' / fli6« o
sDkgLx?sf lglDt x/;Dej ahf/sf
9f]sfx? v'nfpg / cfˆgf] lglDt
s;};uF klg gf]S;fgbfoL k|lt:kwf{nfO{
cGTo ug{ s f lglDt emu8f
ul//xG5g\ . cd]l/sf, o'/f]k / hfkfg
s]jn ltg} If]qx?df …:jtGq Jofkf/Ú
nfesf] cj:yfdf x' G 5g\ . cGo
:yfgx?df cfˆgf] Psflwsf/ sfod
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nl8/xG5g\ .
ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gn] cd]l/sfsf
;fy o'/f]ksf] emu8fdf o'/f]ksf lj?4
km};nf lbof] . o'/f]kLo b]zx?n]
To;nfO{ dfGg c:jLsf/ ul/lbP .
cd]l/sfn] /fli6«o ;'/Iffsf] xf}jf v8f
ul//x] s f] 5 tf ls hfkfgnfO{
cd]l/sL dr]{G6 g]ljsf hxfh a]Rg
/f]Sg ;lsof];\ . lSnG6g k|zf;gn]
cd]l/sfsf] :kft a]Rg] sf/0f a|flhn,
hfkfg / ?;sf lj?4 d'2f bfo/ u/]sf]
5 k/Gt' csf]t{ km{ To;n] ef/t;Fu
To:tf] dfu ub}{ d'2f bfo/ ul/lbPsf]
5 ls ef/tn] cfˆgf] b]zdf nfu" /x]sf
ar]vr ' s] f k|ltaGwx? / sf]6fx?nfO{
cGTo u/f];\ .
ljZjJofkf/ ;+ u 7gleq
c;dfgtfx? al9/x]sf 5g\ . ;ft 7"nf
cd]l/sf, la|6g] , k|mfG;, hd{gL, hfkfg,
O6nL / Sofg8fsf ;sn /fli6«o
pTkfbs !((& df @)) va{ 8n/
lyof] cyf{t\ ljZjsf] ^$ k|ltzt
pTkfbg tL b]zx?df eO/x]sf] lyof],
h;sf] hg;+Vof ljZjsf] s]jn !!=*
k|ltzt dfq 5 .
ljZjsf ;a}eGbf 7"nf %)) j6f
sDkgLx?dWo] s]jn 5j6f o:tf 5g\,
h'g cd]l/sf, o'/f]k, Sofg8f of
hfkfgeGbf aflx/sf 5g\ . ljZjsf
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sf] tYofÍcg' ; f/ ;fd| f HojfbL
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ljsf;zLn b]zx?dfly ;fd|fHojfbL
a}s
+ x? / ;/sf/x?sf] s'n @@ va{
8n/sf] C0f nflbPsf] lyof] .
ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf] lg0f{o
k|lqmofdf klg t];f| ] ljZjsf b]z sxLF
cfpFbg} g\ . ;+u7gsf jf:tljs zf;s
7"nf b]z aGb sf]7fdf n]gb]g u/]/
h' g k| : tfj tof/ ub{ 5 g\ ,
cfdkl/ifb\df To;dfly 7Kkf nufpg]
sfd dfq} x'g] ub{5 . cfdkl/ifb\df
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k5fl8af6 x'g] hf]/hah{:tLaf6 lng]
ul/G5 . ha cd]l/sL of o'/f]lkog
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kfpF b } g g\ ta pgLx?n] cfˆgf
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nfu]/ pgLx?nfO{ cfˆgf] c8fg
abNgsf lglDt afWo kfb{5g\ .
ljjfbx?sf] ;dfwfgsf] k|lqmof
tLgj6f b]zx?sf] Kofgnåf/f ;~rfng
-af“sL ^ k]hdf_
 6 @)*) ;fn h]7 & ut] cfOtaf/

>lds ;d'bfo df]rf{ g]kfn

g]skf klZrd bfªsf hj;÷df]rf{x?sf] ;+oQ' m e]nf ;DkGg
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
klZrd bfªsf hj;÷df]rf{x?sf] ;+oQ' m
e]nf ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . hgjuL{o
;+u7g ÷ df]rf{x?sf] ;+oQ' m e]nfn] clvn
g]kfn ls;fg dxf;+3 qmflGtsf/L
klZrd bfªsf] cWoIf lvdaxfb'/ ;LnfO{
lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 . h;sf] pkfWoIfdf
6]s axfb'/ -e'jg_ ;L, ;lrjdf
afns[i0f ;L, ;x–;lrjdf wgf ;L /
sf]iffWoIfdf uf]laGb ;L lgjf{lrt ePsf
5g\ . ;b:ox?df 8Da/ ;L, v]dnfn
;L, v'znfn ;L, d}gf ;L, /fd axfb'/
;L, s]z/ ;L, 6]s axfb'/ ;L / z+s/
;L;lxt !# ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldtL
lgjf{lrt ul/Psf] xf] .
o:t} e]nfn] led k|sfz -;+sNk_
;Lsf] cWoIftfdf ( ;b:oLo clvn
g]kfn qmflGtsf/L 6«8] o'lgog dxf;+3
klZrd bfª lhNnf ;Dd]ng cfof]hs
;ldtL lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 . h;sf]
;b:ox?df ;'Gb/ ;L, cf]k]Gb| ;L,
uh{g ;L, k|d ] ;L, tf/f ;L, ljkg
;L, e'd axfb'/ ;L /x]sf 5g\ .
o:t} ;+o'Qm hj;÷df]rf{x?sf]
e]nfn] lbnaxfb'/ ;LnfO{ cWoIf
lgjf{lrt ub}{ !# ;b:oLo >lds
;d'bfo df]rf{ g]kfn klZrd bfª
lhNnf ;ldtL lgjf{lrt u/]sf] xf] .
h;sf] pkfWoIfdf 8Da/ ;L, ;lrjdf
lai0f' ;L, ;x;lrjdf b]a/fh ;L,
sf]iffWoIfdf cf]d k|sfz ;L /x]sf
5g\ . ;b:ox?df bn axfb'/ ;L,
dfgl;+x ;L, clt/fd ;L, zf]ef/fd
;L, lnnf ;L, gdaxfb' / ;L,
ledaxfb'/ ;L lgjf{lrt ePsf x'g\ .
o:t} e]nfdf >lds ;d'bfo df]rf{
g]kfn aaO{ ufpFkflnsf ;ldlt 3f]if0ff
ul/Psf] 5 . bnaxfb'/ ;Lsf] cWoIftfdf
!) ;b:oLo ufpFkflnsf ;ldtL
lgjf{lrt ul/Psf] g]skfn] hgfPsf] 5 .
h;sf] pkfWoIfdf k|]daxfb'/ ;L,
;lrjdf lnnf ;L, sf]iffWoIfdf led ;L
/ ;b:ox?df 6f]kaxfb'/ ;L, g]qnfn
;L, xl/s'df/L ;L, df]lt ;L, e'knfn ;L
/ cf]djL/ l;+x /x]sf 5g\ .
g]skfsf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o lztn
;Lsf] k|dv
' cfltYodf ;DkGg e]nfdf
g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf klZrd
bfªsf OGrfh{ k|lbk ;L, g]skfsf
s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw ;ldltsf ;b:o tyf
klZrd bfªsf ;lrj lgd{n ;L,
g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw ;ldltsf
;b:o tyf /fKtL Ao'/f] sfof{no ;lrj
ljsfz ;L, clvn g]kfn qmflGtsf/L
6«8] o'lgog dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf
l8NnL ;L, clvn g]kfn ls;fg dxf;+3
qmflGtsf/L /fKtL Ao'/f] OGrfh{ laho
;L, clvn g]kfn u0ftflGqs v]ns'b
dxf;+3 n'lDagL k|bz ] OGrfh{ ?b| ;L,
g]skf t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ sldl6sf
OGrfh{ e' j g ;L, g] s kf aaO{
ufpFkflnsf OGrfh{ pHjn ;L, g]skf
zflGtgu/ ufpFkflnsf OGrfh{ ;'wf/
;L, cg]d;+3 qmflGtsf/Lsf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o /]vf ;L, o'jf ;+u7g g]kfn /fKtL
Ao'/f] OGrfh{ lhjgL ;L, o'jf ;+u7g
g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;'bz{g ;L,
hgkqsf/ ;+u7g g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o x]dGt k|sfz cf]nL, g]skf
klZrd bfªsf ;lrjfno ;b:o e/t
;L, g]skf klZrd bfª lhNnf ;b:o
v8\s ;L, g]skf klZrd bfª lhNnf
;b:o c?0ff ;L, o'jf ;+u7g g]kfn
klZrd bfª lhNnf cWoIf cfsfz
;L, g]skf klZrd bfªsf ;Nnfxsf/
z'/;] ;L, du/ d'QmL df]rf{ g]kfnsf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o led ;L, yf? d'QmL df]rf{
g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o r'nj' f ;L,
clvn g]kfn qmflGtsf/L 6«8] o'lgog
dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lbg]z ;Lsf]
cfltYo /x]sf] lyof] .
