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dgf]/~hgsf] ;fwgsf] ?kdf nu]sf] 5 .
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k|of]u u/]sf] 5 . cfkm\gf] ;Qf:jfy{sf]
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cfly{s, /fhgLlts, ef}uf]lns ;j}
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k}tnfsf] kflg vfg l;sfp5 o;/L
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lzIffsf] ;dfg cj;/ / kx'r F af6
al~rt ePsf 5g\ . lzIff x'g–] vfg]sf]
ju{sf] kx'r F df dfq ;Lldt x'bF } uPsf]
5 . t;y{, ju{ d]6fpgsf] nflu dfWod
aGg'kg]{ lzIff emg} 7"nf juL{o vf8n
agfpgsf] nflu k|of]u eO/x]sf] 5 .
oxfF xfdL /fHon] g} ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf
u/]sf] t/ sfof{Gjog gePsf] cyf{t\
ljBfyL{x¿sf] df}lns xssf] xgg /fHo
cfkm}nF ] ul//x]sf] ljifodf s]lGb|t x'g5] f}+ .
s] 5 ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf Û
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] efu # df
df}lns xssf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
h;cg';f/ wf/f #! df lzIff;DaGwL
xs pNn]v 5 . wf/f #! sf] kfFrj6f
pkwf/fdf lzIffnfO{ gful/ssf]
cfwf/e"t clwsf/sf] ¿kdf Joj:yf
ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . h;cg';f/ pQm
] f] wf/fdf lgDg a'bF fx¿ pNn]v 5g\–
!= k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfwf/e"t
lzIffdf kx'r F sf] xs x'g5 ] .
@= k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfwf/e"t txsf]
lzIff clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns lzIff
tyf dfWoflds tx;Dd lgMz'Ns
lzIff kfpg] xs x'g5 ] .
#= ckfËtf ePsf / cfly{s ¿kn]
ljkGg gful/snfO{ sfg'gadf]lhd
lgMz'Ns pRr lzIff k|fKt ug]{ xs
x'g5 ] .
$= b[li6ljxLg gful/snfO{ a|n ] lnlk
tyf alx/f / :j/ jf
JolQmnfO{ ;fÍ] l ts efiffsf]
dfWodaf6 sfg'gadf]lhd lgMz'Ns
lzIff kfpg] xs x'g5] .
tf] l sPsf] clwsf/Ln] @% xhf/
¿k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg] k|fjwfg
lzIff P]gdf 5 .
oyfy{df ;fsf/ aGg ;S5 . o;df
b'ljwf 5}g . cGoyf …xnf] c8\sfpg] /
uf]? r'6g\ Ú] sfd Ps};fy ug{ ldNb}g .
%= g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ k|To]s g]kfnL lsg lnO/x]sf 5g\ sfg'g ljk/Lt /fHoaf6 lzIffdf ljlgof]lht
;d'bfonfO{ sfg'gadf]lhd cfˆgf] z' N s Û ah]6nfO{ s]nfpg] xf] eg] kl5Nnf] kfFr
dft[efiffdf lzIff kfpg] / To;sf ;+ljwfgdf plNnlvt s'/f x'g] t/ jif{sf] cWoogdf s'n ah]6sf] !$
nflu ljBfno tyf z}lIfs ;+:yf Jojxf/df clxn] klg ;a}h;f] ;fd'bflos k|ltzt ah]6 lzIffdf 5'6o\ fOPsf] 5 .
c6n zdf{
;/sf/n] ;|ft] –;fwgsf] sdLn] sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsGg eGg]
s'/f u}/lhDd]jf/ s'/f xf] . otf ;/sf/n] afnaflnsfnfO{
lgz'MNs tyf clgjfo{ lzIffsf nflu g]kfnn] clxn];Dd
ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw, dxf;lGwx¿df x:tfIf/ ul/;s]sf]
5, h;df o'g:] sf]sf] …;a}sf nflu lzIff;DaGwL ;g\ !(() sf]
hf]D6g, ;g\ @))) sf] ;]gu] n 8fsf/ ;Dd]ng / @))! –
@)!% ;DaGwL 3f]if0ffÚ b]lv …afnclwsf/ dxf;lGwÚ,
…cfO{Pncf]sf] afn dhb'/;DaGwL dxf;lGwÚ, …cGt/f{li6«o
dfgj clwsf/ 3f]if0ffkqÚ nufotsf ljleGg 3f]if0ffkq
kb{5g\ . o;af6 g]kfnsf] cGt/f{li6«o:t/df b]vfpgsf] nflu
;Demf}tf ug]{ / oxfF ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog gugf{n] ;/sf/sf] ;fv
;a}lt/af6 lug]5{ / ;dfhjfbn:f]Gd'v ;+ljwfgn] lgRr
xfF:g]5 . To;sf/0f ;/sf/sf] of] vfnsf] u}/lhDd]jf/kgsf] lj?4 / df}lns xs sfof{Gjogsf]
lglDt lzIfs, ljBfyL{, cleefjs / ;a} lzIff If]qsf dfG5]x¿ Ps 7fpFdf cfP/ ;+oQ' m
cfGbf]ngsf] lgdf{0f ug{k' g]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 .
vf]Ng] / ;~rfng ug]{ xs x'g5] . ljBfnodf ljBfyL{x¿af6 ljleGg dfWoflds tx -!–!@_ ;Dd lgMz'Ns
;+ljwfgn] dfWoflds tx;Ddsf] gfddf z'Ns lnO/fv]sf] 5g\ . olta]nf lzIff k|bfg ug{ cfjZos ah]6
lzIff lgMz'Ns x'g] df}lns xs Joj:yf b]ze} l/sf ljBfnon] lgMz'Ns k9fPsf h'6fpg jflif{s cfly{s j[l4b/ sDtLdf
u/]sf] 5 . sIff !@ ;Dd dfWoflds 5}gg\, ;/sf/ ljBfyL{n] u'gf;f] ubf{ & k|ltzt x'gk} 5{ cGoyf ;+ljwfgn]
lzIff dflgPsf] 5 . …clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns sfgdf t]n xfn]/ a:5 clg ;d:of Joj:yf u/]sf] …lzIffdf ;a} gful/ssf]
lzIff P]g, @)&%Ú bkmf @) df …k|To]s lnP/ hfFbf cfk"mnfO{ ;f]af/] yfxf gePsf] kx'rF Ú tyf …clgjfo{ lzIffÚ sf] k|fjwfg
gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 dfWoflds klg eG5 . cem} sf]xL sf]xL t pQm c;kmn x'g5 ] .
tx;Ddsf] lzIff lgMz'Ns k|fKt ug]{ sfo{ ePsf] k|df0f e]l6Pdf sf/afxL lgisif{
clwsf/ x'g5 ] Ú elgPsf] 5 . P]gsf] u5f}+{ eGg;d]t kl5 kb}g{ g\ . ;+jw} flgs lzIffdf lgMz'Ns / clgjfo{tfsf]
Joj:yfcg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] …clgjfo{ Joj:yfcg';f/ ljBfno lzIffsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;jfn p7fpg]lalQs} /fHon] ;a}
/ lgMz'Ns lzIff;DaGwL lgodfjnL lhDd]jf/L :yfgLo txnfO{ lbOPsf] 5 . afnaflnsfx¿sf] lzIff kfpg]
@)&&Ú nfu" u/]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] cg';r " L * sf] * cf}+ clwsf/sf] Uof/]G6L ug{k' 5{, h;df ;dfg
;fj{hlgs ljBfnon] dfWoflds a'bF fdf …cfwf/e"t / dfWoflds lzIffÚ cfwf/e"t ;]jf–;'ljwfo'Qm lzIffdf ;dfg
tx;Ddsf] lzIffdfljBfyL{ egf{zN' s, :yfgLo txsf] If]qflwsf/df /flvPsf] cj;/, lgMz' N s kf7\ o k' : ts /
dfl;sk9fO z'Ns, k/LIff z'Ns / 5 . t/ xfd|f] :yfgLo txx¿ of] ljifodf kf7\o;fdu|L, lgMz'Ns vfhf, lgMz'Ns
kf7\ok':tsafktsf] /sd lng gkfOg] rf;f] g} lnO/fv]sf 5}gg\ . lzIff lgMz'Ns kl/jxg, lgMz'Ns ljBfno kf];fs,
Joj:yf lgodfjnLdf 5 . lzIff P]gn] agfpg]eGbf klg cgfjZos 7fpFx¿df lgMz'Ns cf}ifwLnufotsf cGo k7g–
;fd'bflos ljBfnon] ljBfyL{sf] gfddf nufgL ug]{ / ToxfFaf6 cfˆgf] :jfy{ kf7gnfO{ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf c;/ kfg]{
s'g} lsl;dsf] z'Ns lng gkfpg] Joj:yf k"lt{ ug]l{ t/ dfq b]lvPsf] 5 . o;f] ;]jf ;'ljwf kg{ hfG5g\ . clgjfo{ tyf
u/]sf] 5 . s'g} ljBfnon] P]gljk/Lt x' F b f cfh ljBfno hfg] nfvf} F lgMz'Ns lzIffsf] s'/f ubf{ o;sf k|dv '
ljBfyL{;uF s'g} z'Ns lnPdf To:tf] z'Ns afnaflnsf cfˆgf] df}lns xsaf6 tTjdf ef}lts tyf cfly{s sf/0faf6
lkmtf{ u/fpg] k|fjwfg klg 5 . s'l07t eO/x]sf 5g\ . b]lvg] lje]b/lxt ljBfnosf] jftfj/0f

hgtf j}1flgs ;dfhjfbdf nfd nfUb}

j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf nflu ;fdgf
hg;+ l ut cleofg lnP/ g] k fn
sDo' l g:6 kf6L{ l gs6 clvn
hg;f+:s[lts dxf;+3cGtu{t ;fdgf
kl/jf/ ;dfh ?kfGt/0f;lxt /fli6«otf,
hghLljsf, hg3ft, /fli6«o :jfwLgtf
kIfdf d'ns' a]xg] ' { k/]sf] b'Mv si6 clxn]
bnfn k'FhLjfbL ;;+lbo Joj:yf
c;kmntf uLt / ;+uLtsf] dfWodaf6
hgtfnfO{ hghfu/0f k}bf ug]{ p2]Zo
;lxt @)&(÷!!÷@& ut] gDa/
g'jfsf]6 lhNnfsf] ljb'/ gu/kflnsf
j8f # lqz'nLaf6 ;'? ePsf] cleofg
@)&(÷!@÷@^ ut] 8f]6L lhNnfsf]
a9Ls]bf/ ufpFkflnsf j8f gDa/ %
ct/sfF8fdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . pQm
cleofgdf xhf/f}+ ;+Vofdf kf6L{sf
g]tf, sfo{stf{, ;dy{sx? pkl:tly
ePsf lyP .
;Qfdf /x]sf sf+u|];, Pdfn],
dfcf] j fbLnufot cGo kf6L{ x ?
kl/Tofu u/L ;of}+ ;+Vofdf g]kfn
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{df w|j' Lsf/0f ePsf
5g\ . cleofg dWokxf8L /fhdfu{
!^ lhNnf sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf]
ePsf] 5 . ljb'/ gu/kflnsf j8f !
gDa/ lqz'nL ahf/ -g'jfsf]6_, ljb'/
gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ # j§f/ -
g'jfsf]6_, wflbª lhNnfsf] yfqm]
ufpFkflnsf j8f ^ dxfb]j 6f/ -
wflbª_, lgnsG7 gu/kflnsf j8f
g+ = # df wflbªa] ; L, uh' / L
ufpFkflnsf j8f gDa/ ! uh'/L ahf/
-wflbª_, OR5f sfdgf ufpFkflnsf
d' l UnË -lrtjg_, cfF j ' v } / ] g L
ufpFkflnsf cfFj'v}/]gL ahf/ -tgx'F_,
z'Snf u08sL gu/kflssf j8f
;d/ em';]
gDa/ $ w' l nuf} 8 f -tgx' F _ ,
dfgjclwsf/ rf]s, lrKn]9Ë' f kf]v/f
-sf:sL_, n]vgfy dxfgu/kflnsf
j8f @& zflGt 6f]n l/¶]kfgL -sf:sL_,
n]vgfy dxfgu/kflnsf j8f gDa/
!$ ;]tL vf]r gofF a:tL -sf:sL_,
s':df gu/kflnsf s':df ahf/ -
kj{t_, a]gL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/
& lj/]Gb| rf]s -DofUbL_, afun'ª
gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ –@
nf]stflGqs rf]s -afUn'ª_, uNsf]6
gu/kflnsf xl6of ahf/ -afUn'ª_,
9f]/kf6g gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ !
a'lt{jfË -afun'ª_, l;:g] ufpFkflnsf
j8f gDa/ ^ ?s'dsf]6 -?s'd k"j{_,
cf7 la;sf]6 gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/
( /fl8Ho'nf -?s'd klZrd\_, d'l;sf]6
gu/ kflnsf -vn+uf_ -?s'd klZrd\_,
lqj]0fL ufpFkflnsf lqa]0fL ahf/ -
?s'd klZrd\_, gnuf8 gu/ kflnsf
% sflndf6L -hfh/sf] 6 _, e] / L
gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ # uf}/L -
hfh/sf]6_, gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf j8f
gDa/ ! gofF ahf/ -b} n ] v _,
cf7la;sf]6 gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/
! ;fQfn -b} n ] v _, lagfos
gu/kflnsf j8f # lagfo ahf/ -
c5fd_, sdn ahf/ gu/kflnsf
sdn ahf/ -c5fd_, ;fkm] au/
gu/kflnsf ;fkm] ahf/ -c5fd_,
lbkfon l;nu9L gu/kflnsf j8f
$ lkknf ahf/ -8f]6L_, dkf6g
gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ * vf]8\k] -
a}t8L_, cflntfn ufpFkflnsf j8f
gDa/ $ 3/]n' -88]Nw'/f_, k/z'/fd
gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ % nfn9'Ë -
88]Nw'/f_, cgkf gu/kflnsf j8f
gDa/ % afuahf/ -88] N w' / f_,
al9s] b f/ ufpF k flnsf j8f %
cQ/sfF8f -8f]6L_, sl/a k|ToIf xhf/f}+
;+ V of / ck| T oIf nfvf} + ;+ V of
hg;xeflutf;lxt ## j6f sfo{qmd
;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;dfh
?kfGt/0f;lxt /fli6«otf, hghLljsf
:jfwLgtfsf kIfdf hgjfbL
snfsf/x? cfˆgf] k|:t'ltdfkm{t\ hgtf
a'emfPsf lyP . clxn] k'hF LjfbL bnfn
;+;bLo Joj:yfn] yf]k/]sf] cGofo,
czflGt, lje]b sf/0f hgtfdf lg/fzf
5fPsf] 5 .