sfo{ q mddf g] s kfsf s] G b| L o
;b:o tyf klZrd bfªsf OGrfh{
k|lbk ;L, g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw
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sfof{no ;lrj ljsfz ;L, clvn
g] k fn qmflGtsf/L 6« ] 8 o' l gog
dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf l8NnL ;L,
clvn g] k fn ls;fg dxf;+ 3
qmflGtsf/L /fKtL Ao'/f] OGrfh{ laho
;L, g]skf t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/
sldl6sf OGrfh{ e'jg ;L, g]skf
aaO{ ufpFkflnsf OGrfh{ pHjn ;L,
g] s kf zflGtgu/ ufpF k flnsf
OGrfh{ ;' w f/ ;L, cg] d ;+ 3
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;L, o'jf ;+u7g g]kfn /fKtL Ao'/f]
OGrfh{ lhjgL ;L, o'jf ;+u7g
g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;'bz{g ;L,
hgkqsf/ ;+u7g g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o x]dGt k|sfz cf]nL, du/
d'lQm df]rf{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
led ;L, yf? d'QmL df]rf{ g]kfnsf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o r'nj' f ;L, clvn
g]kfn qmflGtsf/L 6«]8 o'lgog
dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lbg]z ;L,
clvn g]kfn u0ftflGqs v]ns'b
dxf;+3 n'lDagL k|b]z OGrfh{ ?b|
;Lnufotn] e] n f ;kmntfsf]
z'esfdgf JoQm u/]sf lyP .
g] s kfsf s] G b| L o k| l tlglw
;ldltsf ;b:o tyf klZrd bfªsf
;lrj lgd{n ;Ln] ;+oQ ' m e]nfdf
Kofgn k|:t't u/]sf lyP . clvn
g]kfn ls;fg dxf;+3 qmflGtsf/L
klZrd bfªsf] cWoIf lvdaxfb'/
;Lsf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 ;'? ePsf]
sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf du/ d'lQm df]rf{
g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o l;a]Gb| ;Ln]
u/]sf lyP eg] sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng
>lds ;d'bfo df]rf{ g]kfn klZrd
bfªsf cWoIf lbnaxfb'/ ;Ln] u/]sf
lyP hgjuL{o ;+u7g ÷ df]rf{x?sf]
k|yd e]nf cfof]hs ;ldtLsf]
cfof]hgfdf cfof]lht e]nfdf ;fdgf
kl/jf/ls ljkgf ;Ln] ljleGg
hgjfbL g[Tox? k|:t't u/]sL lyOg .
– x]dGt k|sfz cf]nL
aemfªsf] cWoIfdf hLjg ;L
sf7df8f}F . >lds ;d'bfo df]rf{ g]kfn aemfªsf] k|yd ;Dd]ngn] hLjg
;Lsf] cWoIftfdf !( ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . h;sf] pkfWoIfdf
bnaL/ ;L, xl/tf ;L, ;lrjdf ljgf]b ;L, ;x;lrjdf sfn] ;L, sf]iffWoIfdf
ljdn ;L nufot !( ;b:oLo ;ldlt lgjf{lrt ePsf] >lds df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o nf]s]Gb| ;Ln] atfP .
;Dd]ngsf k|d'v cltlysf tyf aemfªsf OGrfh{ e/t ;Ln] cfd >lds
;d'bfosf] juL{o d'lQmsf] nflu ;a}n] qmflGtsf] af6f]df cfj4 x'g'kg]{ atfP .
clxn]s} bnfn ;+;bLo Joj:yfdf s'g} klg ju{n] ;dfgtfsf] cg'e"lt ug{
gkfpg] OGrfh{ e/tn] eg] . ;Daf]wgsf qmddf pgn] eg], æ;a} >lds
;d'bfon] j}1flgs ;dfhjfb :yfkgf eP dfq jf:tljs ;dfgtfsf] cfef;
ug{ kfpg] 5g\ To;}n] ;dfhjfb :yfkgf ug{ ;a}n] qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngdf
cfj4 x'g'kg]{ cfa:ostf 5 .Æ
hLjg ;Lsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg e]nfdf k|dv ' clylt g]skf aemfªsf OGrfh{
e/t ;L, clyltdf aemfª lhNnfsf ;lrj ltns ;L, >lds ;d'bfo df]rf{ g]kfnsf
s]lGb|o ;b:o nf]sG] b| ;Lnufot g]tfx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .
ljZj==== ;dfhjfb====
ul/G5, h;nfO{ cfˆgf] kIfdf kfg{sf c;kmntfnfO{ ;kmntfdf jbNg'k5{ .
lglDt 7"nf k'hF LjfbL b]zsf ;/sf/x? cGtdf d s] eGg rfxG5' eg] ljBfyL{
hd]/ nljª ub{5g\ . clknsf] k|lqmof ;fyLx? cfh g]kfnnfO{ h:tf] cK7\of/f]
cToGt nfdf] / vlr{nf] x'G5, h;sf] k/]sf] 5 o;sf] ;dfwfg klg o'jf
ef/ p7fpg ;Sg' ;fgf b]zx?sf lglDt ljBfyL{x?n] vf]Hg cfjZos 5 . h'g
sl7g x'g] ub{5 . csf]{tkm{ 7"nf cfh e|i6frf/sf] s'/f ug'x{ f];\ ls,
d'lvofx?n] ax'/fli6«o sDkgLx?sf] knfogsf] s'/f ug{x' f];,\ ljrngsf] s'/f
d2taf6 jlsnx?, cg';Gwfgstf{x? ug{x' f];,\ of /fli6«o :jfwLgtf dflysf]
/ ljz]if1x?sf] k"/f kmf}h v8f ug{ x:tIf]ksf] s'/f ug{x' f];,\ of] lgs} cK7\of/f]
;Sb5g\ . ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gdf lg0f{o cj:yf xf] . o;sf] Pp6} ;dfwfgsf] s'/f
lng] tyf ljjfbx? ;dfwfg ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ 5 ;f/f gf} hjfg ljBfyLx?af6 csf]{

blnt;Da4 5 ;+u7gåf/f ;/sf/ ;dIf $ a'b“ ] dfu k]z

sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l g:6
kf6L{lgs6 >lds ;d'bfo df]rf{
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u/fpFb} tL ;d:ofsf] tTsfn ;dfwfg
ug{ dfu u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfn blnt
d'lQm df]rf{– ;lrjfno ;b:o /fd
g]kfnL, >lds ;d'bfo df]rf{ g]kfn
cWoIf /fdnfn ;L, hft Joj:yf
pGd"ng df]rf{ g]kfn ;+of]hs /fhs'df/
lxªdfª, /fli6«o blnt d'lQm df]rf{
g]kfn ;+of]hs bz{g s'df/ g]kfnL,
g]kfn /fli6«o blnt s]Gb| cWoIf pk]Gb|
56'Gh]n / ;+l3o blnt d'lQm k|flGto
d~r cWoIf zld{nf afurGbn] ;+oQ' m
la1KtL hf/L ub}{ ;f] dfu u/]sf x'g\ .
pgLx?åf/f hf/L ;+o'Qm k|];
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gfdfs/0flj?4sf] klxrfg kIfw/x?sf]
dfusf] ;Daf]wg ul/g'kg]{, g]kfnL
gful/snfO{ e'6fgL agfP/ dfgj
t:s/L ug]{ pk/ hg3ft / /fi6«3ft
7x/ ub}{ sf/afxL ul/g' kg],{ ld6/Jofh
kLl8tx?sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ /fHo
uDeL/ / hjfkmb]xL x'gk' g]{ / s}nfnL
uf]bfj/L–# dfnfv]tL dflnsf6f]ndf
aiff}b{ l] v a;f]af; ul//x]sf ;'sD' af;L
/ blnt dfly ul/Psf] cdfgjLo
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oyf]lrt j;f]af;sf] Aoj:yf ul/g'kg]{
dfu ul/Psf] 5 .
o; ljifodf >lds ;d'bfo df]rf{
g]kfn;lxt ^ j6f ;+3–;+u7gn] hf/L
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>lds–blnt–hft Joj:yf pGd"ng
df]rf{–d~rx? b]xfo adf]lhdsf
ljifox?sf ;Gbe{df ;+oQ' m k|; ] jQmJo
hf/L ub{5f}–+
!= lj=;= @)&( kmfNu'g !&
ut] ! g+= k|bz ] ;efn] k|bz]sf] gfd
æsf]zLÆ /fVg] lg0f{o u/] kZrft
klxrfg kIfw/ bn, ;+ 3 ;:yf,
cflbjf;L–hghflt ;d' b fo /
gful/sx?n] To; sbdsf] lj?4df
lg/Gt/ cfGbf]ng ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ .
xfdL lgDgfg';f/sf ;+3Lotf kIfw/
df]rf{x? ;f] cfGbf]ng k|lt k"0f{
P]Soj4tf Pj+ ;dy{g hgfpFb5f}+ .
/fHo4f/f cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?dfly ul/b}
cfPsf] lgd{d bdg / xTofsf] lg/+sz ' of] kl/36gf Psfw e|i6frf/Lx?sf]
kmf;LjfbL z}nL tTsfn aGb u/L
cfGbf]ng/t kIfx?;Fu jftf{ / ;xdlt
ub}{ sf]zL gfdfs/0f vf/]h ug{ Pj+
klxrfg / ;fdYo{sf cfwf/df ! g+=
k|bz
] sf] gfdfs/0f ug{ hf]8bf/ dfu
ub{5f}+ . ;fy} cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf 3fOt]
eO{ pkrf/sf] qmddf lgwg ePsf
kbd lnDa' -nfh]xfª_ nfO{ ;lxb 3f]if0ff
ug{, lu/ˆtf/x?sf] ljgf;t{ l/xfO ug{
/ 3fOt]x?sf] lgMz'Ns pkrf/ ug{
/fHo;Fu ljz]if dfu ;d]t ug{ rfxG5f}+ .
@= g]kfnL gful/snfO{ e'6fgL
z/0ffyL{ agfP/ cd]l/sfnufotsf
b]zx?df dfgj t:s/L ug]{ xs{tdf
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj ub]{ cfPsf
bnsf g] t fx?, k" j { p kk| w fgdGqL,
k" j { u [ x dGqL tyf pRr kb:y
sd{ r f/Lx? ;+ n Ug ePsf]
k|df0fx?;lxt k|sfp kg]{ / sf]xL km/f/
x'gk' g]{ 36gfx? lbgk|ltlbg 5tf5'Nn
e}/x]sf 5g\ . of] cfly{s nfesf lglDt
cfˆg} b]zsf] gful/snfO{ e'6fgL
z/0ffyL{ agfP/ dfgj t:s/L ug]{
sfddf ;/sf/ g} ;+nUg ePsf] g]kfnsf]
Oltxf;df cfh;Dds} nHhf:kb
kl/36gf dfq geP/ uDeL/ /fi6«3ft,
hg3ft / b]zb|f]x ;d]t xf] eGg] xfd|f]
7x/ /x]sf] 5 . h'g;'s} tx / cf]xf]bfsf
eP klg tL ck/fwLx?nfO{ s8feGbf
s8f sfjf{xLsf] efuLbf/ agfpg
;/sf/;Fu xfdL hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5f}+ .
cfly{s nfesf] xs{t dfq geP/ bnfn
tyf gf]s/zfxL k'FhLjfbL ;+;bLo
Joj;yf / ;+;bjfbL kf6L{x?sf] s'?k
r]x/fsf] c;nL cleJolQm xf] . o;
k| s f/sf] e| i 6frf/, hg3ft /
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cfh klg 5 / of] Joj:yf sfod
/x];Dd /lx/xg]5 .
#= ld6/Aofh zf]if0f / n3'ljQ
;+:yfx?sf] rsf]{ Aofhsf] df/df k/]sf
vf; u/L >lds–blnt ;d'bfo tyf
tNnf] ju{sf] ls;fg / dhb'/x?n]
cfk" m ;F u ePsf hfoh] y f u' d fP/
;'s'Djf;L aGg' k/]kl5 æld6/Aofh
kLl8tx?sf] cfGbf]ngÆ sf] Jofg/df
b]zsf] ljleGg lhNnfx? / /fhwfgL
sf7df8f} F ; Dd cfP/ r/0fa4
cfGbf] n g ul//x] s f 5g\ .
ld6/Aofh kLl8tx?sf] ;f]
cfGbf]ngk|lt xfdL P]Soj4tf hfx]/
ug{ rfxG5f}+ . ;fy} ;f] cfGbf]ngdf
plqPsf ljz] i f u/L j[ 4 j[ 4 f,
afnaflnsf / dlxnfx?dfly
;/sf/n] b]vfPsf] lgd{d bdgsf]
cdfgjLo /a} o fk| l t lgGbf /
eT;gf{ ub}{ ld6/ Aofh kLl8tx?sf]
hfoh dfux? oyfzL3| ;Daf]wg
ug{ xfdL g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu hf]8bf/
dfu ;d]t ub{5f}+ .
$= s}nfnL lhNnf uf]bfj/L g=kf=
j8f g+= # dfnfv]tL dflnsf 6f]nsf
ljut $)–$% jif{bl] v a;f]jf; ub}{
cfO/x]sf e"ldxLg jfbL, bdfO{, ;fsL{,
n'xf/, lj=s= nufotsf ljkGg tyf
lgd'vf >lds–blnt ;d'bfo dfly
k"jh
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sd{rf/Lx?n] dgf]dfgL an k|of]u
dfkm{t\ a:tL phf8 u/L 3/jf/
ljlxg agfPsf] cGofok"0f{ 36gf k|lt
xfdL 3f]/ eT;gf{ ub{5f}+ . o; k|sf/sf]
lje]bsf/L kmfl;jfbL sbd aGb ug{
/ kLl8tx?sf] ufF;, af; / skfnsf]
oyf]lrt Joj:yf ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/
/ ;DaGwL kIf;Fu dfu ub{5f}+ .Ú
k|lqmof g} :jtGq tyf ;dfg Jofkf/sf]
7Ls ljk/Lt 5 .
g s]jn xfd|f] b]zn] a? ;Dk"0f{
ljZjsf] cj:yfn] atfpF b 5 ls
k'FhLjfbn] ca dfgjLotfsf] lxtdf
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zlQm u'dfO;s]sf] 5 . Oltxf;n] ca,
k'h
F jfbL pTkfbg k|0ffnL, k'h F LjfbL
zf;g k|0ffnL / ;fdflhs k|0ffnLnfO{
g} gi6 u/]/ ltgsf o:tf ljsNkx?sf]
lgdf{ 0 fsf] dfu ul//x] s f] 5,
h;cGtu{ t – -!_ pTkfbgsf
;fwgx?dfly pTkfbg ug]{x?sf]
:jfldTj xf];,\ -@_ pTkfbg d'gfkmfsf
lglDt geP/ ;fdflhs pkof]lutfsf]
b[li6af6 xf];\ / ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf
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k|0ffnL ;fdflhss[t xf]cf];,\ -$_ k'h F L
/ ;DklQsf] ljz]ifflwsf/ k"0f{tM
;dfKt xf]cf];\ tyf /fHoJoj:yf ;fFrf]
hgtGqdf cfwfl/t xf];,\ -%_ /f]huf/,
lzIff / :jf:Yo cflbdf /fHosf]
bfloTj xf];\ .
o; qmflGtsf/L ljsNksf] lgdf{0f
ta / s]jn ta dfq x'g ;Sb5,
ha ;fd| f HojfbL e" d 08nLs[ t
Joj:yfaf6 k"0f{?kdf ;DaGw ljR5]b
ul/g]5 / b]zleq k'h F jfbL pTkfbg
k| 0 ffnL / To;dfly l6s] s f]
/fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts
dxnnfO{ ank"j{s Wj:t ul/g]5 .
oL b'j} cfh Ps} ;fy g} x'g ;Sb5g\
lsgeg] b] z L k' F h Ljfb cfh
;fd|fHojfbsf] e"d08nLo Joj:yf;Fu
klxn]sf] ck]Iff w]/} PsLs[t 5 /
;fd|fHojfbn] cfˆgf Joj;fo, ueg{/
Pp6f u+ufnfnsf] cfjZos 5 . xfdLnfO{
km]l/ lrlgofFdfgsfhLsf] cfjZos 5 .
km]l/ b]zsf] nflu clGtd;Dd n8\g] a]gf]h
clwsf/L / k"0f{ kf}8n] sf] cfjZos k/]sf]
5 . olQ eGbf xfdL dfq aGg] tkfO{+
gaGg] of] klg cfpg ;S5 cjZo xfdL
aGg] Û xfdLn] eg]sf 5f} tkfO{x+ ? cfpg'xf];
b]znfO{ sfFw yfKg] lhDdf tkfO{s + f] xf] .
b]znfO{ lg/f;f lt/ hfg lbg' x'bF g} .
xfdLn] x}/fgLsf] dfq s'/f ug{' x'bF g} . ;'Gb/
eljiosf] s'/f ug{' k5{ . xfdLn]
j}1flgsx? of] b]zdf hGdfpg' k5{ .
xfdLn] pBf]u oxL vf]Ng ;S5f} . of]
;Dej ePsf] s'/f xf] . s'g rflxF ljZjsf]
b]z 5, hxfF cfsfzaf6 pBf]u
hlGdPsf] < s'g rflxF b]z 5 hxfF o'4 /
qmflGt gu/L kl/jt{g kfPsf] <
cd]l/sLx?n] clxn] ljZjnfO{ 8]df]qm];Lsf]
kf7 l;sfpF5g\ ToxL kfFr nfv
cd]l/sLx?n] /ut aufPkl5 dfq
la|6g] sf] rªu'naf6 d'Qm ePsf x'g .