/fhg}lts bnk|ltsf] ljt[i0ffsf
sf/0f hgtfdf 7"nf] gsf/fTds k|efj
/x]sf]] 5 . t/, g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{ c Gtu{ t ;fdgf cleofgn]
hgtfnfO{ j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf]
;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 . o'jf, ljBfyL{,
dlxnf, hghflt, vf; cfo{ /fhg}lts,
kqsf/, af}l4s, b]z elQm nf]stflGqs
zlQm ;'/Iff lgsfo ljleGg kf6L{sf
g]tfx? g}lts¿kdf ;dy{g hgfPsf
5g\ . Tolt dfq xf]Og clxn] hgtfnfO{
n'6kf6 / cft+s dRofPsf] n3'ljQ,
ld6/ Jofh, ;xsf/L ;+:yf a}s + r/d
Aofhb/ sf/0f hgtf 7"nf] ;f:tL
ef]u]sf 5g\ . of] cleofgn] klg
kLl8tx?sf] kIfdf ;F u } n8\ g ]
k|lta4tf hfx]/ u/]sf] 5 . ;of}+ ;+Vof
kLl8tx? g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
cfPsf 5g\ . of] cleofgn] kSs} klg
Pp6f gofF hghfu/0f k}bf ug]{ 5 .
kf6L{nfO{ /fhg}lts, ;f+:s[lts, ;+u7g
cfly{s ¿kdf 7"nf] pknlAw xfl;n
u/]sf] 5 . ;dfh /x]sf tdfd vfn]
ljs[lt, lj;+ultlj?4 xfd|f] g]kfn
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ tof/ /x]sf] 5 . of]
bnfn k'FhLjfbLjfbL Joj:yfnfO{
kmfNgsf] lglDt hgtfx? tof/ x'g5 ] g\,
lgs6 ela:odf j}1flgs ;dfhjfb
g]kfnsf] wtL{ pbfpg] 5 .
ljBfnodf ljBfyL{sf] ;+Vofsf]
cfwf/df lzIfssf] b/aGbL gx'bF f lghL
;|ft] df lzIfs egf{ u/]/ k7g–kf7g
cl3 a9fPsf] / lzIfsnfO{ tna
v'jfpg ljBfyL{af6 dfl;s z'Ns
p7fpg] ul/Psf] ljBfnosf] ts{ 5 .
clxn]sf] k|fjwfgcg';f/ ljBfnon] pQm
sfo{ ul/g' klg u} / sfg' g L 5 .
ljBfnoh:tf] If]qdf lbgbxf8} u}/sfg'gL
sfo{ eO/xg] / lzIfsh:tf] ;Ddflgt
k];fn] pQm sfo{ ug{k' gf{n] g}lts k|Zg
v8f u/]sf] 5 .
lzIff P]gsf] z'Ns;DaGwL Joj:yfsf]
pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg s'g} cleefjsn] cfˆgf] OR5fn]
;fd'bflos ljBfnonfO{ lbPsf] bfg,
pkxf/, rGbf jf ;xof]u lng ;lsg]5 .
oxL P]gdf ePsf] sdhf]/ kIfnfO{ pkof]u
u/]/ cfh cleefjsx¿nfO{ ;fd'bflos
ljBfnon] ljleGg n]v gfddf z'Ns
lnO/x]sf] 5 . xfn dfWoflds tx;Ddsf]
lzIffnfO{ lgMz'Ns ug{ sl/a c9fO{ v/a
ah]6 nfUg]5 .
x'g t s'n ah]6sf] aL; k|ltzt
/sd lzIffdf nufgL ug{ xfnsf ;a}
;+;bjfbL bnx¿n] cfˆgf] r'gfjL
3f]if0ffkqdf /fv]sf 5g\ . t/ r'gfjdf
hf]8tf]8n] p7]sf] ljifo r'gfjkl5 /
;/sf/ ag]kl5 x/fpF5g\ . ;+ljwfg
ag]kZrft\ & j6f gofF ah]6 cfof] t/
;a} ah]6df cfly{s j[l4b/ sl/a @=%
k|ltzt dfq 5 . olb @) k|ltzt
ah]6 lzIffdf nufgL ug]{ xf] eg]
;+ljwfgn] af]ss ] f] dd{ / bnx¿sf]
-sflnsf]6 / sf7df8f}s F f] Go"gtd ;'ljwf
;a} ljBfnosf] ;dfg x'gk' 5{_ rfx]sf] kfos
kg]{ ljBfnodf kx'r F , ;lhn} cfk"mnfO{ dg
kg]{ ljBfno / ljifo k9\g kfpg]
clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf, lje]b/lxt
ljBfnosf] jftfj/0fdf gful/ssf]
cfwf/e"t df}lns xs ;|ft] –;fwgsf] sdLn]
sdhf]/ x'g hfg] cj:yfnfO{ uDeL/
¿kdf Wofg lbg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
To;sf/0f o;nfO{ ;/sf/n] ;|ft] –
;fwgsf] sdLn] sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsGg
eGg] s'/f u}/lhDd]jf/ s'/f xf] . otf
;/sf/n] afnaflnsfnfO{ lgz'MNs tyf
clgjfo{ lzIffsf nflu g]kfnn]
clxn];Dd ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw,
dxf;lGwx¿df x:tfIf/ ul/;s]sf] 5,
h;df o' g ] : sf] s f] …;a} s f nflu
lzIff;DaGwL ;g\ !(() sf] hf]D6g,
;g\ @))) sf] ;]gu] n 8fsf/ ;Dd]ng
/ @))! – @)!% ;DaGwL 3f]if0ffÚ b]lv
…afnclwsf/ dxf;lGwÚ, …cfO{Pncf]sf] afn
dhb'/;DaGwL dxf;lGwÚ, …cGt/f{li6«o
dfgj clwsf/ 3f]if0ffkqÚ nufotsf
ljleGg 3f]if0ffkq kb{5g\ . o;af6
g]kfnsf] cGt/f{li6«o:t/df b]vfpgsf]
nflu ;Demf}tf ug]{ / oxfF ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog
gugf{n] ;/sf/sf] ;fv ;a}lt/af6 lug]5{
/ ;dfhjfbn:f]Gd'v ;+ljwfgn] lgRr
xfF:g]5 . To;sf/0f ;/sf/sf] of] vfnsf]
u}/lhDd]jf/kgsf] lj?4 / df}lns xs
sfof{Gjogsf] lglDt lzIfs, ljBfyL{,
cleefjs / ;a} lzIff If]qsf dfG5]x¿
Ps 7fpFdf cfP/ ;+oQ' m cfGbf]ngsf]
lgdf{0f ug{k' g]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 .
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g]skf sflnsf]6sf ;b:o bf]efg
g]kfndf x'g nfu]sf] pynk'ynsf ;+st] x?
g] k fndf kl5Nnf] ;dodf elgof] . Tolta]nf ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ 5g\ . h;n] g]kfndf s]xL ;d"xx?n] ls g]kfnsf l5d]sL rLg / ef/t
/ k|sfz @* dlxgf kl5 l/xf
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ sflnsf]6sf lhNnf sld6L ;b:o b'ua{ xfb'/
/fhgLlts pykk'yn x'g] / ljb]zLn] af]sfOPsf k"a{zt{x?sf] cfnf]rgf dfcf]jfbL zAbnfO{ g} qmdzM e|i6Ls[t ?;–o'qm]g dfldnfdf t6i6 /xFb} af]xf]/f -bf]efg_ / o'jf ;+u7g hfh/sf]6sf kbd k'g -k|sfz_ sflnsf]6af6
k/f]If?kdf zf;g ul//x]sf] eGg]h:tf dfq u/]sf] v08df To;nfO{ k|ltufdL agfpg] k|of; ul//x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . cfPsf 5g\ . rLgn] jftf{ s f l/xf ePsf 5g\ . g/xl/gfy ufpFkflnsf * sf b'u{axfb'/ af]xf]/f -bf]efg_ /
s'/fx?nfO{ s]xL kIfx?n] k|rf/df s/f/ ug]{ cj:yf lyof] . t/, kl5Nnf] olta]nf !@ a'bF ] ;xdlt kIfw/x? dfWodaf6 pQm ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg e]l/ gu/kflnsf @ sf kbd k'g -k|sfz_ sflnsf]6 lhNnf cbfntn] a'waf/
NofPsf 5g\ . w]/}n] o;nfO{ k|d'v ;dodf cEof;df hfFbf ltg} s'/fx? klg 5/k|i6 e};s]sf] cj:yf xf] . ug] { k| o f; ul//x] s f] 5 eg] l/xf ug{ cfb]z lbPkl5 b'j}hgf l/xf ePsf x'g\ . bnfn ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf]
rrf{sf] ljifo agfpg] u/]sf] b]lvPsf] k|ltufdL ;flat ePsf 5g\ . h;sf lsgls Tolta]nf !@ a'bF ] ;xdltdf cd]l/sfnufotsf klZrdf /fi6«x?
5 . t/, pynk'yn s;/L x'G5 / k|0f]tf )^# kl5 g]kfnsf] zflGt x:tfIf/ ug]{ dfcf]jfbL ljleGg ;d"xdf o'qm]gnfO{ xltof/ yk]/ o'4af6}
;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ kIfdf b]lvPsf
8f= s]zj b]jsf]6f 5g\ . ?;–o'qm]g dfldnfdf rLg /
ef/tsf aLrdf g]kfn PlSnPsf] 5 .
Toltdfq geP/ jt{dfg ;/sf/n]
olta]nf !@ a'bF ] ;xdlt kIfw/x? klg leqleq} g]kfnsf] k//fi6« gLltsf]
5/k|i6 e};s]sf] cj:yf xf] . lsgls k'g/fanf]sg ug]{ gfddf laBdfg
k//fi6« gLltdf kl/jt{g ug]{ k|of;
Tolta]nf !@ a'bF ] ;xdltdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ ul//x] s f] 5 . h;sfaf/] d f
;/sf/L:t/df ag]sf ;ldltx?n] ;/sf/n] @)&& ;fn kf}if !( ut] sflnsf]6sf] g/xl/gfy ufpFkflnsf ( df
/x]sf] bf]efgsf] cfˆg} 3/df al;/x]sf] cj:yfdf b'j}hgfnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf]
dfcf]jfbL ljleGg ;d"xdf laeQm 5 . cfkm\gf] lsl;dsf a'bF fx? tof/ u/]sf
5g\ . ca To;nfO{ ;+;bdfkm{t\ kmfi6 lyof] . pgLx¿nfO{ lu/ˆtf/ kl5 k|x/L]n] cfkm}F jd, ljikmf]6s kbfy{ /flvlbP/
dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|afx]ssf cGo dfcf]jfbL 6« o fsaf6 kfl/t u/fpg] k| o f;
e}/x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . t/, ;+;bdf
ljikmf]6 ;fdfg j/fdb u/]sf] eGb} em'§f] l/kf]6{ agfO{ sflnsf]6 lhNnf cbfntdf
d'4f bfx]/ u/]sf] lyof] . @% lbgsf] lx/f;t a;fOF kl5 lhNnf cbfnt
;d"xx?n] ;+;bLo /fhgLltnfO{ :jLsf/ Pdfn]nufotsf cGo bnx? ;xdt
geP;Dd k//fi6« gLltsf gofF a'bF fx?
sflnsf]6n] b'j}hgfnfO{ k'k{If]sf] nflu sf/fuf/ rnfg u/]sf] lyof] .