xfdLn] s] eg]sf 5f}F eg] hgtf tkfO{+
o'jf ;fyLx?n] s] a'em\ g' k5{ eg] b]zsf]
lhDdf lng tof/ x'gk' 5{ / cfufl8
j9\gk' 5{ . g]kfnsf] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdf
h]7 ! ut]sf] ;Gb]z oxL xf] . oxL s'/f
tkfO{+ xfdLn] dgg\ u/f}+ . tkfO{n+ ] eGg'
xf];\ xfdL klg ledbQ kGt aGg tof/
5f}F . s'g} lbg Oltxf;n] dfu u/]5 eg]
xfdL klg sd/]8 jf;' aGg tof/, xfdL
xf]gxf/ sdf08/ sd/]8 ;'lgnb]lv s'df/
kf}8n] ;Dd jGg tof/ 5f}F . s'g} klg of]4f
hgtfnfO{ d'6d' f /fv]/, b]znfO{ d'6d' f
/fv]/ cfˆgf] hLjg ;xh} Tofu ug{ tof/
x'g' eof] xfdL Tof] aGg tof/ 5f} . xfdL
clvn Ps x'gk' 5{ . sDo'lgi6x? Ps
x'gk' 5{ . dfcf]jfbLx? Ps x'g' ' k5{ . b]zsf

t]nsf] yf]kfyf]kf hf]ufcf}+

hg/n / cf}klgj]lzs kmf}hdfkm{t\
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s;}n] x/fpg ;Sb}g . xfdL ;dfhjfb;Dd
hfg ;S5f} . xfdL g]kfnnfO{ ?kfGt/0f
ug{ ;S5f} . xfdL Pstfj4 eP/ PSsfO;f}+
ztfAbLsf] :jfwLg g]kfn agfpF5f} . of]

OGwg vr{ 36fcf}+ gofF qmflGtsf] 9f]sfdf plePsf] 5 .

;fd|fHojfb k'h F Ljfblj/f]wL qmflGtsf]
9f]sfdf, gofF ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf]
9f]sfdf . oxL gofF qmflGtn] g} ef/tLo
hgtfsf] 3fF 6 L sl:;Psf]
g]kfn cfon lgud lnld6]8 gjpklgj]zjfbsf] kmnfd] l;s~hfnfO{
tf]8/] ltgnfO{ d'lQm / k|ultsf] af6f]df
kmf]g g+=+ $@^@(&), km\ofS; M $@^#$&!
cu|;/ u/fpg ;Sb5 .
cg'jfb M e]if/fh ;L
;Gb]z lnP/ tkfO{x+ ? hfg'xf];\ eGg] s'/f
ub}{ tkfO{x+ ? ;Fu;Fu} ;xsfo{ ub}{ hfg]
k|ltj4tf JoQm ub}{ ljbf x'G5 .
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ljKnj ;Ln] %( cf}+ ljBfyL{ lbj;sf]
cj;/df @)*) h]7 ! ut] sf7df8f}s F f]
/fli6«o gfr3/df ;+oQ' m ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn]
cfof]hgf u/]sf] sfo{qmddf u/]sf]
;Djf]wgsf] ;+DkfbLt c+z ._
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ab\lnPsf] df};d / lrlrª\u'6]x?
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r/f x'G5 . Tof] ;–;fgf] jufndf lxF85\ .
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elgG5 . em08} z/L/ / 6fpsf] pq}–
pq} x'G5 . To;n] df};dcg';f/ efsf
km]5{ / /+u klg abN5 . ;fdfGo
cj:yfdf ayfgdf lxF8b\ f Pp6f efiff
af]N5 . Pp6f df};ddf hj aufnaf6
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pkrf/ ug]{ tkm{ nfuf}+ . of] g} xfdL ;a}sf]
lxtdf 5 . clxn]sf] ab\lnPsf] df};d uPsf]
r'gfjL rqmjftsf sf/0f pTkGg ;fdfGo
df};dL abnfj dfq xf] . qmflGtsf] ;'gfdL
cfpg' k5{ ;fFRr}sf] e|i6frf/sf] cGt
ug{nfO{ . o;sf] nflu afx\o / cfGtl/s
:jfwLgtfsf] ;d:of xn ug]{ tkm{ ;a}n]
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;d:of xf] hf] afx\o ;fd|fHojfbL x:tIf]kaf6
k}bf ePsf] ;d:of xf] / bf];f| ] cfGtl/s
:jfwLgtfsf] ;d:of xf] hf] b]zsf] bnfn
k'h
F LjfbL /fHo Joj:yfsf sf/0f pTkGg ;d:of
xf] . of] Joj:yfksLo ;d:of xf] / k|0ffnL (System) sf] ;d:of xf] . o;}sf] sf/0fn]
e|i6frf/ df}nfPsf] xf] . ljb]zL ;fd|fHojfbL k'h
clxn]sf] e|i6frf/ lj/f]wL xNnfvNnL cfGtl/s / afx\o b'a;} uF ufFl;Psf] 5 . afx\o u'?of]hgf
/ leqL sfof{Gjog;Fu of] 36gf hf]l8Psf] 5 . h]xf];, h'g;'s} ?kdf eP klg ;/sf/n] olt ug]{
cfF6 ug{' / sbd rfNg'nfO{ ;sf/fTds g} 7fGg' k5{ . p7fPsf] sbdnfO{ kf/ nufpg klg cfF6
ug{' k5{ < o;nfO{ aLrdf km]l/ ;Qf / s';L{sf] afu]l{ gª / ;+emf}tfdf 6'ufOg' x'bF g} .
cnlUuP/ PSn} lxF8g\ ] a]nf cs}{ efiff
af]N5 . l/;fPsf] a]nf Pp6f / 8/fPsf]
a]nf csf],{ cfˆgf ar]/fx?nfO{ r/fpg]
/ af]nfpg] a]nf cs}{ af]N5 . o;/L
a;Gt Ct'df Pp6f / z/b / lzzL/
Ct'df csf]{ af]N5 . Tof] lkm:6] r/faf6
xfd|f] ufpFdf ljleGg pvfg / Jo+Uox?
ag]sf] 5g\ . efiff km]b{} lxF8g\ ] dfG5]nfO{
ælrlrª'6Æ] eGg] u5{g\ . wfs hdfpg]
jf gx'g] s'/f ug]n{ fO{ ælrlrªu'6] df/L
afx| wfgL{ af];f]Æ egL Jo+Uo u5{g\ .
s;}n] s'/f abNof] eg] ælrlrË'6n ] ]
ef;L km]¥of]Æ eG5g\ . lrlrË'6n ] ] ef;L
km]¥of] eg] ædf};d ablnP 5Æ eGg]
a'lemG5 .
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ælrlrË'6x] ?Æn] efsf abn]sf 5g\ .
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k|s/0fn] lnPsf] 5 . gSsnL e"6fgL
z/0ffyL{ k|s/0fn] /fhgLlts rrf{
kfPsf] 5 . lxhf] c fh g] k fnsf
/fhgLlts hutdf lrlrË'6x] ?n] gofF
uLt ufO/x]sf 5g\ . /fhgLlts
hutdf klg / ;~rf/ hutdf klg .
cfhef]ln ;a} ldl8ofx? Tot} Ao:t
5g\ . ldl8ofx?sf] klg efsf km]l/Psf]
5 . o;af6 s'/f a'‰g' k5{ ls g]kfndf
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eGg dg nfUof] of] bnfn ;+;bLo
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wfgL{ af];f]Æ eg] h:t} xf] .
lrlrªu'6x] ?,
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lrlrË'6x] ?,
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lrlrË'6x] ?,
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lrlrªu'6x] ?,
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lrlrªu'6x] ?,
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lrlrªu'6x] ?,
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lbO/x]sf] 5 . b'lgofFnfO{ e|d lbg,
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hgtfsf] ljt[i0ff / 3[0ffefjnfO{ cGt
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F Ln] o;sf] ;+/If0f / k|fT] ;fxg kfPsf] xf] .
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v]n xf] .
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r'gfj, u7aGwgx?sf] ;+36g / lj36g
tyf ;/sf/ u7g / k'gu{7g, bn
cbnabn, gful/stf sf08, cbfntL
cfb]z / k'glg{jf{rg, oL 36gfx? kbf{
k5fl8sf] Pp6f l8hfOgleqsf ljleGg
:6]kx? x'g\ . tL :6]kx? Ps r/0f
k"/f ePkl5 csf]{ :6]kdf hfg gofF
jftfj/0f l;h{gf ul/G5 . of] ablnPsf
efsfn] oxL hgfp lbG5 . oxfF hf]
elgG5 Tof] ul/Fbg} , hf] elgFbg} Tof]
ul/G5, g]kfnL ;+;bLo /fhgLltsf]
ljz]iftf /xFb} cfPsf] 5 .
e"6fgL z/0fyL{ k|s/0fsf] 36gf w]/}
cufl8sf] 36gf xf] . plta]n} of] lsg
aflx/ NofPgg\ < s] of] s'/f cd]l/sfnfO{
yfxf lyPg < s] ef/tnfO{ yfxf lyPg <
s] of] o'/f]lkogx?nfO{ yfxf lyPg < s]
of] s'/f oxfFsf To;a]nfsf zf;sx?nfO{
yfxf lyPg < cjZo lyof], lyof] dfq
xf]Og of] klg l8hfOgleq ul/Psf]
lyof], cGhfgdf xfjfsf] tfndf ul/Psf]
lyPg . To;a]nfdf of] ug{ lbg] klg
l8hfOgd} / of]hgfd} u/] / clxn]
klg of] l8hfOgd} of] k|s/0f aflx/
NofOPsf] 5 .
h:t} Pp6f tfhf pbfxf/0f
Pd;L;LnfO{ g} x]/f}+ – Pd;L;Lsf]
l8hfOg / k|f; ] ;
] ;g !((^ b]lv z'?
u/]sf] @)@! df cfP/ dfq PS;kf]h
eof] . kl5 yfxf eof] ls of] ;/sf/df
a:g] / k|ltkIfdf a:g] lglZrt
clwsf/Lx? ;a}nfO{ yfxf lyof] t/
o;nfO{ aflx/ NofOPg, lgs} uf]Ko ?kdf
of] l8hfOg / k|f; ] ;
] rflnof] . yfxf
ePsfx? yfxf kfpFbf kfpFb} klg t}+
r'k d} r'k a;] hj;Dd :jfy{ ldn]sf]
lyof] . hj :jfy{ ldn]g tj PS;kf]h
eof] . of] pgLx? cfkm}F aflx/ Nofpg
afWo x'G5g\ . To;kl5 6fn6'n kf/]/
cfkm}F ldnfpF5g\ . æaf]S;L klg cfkm}F
emfF q mL klg cfkm} F Æ aG5g\
;fd|fHojfbLx? . of] ;fd|fHofjfbsf] v]n
xf] . ;fd|fHojfbsf] v]n cb[Zo x'G5 .
kbf{ k5fl8 lgs} 8/nfUbf if8\oGqx?
x'G5g\ . 7"n7"nf vt/gfs l8hfOgx?
a'lgG5 / Tof] 36gf eP kl5 dfq
yfxf x'G5 . Pp6f dha't ;'/Iff
3]/fleq a;]sf] aL/]Gb|sf] a+zgfz ug]{
l8hfOg / if8\oGq x'bF f ;d]t /fhf /
pgsf ;+oGqn] yfxf kfpFb}g eg]
;fdfGo hgtfn] t emg yfxf kfpg]
s'/} 5}g .
ufpF3/df Pp6f sxfjt 5– æd}n]
lk6] h:tf] u5{' tF /f]P h:tf] ug{Æ'
af7f] 3/kltn] 3/ cfPsf] kfx'gf
eufpg] h'lQm u/] . t/ cfhsfnsf
kfx'gf klg af7} ePsf 5g\ . kfx'gf
3/ k:g hfFbf >Ldfg\ >LdtLn] s'6fs'6
?jfjf;L u/]sf] b]vk] l5 kfx'gf km/Ss
kms]/{ lg:s] . kfx'gf uPkl5 nf]Ug]
:jf:gLn] cfk;df xfF:b} v'zL k|s6
ub}{ eGg nfu] d}n] s:tf] s'6] h:tf]
u/]+ x}, :jf:gL elG5g\ cF d klg s:tf]
/f]P em}+ u/]+ x} . oltg} a]nf kfx'gf
6'Kn'Ss leq k:b} eg] xh'/ d klg
s:tf] uP h:tf] u/]+ x} . g]kfnsf]
/fhgLlt klg o:t} xf] . x]/f} of] e|i6frf/
lj/f]wL ;/sf/L sbdsf] cflb /
cGTosf] syf, sxfF uP/ 6'lF uG5 .
e|i6frf/sf] cGTo ug{' k5{ / e|i6frf/
ug]n{ fO{ s8feGbf s8f ;hfo lbg' k5{,
o;df ;fob s;}n] lj/f]w ub}g{ g\ xf]nf .
g]kfnsf l;l08s]6jfnf /fhgLlts
bn eg]sf sfFu; ]| , Pdfn], dfcf]jfbL,
dw]zjfbL bnx? x'g\ . o;df Pp6f
l8hfOgdf /f:jkfnfO{ klg cufl8
NofOPsf] 5 . sxfF;Dd hfG5 x]g{ afFsL
5 . of] gofF kf6L{ / k'/fgf kf6L{x?
abgfd x'bF } hgtfdf gflËb} uPkl5
ltgsf ljsNkdf ljb]zLx?n] cufl8
;f/]sf jf v8f u/]sf k|fof]lht
(Designed) kf6L{ xf] . afFsL cGo
;fgf sDo'lg:6 jf u}/sDo'lg:6
;d"xx? logsf ær]kj' fÆ kf6L{ x'g\ hf]
7"nf kf6L{ jf bnx?sf ;xof]uL bn
x'g\ . /f:jkf klg rf}yf] 7"nf] bnsf]
?kdf Pp6f r]kj' f kf6L{s} ?kdf v8f
5 . of] jfu]l{ gË kfj/;lxtsf] r]kj' f
kf6L{ ag]sf] 5 . oxfF ær]kj' f kf6L{Æ
eGg'sf] cy{ 7"nf l;l08s]6jfnf
bnx?nfO{ aLrdf jf tndfly
bfofFafofF a;]/ ldnfpg] ær]kj' fÆ aGg]
kf6L{ x'g\ . 7"nf ;/sf/ agfpg] x}l;ot
/fVg] t/ c?sf] ;kf]6df agfpg]
vfnsf kf6L{x?sf] aLrdf a;]/ k"0f{tf
lbg] r]lkPsf kf6L{ x'g\ h;n] ufx|f]
xfNbf b'O{ jf tLg 7"nf t/ cfk;df
gldn]sf 9'Ëfx?nfO{ cfkm' r]kj' f ag]/
ldnfpg] ub{5 . o;}nfO{ r]kj' f kf6L{
eg]sf] x'F . o:tf r]kj' fsf] sfd ug]x{ ?
u7aGwg agfpFbf @–$ dt gk'ud] f
ltgn] ;/sf/ agfpg] ;xof] u
k'¥ofpF5g\ . To;}n] ltgsf] klg efp
a9\5, ;+;bLo Joj:yfdf .
clxn]sf] ;/sf/df 7"nf bn eg]sf
sfFu; ]| / Pdfn] x'g\ . pgLx?sf] ;/sf/
agfpg] hgdt 5}g . To;}n] dfs] tL
b'Od{ f htf klg ldNg] r]kj' f kf6L{ xf] .
o;kl5 /f:jkf, P;, /fk|kf, h;kf,
nf];kf, hgdt, d;fn cflb ;a} r]kj' f
kf6L{x? cfk"mx? htf ;lhnf] x'G5 Tot}
r]kj' f aG5g\ . clxn] sfFu; ]| , dfs]df
P; yKbf klg ;/sf/ gk'Ubf cGo
dw]zjfbL bnx?nfO{ r]k'jf /fv]/
u7aGwgsf] wfgL{ k'¥ofpg ;s]sf 5g\ .
To;}n] Pp6f r]kj' f lg:sg] ljlts}
kvf{n xNng / 9Ng yfN5 . 7"nf
9'Ëfx? cfk;df 7f]lsg yfN5g\ To;}n]
logLx? a9f] xf]lzof/L k"js { efsf
ldnfpF5g\, avf{ofdsf sl/df -
‰ofpFls/L_x?n] h:t} . ;fgf–;fgf
cg]s r]k'jf ;d"xx? klg cfˆgf]
cl:tTjsf /Iffsf sf/0f ToxL
‰ofpFls/Lsf] ¥ofpF¥ofpFdf ldl;P/
efsf hf]8\g afWo 5g\ . oL ;a}
lrlrªu'6x] ? / ‰ofpFls/Lx?sf] syf
;+;b\jfbL bnx?sf] cGt/syf xf] .
jf:tjdf uPsf] r'gfjdf hgtfn]
s;}nfO{ klg ax'dt lbPsf] xf]Ogg\ .
rfv nfUbf] s'/f t # s/f]8 hg;+Vofdf
b'O{ s/f]8eGbf a9L aflns dt lyof] .
h;df d'l:snn] ! s/f]8 *) nfvn]
dfq dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd r9fP .
gfd r9]sfdWo] klg ! s/f]8 ( nfvn]
dfq dtbfg u/] . &! nfveGbf a9Ln]
ef]6} lbPgg\ . ef]6 lbPsf ! s/f]8 (
nfvdf klg % nfv dt /2 -ab/_
eP . hDdf ! s/f]8 $ nfv dfq
;b/ dt 7xl/of] . Tof] ;b/ dtdf
klg ;dfg'kfltsdf s/Lj !@ nfv /
k|ToIfdf t @)–@% nfv dt /lj -
/f:jkf_ lt/ 8fOe6{ eof] . o;sf]
sf/0f klg afWosf/L cj:yfdf
g/fd|fd] Wo]sf] gofFnfO{ /f]Hg' kg]{ afWotf
lyof] . o;/L x]bf{ v;]sf] dt Ps s/f]8
klg 5}g . afFsL dtx? klg ljb]z
a;]sf, d/]sf cg'kl:ytx?sf] gfddf
v;]sf] 5 . k};fdf ef]6 lslgPsf 5g\ .