@)&& ;fnsf] kmfNu'g @! ut] g]skf / ;/sf/aLr # a'Fb] ;xdlt eP
u/]sf 5}gg\ . To;}n] pgLx? lbNnLdf kfl/t x'g] s'g} ;+efjgf /x]sf] 5}g . klg bf]efg / k|sfzn] sfg'gL k|lqmof k'/f u/]/ 5'6]sf x'g . pgLx¿sf] l/xf
eP nuQ} s0ff{nL df]lQm df]rf{ g]kfnsf ;+of]hs lj/f6 ;L, dWo s0ff{nL Ao'/f]
h;k|lt cGo kf6L{x?sf] Wofgfsif{0f
ePsf] !@ a'bF ] ;xdltsf] lakIfdf /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . To;}u/L / va/bf/L h?/L ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L OGrfh{ ljj]s ;L, sflnsf]6 lhNnf OGrfh{ anjfg\ ;L, lhNnf ;]qm]6/L ;fx;L
;L, /d]z ;L, k|eft :d[lt hg;fF:s[lts kl/jf/nufot g]tf–sfo{stf{n] eJo
jt{dfg ;/sf/df /x]sf s]xL kIfx?n]
g]dlskf, Pdfn] / dfn] xfn cfP/ !@ a'bF ] ;xdltsf] la/f]wdf g] k fnnfO{ e' 6 fgh:tf] ef/tsf] :jfut u/]sf lyP . l/xfkl5 cfˆgf] ufpF k'u]sf bf]efg / k|sfznfO{ ;lxb
:d[lt ufpF sld6Ln] klg laxLaf/ afhfufhf;lxt eAo sfo{qmd u/L k"mndfnf
;+ / lIft d' n ' s agfpg] k| o f;
b]lvPsf 5g\ . Tolta]nf x:tfIf/ u/]sf] elgPsf ;ft bndWo]sf ul//x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . leqleq} clj/n] :jfut u/]sf] 5 . pgLx¿ cfhsf] ldlt;Dd @ jif{ # dlxgf !) lbg
bnfn k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfsf] h]ndf a;L l/xf ePsf x'g\ .
To:tf Aojxf/x?sf] cEof; e}/x]sf]
s]xL bnx? la36g e};s]sf 5g\ . olta]nf !@ a'bF ] ;xdltnfO{ b]lvG5 . t/, To;n] cf}krfl/stf ‘If]qLo pTkL8g, pk]Iff, c;dfgtf
kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . To;}sf nflu
:jLsf/ ug]d{ f g]kfnL sf+u;]| , dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| / s]xL t/fO{ s]lGb|t xfnsf] ;Qf u7aGwgleq ef/t ;fdflhs e]befjsf] cGTo u/’
kIfLox?n] ;dfhjfbL df] r f{ s f
bnx? dfq /x]sf 5g\\ . g]kfnL sf+u;]| df klg !@ a'bF ] ;xdltdf gfddf pku7aGwg agfpg] k|of;
sf7df8f}F . s0ff{nL d'lQm df]rf{ g]kfnn] s0ff{nLsf hgtfdfly x'g] If]qLo pTkL8g,
pk]Iff, c;dfgtf, :jf:Yo, lzIff, s[lif, ko{6gnufot ljleGg If]qdf x'g] ;fdflhs
ul//x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL
pNn]v ul/PsfdWo] sltko a'bF fdf ladlt a9\b} uPsf] 5 . To;}n] k'iksdn bfxfn ef/t e|d0fsf nflu
lje]bsf] cGTosf] dfu u/]sf] 5tf: . d+unaf/ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sflnsf]6dfkm{t\
u[x dGqfnonfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfpFb} s0ff{nL d'lQm df]rf{n] /fHosf] j]jf:tf, pk]Iff,
laut em08} tLg dlxgfb]lv Aou|
lbNnLdf ul/Psf] Tof] !@ a'bF ] ;xdlt vf/]h u/]/ g]kfnleq} xfn k| l tIff/t /xg' ePsf] 5 . t/,
lje]bsf/L gLlt, n3'ljQ, ld6/JofhL rsf]{ zf]if0f cft+s, dxFu+ L, e|i6frf/L,
sfnf]ahf/L, sldzg, bnfnL s/0fsf] cGTo u/L cfTdlge{/tf / ;d[l4 s0ff{nLsf]
ef/tn] pxfFsf] e|d0fsf] vf; ldlt
lqmofzLn cj:yfdf /x]sf bnx?sf aLrdf gofF ;xdlt ul/g'kg]{ tf]s]sf] 5}g eg] Ph]08fx? klg
;fa{hlgs ul/Psf 5}gg\ .
68\sf/f] cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 . xfn g]sf+ / dfcf]jfbL sf7df8f}lF :yt ef/tLo /fhb"tsf]
s]Gb|;lxtsf] gf} bnLo ;Qf u7aGwgdf klg Ps?ktf / Pstf rnv]n eg] lg/Gt/ cufl8 al9/x]sf]
5 . xfn} dfq g]kfnsf u[xdGqL;Fusf]
/x]sf] 5}g . ef/tLo /fhb" t sf] e] 6 df;d] t
k|wfgdGqLsf] ef/t e|d0fsfaf/]df dfu u/]sf] 5 . df]rf{n] /fhgLlts, cfly{s, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts / kof{j/0fLo If]qdf
5nkmn ePsf] elgPsf] lyof] . t/, ;d]t j}bl] zs x:tIf]k a9\sf] eGb} hgtGq, hghLljsf, ;dfgtf / ;d[l4sf nflu
g]kfndf ljb]zL x:tIf]ksf] vf; k|lqmofsf] cg'udg ug{ /fi6« ;+3sf] laeQm 5 . dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|afx]ssf 5nkmnsf vf; Ph]08fx? v'nfOPsf /fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf] dfu u/]sf] 5 .
cj:yfsfaf/]df sf]xL s;}n] klg tkm{ a f6 g] k fn cfpg' ePsf cGo dfcf]jfbL ;d"xx?n] ;+;bLo lyPgg\ . aLr}df ef/tLo bafjdf o:t} cfTdlge{/ s0ff{nLsf] nflu pTkfbgsf] ljz]if of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L
atfpg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . xfn b]zdf cgldgsf k|d'v Oofg dfl6{g /x]sf] /fhgLltnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf 5}gg\ . ef/tla/f]wL egL k|rfl/t Pdfn]nfO{ pTkflbt j:t'sf] e08f/0f tyf Joj:yfkg / ahf/Ls/0f, s0ff{nLsf] k|fs[lts
OG8f]klZrdf zlQm lgolGqt ;/sf/ :ki6 5 . pg}sf] k|]/0ff / bafjn] To;}n] pgLx? lbNnLdf ePsf] !@ a'bF ] ;/sf/af6 x6fOPsf] lyof] . o:t} ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g u/L ko{6sLo ljsf;sf] dfu u/]sf] 5 . df]rf{n]
/x]sf] s'/f lbgsf] 3fdhlQs} 5n{Ë g]kfndf ;+3Lotf, hftLo ;dfa]zL, ;xdltsf] lakIfdf /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . cj:yf xf] eg] jt{dfg ;/sf/sf lbuf] ljsf; / u'0f:t/ lgMz'Ns lzIff, :jf:Yo / Gofo pknAwsf] dfu ub}{
5 . h;nfO{ g]kfndf vf;u/L g]kfnL / ;dfg' k flts;lxtsf] ldl>t To;}u/L g]dlskf, Pdfn] / dfn] xfn kfnfdf ef/t;Fu sltko uf]Ko ;lGw ;fj{hlgs oftfoftdf lnOg] rsf]{ ef8fb/ vf/]h ul/ j}1flgs ef8fbf/
sf+u; ]| / dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|n] )^@ d+l;/ lgjf{ r g k| 0 ffnLnfO{ ;+ l jwfgdf cfP/ !@ a'Fb] ;xdltsf] la/f]wdf ;+emf}tf / ;xdlt x'g ;Sg] ;+efjgf sfod ul/g'kg]{ dfu u/]sf] 5 .
& ut] lbNnLdf ePsf] !@ a'Fb] ;dfa]z u/fOPsf] lyof] . h;sf] d'Vo b]lvPsf 5g\ . Tolta]nf x:tfIf/ u/]sf] /x]sf] 5 . h;k|lt klg d'Vo t o:t} gfkmfsf nflu ;+rfng ul/Psf oftfot Jofj;flosf sf/0f lbgx'F
;xdltsf] lg/Gt/tf dfGg] u/]sf p2]Zo g]kfnLx?nfO{ km'6fp / zf;g elgPsf ;ft bndWo]sf s]xL bnx? g]kfnsf] b]zeQm zlQm rgfvf] x'gk' g]{ b'36{ gf x'g] u/]sfn] oftfotnfO{ ljz'4 gfkmfd"nseGbf klg ;]jfd'vL oftfot
5g\ . pgLx?n] ut d+l;/ $ sf] u/ eGg] xf] . of] ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] la36g e};s]sf 5g\ . olta]nf !@ cj:yf 5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf g]kfndf ;+rfngsf] nflu /fHon] Joj:yf ul/g'kg]{ dfu u/]sf] 5 . s0ff{nL d'lQm df]rf{
lgjf{rgdf qmddf klg Tolta]nfsf] 3f]lift cGt/f{li6«o gLlt klg xf] . a'bF ] ;xdltnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]d{ f g]kfnL /fhtGqsf] k'g:yf{kgfsf] xNnf klg g]kfnsf ;+of]hs s0f{axfb'/ ;Lsf] g]t[Tjsf] l6dn] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L
;/sf/nfO{ !@ a' F b ] ;xdltsf] g]kfnsf ;Gbe{df ;+3Lotf / sf+u; ]| , dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| / s]xL t/fO{ rnfOPsf] 5 . t/, /fhtGqjfbL hf]/fl;+x dfemLnfO{ nufotsf] l6dn] 1fkgkq a'emfPsf] lyof] .
lg/Gt/tf eg]sf lyP eg] ;f] lgjf{rg hftLo ;dfa] z Ln] d' V o t s]lGb|t bnx? dfq /x]sf 5g\\ . g]kfnL zlQmx?sf] ar{Zj g/x]sf sf/0f Tof]
;lsPkl5 klg !@ a'Fb] ;xdlt
;dy{ s x?sf] ;+ u 7g ug] { s' / f
sDo'lgi6x?sf] pGd"ng ug]{ / ljb]zL
x:tIf]knfO{ ufpFufpF;Dd lj:tf/ ug]{
sf+u; ]| df klg !@ a'bF ] ;xdltdf pNn]v
ul/PsfdWo] sltko a'bF fdf ladlt
;+efjgf 5}g . t/, /fhtGqsf] xf}jf
b] v fP/ jt{ d fg ;/sf/df
g]skf Onfdåf/f >LcGt'sf] 7]Ssf ab/ ug{ dfu
;fa{hlgs ?kdfg} AoQm u/]sf lyP . sfd ub{5 . xfn ePsf] klg ToxLg} a9\b} uPsf] 5 . To;}n] lbNnLdf /x]sfx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] Ph]08fdf ;xdt sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ Onfdn] ;"of]{bo gu/kflnsfn]
xfnsf] ;/sf/ klg ToxL !@ a'Fb] xf] . s]xL kf6L{x?n] sDo'lgi6sf] ul/Psf] Tof] !@ a'bF ] ;xdlt vf/]h u/fpg g] k fndf lqmofzLn ko{6sLo:yn >LcGt'sf] k|j]z z'Nsnufotsf] cfo>f]t sAhf u/]sf] eGb}
;xdltsf] lg/Gt/tf xf] . !@ a'Fb] cfa/0fdf sDo'lgi6nfO{ g} ;vfk u/]/ g]kfnleq} xfn lqmofzLn cj:yfdf OG8f]klZrdf zlQm k|of;/t /x]sf] la/f]w hgfPsf] 5 . g]skf Onfdsf OGrfh{ df};d / ;lrj gj/fhn] a'waf/
;xdltsf] vf; cy{ )%@ af6 z'? agfpg] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . !@ a'bF ] /x]sf bnx?sf aLrdf gofF ;xdlt b] l vPsf] 5 . OG8f] k lZrdf Ps k|]; la1KtL hf/L ub}{ gu/kflnsfsf] lg0f{osf] la/f]w hgfPsf x'g\ .
ePsf] hgo' 4 sf] la;h{ g / ;xdltsf sf/sdWo]sf sltko g]tfn] ul/g'kg]{ 68\sf/f] cfjZostf b]lvPsf] zlQmsfaLrdf s] x L :jfy{ x ? OGrfh{ df};d / ;lrj gj/fhn] >LcGt' 8fF8f ko{6g ;fd'bflos jg
dfcf] j fbLx?nfO{ klg ;+ ; bjfbL t casf] 8]9 bzsdf g]kfndf 5 . xfn g]sf+ / dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|;lxtsf] aflemPsf sf/0fn] dfq g] k fn pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] jg If]qleq @)&@ df d]rL kxf8L ko{6g k|j4{g ;ldtLdfkm{t\
agfpg] s'/f xf] . h;sf] lgu/fgL sDo'lgi6 gfdwf/L kf6L{g} g/xg] s'/fsf] gf} bnLo ;Qf u7aGwgdf klg hf]luPsf] cj:yf 5 . t/, laut nufgL e} lgdf{0f ePsf] Eo' 6fj/ jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x;Fu s'g} ;dGj gu/L
ef/t / cd]l/sfnufotsf klZrdf k|If]k0f klg ul/;s]sf 5g\ . o;n] Ps?ktf / Pstf /x]sf] 5}g . !& jif{otfsf ultljlwn] g]kfndf Psnf}6L ?kdf 7]Ssf nufP/ cfo>f]t sAhf ug{' ;fd'bflos jgsf] sfo{of]hgf
d'n'sx?n] ug]{ eGg] /x]sf] 5 . )^# pgLx?sf] leqL of]hgfnfO{ klg k|i6 sltko s]jn kbsf nflu dfq /fhgLlts kl/jt{g caZoDefjL aGb} / lgodfjnL lakl/t /x]sf] atfPsf 5g\ .