Pp6f dtnfO{ %)) b]lv !) xhf/;Dd
k/]sf] 5 . o;/L cNkdtn] lbPsf]
dt kl/0ffd klg s;}nfO{ klg s;}nfO{
ax'dt k|fKt 5}g . Pp6f kf6L{nfO{ t
k'ug] u7aGwgnfO{ g} ;fwf/0f ax'dt
gk'Ug] u/L hgtfn] cfˆgf] c;Gt'li6
/ lj/f]w hfx]/ u/] . hgtfsf] oqf]
7"nf ;+Vofn] r'gfjdf efu} lnPg jf
ljljw ?kdf alx:sf/ / vf/]h ub}{
r'gfjL ljb|fx] u/]sf 5g\ . of] eg]sf]
Joj:yfk| l tsf] 3[ 0 ff, ljt[ i 0ff /
c;Gt'li6 xf] . g]tf / kfqx?k|ltsf]
cljZjf; / alx:sf/ xf] . of] yfxf
kfPsf /fhgLlts bnx? cfˆgf]
v':s]sf] nuf}6+ L ;DxfNg wf} ePsf] 5 .
cem Tof]eGbf 7"nf lrGtf cfˆgf
bnfnx?k|ltsf] hgtfsf] 3[0ff /
alx:sf/sf] efjgf st} sDo'lg:6lt/
g9lNsof]; / ;dfhjfbL Joj:yfnfO{
kmfObf k'Ug ghfcf];\ eGgsf nflu
hgtfsf] Wofg oxL Joj:yf, bn /
g]tfx?af6} ;Dej 5 eGg] b]vfpg /
v':s]sf] wf]tL ;DxfNg e|i6frf/ / 3';
sf08sf] d'2fnfO{ xfOnfO6 ul/Psf] 5 .
Tof] klg ;'? sDo'lg:6x?af6 ;'?
ul/of] . nx/f] tfGbf kx/f] ulh{of] eg]
h:t} o;n] sfF u | ] ; sf g] t f /
g]tfkTgL;Dd k'us ] f] 5 . of] sxfF uP/
6'l+ uPnf cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . of]
cGtdf uP/ sDo'lg:6af6 ;'? u/]/
sDo'lg:6d} 6'+Uofpg] / ;/sf/df
km]/abn u/]/ gofF hf]uLx?nfO{ s';L{df
Nofpg] v]nf]dn ] f] x'g ;S5 . jfl;+u6g
s] ;f]+R5, lbNnL / n08gx? s]
;f]lr/x]sf 5g\, To;df lge{/ /xG5 .
of] k|of;s} ?kdf clxn] efsf km]l/
km]l/ gSsnL e'6fgL z/0ffyL{sf] uLt
ufO/x]sf 5g\ . ef]ln s]–s] uLt ufpg]
x'g\ . ufpFb} hfFbf SofG6f]gd]G6;Dd
k'ufpg klg ;S5g\ . uPsf] r'gfjL
kl/0ffdn] ;+;bjfbL lrlrªu'6x] ?nfO{
of] uLt ufpg afWo agfof] .
logLx?nfO{ of] l:yltdf Nofpg] e"ldsf
hgtfsf] r'gfjL ljb|fx] xf] . of] hgtfsf]
c;Gt'li6 / Joj:yf / ;+;bjfbL
g]tfk|ltsf] 3[0ff / alx:sf/sf] kl/0ffd
xf] . To;}n] hgtfsf] yk ljb|fx] /
c;Gt'li6x? /f]Sg / cGo ;Defljt
ljb|fx] x?nfO{ cf]em]n kfg{ pgLx?n]
of]hgfd} of] nf]slk|o gf/f / sbd
rfn]sf x'g\ eGg] s'/fdf ed| gk/f}+ .
t/, of] Joj:yfdf of] sbd lsg
c;Dej 5 eg] of] ;f/f ;d:of g} of]
Joj:yfsf sf/0f pTkGg ePsf] xf] /
of] Jo:yf /x'Gh]n of] e|i6frf/ klg
/f]lsb}g, 3'; klg /f]lsFbg} / o:tf
km]l/–km]l/ uLt ufpg] lrlrªu'6]
efsfx? klg /f]lsFb}gg\ . df};dL
‰ofpls/Lx? klg hlGd/xG5g\ / xNnf
ul//xG5g\ hj;Dd j} 1 flgs
;dfhjfb cfpFbg} .
hxfF ; Dd d' 2 fsf] s' / f 5,
e|i6frf/sf] d'2f clxn]sf] ;j}sf] Wofg
cfs[i6 ug]{ d'2f xf] . e|i6frf/ s;}n]
dg /fpFbg} g\ t/ of] Joj:yfdf sd{rf/L
/ ;+;bLo bnsf g]tfx? of] ug{ nfrf/
klg 5g\ . of] s'/f ;To xf] ls
e|i6frf/sf] cGt gx'bF f;Dd g b]z
pFef] nfU5 g hgtfsf] cj:yf g}
km]l/G5 . of] a'lem/fv] eof] . t/,
e|i6frf/sf] cGt s;/L x'G5 < of] d'Vo
s'/f xf] . of] Ps b'O{ hgfnfO{ sf/afxL
u/] / cGTo x' F b } g . km] l / csf] { n ]
ul/xfN5 . lsg ls e|i6frf/ ug]{ /
pTkGg ug]{ / x'g] ;|ft] sf] cGt ePsf]
5g\ . e|i6frf/L gfdsf] af]6 arfO/fVg]
xf] eg] e|i6frf/ t kmln/xG5 . Pp6f
xfFuf] sf6]/ kmf]/] kmNg 5f]8b\ g} . csf]{
xfFuf]df t kmnL g} /xG5 lg . 5f;]sf]
xfFuf]df emg\ /fd|f] / w]/} xfFufx? knfP/
cfpF5g\ . To;sf/0f o;sf] af]6
;'sfpg] jf lj?jf g} abNg] h'lQm /fd|f]
xf] . o;f] em§} e|i6frf/sf] lj/f]w ug{,'
3'; / ;'bsf] cGt ug{' Psbd hfoh
/ ;sf/fTds s'/f xf] . xfdL klg oxL
rfxG5f}+ . o;sf lj?4 p7\g\ ] s'g} klg
;+:yfut jf JolQmut ?kn] ul/g] ;+3if{
/ cfGbf]ngsf] xfdL ;dy{g u5f}{+,
;dy{g dfq xf]Og, ;xsfo{ u5f}+{ /
;fy ;xof]u klg u5f}+{ lsg ls g]kfn
/ g]kfnLsf] nflu e|i6frf/ / 3';,
g]skfsf dxf;lrj sd/]8 laKnjn]
eGg' ePh:t} æ;?jf SofG;/Æ h:t}
ePsf] 5 . of] sfo{ OdfGbf/
/fhg}ltssdL{x?sf nflu æxb bhf{sf]
cg}lts sfo{Æ xf] . o;n] æb]znfO{
leqleq wld/fn] vfP h:tf] vf]qmf]
agfpF5 . o;sf lj?4 s]jn s]xL g]tf,
s]xL kf6L{ / /fHo dfq n8]/ klg k'Ub}g,
hgtf dfq n8]/ klg k'Ub}g ;a} ldn]/
n8\g' k5{ .Æ km]l/ klg bf]xf]¥ofP/ eGg
rfxG5' hlt n8] klg of] Joj:yf /x'Gh]n
e|i6frf/ /f]lsFbg} . of] emg\emg\ a9]/
hfG5 . To;}n] o;sf] ljsNk j}1flgs
;dfhjfbL Joj:yf :yfkgfsf nflu
PsLs[t hgqmflGt g} clxn]sf] d"n
af6f] xf] . e|i6frf/, sldzg, 3';, ;'b,\
t:s/L, sfnf]ahf/L, dflkmoftGq,
ld6/JofhL, rqa[l4 Aofh, a]/f]huf/,
a]ltly, las[lt, lj;+ult, lxF;f,
czflGt, ef]sd/L, cfjf/fubL{, nfu"
cf}ifw a]rljvg / cf];f/k;f/, r]nLj]6L
a]rljvg, anfTsf/ / Jolerf/ oL
;a of] bnfn ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf
clgjfo{ pkh x'g\ . of] Joj:yf /x'Gh]n
oL /f]lsFbg} g\ . hlt sf/jfxL u/] klg
Joj:yfn] csf]{ tl/sfn] o;sf] ;+/If0f
ul//x]sf] x'G5 . o;sf] kl/0ffd
/fhgLltdf klg ljs[lt, lsga]r,
/sdL r'gfj -r'gfjdf k};fsf] rnv]n_,
;fF;bx?sf] v;Laf]sf eGbf ;:tf]df
vl/bljqmL x'g,' kf6L{x? ;+:yfut ?kn]
vl/b ljqmL x'g,' :yfoL ;Qfsf k|dv ' x?
7
g} vl/bljqmLsf ;fwg aGg', pgLx?af6}
e|i6frf/, 3';, sldzg / rnv]n ;'?
x'g' oL ;a} Joj:yfs} s/0f xf] . To;}n]
s;}nfO{ sfaf{xL u/]/ of] e|i6frf/
/f]lsg] klg xf]Og / /f]lsb}g klg .
h:tf] ls Pp6f JolQmnfO{ e|i6frf/df
% jif{ s}b ul/of], csf]n { fO{ rf]/L s]zdf
# jif{ h] n sf] l rof] . csf] { n fO{
Hofgdf/fdf bz jif{ h]n sf]lrof] .
csf]n { fO{ 3'; vfPsf] s]zdf @ jif{
h]n xflnof] t/ tL ;a}n] sfg"gL k|lqmof
kf/ u/]/ lg:sG5g\ . cem Gofolwz,
jlsnx?n] g} k};f vfP/ ltgnfO{
;hfo ldgfxf ul/lbg] / lgsfNg]
u5{G\ . /fhgLlts g]tfx?n] sfg"g g}
abn]/ o;nfO{ ;+:yfut agfpF5g\ .
ltgLx? aflx/ lg:sFbf g ltgLx? cfj
Tof] ck/fwaf6 k|folZrt u/]sf x'G5g\
g aflx/ ;dfhdf / /fHooGqdf tL
;a} ck/fwsf dxnx?sf] cGt ePsf]
x'G5 . tL lg/Gt/ rln/x]s} x'G5g\ /
k};f vfg] h'QmL / dxndf kl/0ft
ePsf x'G5g\ . clg ljb|fx] /f]Sof] t
h]ng]n / sfg"gn] < o;}n] o;sf]
Psdfq ;dfwfg e|i6frf/, 3'; vfg],
;'b lng], rf]/L 8s}6L ug]{ / lxF;f ug]{
jftfj/0fs} cGt ug{' xf] . /fhg}lts,
cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, wfld{s,
hftLo, If]qLo, lnËLo tyf dgf]j1} flgs
lje]b / c;dfgtfx?sf] cGt ug{' xf] .
o;sf] nflu cem} g]kfndf Pp6f qmflGt
h?/L 5 . Tof] PsLs[t hgqmflGt xf] .
lsg ls g]kfnL ;dfh / g]kfnL
hgtfdf Pp6f eo+s/ dxf/f]u nfu]sf]
5 . To;df Pp6fdfq /f]u nfu]sf]
5}g . ;a} /f]un] u|l;t 5 . PsLs[t
/f] u (Combined Disease)
nfu]sf] 5 b]znfO{ dfly eg]sf ;a}
If]q /f]un] u|l;t eP/ g} ;fdfGo
;' w f/jfbL jf c+ z c+ z df ul/g]
pkrf/n] k'Ub}g eg]sf] xf] . To;sf]
lgjf/0f jf cGTo ;fdfGo ;'wf/jfbL
af6f]af6 ;+ej} 5}g . To;}n] cfd"n
kljt{g cfjZos 5 . Ps k6s ;a}n]
5fQL ldr]/ ePklg of] cfF6 u/f}+ ls
b]z hgtfnfO{ ;fIfL /fv]/ ;a}
g]kfnLx? k|0f u/f}+ of] /f]usf] cGTo
ug{ ;lsG5, ;+ej 5 . g]kfnnfO{ abNg
;lsG5 t/ lrlrªu'6] efsfaf6 of]
;+ej 5}g / x'bF g} .
cGtdf …n'tf]ÚnfO{ sGofP/ dhf
lng'eGbf o;sf] pkrf/ ug]{ tkm{ nfuf}+ .
of] g} xfdL ;a}sf] lxtdf 5 . clxn]sf]
ab\ l nPsf] df} ; d uPsf] r' g fjL
rqmjftsf sf/0f pTkGg ;fdfGo
df};dL abnfj dfq xf] . qmflGtsf]
;'gfdL cfpg' k5{ ;fFRr}sf] e|i6frf/sf]
cGt ug{nfO{ . o;sf] nflu afx\o /
cfGtl/s :jfwLgtfsf] ;d:of xn ug]{
tkm{ ;a}n] ;f]rf}+ . afx\o :jfwLgtf
/fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf] ;d:of xf] hf]
afx\o ;fd|fHojfbL x:tIf]kaf6 k}bf
ePsf] ;d:of xf] / bf];f| ] cfGtl/s
:jfwLgtfsf] ;d:of xf] hf] b]zsf]
bnfn k'h F LjfbL /fHo Joj:yfsf sf/0f
pTkGg ;d:of xf] . of] Joj:yfksLo
;d:of xf] / k|0ffnL (System) sf]
;d:of xf] . o;}sf] sf/0fn] e|i6frf/
df}nfPsf] xf] . ljb]zL ;fd|fHojfbL k'h F Ln]
o;sf] ;+/If0f / k|fT] ;fxg kfPsf] xf] .
clxn]sf] e|i6frf/ lj/f]wL xNnfvNnL
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5 . afx\ o u' ? of] h gf / leqL
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olt ug]{ cfF6 ug{' / sbd rfNg'nfO{
;sf/fTds g} 7fGg' k5{ . p7fPsf]
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k5{ < o;nfO{ aLrdf km]l/ ;Qf /
s';L{sf] afu]l{ gª / ;+emf}tfdf 6'ufOg'
x'bF g} . 3'; / ei6frf/ k|s/0faf6 kb
/ s';L{ k|s/0fdf ghfcf];\ ;r]t
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 8 sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#÷@)^#÷^$
PSsfO;f}+=====
pgn] ca sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x? Ps
eO cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ dx;'; ug{k' g]{
cfjZostf b]lvPsf]n] sDo'lgi6x? Ps
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cfjZostf /x]sf] atfP .
o;}u/L, pQm sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg
ub}{ g]kfn ;dfhjfbL kf6L{sf cWoIf
tyf k"jk{ w| fgdGqL 8f afa'/fd e§/fO{n]
cu|ufdL k|ultzLn zlQmn] ;dfofg'sn"
?kfGtl/t eP/ ljsNk lbg ;Sg'kg]{
atfP . pgn] jfdkGyL ;dfhjfbL
zlQmn] cfk"mnfO{ ?kfGt/0f u/] dfq
hgtfsf] ck]Iff k"/f ug{ ;lsg] atfpFb}
eg]– …xfdLn] ;dfhjfbL ljsNk lbg
;Sof}F eg] hgtfsf] cfzf ck]Iff k"/f
ug{ ;lsG5 . lxhf]s} ufyf ufO/Xof},F
ljut s} h:tf] Jojxf/ b]vfpg yfNof}F
/ ;Qfdf uP/ e|i6Ls/0f eof}F / ltgsf]
k|lt/Iffdf nfUof}F eg] cfufdL lbgdf
hgtfn] xfdLnfO{ gsfg]{ 5g\ .Ú
8f e§/fO{n] jt{dfg cj:yfdf
d'ns ' cu|udg / kZrudgsf] aLrdf
d8fl//x]sf] / cfufdL s]xL jif{ w]/}
uDeL/ x'g] b]lvPsf] pNn]v ub}{ d'ns ' df
b]lvPsf] a]lylt cGTo ug{ cfk"mx?n]
/fhgLlts tj/df 5nkmn ul//x]sf
atfP . pgn] eg]– …km]l/ klg xfdLn]
cfk"mnfO{ ?kfGt/0f u/]/ cu|ufdL
/fhgLlts ljsNk lbG5f}F . o'jf
ljBfyL{n] klg e|i6frf/, a]lylt,
a]/f]huf/L, lzIff, :jf:Yonufotsf d'2f
p7fP/ g]tT[ j ug{k' 5{ .Ú
8f e§/fO{n] ;+ljwfgdf :jf:Yo,
lzIff, /f] h uf/Lnufot gful/s
clwsf/nfO{ df}lns xssf ?kdf
Joj:yf ul/Psf] eP klg cem} gful/s
df}lns xs k|fKt ug{af6 jl~rt ePsf]
atfpFb} eg]– æ;+ljwfgdf lzIff df}lns
clwsf/sf ?kdf /flvPsf] 5, ljljw
sf/0fn] ;a}nfO{ lzIff lbg ;lsPsf]
5}g . u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf]
5}gg\ . b]zleq} ;Ddfghs /f]huf/L
k|fKt ug]{ cj:yf cem} ePsf] 5}g .