kl5 zt{;lxtsf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] kfb{5 . To;}n] pgLx? qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ ;f] u7aGwgdf hf]l8Psf 5g\ eg] uPsf] b]vfPsf] 5 . Tof] kl/jt{g pgLx?åf/f hf/L lj1lKtdf pkef]Qmfx?sf] clwsf/ s6f}tL u/L Psnf}6L
lgjf{ r g u/fOof] . vf;df Tof] / g]tfx?sf 3/3/df wfpg klg yfn]sf sltkosf cGt/f{li6«o ldzgx? klg hgu0ftGq jf s'g} klg k|sf/sf] >f]t sAhf u/]sf] ;"of]b{ o gu/kflnsfn] tTsfn 7]Ssf ab/ u/L pkef]Qmf
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgg} lyPg eg] 5g\ . pgLx?sf] d'Vo sfo{ef/ eg]s} /x] s f b] l vG5g\ . xfnsf] ;Qf lg/+s'z zf;gtkm{ cufl8 a9\g] ;ldltnfO{ g} lkmtf{ ug{ cg'/f]w ub}{ pQm cg'/f]wnfO{ a]jf:tf u/] ca}wflgs
x'G5 . lsgls ;+ljwfg;efn] cfkm\gf] g]kfnnfO{ cnu, ynu agfpFb} laefhg u7aGwgdf /x]sfdWo] s]xLsf] k|of; b] l vG5 . olta] n fsf] cj:yfdf tl/sfaf6 p7fO+b} cfPsf] cGt' k|jz] z'Nsd} /f]s nufpg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
k|lqmofcg';f/ :jtGq / lgikIf 9+un] u/fpg' / sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ / zlQmnfO{ g]kfnnfO{ c;+nUg k//fi6« gLltaf6 hgu0ftGq kIfw/ zlQmx?sfaLrdf
;+ l jwfg agfpg kfpg' kb{ 5 . e|li6s/0f ub}{ la36gdf k'¥ofpg' xf] . Ro't u/fP/ cd]l/sL ;}Go ;+u7g klg s]xL e|d / kmf6f]x? /x]sf 5g\ .
To;cy{ d f g] k fndf km] l / sltko sDo'lgi6 ;d"xx?n] )^# sf] g]6f]sf] ;b:o agfpg]df s]lGb|t /x]sf] To;}n] g]kfn of] jf Tof] lg/+sz
' tftkm{
;+ljwfg;efdfkm{t\ hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg kl/jt{gkl5 lg/Gt/?kdf g]kfnL 5 . To;f] ePsf] v08df g]kfn hfg] ;+efjgf /xG5 . ;+;f/df hxfF
agfpg] dfu sfod} /x] s f] 5 . sf+u; ]| ;Fu sfo{ut Pstf ug's{ f] vf; cd]l/sfsf] ;}Go cv8f aGg] ;+efjgf klg sltko b] z x?
Tolta]nf ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ af]sfOPsf sf/0f klg ToxL g} xf] . ;f] x L /xG5 . To;}sf nflu ?;–o'qm]g k|hftGq÷nf]stGq c;kmn x'gf ;fy
zt{x? ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] 3f]lift p2] Z ocg' ; f/ Pdfn] n fO{ ;d] t o'4sfaf/]df g]kfnn] o'qm]gsf] ;dy{g ls t b]z} ;dfKt ePsf] ls eg]
gLltcg';f/sf s'/fx? lyP . g]kfnsf cnuynu agfpg] k|of; ul/Psf] u/]h:tf] u/]/ g]6f]sf] kIfdf /x]sf] nfdf] ;do;Dd lg/+ s ' z tfdf
s]xL sDo'lgi6 ;d"xx?dfkm{t\ tL lyof] . sltko ;d"xn] dfcf]jfb b]vfPsf] 5 . ;+oQ ' m /fi6«;3+ df ePsf] hsl8Psf] b]lvPsf] 5 . h;k|lt
s' / fx? cufl8 ;fl/Psf sf/0f kl/Tofu ul/;s]/ klg cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] dtbfgdf klg g]kfnn] cfk"mnfO{ g]kfnsf hgkIfLo zlQmx? ;hu /
To;nfO{ dxfg\ k|ultzLn s'/fx? klg gfddf pQm zAb hf]8g\ ] sfd ul//x]sf ?;sf] lakIfdf pEofPsf] lyof] . ha ;ts{ x'g cfjZos 5 .
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7]Ssfdf & ca{ #* s/f]8 !! nfv
e'QmfgL eO;s]sf] 5 . t/, sfd eg]
cw'/f] g} 5 . cw'/f 7]Ssfx?sf] ;+Vof
a;]{lg al9/x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] klg
dxfn]vfn] o:tf 7]Ssfx?sf] @ ca{
&% s/f]8 !@ nfv (@ xhf/ ?k}ofF
k]ZsL hdfgt k|flKt tyf &! s/f]8
#* nfv !! xhf/ k" j { l gwf{ l /t
Ifltk" l t{ nufO{ vl/b
;Demf}tfcg';f/ sf/afxL ub}{ lgdf{0f
;DkGg ug{ eg]sf] 5 .
;/sf/L ;+ / rgfx?n] sfg' g
pNn+3g ub}{ vr{ ug]{ / lgodcg';f/
c;'n ug{k' g]{ cfDbfgL gp7fPkl5
Ps cfly{s jif{d} Ps va{ !( ca{
?k} o fF a] ? h' a9] s f] 5 .
k|ltj]bgcg';f/ ut cfly{s jif{df
Ps va{ !( ca{ && s/f]8 &) nfv
?k}ofF a]?h' sfod ePsf] 5 . of];lxt
s'n a]?h' gf} va{ %( ca{ &( s/f]8
& nfv ?k}ofF k'u]sf] 5 . o;dWo]
kfFr va{ *& ca{ ## s/f]8 ($
nfv ?k}ofF cBfjlws ug{k' g]{ a]?h'
xf] eg] tLg va{ &@ ca{ $% s/f]8
!# nfv ?k}ofF sf/afxL u/L tTsfn
6'+uf] nufpg'kg]{ vfnsf] a]?h' xf] .
o; k|ltj]bgnfO{ ljZn]if0f ug]{ xf] eg]
d'n'sdf ljlQo cg'zf;gsf] cj:yf
lgs} sdhf]/ 5 . cy{tGq w/fzoL
eO/x] s f] o; cj:yfdf cfly{ s
cg'zf;gsf] cj:yf sdhf]/ x'g'
cy{tGqsf nflu yk hf]lvdo'Qm b]lvG5 .
ljlQo cg'zf;g dfq} xf]Og, o;n] d'ns
' df
;'zf;gsf] sdhf]/ w/ftnnfO{ ;d]t
phfu/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
gof“ :6s PS;r]Gh / sdf]l86L PS;r]Ghsf] nflu cfj]bg dfu
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8n
{ ]
gofF :6s PS;r]Gh / sdf]l86L
PS;r]Ghsf] nflu ut lalxaf/ Ps
;"rgf hf/L ub}{ gofF :6s PS;r]Gh
/ sdf]l86L PS;r]Ghsf] nflu ;"rgf
hf/L ePsf] !) lbgleq cfj]bg lbg
cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . af]8{n] ut c;f]h
@ ut] g} ;"rgf hf/L u/]/ cfj]bg
dfu u/]sf]df cbfntsf] cfb]z klg
k|lqmof :yug ePsf] lyof] . ;jf]{Rr
cbfntn] o;;DaGwL l/6 vf/]h u/]
kl5 af]8{nfO{ km]l/ cfj]bg v'nfpg]
af6f] v'n]sf] xf] . c;f]h @ ut]sf]
;"rgfdf pNn]lvt zt{cg';f/ g}
cfj]bg lbg af]8{n] cfu|x u/]sf] 5 .
af]8n
{ ] hf/L u/]sf] ;"rgfdf elgPsf]
o;} u /L, dxfn] v f k/LIfssf]
sfof{non] #( j6f a}s + tyf ljQLo
;+:yfn] s/ of]Uo ?kdf /x]sf] @!
ca{ %& s/f]8 *% nfv ?k}ofF cfo
ljj/0fdf gb]vfPsf] k|lta]bgdf
pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . dxfn]vfn] pQm
cfo afkt nfUg] ^ ca{ $& s/f]8
#% nfv s/ 5fgljg u/L c;'n ug{
;/sf/nfO{ lgb]{zg;d]t lbPsf] 5 .
PgPkmcf/P; nfu" ePkl5 g]kfn
/fi6« a}+sn] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
Aofh cfDbfgLnfO{ k|ft] efjL cfwf/ -
Pqm'cn a]l;;_ df n]vf+sg ug'kg]{
Joj:yf u/]sf] lyof] . ;f]xLcg';f/ a}s+
tyf ljQLo ;+ : yfx?sf] Aofh
cfDbfgLsf] n]vf+sg tl/sf kl/jt{g
ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 a}+sx?n]
gp7]sf] Aofh cfDbfgLnfO{ cfo
b]vfP/ s/ ltg{'kg]{df a}+sx?n] s/
glt/]sf] eGb} dxfn]vf k/LIfssf]
sfof{on] k|Zg p7fPsf] xf] . …gubdf
cfwfl/t /x] / Aofh cfDbfgLsf]
n]vf+sg ubf{ a}s + tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
kfs]sf] t/, c;'n x'g afFsL AofhnfO{
g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s]sf] 9fFrf
adf]lhd jf;nftsf] cGo ;Dklt
dxncGtu{ t /xL Aofh d' N taL
vftfdf n]vf+sg ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5,Ú
dxfn]vf k|ltj]bgdf elgPsf] 5,
…o:tf] vftfdf /x]sf] /sd Pqm'cn
a]l;;df n]vf /fVbf cfos/ P]gsf]
bkmf @@-^_ sf] Joj:yf adf]lhd
cfodf ;dfj]z ug{k' g]d { f a}s
+ tyf
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] Aofh d'NtaL
vftfdf /x]sf] /sdnfO{ cfodf
;dfj]z gu/]sf] tyf sd /sd
;dfj]z u/]sf] kfOof] .Ú
!@ jfl0fHo a}s + , !$ ljsf; a}s+
/ !# kmfOgfG;;d]t #( s/bftfn]
n]vf Joj:yfgdf PgPkmcf/P; nfu"
u/]kl5 dfq} Aofh d'NtaL vftfdf
/x]sf] /sdeGbf @! ca{ %& s/f]8
*% nfv cfo ljj/0fdf Go"g b]vfPsf]
dxfn]sf kl/Ifssf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v
5 . pQm /sdnfO{ cfodf ;dfj]z
u/L To;sf] #) k|ltztn] x'g] ^ ca{
$& s/f]8 #% nfv s/ c;'nsf]
nflu 5fglag ug{ dxfn]vf k/LIfssf]
5Ú o; af]8{sf] ldlt @)&(.)^.)@
df k|sflzt ;"rgf adf]lhd lwtf]kq
ahf/ ;+rfngsf nflu ;+ul7t ;+:yf
:yfkgf ug]{ l;kmfl/;sf nflu Pj+
j:t' ljlgdo ahf/ ;+rfng ug{
sDkgL ;+:yfkg ug{ k"j{:jLs[ltsf
nflu lgj]bg lbg OR5's ;+:yfnfO{
$% -k}Qfln;_ lbgsf] ;dofjlw;lxt
;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf]df ;Ddflgt
;jf] { R r cbfntaf6 ldlt
@)&(÷)&÷)$ df hf/L ePsf]
cNksflng cGtl/d cfb]z cg'¿k
af]8{af6 csf]{ lg0f{o gx'Fbf;Ddsf
nflu oyfl:yltdf /fVg] lg0f{o eO{
ldlt @)&(÷)&÷!% df ;"rgf
k|sfzg ul/Psf]df ;Ddflgt ;jf]R{ r
sfof{non] lgb]z
{ g lbPsf] xf] . cfos/
P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf @@ -#_ df
sDkgLn] s/ k|of]hgsf] nflu Pq'mo/n
cfwf/df n]vf+sg ug{'kg]{ Joj:yf
/x]sf] 5 . ;f]xL P]gsf bkmf @$-#_
df a}l+ sª Joj;fosf ;DaGwdf g]kfn
/fi6« a} + s P] g , @)%* tyf
a}+lsª;DaGwL sfg"gsf] cfwf/df
g]kfn /fi6« a}s + n] tf]ss
] f] n]vfÍgnfO{
ljefun] dfGotf lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf
/x]sf] dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] k|ltj]bgdf
pNn]v 5 .