7"nf] ;+Vof of] b]zk|lt cfˆgf] eljio
b]Vg 5f8]/ knfog eO/x]sf] 5,
/f]huf/Lsf nflu dfq} xf]Og, cWoogsf
nflu klg nfO{g nflu/x]sf] 5, o;sf
nflu ljBfyL{ ;Ë7gn] 3f]lTnP/
;f]Rg'kg]{ 5 .Æ
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;fk]Iftfdf nf]stGq 5 . hghLjgsf]
k|Zg, ;'zf;gsf] k|Zg k|dv ' ag]/
cfPsf 5g\, To;cg';f/ cu'jfn] gLlt
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;fnb] l v @)^@÷)^# sf]
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n8fO{ k"/f u¥of}F . xfdLn] k"0f{ ljhodf
k'¥ofPsf] xf]Og . xfdLn] u/]sf] qmflGt
xnfn qmflGt lyof] l5gfn qmflGt
lyPg . To;}n,] sltko oyfl:yltjfbL
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afWo eof}+ .Ú
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…hgtfsf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;a}sf]
clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{k' g]{ lyof] . b]zdf
/f]huf/L ;[hgf ug{k' g]{ lyof] . oL ;a}
s'/f :yflkt u/]/ hgtfdf hfg ;s]gf}Ú+
e§/fO{n] eg], …xfdLn] ;dfofg'sn '
kl/jt{g ug{ g;s]df ;lsG5f}+ . cfk"mnfO{
;do cg'sn " kl/jt{g ug{k' 5{ .Ú
o;}u/L, pQm sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg
ub}{ g]skf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf pkfWoIf
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eg], …Tolta]nf dnfO{ ;bgdf dfq} xf]Og,
;f+3flts xdnf ug]{ b'ik|of; u/] .
a'6jndf cfqmd0f ug]{ b'ik|of; u/],
w'lnv]n, l;Gw'kfNrf]sdf b'ik|of; u/] .Ú
pgn] @ ebf} )&* df Pdfn] cWoIf
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E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com d'bs
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b]zdf nf]stGq / u0ftGq Nofpg
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e|i6frf/lj?4sf]=====
g]tfx?nfO{ nv]6g\ ;S5g\ . Psn]
csf{nfO{ bf]if nufpg' jf cf/f]k
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xf] . b]zdf c/fhstf xfjL eof] eg]
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g]tfx?dflysf] cfqmd0f, 9'u+ fd'9f jf
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zf;sx? jf g]tfx? nv]l6g'knf{ eg]/
;r]t x'g'k5{ eg] kfls:tfgaf6
kfn}kfnf] g]tfx? h]n hfg'knf{ eg]/
;hu /xg'k5{ . ;dfhdf n'6kf6sf
36gfx? g36'g\ eg]/ xfdL ;r]t
x'gk' 5{ . xfd|fd] f ;j{;Ddt jf lglj{jfb
g]tT[ jsf] ;Defjgf sd 5 . To;sf/0f
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k4lt jf ;+:yfnfO{ alnof] agfpg]
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nf]slk|o aGg] af6f]df xfdL km:b}5f}F .
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nf]slk|otfsf] af6f] Tolt kl/kSj af6f]
xf]Og . If0fe/d} pbfpg] / If0fe/d}
c:tfpg] /fhgLlt cGtTjfuTjf ktg
jf abgfdLsf] af6f] xf] . JolQm jf
bnnfO{ xf]Og b]z / hgtfnfO{ s]Gb|df
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k|0ffnLut 9+un] aGb ug{] af6f] c+lusf/
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jf zlQmzfnL cfof] u agfcf} F .
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k| w fgdGqL / GofofwLz /
k|wfg;]gfkltaf6 x'g] Joj:yf u/f}F .
sdhf]/, lg/Lx / ljkIfLx? jf l/;
p7]sfnfO{ dfq 5fglag ug'{ csf{]
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cfkm} F a f6 ug' { k 5{ . e| i 6frf/sf]
cf/f]kdf sf]xL klg lgbf{i] f dfG5] gk?g\
eg]/ ;hu x'gk' 5{ . xfdLn] hgtfnfO{
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kqsfl/tf cfhsf] d'Vo r'gf}lt xf] .
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ug{ h?/L 5 . ANofsd]lnª clg
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ldl8of s/K;g klg csf{] ;d:of xf] .
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JolQm nf]slk|o aGg] xf]8afhL rn]sf]
5 . ;Eoftfsf] ljsf;sf lx;fan] of]
Tolt /fd|f] k|jl[ Q jf ;+:s[lt xf]Og .
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sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf …ju{bZ' dgn] xfdLnfO{ b'O{ jif{ k|ltalGwt k7fpg] cIfDo ck/fw ;Qfsf] afu8f]/
kf]ln6Ao"/f] ;b:o lztn ;Ln] clxn]sf u¥of] . xfdLn] qmflGt ug]{ xf]Og eg] ;Dxfn]sf zf;sx?n] ul//x]sf 5g\ .
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5 …clgsfndf lap hf]ufpg'Ú b]zsf
nflu clg hgtfsf nflu s]xL u5'{
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lbg' k 5{ . u5' { eg] / k| l ta4tf
hgfpg]nfO{ cj;/ jf df}sf lbg'
nf]stGqsf] ;f}Gbo{ klg xf] . lgif]w xf]Og
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:jLsfo{tfsf] af6f] canDag u/f}F .
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hfg ;Sg] – xfdL clxn] cfly{s
;+s6sf] 38Ldf 5f}+ . hgtfn] ul/aL,
cefj, a]/f]huf/L / dxFuLsf] rf}tkmL{
;+s6sf] ;fdgf ug'{ k/]sf] 5 .
kfls:tfg / >Ln+sfdf klg s]xL ;do
klxn] hgcfqmf]zx? ljikmf]6s ag]sf
lyP . e|i6frf/sf] d'2fn] y'k}| bnx?leq ;Daf]wg ub}{ g]tf lztnn] pQm s'/f xfdLnfO{ ;fd|fHojfbL x:tIf]ksf lj?4 Ps csf]{ k|;+udf af]Nb} g]tf
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jf k'/fgf ;a} zLif{ g]tfx? cbfntsf] g]tf lztnn] eg]– …g]kfndf j}1flgs xfdL b]znfO{ ;fd|fHojfbsf] xftdf ;fd|fHojfbn] l;Wofpg] 7f]sj' f u/]sf
hgftfsf] s73f/fdf k/]sf 5g\ .
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g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj
ljKnj ;L k|dv
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:yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o ;' z Lnsf]
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;+of]hs pk]Gb| ;Lsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf]
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lhNnf ;Dd]ng ug]{ / z}lIfs dflkmof
cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
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g]skfsf===== a9fpg] lg0f{o ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . k| d ' v cfltYotf, ;lxb kl/jf/ qmflGtsf/L_ dWos0ff{nL Ao"/f] OGrfh{
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ck/fw ePsf] / of] /fi6« 3 ftL, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|ltlglw ;ldlt ;b:o of]hgf ;L, ;'vt{ ] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
hg3ftL / 7uL h:tf] cfk/flws sfo{
ePsf] n ] o;sf] tYok/s 9+ u n]
5fgljg u/L bf]ifLnfO{ lgd{dtfk"j{s
sf/jfxL ug{' kg]{ ljifodf 5nkmn
ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
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o;}u/L, gSsnL e'6fgL z/0ffyL{
k| s /0fnfO{ /fhgLlts/0f u/] /
abnfefjsf] dgf]al[ tn] sfd ug{ gx'g]
Ø lgjf{xd'vL s[lif k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/ u/L Joj;flos
ljifodf 5nkmn x'g'sf ;fy} of]
ljifonfO{ lnP/ ljb]zL zlQm cfslif{t s[lifsf] k|f/De u/f},+
x'g] / x:tIf]k a9\g ;Sg] tkm{ rgfvf]
x'bF } o;sf] lg?k0f ug]{ ;jfndf /fli6«o
cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ vt/fk|lt ;/sf/, Ø v]tLof]Uo hldg afFemf] g/fvf},+
cfd/fhgLlts bn, g]tf / hgtf
;r]t x'gk' g]{ ljifodf ;d]t 5nkmn
ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
Ø nfvf}+ vr{ u/]/ ljb]lzg'sf] ;§f :jb]zd}
pQm e]6jftf{df g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{sf k|jQmf k|sf08 ;L / g]skf -
PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL_ sf cWoIf dfwj
Joj;flos s[lif / kz'kfng u/f},+
g]kfn n] gSsnL e'6fgL z/0ffyL{
k| s /0fn] of] Joj:yfdf cfPsf]
;+s6nfO{ pTsif{df k'¥ofPsf] ljZn]if0f
Joj;flos s[lif pTkfbgdfkm{t cfly{s pkfh{g u/f}+ .
ub}{ ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] cGTo u/]/
j}1flgs ;dfhjfb :yfkgf ug{' g}
jt{dfg ;+s6sf] ;xL lgsf; x'gd ] f
b'j} g]tf ;xdt ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
;fy} jt{dfg /fhgLlts ;+s6sf]
;dfwfgsf] kxnsb\dL sDo'lg:6n]
lng h?/L ePsf] lgisif{ lgsfNb}
o;sf] nflu tTsfn ;dfhjfbL df]rf{
agfP/ cl3 a9\ g ] ;xdlt;d] t
ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
g] k fn ;/sf/
lj1fkg af]8{
o;} q mddf, g] s kfsf k| j Qmf
k|sf08 ;L / g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -
dfcf] j fbL s] G b| _ sf pkfWoIf
s[ i 0faxfb' / dx/faLr ;f] d af/
ck/fGx e]6jftf{ ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
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