;f] x Lcg' ; f/ g] k fn ljQLo
k|ltj]bgdfg -PgPkmcf/P; @)!*_
nfu" x'ge ' Gbf cufl8 /fi6« a}s + n] hf/L
u/]sf] lgb]{zgcg';f/ a}+sx?n] Aofh
cfDbfgLnfO{ gubsf] cfwf/df n]vf+sg
ub}{ cfPsf lyP . t/, g]kfn n]vfdfg
af]8{af6 hf/L ePsf] g]kfn ljQLo
ljj/0f k|ltj]bg PgPkmcf/P; nfu"
ePkl5 a}+sx?n] g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn]
tf]ss ] f] 9fFrfdf cfDbfgL tyf vr{sf]
lx;fanfO{ k|fb] efjL cfwf/df n]vf+sg
ug{'kg]{ Joj:yf u¥of] . To;eGbf
cufl8sf cfly{s jif{sf k|ltj]bgnfO{
;f]xLcg'¿k k'gn]v { g ug{k' g]{ Joj:yf
nfu" ePsf] 5 . dxfn]vf k/LIfssf]
sfof{ n on] ;fj{ g lhs u/] s f]
k|ltj]bgdf lghL sDkgLx?n] s/df
y'k|} u8a9L u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
h'g o; k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\ –
!= 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nocGtu{tsf
Ps l/kmfOg/L pBf]un] cfly{s
jif{ @)&&÷&* df nfef+zdf
u8a9 u/] s f] b] l vPsf] 5 .
lxtflwsf/Lx?nfO{ ljt/0f ug{
afFsL nfef+z @! s/f]8 e'QmfgL
u/] s f] b] l vG5 . s/ k/LIf0f
k| l tj] b gsf] clu| d s/
s§L;DaGwL ljj/0fdf nfef+z s/
afkt Ps s/f]8 % nfv bflvnf
u/]sf] pNn]v ePsf]df PsLs[t
s/ k|0ffnLsf] KofgjfOh l/kf]6{
k/LIf0f ubf{ %) nfv dfq
bflvnf u/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] gk'u
nfef+z s/ %% nfv Pa+ To;df
nfUg] z'Ns tyf Aofh;d]t c;'n
ug{ dxfn]vfn] eg]sf] 5 .
cbfntsf] ldlt @)&(.!@.@^ sf]
l/6 vf/]hL ePsf] km};nfcg';f/
o;;DaGwL k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg]
af] 8 { s f] lg0f{ o fg' ; f/ ;fljssf]
;"rgfadf]lhd tf]lsPsf] DofbdWo]
afFsL /x]sf] Dofbcg';f/ of] ;"rgf
k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !) -bz_
lbg leq lgj]bg k]z ug{x' g' ;DalGwt
;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu
of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .
lgj]bg lbg] clGtd lbg ;fj{hlgs
ljbf k/]df ;f]sf] nuQ} sfof{no
v'n]sf] lbg sfof{no ;do leq
lgj] b g a' e mfpg ;lsg] 5 . o;
;DaGwdf yk hfgsf/L af] 8 { s f]
j]j;fO6df pknAw ePsf] Joxf]/f
@= of] ljifo 7" n f s/bftf
sfof{nocGtu{ts} xf] . rfprfp,
e'lhof, h';nufot j:t' pTkfbg
ug}{ Ps s/bftfn] cfo jif{
@)&&÷&* df &% s/f]8 @( nfv
nfef+z e'QmfgL u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
o;sf] % k|ltzt nfef+z s/ #
s/j8 &^ nfv bflvnf ug{' kg]d{ f
# s/f]8 !* nfv dfq bflvnf
ul/Psf] 5 . afFsL &^ nfv
p7fpg dxfn]vfn] eg]sf] 5 .
#= 7" n f s/bftfcGtu{ t sf] Ps
xfO8«f]af6 Ps s/f]8 $) nfv,
Ps d]l8sn sn]haf6 ^^ nfv
p7fpg elgPsf] 5 . o;afx]s
cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{ n o
sn+ s Ldf btf{ /x] s f] Ps
OlGhlgol/ª sn]hn] cfo jif{
@)&^÷&& / @)&&÷&* df ;ft
s/f]8 %) nfv nfef+z e'QmfgL
u/]sf] 5 . To;sf] % k|ltzt #&
$ nfv *! xhf/ dfq bflvnf
u/]sf] e]l6Psf] 5 . p;nfO{ #@
nfv ^( xhf/ / Aofh;d]t c;'n
ug{ lgb]z { g lbPsf] 5 .
$= Ps c:ktfnsf] @)&^÷&& df
:jfldTj kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . %)
k|ltzteGbf a9L ;]o/ :jfldTj
kl/jt{g ePkl5 :jfldTj kl/jt{g
k"js{ f] gf]S;fgL Ps ca{ &) s/f]8
*$ nfv s§L gkfpg]df lgoljkl/t
s§L lnPsf] /sd cdfGo u/L sfod
x'g] cfotdf @ s/f]8 && nfv
c;'n ug{ elgPsf] 5 .
%= eb|k/' sf] Ps l;d]G6 pBf]usf] ;]o/
nut clen]vcg';f/ @)&^÷&&
df ;]o/ ;+/rgf ^#=% k|ltzt
kl/jt{g ePsf] b]lvG5 . s/bftfn]
@)&&÷&* df k]; u/]sf] ljQLo
tyf cfo ljj/0fcg';f/ ;f] jif{sf]
s'n gf]S;fgL Ps s/f]8 $& nfv
/x]sf]df :jfldTj kl/jt{gkl5 Tof]
gf]S;fgL ;/]sf]n] To:tf] /sd
cdfGo u/L gf]S;fgL ;dfof]hg
ug{ eg]sf] 5 .
^= 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nocGtu{tsf]
Ps c6f]df]afON; sf/f]af/ ug]{
s/bftfn] of] jif{ 6«8] qm]l86;{
afkt @% s/f]8 #* nfv b]vfPsf]
5 . ;jf/L;fwg cfoft u/L laqmL
ug]{ s/bftfsf] o:tf] 6«8] qm]l86;{
ut jif{ gb]lvPsf]df of] jif{ o:tf]
/sd b]lvPsf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag
u/L cjf:tljs bfloTj lg;u{ u/L
s/ ^ s/f]8 #$ nfv %! xhf/
c;'n ug{ elgPsf] 5 .
pbfx/0f ^= 7" n f s/bftf
sfof{nocGtu{tsf] Ps s/bftfn]
@)&$÷&% df sf/f]af/ gePsf #
j}b]lzs sDkgLnfO{ @& s/f]8 &%
nfv e'QmfgL lbg afFsL b]vfPsf] 5 .
j}b]lzs sDkgLnfO{ sf/f]af/ a]u/ g}
ltg{' kg]{ b]vfPsf] bfloTjsf] ;DaGwdf
yk 5fglag u/]/ % s/f]8 %% nfv
!@ xhf/ s/ lgwf{/0f u/]/ c;'Ng
elgPsf] 5 .
hfgsf/L u/fOG5 .Ú
af]8{n] c;f]h @ ut] ;"rgf hf/L
ub} { :6s PS;r] G h, sdf] l 86L
PS;r]Gh / a|fs ] /sf] nfO;]G;sf] nflu
cfj]bg dfu u/]sf] lyof] . af]8{n]
Pp6f :6s PS;r]Gh / @ j6f
sdf]l86L PS;r]GhnfO{ nfO;]G; lbg]
;" r gfdf hgfPsf] lyof] . t/,
cbnftsf] cfb]zn] k|lqmof :yug
x'Fbf;Dd :6s PS;Rg]h / sdf]l86L
PS;r]Ghsf] nflu cfj]bg k/]sf]
lyPg . ;f]xL sf/0f :6s PS;r]Gh
/ sdf]l86L PS;r]Ghsf] nflu clxn]
km]l/ cfj]bg v'n]sf] xf] . a|f]s/
nfO;]G;sf] nflu eg] $^ sDkgLn]
cfj]bg lbPsf 5g\Au: .
lgIf]k;“u} shf{sf] Aofhb/ 36\of]
sf7df8f}F . a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] lgIf]k;Fu} shf{sf] Aofhb/ ;d]t
36fPsf 5g\ . a}zfv ! ut]b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n]
lgIf]k tyf shf{sf] Aofhb/ 36fPsf x'g\ . lgIf]ksf] Aofhb/ g]kfn a}+s;{
;+3 / 8]enkd]G6 a}+s;{ Pzf]l;P;gn] a'waf/ u/]sf] lg0ff{osf cfwf/df
36fOPsf] xf] . jfl0fHo a}+sx?n] JolQmut d'2tL lgIf]ksf] Aofhb/ (=((
k|ltzt / ;+:yfutsf] &=(( k|ltzt sfod u/]sf 5g\ . sn l8kf]lh6sf]
Aofhb/ @=&) k|ltzt sfod ul/Psf] 5 eg] art vftfsf] Aofhb/ %=(%
b]lv &=$) k|ltzt;Dd sfod ul/Psf] 5 . jfl0fHo a}s + x?n] ljleGg vfnsf]
shf{sf] Aofhb/ klg 36fP/ k|sflzt u/]sf 5g\ . kmfu'gsf] cfwf/b/ s]xL
sd ePsf sf/0f shf{sf] Aofhb/df ;d]t k|efj k/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . r}tsf
nflu k|sflzt ljleGg vfnsf shf{x?sf] Aofhb/sf] t'ngfdf a}zfv !
ut]b]lv nfu" x'g] shf{sf] Aofhb/ ! k|ltzt ljGb"n] 36]sf] xf] .
pbfx/0fsf nflu ;flgdf a}s + nfO{ lng ;lsG5 . of] a}s+ n] lglZrt cjlwsf]
shf{sf] lkmS:8 /]6 ! k|ltzt ljGb"n] 36fPsf] 5 . !# dlxgf;Ddsf] shf{sf]
Aofhb/ r}tdf !$ k|ltzt /x]sf]df a}zfvsf nflu !# k|ltzt sfod
ul/Psf] 5 . !# b]lv @$ dlxgf, @$ b]lv #^ dlxgf tyf #^ dlxgfeGbf
dfly cjlwsf shf{sf] Aofhb/ klg ! k|ltzt ljGb"n] g} 36fOPsf] 5 .
df3df !)=*% k|ltzt /x]sf] of] a}+ssf] cfwf/b/ kmfu'gdf eg] s]xL 36L
!)=&^ k|ltztdf ;Lldt ePsf] b]lvG5 . Pe/]i6 a}+ssf] cfwf/ b/ eg]
kmfu'gdf a9]sf] 5 . df3df (=*^ k|ltzt /x]sf] cfwf/ b/ a9]/ kmfu'gdf
!)=)* k|ltzt k'u]sf] xf] . Pe/]i6 a}+sn] eg] nf]gsf] Aofhb/ r}tsf]
t'ngfdf 36fPsf] 5}g . lxdfnog a}+sn] lgIf]ksf] Aofhb/ PglaPsf]
lg0f{ocg';f/ 36fP klg shf{sf] Aofhb/ eg] oyfjt /flvPsf] hgfPsf] 5 .
df5fk'R5|] a}s
+ , PgPdaL a}s
+ , gjLn, k|e," k|fOd sdl;{onnufotsf clwsf+z
jfl0fHo a}s
+ x?n] lgIf]ksf] Aofhb/ 36fP klg nf]gsf] eg] oyfjt\ /fv]sf 5g\ .
;g/fOh a}s + sf] cfwf/ b/ df3sf] t'ngfdf kmfu'gdf a9]sf] 5 . df3df !!=$(
k|ltzt /x]sf] cfwf/ b/ a9]/ kmfu'gdf !!=%@ k|ltzt k'us ] f] xf] . :6\of088{
rf6{8{ a}s
+ sf] cfwf/ b/ kmfu'gdf (=$^ k|ltzt sfod ePsf] 5 .
ljb]zL ljlgdo ;l~rlt !$ va{ Ps ca{
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] cfly{s jif{ @)&(–*)sf] kmfu'g;Dddf
s'n ljb]zL ljlgdo ;l~rlt ;'ljwfhgs l:yltdf /x]sf]n] afXo If]q ;'b9[
ePsf] hgfPsf] 5 . s]Gb|Lo a}s+ n] b]zsf] jt{dfg cly{s tyf ljQLo l:yltaf/]
Ps k|]z lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ cl3Nnf] jif{sf] t'ngfdf rfn' vftf 3f6fdf
pNn]Vo ;'wf/ ePsf] hgfPsf] xf] . s]Gb|Lo a}+sn] b]zsf] jt{dfg cly{s tyf
ljQLo l:yltaf/] Ps k|]; lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ @)&( c;f/ d;fGtdf !@ va{
!% ca{ *) s/f]8 ?k}ofF a/fa/ /x]sf] s'n ljb]zL ljlgdo ;l~rlt !%=@)
k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ @)&( kmfu'g d;fGtdf !$ va{ ! ca{ @! s/f]8 ?k}ofF
k'u]sf] 5 . cd]l/sL 8n/df o:tf] ;l~rlt @)&( c;f/ d;fGtdf ( ca{
%$ s/f]8 /x]sf]df @)&( kmfu'g d;fGtdf !@=!) k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ !)
ca{ ^( s/f]8 sfod ePsf] 5 . pQm ljb]zL ljlgdo ;l~rltn] !)=(
dlxgfsf] j:t' cfoft / (=$ dlxgfsf] j:t' tyf ;]jf cfoft wfGg kof{Kt
/xg] b]lvPsf] a}+sn] hfgfPsf] 5 .
ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 h8fg ;':t
sf7df8f}+F . oftfoft Joj:yf ljefun] @% nfv ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 h8fg
ug{k' g]{ 5 . t/ xfn;Dd $% xhf/ xf/fxf/L dfq} k'us ] f] 5 . kl5Nnf] ;do
ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 h8fg ug]s { f] ;+Vof 36]sf] 5 . lbgdf a9Ldf @) j6f
;jf/L x'g] u/]sf] ljefusf] egfO 5 . ljefun] xfn;Dd !! xhf/ @ ;o !)
j6f ;fgf–7"nf ;/sf/L uf8Ldf ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 h8fg ul/Psf] hgfPsf]
5 . h;cGtu{t jfUdtL k|bz ] df $ xhf/ # ;o ** b'O{ kfª\u,]| % xhf/ @ ;o
@^ rf/ kfª\u]| Kof;]Gh/ ;jf/L / @ ;o ^^ x]eL ;jf/Ldf ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6
h8fg ul/Psf] 5 . ljefusf cg';f/ u08sL k|bz ] df ! ;o #) ;/sf/L rf/
kfª\u]| Kof;]Gh/ ;jf/Ldf h8fg ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy}, !$ j6f ;/sf/L x]eL ;jf/L
/ %%* j6f b'O{ kfª\u]| ;jf/Ldf h8fg ePsf] ljefun] hgfPsf] 5 . n'lDagLdf
!#* j6f rf/ kfª\u]| Kof;]Gh/ ;jf/Ldf ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 h8fg ul/Psf]
ljefusf] tYof+sdf 5 . pQm k|bz ] df /x]sf & j6f x]eL / $*# j6f b'O{ kfª\u]|
;/sf/L uf8Ldf ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 h8fg ul/Psf] 5 . ljefusf cg';f/
7]Ssf ePb]lv clxn];Dd ^ jif{sf] cjlwdf s'n $% xhf/ * ;o &# ;jf/L
;fwgdf dfq ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 h8fg ePsf] 5 .
ljefusf ;"rgf clwsf/L O{Zj/L bQ kg]?n] cfk"mx?;Fu o;/L ODaf]:8
gDa/ Kn]6 h8fg gug]{ ;jf/LnfO{ sf/jfxL ug]{ s'g} klg Joj:yf g/x]sf]
atfP . pgn] o;/L ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 h8fg ug{ ljefun] sfg'gsf 6]s]/
lgb]{zg lbg] dfq clwsf/ /x]sf] atfpF5g\ . …of] ;/sf/L xf];\ of lghL s'g}
klg ;jf/LnfO{ ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 h8fg gu/]sf] eg]/ sf/jfxL ug{ xfdL
;Sb}gf},+ Ú pgn] eg], …xfd|f] P]gsf] Joj:yfdf ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 h8fg
gug]{nfO{ To:tf] s'g} klg sf/jfxL ug]{ s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5}g\ .Ú
o;}u/L, lghL ;jf/Lsf] xsdf xfn;Dd ljefun] s'g} k|sf/sf] lg0f{o
gu/]sf] klg kg]?sf] egfO 5 . ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6df /f]dg dfq} n]Vb}
cfPsf]df ca b]jgfu/L lnlkdf klg n]vfpg kfpg] Joj:yf ;/sf/n] ub}5 { .
ljefun] ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 nfu" ug]{ lg0f{o;Fu} z'Ns rsf]{ /fVof] h;sf
sf/0f ;jf/L k|of]ustf{nfO{ o;n] cfslif{t ug{ ;s]g . lghL ;jf/L k|of]ustf{n]
ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 /fVg ?lr gb]vfPkl5 ;'?df ;a} ;/sf/L uf8Ldf h8fg
ul/;Sg] gLlt lnOof] . ;/sf/L uf8L slt 5g\ eGg] PsLs[t tYof+s g} gx'bF f
eg] ca sltj6fdf gDa/ Kn]6 h8fg ug{'k5{ eGg]df ljefu a]va/ 5 .
ljefu lgb]z { s /fdrGb| kf}8n] sf cg';f/ ;/sf/L uf8Lsf] PsLs[t tYof+s g}
gePsf] ljefun] aNn yfxf kfPsf] 5 . pgsf cg';f/ ca slt ;/sf/L
uf8Ldf ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 h8fg ug{ afFsL 5 eGg] olsg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
…;a} ;/sf/L uf8Ldf ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 h8fg ug]{ gLlt xf],Ú pgn] eg],
…t/, ;/sf/L uf8L slt 5g\ eg]/ olsg tYof+s g} 5}g .Ú ljefun] lgb]{zg
lbP/ ;a} ;/sf/L uf8Ldf ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 h8fg ug]{ of]hgf agfPsf]
lyof] . …t/ ;/sf/L uf8Lsf] olsg tYof+s gePkl5 xfdL;Fu hlt h8fg ug{
cfP pgLx?sf] dfq /]s8{ 5,Ú pgn] eg] .
o;}u/L, dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{nosf] sfof{nosf k|jQmf ufoqL/d0f vgfn
klg cfk"mx?;Fu ;/sf/L ;jf/L;fwgsf] PsLs[t olsg tYof+s gePsf] atfpF5g\ .
dxfn]vfn] pQm tYof+s g/fv]sf] pgn] atfP . …xfdLn] o;sf nflu k|lqmof
cufl8 a9fPsf 5f},+ Ú pgn] eg] . ljefun] ut d+l;/df g} ;"rgf hf/L u/]/
kmfu'g;Dd ;a} ;/sf/L uf8Ldf ODaf]:8 h8fg ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof] .
ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfnosf] sflQs @* ut]sf] a}7sn]
;+rfng /x]sf ;a} ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf uf8Ldf kmfu'g;Dd ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6
h8fg ul/;Sg'kg]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . To;kl5 ;jf/L k|of]ustf{ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{
ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 h8fg clgjfo{ ug]{ of]hgf ljefusf] lyof] . ;/sf/L uf8Ln]
clgjfo{ ?kdf ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 h8fg ug]{ ;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf
P]g, @)$( sf] cg';r " L–@ cg';f/ lg0f{o ePsf] lyof] .
 @)*) ;fn j}zfv # ut] cfOtaf/
j}1flgs l:6kmg xlsª k|/] 0ffsf ;|ft]
l:6kmgn] cfˆgf] zf] w
sfo{ q mdx?df h' g ljVoft
j}1flgsx?sf ;"q, lgisif{ tyf
l;4fGtx?nfO{ cfwf/ agfP tL
ljåfg\x?nfO{ l:6kmg cfˆgf] k|/] 0ffsf]
;|f]t dfG5g\ . ltg} j}1flgsx?dWo]
s]xL j}1flgsx? lgDg 5g\ .
cNa6{ cfOG;6fOg M blIf0f
hd{gLdf cjl:yt pNd gfds zx/df
;g\ !*&( dfr{+ !$ df cNa6{
cfOG;6fOgsf] hGd ePsf] lyof] .
hGdFbf pgsf] 6fpsf] 7"nf] tyf
xftv'§f ;fgf lyP . elGfG5, pgL
hGdFbf /f]Psf ;d]t lyPgg\ . g/f]Ps}
sf/0f dflg;x? pgsf] hLjg–
zlQmnfO{ lnP/ lrlGtt lyP . pgsf]
a'af x/dg ufpFufpF 3'Db} lah'nLsf
;fgf–ltgf ;fdfgx? a]Rg] ub{y] .
cfDbfgLsf] /fd|f] ;|f]t gePsf sf/0f
pgsf] kl/jf/sf] cfly{ s l:ylt
cToGt} gfh's lyof] . pgsL cfdf
kfplng aRrfx?nfO{ k9fpg] sfd
uly{g\ . $ jif{sf] pd]/ x'bF f;Dd pgL
af]Ng ;Sb}g lyP . kl5 k9fO{df klg
cToGt} sdhf]/ lyP . ;g\ !*(%
df ha pgn] kf]ln6]lSgs k/LIffsf
nflu cfj]bg lbP, pgL cof]Uo 3f]lift
eP . Ps jif{sf] d]xgtkZrft\ aNNf
pgn] kf]ln6]]lSgsdf k|j]z kfPsf
lyP . ;g\ !()! df pgn] l8Knf]df
l;WofP . hLjgsf] x/]s df]8df
cof]Uo 3f]lift ePsf pgn] cfk"mn]
cfkm}FnfO{ eg] cof]Uo dfg]gg\ . kl5
pgn] l:j; k]6G] 6 cflkm;df sfd
ug{ ;'? u/] . vfnL ;dodf pgn]
;fKf]Iftfsf] l;4fGtdfly sfd ug{ ;'?
u/] . @^ jif{sf] pd]/ x'bF f ;g\ !()%
df pgn] ;fk]Iftf l;4fGtsf cfˆgf
ltgj6f lgodx? k|:t't u/] . h;dWo]
;fk]lIfstfsf] ljlzi6 l;4fGt k|d'v
lyof] . lgisif{ k|:t't ug{] ljlQs}
ef}lts lj1fgsf] If]qdf xnrn
dlRrof] . pgn] @)) jif{ k'/fgf]
Go'6gsf] l;4fGtnfO{ unt k|dfl0ft
u/]sf lyP . …/f]on ;f;fO{6LÚn] pgsf
lgisif{x?nfO{ k|dfl0ft dfGof] . ;g\
!(@! df pgn] ef}lts lj1fgsf]
gf]an k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/] . pgn] E=
Mc2 h:tf] ljZjljVoft ;"q vf]hs ] f
lyP . h;df E eg]sf] phf{, M
eg]sf] b|Aodfg / C eg]sf] k|sfzsf]
j]u xf] . l:6kmg xlsªn]] cfˆgf] rlr{t
k':ts æP a|Lkm lx:6«L ckm 6fOdÆ
df oxL ;'qsf] dfq} pNNf]v u/sf
5g\ . k|sfzsn] pgnfO{ ;'q g/fVg'
eg]sf lyP t/ pgn] of] z'qnfO{
n]Vgaf6 cfk"mnfO{ /f]Sg ;s]gg\ .
cNa6{ cfOG:6fOg ;g\ !(## df
aln{g ljZjljBfnosf k|fk] m];/ lyP .
elgG5, pgL cd]l/sf uPsf] df}sf
kf/] / hd{ g tfgfzfx lx6n/n]
cNa6{sf] hd{gdf ePsf] ;Dklt
hkmt u/]sf lyP . To;sf] sf/0f
eg]sf] cNa6{ ox"bL lyP . lx6n/
ox"bLnfO{ 3[0ff uy{] . cNa6{nfO{
k|fk] m];/ kbaf6 klg x6fO{Psf] lyof] .
kl5 cd]l/sfdf pgsf] nflu Pp6f
gofF ;+:yf vf]lnof] / pgnfO{ lgb{z ] s
agfOof] .
cNa6{ cfOG:6fOGf k/df0f' o'4sf]
lj/f]wL lyP . pgsf] egfO{df k/df0f'
zlQmsf] pkof]u dfgj sNof0fsf] nflu
x'gk' 5{ eGg] lyof] . låtLo ljZjo'4
;dfKt ePkl5 ha Oh/fOn /fHosf]
:yfkgf eof] ta pgnfO{ ToxFfsf]
/fi6«klt aGg] k|:tfj ul/Psf] lyof] .
h;nfO{ pgn] cfk"m j}1flgs ePsf]
/ ;dfh ;DxfNg] cfk"mnfO{ 1fg
5
dflg;sf] klg 8fogf];/sf] h:t} xljut t x'g] xf]Og <
gePsf] eGb} To; k|:tfjnfO{ c:jLsf/ hldgdf v;] . o;/L c/:t' s f] elgG5, 3/d} ghaGb /x]sf] a]nfdf
gj/fh e§
clxn] dfgj hflt hnjfo' kl/jt{g, k/df0f' o'4, dxfdf/L cyjf k[YjLdf pNsf
lk08 v:g]h:tf Hofg hfg] 3fts vt/fx?sf] ;fdgf ul//x]sf] 5 . /]l8of] k|;f/0fstf{
ul/lbPsf lyP . ;g\ !* clk|n !(%% l;4fGt unt eof] . c/:t'sf] egfO{ pgL cGwf;d]t ePsf lyP . ;g\ tyf bfz{lgs 8]le8 P8dG8:n] of] ljifodf ljz]if1x?;Fu s'/fsfgL u/]/ of] ztfAbLsf]
df lk|G:6g, Go"h;L{df cNa6{sf] lgwg lyof], ef/L uf]nf xNsf uf]nfeGbf l56f] !^$@ df pgsf] d[To' eof] . pgsf] cGTo;Dd dflg;sf] cl:tTj g} d]l6g] t xf]Og eGg] ljifodf hfGg] k|of; u/]sf 5g\ .
eof] . pgLåf/f :yflkt ;fk]Iftfsf] e'O{df v:g]5 . Uoflnlnof]n] Pp6f d[To' ePsf] #)) jif{kl5 l:6kmg ;a}eGbf 7"nf] vt/f s] xf] Û
l;4fGtnfO{ g} l:6kmgn] cufl8 b'/lag oGq agfPsf lyP, h;n] xlsªsf] hGdePsf] lyof] . cGtl/Ifsf] cS;kmf]8s { f Xo'Doflgl6h OlG:6Ro"6 -dfgljsL ;+:yfg_ ;Fu hf]l8Psf zf]wstf{
a9fPsf lyP . To;}n] dflg;x? 6f9fsf] a:T'fnfO{ tLg u'0ff 7"nf] ;DaGwdf l:6kmgn] h'g k|Zg p7fP PG8;{ :of08ju{sf cg';f/, …dfgj hflt;fd' n'Kt x'g] o:tf] vt/f 5, h;n] k'/}
pgnfO{ cNa6{ cfOG:6fOgsf] b]VYof] . kl5 pgn] Pp6f o:tf] oGq Tof] Uoflnlnof]åf/f klxNo} p7fOPsf] sxfgL vQd ul/lbg]5 .Ú la;f}+ ztfAbL;Dd xfdL lgs} ;'/lIft :yfgdf /lx/x]sf]
pQ/flwsf/L dfGg] u5{g\ . Ps k6s klg agfPsf lyP h;af6 s'g} lyof] . elGfG5, Uoflnlnof] dg'ion] of] ;f]Rg} ub{Yof}+ t/ ca of] l:ylt l7s ablnPsf] 5 . dfgj hfltsf] n'Kt x'g] vt/f,
a:Tf'nfO{ #@ u'0ff 7"nf] b]lvGYof] . ljZjk|0ffnL s;/L rN5 eg]/ a'em\g] lrGtfhgs ?kdf cem w]/} / ljleGg k|sf/af6 al9/x]sf] 5 . o;sf s]xL pbfx/0f
oxLoGqsf] dfWodaf6 pgn] u|x tyf cfzf ug{ ;S5 eGg] ts{ lbg] klxnf] lng ;lsG5 .
tf/fx? dfly k|sfz kf/] . cfsfz JolQm lYfP . To;} n ] Uoflnlnof] pNsf lk08 k[YjLdf v:g] ;Defjgf
u+uf tf/fx?sf] vf]h, rGb|dfdf pa8– l:6kmgsf k|/] 0ffsf ;|ft] x'g elGfG5 . ;g\ !(*) sf] bzs;Dd xfdLnfO{{ s] nfUYof] eg] cfsfzaf6 v:g] pNsf
vfj8 ePsf] vf]h, a[x:klt u|xsf ;/ cfOHofs Go' 6 g M ;g\ lk08sf] sf/0f k[YjLdf s'g} dxfljgfz cfpFbg} . t/ oxL bzsdf j}1flgs n'O; /
rf/}lt/ rGb|df h:tf u|xx? 5g\ eGg] !^$@ df Uoflnlnof]sf] d[To' ePs} jfN6/ Pjf/]h -afa'–5f]/f_ n] pNsf lk08sf] sf/0fn] g} 8fogf];/sf] cl:tTj d]l6Psf]
vf]hh:Tf pgn] cg]s dxTjk"0f{ jif{ ;/ cfOHofs Go"6gsf] hGd ePsf] cjwf/0ff /fv]sf 5g\ . ha d]lS;sf]sf] o"s6fg vf8Ldf Pp6f 7"nf] vf8nsf] kQf
vf]hx? u/] . pgn] lgsfn]sf] ;a}eGbf lyof] . Go' hGdg'eGbf klxNo} pgsf] nfUof], o;kl5 j}1flgsx?sf] Ps cGt/f{l{ i6«o Kofgnn] klg of] ljrf/sf] ;dy{g
7"nf] lgisif{ eg]sf] ;"o{ l:y/ 5 / a'jfsf] d[To' eO;s]sf] lyof] . kl5 u/]sf 5g\ . t/ pNsf lk08 k[YjLdf v;]/ ljgfzsf] ;Defjgf eg] clxn] 6f9fs} s'/f
k[YjLn] To;sf] rf/}lt/ rSs/ nufpF5 pgsL cfdfn] klg bf];f| ] ljjfx ul/g\ . xf] lsgls Tof]eGbf w]/} vt/f dfgj hflt g} l;h{gf ul//x]sf] 5 .
eGg] xf] . To;}n] pgsf] nfng–kfng pgsL hg;+Vofsf] cltj[l4, ;|f]tsf] Ifo / hnjfo' kl/jt{g
hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 cfpg] vt/faf6 xfdLx? kl/lrt 5f}+ t/ n08g
ldng cfkmGt pgn] ;"od{ f bfu ePsf] klg b]v] .
nfdf] vf]hlag kl5 pgn] ;"od{ f ePsf]
xh'/cfdfn] u/]sL lyOg . pgnfO{ k9\g]
;'ljwf k|fKt ePg . pgn] l9nf]] :s'n ljZjljBfnosL zf]wstf{ Sofl/g s'Nx]dgn] hg;+Vof j[l4df cfˆgf] wf/0ff /fv]sL
l5g\ . 36\bf] qmddf /x]sf] k|fs[lts ;+;fwg klg clxn] lrGtfsf] ljifo alg/x]sf]
l:6kmgnfO{ ;f]lwPsf] lyof], æolb pQm bfu olt 7"nf] ePsf] lgisif{ k9], pgsL xh'/cfdf pgnfO{ ;kmn 5 . Sofl/gsf cg';f/, cGo lrhx?n] ubf{ hg;+Vof ;fd"lxs lrxfgdf ;dflw:y
tkfO{nfO{ cNa6{ cfOG;6fOg;Fu s'/f lgsfNg], Tolt 7"nf] cfsf/sf] s'g} rLh ls;fg agfpg rfxlGyg\ t/ pgsf] x'g;S5 . To;}u/L hnjfo' kl/jt{g / hg;+Vof j[l4 klg Pscfk;df ;DalGwt
ug{] cj;/ ldNof] eg] tkfO{+ s] ;f]Wg k[YjLdf slxNo} klg ePg . pgn] …;"o{ ?lr k|sl[ tsf /x:ox?nfO{ ts{k0" f{ 5g\ . …hg;+Vof j[l4sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{gdf ljz]if c;/ kb{5 lsgls ;+;fwg vQd
rfxg'xg' 5] Æ Û l:6kmgn] pQ/ lyof], bfux?dfly kqÚ gfd k':ts ;d]t tl/sfn] ;'Nemfpgdf a9L lyof] . !( eO/x]sf] 5 / To;sf] bf]xg eg] al9/x]sf] 5, h;n] ubf{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] l:ylt
…d pgL;Fu tkfO{n] …ANofs xf]nÚ dfly k|sflzt u/] . pgn] ;"os { f] af/]df o:tf] jif{sf] pd]/df pgL SoflDa|h k'u] . eofjx alg/x]sf] 5Ú, pgL elG5g\ . olb hg;+Vof j[l4 /f]lsP klg hnjfo' kl/jt{g
ljZjf; lsg ug{e ' Pg eg]/ ;f]Wg]5' .Ú eGg' To;a]nf dfGotf lj?4 lyof] . To;a]nf ;Dd pgnfO{ a'l4dfg /f]Sg ca c;Dej sfdh:t} ePsf] pgL atfpFl5g\ . .
Uoflnlnof] M Uoflnlnof]sf] hGd To;}n] Sofyf]lns rr{sf] ;fydf pgn] ljBfyL{sf] ?kdf lrlgg yfln;lsPsf] h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ljgfz
;g\ !%%$ df O6nL -lk;f_ df ePsf] ljjfb a9\of] . k':ts n]vs ] f] tLg lyof] . Ps lbg pgL au} F r fdf s]xL zf]wstf{x? eG5g\ ls of] ztfAbLsf] dWo;Dd Joj;flos ?kdf df5f
lyof] . ToxL jif{ z]S;lko/sf] klg xKtfkl5 g} Sofyf]lns rr{åf/f 6xln/x]sf lyP . pgn] Pp6f :ofp ;dfpg] pBf]usf nflu klg ;d'bd| f kof{Kt df5f aRg] 5}g . o;sf] dtna k;ndf
hGd ePsf] lyof] . Uoflnlnof] To;dfly k|ltjGw nufOof] . :f"oh { :tf] hldgdf vl;/x]sf] b]v] . o; 36gfn] lsGgsf nflu df5f, lrK; / lkmz s/L klg ldNg] 5}g . ls/f–km6\ofË|f klg b|t"
cfw' l gs lj1fgsf] nflu a9L :juL{o kbfy{dfly sn+ssf] 3f]if0ff tyf pgsf] dgdf lh1f;f hfUof] . pgnfO{ ultdf n'Kt eO/x]sf 5g\, of];uF } lrl8of3/df /x]sf] sof}+ ls:;f klg vQd
pQ/bfoL 5g\ . pgnfO{ ;'?b]lv g} k[YjLsf] dxTjnfO{ sd cfFSg' rr{nfO{ nfUof] æof] :ofp t/ g} lsg v:of] Û eO/x]sf 5g\ lsgls pgLx?sf] ef]hg tL ls/fx? x'g,\ hf] ca cl:tTjdf 5}gg\ .
sf]k/lgs;sf] l;4fGtdfly ljZjf; kfRo ePg . Uoflnnof]sf nflu pQm dfly lt/ lsg uPg ÛÆ ulx/f];uF vf]h Sofl/g elG5g\ ls vQd eO/x]sf] h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] / eofgs c;/
lyof] . @^ jif{sf] pd]/df pgL lk;f 3f] i f0ffn] cfkt Nofof] . pgsf] ub{} hfFbf pgnfO{ k[YjLdf s'g o:tf] dfgj hfltdf g} kg]{ b]lvG5 .
ljZjljBfnosf ul0ft k|f]km];/sf] ljrf/nfO{ em'7f] 7x¥ofOof] . em'7f] an 5 h;n] j:t'nfO{ cfk"mlt/ tfG5 dxfdf/L
?kdf lgo'Qm ePsf lyP . pgn] ljrf/ km}nfPsf] cf/f]k nufpFb} pgnfO{ eGg] cg'ej eof] . o;}nfO{ pgn] SoflDa|h ljZjljBfnosf] ;]G6/ km/ PS;G6]lzon l/:sdf sfd ug]{ nlnyf
c/:T' f sf lgodx?nfO{ ljleGg 3/d} } Gfh/aGb ul/of] . rr{ n ] u'?Tjfsif{0fsf] l;4fGt eg] . o; ;'Gb/d h}ljs vt/fsf] cWoog ul//x]sL l5g\ . pgL elG5g\, …;g\ !(!* df
k|of]ux?åf/f hfFrs ] f lyP . Ps k6s sf]klg{s;sf cfjwf/0ffx?nfO{ ;d]t l;4fGtsf] ;fy} pgn] ;+;f/nfO{ ultsf] :k]gdf ˆn"sf] dxfdf/Lsf] bf}/fg Ps cg'dfgsf cg';f/, em08} cfwf hg;+Vof
pgL kL;fsf] cUnf] :yfgdf uP / k|ltjlGwt ul/lbof] . Uoflnlnof]nfO{ lgod klg lbP . pgn] k|sfz;DaGwL o;sf] rk]6fdf cfPsf lyP / o;af6 ^ b]lv !) s/f]8 dflg;n] Hofg u'dfPsf
ToxfFaf6 Pp6f xftn] ef/L jhgsf] sf] k lg{ s ;sf cjwf/0ffx? dfly l;4fGt vf]h] / klxnf] k/fjlt{t b'/ljg lyP .Ú ha 7"nf] ;+Vofdf lj:yfkg x'G5 ta dxfdf/L x'g] ub{5 .
wft'sf] uf]nf tyf csf]{ xftn] xn'sf ljZjf; gug{ tyf ltgsf] arfp gug{ agfP . To:t} lj1fgsf] Pp6f zfvfsf] dflg;af6} vt/f
jhgsf] wft'sf] uf]nf Ps} ;fy tn cfb]z lbOof] . Uuflnlnof]n] grfxFbf– ?kdf pgn] s}ns'n; vf]h] . elGfG5, dfgj lgld{t ljgfzsf] vt/fsf] kl5 s'g} p2]Zo x'bF g} . t/, lj1fg / k|ljlwsf]
ˆofF s ] . b' j } uf] n fx? Ps} ;fy grfxFb} pQm cfb]z dfGg' k¥of] . pgL v'zL b]lvb}g lyP . cGo ljåfg\x? o'udf ljgfzsf/L xdnfsf] ;Defjgf al9/x]sf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu -l;Gy]l6s
afof]nf]hL_ s[lqd hLjlj1fgsf] k|of]u ul//x]sf] Nofa -k|of]uzfnf_ df k|f0f3fts
h:t} pgL klg ;w}F plNem/x]sf x'Gy] . efO/; agfOG5 . ˆo"r/ ckm nfO{km OlG:6Ro"6sf zf]wstf{ lkmn 6f]/; ] sf cg';f/,
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olb ;a}s/' f gi6 ug]{ ljgfzsf/L a6g -:jLr_ x'GYof] eg] klg To:tf JolQmsf] sdL
5}g, hf] Tof] a6g bafpg rfxG5 . Tof] a6g bafpg] wfld{s s§/kGyL x'g;S5, hf]
sf7df8f}F . cfly{s¿kdf ;Í6u|:t >LnÍfn] rLgdf Ps nfv;Dd nf]kf]Gd'v Mathematica)' gfds k':ts of] dfG5g\ ls pgLx?nfO{{ eujfgn] b'lgofFsf] gi6 ug]{ cfb]z ldn]sf] 5 tfls
afFb/ lgof{t ug]a{ f/] ljrf/ ul//x]sf] s[lifdGqLn] a'waf/ atfPsf 5g\ . nf]kf]Gd'v k|sflzt u/] . To;kl5 ;fj{hflgs p;nfO{{ arfpg ;lsof];\ . h:t} hfkfgdf ePsf] lyof] . lkmnsf cg';f/, o:tf
afFb/ -6f]s dsfs_ >LnÍfdf k|z:t ¿kdf kfOG5 t/ o;nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o k|sl[ t ?kdf Voflt kfP . To; k':tsnfO{ dflg;;Fu klg vt/f 5, hf] dfgjhfltsf] ljgfznfO{{ lnP/ cfˆgf] cfˆgf] sf/0faf6
;+/If0f ;‹ -cfO{o; " LPg_ n] ;Í6fkGg jGo hGt'sf] ¿kdf juL{st[ u/]sf] 5 . e}flts lj1fgsf] ;a}eGbf k|efjzfnL cfkm}F k|l] /t x'G5g\ . h:t} ;fj{hlgs :yfgx?df cGwfw'Gw uf]nLaf/L ug]x{ ? . o:tf
>LnÍfn] nueu ;a} hLljt hgfj/x¿sf] lgof{tdf k|ltaGw nufPsf] 5 . b]z k':ts dflgof] . pgnO{ æ/f]on JolQmx? ;fj{hlgs / lghL :t/df ;a}nfO{{ ;dfKt kfg]{ dgzfosf x'G5g\ . t/,
:jtGq ePkl5 ;a}eGbf v/fa cfly{s ;Í6sf] ;fdgf ul//x]sf] of] PlzofnL ;f];fO6LÆsf] cWoIf lgo'Qm ul/of] . o:tf JolQmx?sf] ;+Vof slt xf]nf Û Ps cg'dfgsf cg';f/, of] ;do ljZjdf
Go'6g ægfO{6Æ sf] pkflwåf/f lje"lift ;fOsf]Kofy -dfgl;s /f]uL_ JolQmsf] ;+Vof #) s/f]8 x'g;S5 . o;dWo] s]xL JolQm
d'ns ' n] k|:tfljt laqmLaf6 sdhf]/ cy{tGqdf of]ubfg x'g] atfPsf] 5 . laqmLsf] x'g] klxnf] j}1flgs lyP . s]xL cfddflg;sf nflu vt/f aGg ;S5g\˜ .
k|:tfj ;fj{hlgs ul/P klg afFb/nfO{ slt d"No lnP/ lbg]eGg] cfly{s ljj/0f dflg;x?n] pgsf] cfnf]rgf klg u/] . k/df0f' o'4
eg] pknAw u/fOPsf] 5}g . pgLx?sf] egfO{df Go'6gsf] u'?Tjfsif{0f k/df0f' o'4n] xfdLnfO{{ k"/} ;dfKt ug{ ;Sb}g t/ o;sf] c;/n] xfdLnfO{{
…pgLx¿n] rLgdf /x]sf Ps xhf/eGbf a9L lrl8ofvfgfsf nflu afFb/ l;4fGtn] a|XDf08nfO{ lghL{j tyf ;dfKt ul/lbG5 . Unf]an Sof6f]:6«fl] kms l/:s OlG:6Ro"6sf ;]y afdsf cg';f/,
rfx]sf 5g\Ú s[lifdGqL dlxGbf cd/jL/fn] PPkmkL;Fu eg], d}n] cg'/f]wsf] ;'Vvf agfO{ lbPsf] lyof] . o; k/df0f' lj:kmf]6sf] w'nf] jfo'd08ndf lgs} dfly;Dd hfg;S5 . Tof] w'nf] bzsf}; + Dd
cWoog ug{ / xfdL of] s;/L ug{ ;S5f}+ eg]/ x]g{ Ps ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] cfnf]rgfdf Go'6gsf] k|ltlqmof lyof] jfo'd08ndf al;/xG5 / ;"os { f] k|sfz klg /f]Sg ;S5 . k/df0f' o'4sf sf/0f
5' .Ú afFb/n] s[lifafnLnfO{ Iflt k'¥ofpg] / logLx¿sf] ;+Vof cTolws ePsf …a|Xdf08sf] /rgf olt ;'Gb/ / olt klxnf] c;/ 7"nf] ;+Vofdf ljgfz, km]l/ cfly{s afwf / cGTodf ljZjsf] kof{j/0fdf
sf/0f >LnÍfdf s[ifssf] zq'sf ¿kdf afFb/nfO{ lng] ul/G5 . ltgLx¿n] lgodj4 tl/sfaf6 ul/Psf] 5, o:tf] g/fd|f] c;/ kg{ ;S5 .
cGgsf] vf]hLdf afnLgfnL gi6 u5{g,\ ufpFx¿df cfqmd0f u5{g\ / slxn]sfxL+ /rgf ug{] o;sL lgdf{qL b]jL a'l4dQfsf] s[lqd a'l4dQf
dflg;nfO{ ;d]t cfqmd0f u5{g\ . vhfgf xf]lng\ of o;sf] lgdf{0fdf s[lqd vt/f sof}+ t/xsf x'g ;S5g\ . sDKo'6/sf] :jtGq u0fgfdf b'36{ gfjz
b}jLstf{sf] xft x'gk' 5{ .Ú pgn] o:tf] v/faL cfpFbf ljZjsf] z]o/ ahf/ tx;gx; x'g;S5, h;sf sf/0f cy{Joj:yf
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y'k}| k|hfltnfO{ ;+/lIft ;"rLaf6 x6fPsf] 5 . >LnÍfsf] kz' clwsf/ ;d"x, eg]kl5 km]l/ pgnfO{ k|Zg ;f]lwof], …sf]
x'g\ t tL lgdf{qL b]jL ÛÚ h;df pgsf] s'/faf6 ljz]if1 lrlGtt 5g\, 8Lk km]s lel8of] -gSsnL lel8of]_, h;df s'g} rlr{t
…OGef/f]dG] 6n kmfpG8];gÚn] k|:tfljt laqmLsf] cfnf]rgf ub}{ $) jif{eGbf a9L JolQmsf] km'6h ] ;Fu 5]85f8 ul/G5 / lel8of] agfpg]n] h:tf] rfxgf u¥off] To:t}
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cWoog ug{k' g]{ atfPsf] 5 . kmfpG8];gsf hut u'0fjw{gfn] sf]nDaf]df kqsf/x¿;Fu wfld{s s'/fx?sf] d sNkgf ug{ ;lSbgF . h;n] k/df0f' o'4sf] l:ylt l;h{gf ug{ d2t ub{5 .
eg], …df;', lrlsT;f cg';Gwfg jf cGo s'g} p2]Zosf nflu jf cGo s'g} sf/0f d k/d]Zj/sf] ;DaGwdf xf]Og, s]jn oL vt/fnfO{{ s;/L sd ug{ ;lsG5 t
pgLx¿ -lrlgofF_ lsg olt w]/} afFb/ rfxG5g\ eGg] xfd|f] lh1f;f /x]sf] 5 .Ú lgodx?sf] ;DaGwdf af]N5' .Ú ;g\ xfd|f] ;Eotf slt ;+s6df 5 t Û o;sf] pQ/ of] s'/fdf lge{/ /xG5 ls s:tf]
!&@& df pgsf] lgwg eof] . ;/ vt/fsf] s'/f ul/Fb5 } . eljio s'g} kTy/df n]lvPsf] sfuh t xf]Og, of] s'/fnfO{{
pgn] cufl8 yk], …>LnÍfdf afFb/ ;+/lIft k|hflt xf]Og t/ nf]kf]Gd'v cfOHofs Go'6g klg l:6kmg xlsªsf
hgfj/sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;Í6fkGg jGohGt'sf] ;"rLdf k5{g\ .Ú Wofgdf /fVg'k5{ . o:tf w]/} s'/fx? 5g\, h;nfO{{ xfdL ug{;S5f}F / ca a]nf
k|/] 0ffsf ;|ft] x'g\ . lsgls pgLåf/f eO;s]sf] 5 . t/ Sofl/g s'Nx]dg hg;+Vof j[l4 g} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;d:of ePsf]
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tYofÍdf …6f]s dsfsÚsf] ;+Vof @) nfvb]lv #) nfvsf] aLrdf /x]sf] cg'dfg l:6kmgsf] zf]wdf w]/} sfd nfUof] . nflu h?/L eO;s]sf] 5 / cfk"mn] rfx]adf]lhd aRrf hGdfpg] / dg nfu]sf] vfg]
ul/Psf] 5 . u'0fjw{gsf cg';f/ afFb/ / xfQLnufot dfgj–hgfj/aLrsf] åGå -/f]zg bfxfnsf] k':tsæl:6kmg xlsª 5'6df lgoGq0f ug{k' 5{ .Ú t/ Sofl/g elG5g\, dfgjhfltsf nflu @! cf}+ ztfAbL
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lgjf{rgnfO{ qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] s;/L
pkof]u ug'k{ 5{ eGg] pbfx/0f s=
jL/hª\un] cToGt s'zntfk"j{s
k|:t't ug'e { of] . 8/, qf;, nf]enfnr
/ ef]uljnf;dfly ljho k|fKt ub}{
cfd–>dhLlj hgtfsf] kIfdf lbg˜–
/ft v6\g'eof] . lzju9L uflj;df
dfq xf]Og, slknj:t' lhNnfdf g}
cfd–>dhLlj hgtfsf] lk|o g]tfsf]
¿kdf :yflkt x'ge ' of] .
ju{ljeflht ;dfhdf s'g} klg
dflg; ;a} ju{sf] lk|o aGg ;Sb}g .
To;}n] s= jL/hª\u cfd–>dhLlj
hgtfsf] cfFvfsf] gfgLh:t} lk|o
aGg'eof] eg] zf]ifs, ;fdGt, bnfn
/ km6fxfx¿sf] lglDt chª\usf]
r'gf}tL ag]/ v8f x'g'eof] . pxfFFsf]
hglk|otfaf6 cQflnPsf hglj/f]wL
zf;sx¿n] pxfFFdfly ;'lgof]lht /
if8\oGqk"0f{ 9ª\uaf6 s}of}F ´'§f d'2f
nufOP . ef}lts¿kd} cfqmd0f of]hgf
agfOP . s= jL/hª\un] tL ;a}sf]
pRr dgf]ansf ;fy 86]/ ;fdgf
ug'e{ of] . ax'bnLo ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf]
e08fkmf]/ ug{ s]Gb|, lhNnf / :yfgLo
txdf lgjf{rg pkof]u ug{ kf6L{åf/f
k7fOPsf clwsf+z JolStx¿ dxfg\
hgo' 4 sf] tof/L / yfngL;F u }
qmflGtsf/L ljrf/af6} knfog ePsf]
lttf] cg'ej xfdL;Fu 5 t/ s=
jL/hª\un] dxfg\ hgo'4sf] yfngLnfO{
>dhLlj hgtfsf] d'lSt–pT;jsf]
¿kdf lnFb} cfˆg} hUuf a]r/] xltof/
lsGg'eof] / ju{o'4df xf]ldg'eof] .
kf6L{sf] of]hgf / g]tT[ jsf] lgb]z { gdf
ju{;ª\3if{sf] df]rf{df h;/L nfUg'eof],
To;}u/L pTkfbgd"ns s7Lg zf/Ll/s
>ddf klg To;/L g} ;xefuL
aGg'eof] . hg;]jfsf sfo{nufot
kf6L{sf lglDt pxfFFn] 9'ª\uf kmf]g]{,
bfp/f lrg]{, v]t vGg]nufotsf
zf/Ll/s >ddf pT;fxsf ;fy
t]nsf] yf]kfyf]kf hf]ufcf}+
OGwg vr{ 36fcf}+
nfUg'eof] . kf6L{ g]tT[ jsf] lgb]z
Odfgbfl/tfsf ;fy kfngf ug]{ pxfFs
{ gnfO{
:jefjnfO{ b' ? kof] u u/] / To;
;dosf s]xL g]tf egfpFbfx¿n] lghL
>ddf klg k|of]u u/]sf] lttf] cg'ej
pxfFn
F ] ;'gfpg'xG' Yof] . s= jL/hª\un]
dxfg\ hgo' 4 sf s} o f} F kmf} h L
df]rf{x¿df cu|kª\lStdf /x]/ n8]sf
jL/tfk"0f{ n8fOFFx¿sf] 7"n} km]xl/:t
n]Vg ;lsG5 . To;af/] klg ljleGg
If]qaf6 n]lvg] g} 5 . qmflGtdf
;xefuL x/] s dflg;nfO{
hgcfGbf]ng, hgo'4 / j}wflgs df]rf{
tLgj6} If]qdf sfd ug]{ ;+of]u h'6g\
;Sb}g . ;+of]u h'6] klg ;a} dflg;x¿
tLgj6} df]rf{df cAan aGg ;Sb}gg\ .
s'g} Pp6f df]rf{df cAan b]lvPsfx¿
csf]{ df]rf{df c;kmn x'g] ub{5g\ .
s= jL/hª\usf] ljlzi6 Ifdtf /
k|ltefsf sf/0f tLgj6} r'gf}tLk"0f{
df]rf{df ;kmntf xfl;n ug'e { of] .
pxfFFdf ;fª\u7lgs Ifdtf klg
cAan bhf{ s } lyof] . hgjfbL
s]Gb|LotfnfO{ bx|f];Fu cfTd;ft\ ug'{
;j{xf/fjuL{o cfr/0fnfO{ b[9tfk"js
kfngf ug'{, s'g} 5n5fd gu/L
cfk"mnfO{ nfu]sf ljrf/ v'Nnf /
:ki6¿kdf ;DalGwt :yfgdf dfq
/fVg', cfk"m dftxtsf] l;ª\uf] kf6L{sf]
g]tT[ j ug'{ / plrt 9ª\uaf6 ;ª\u7g
kl/rfng ug'{, u'6ut dfgl;stfsf]
86]/ k|ltjfb ug'{h:tf ljz]iftfs}
sf/0f pxfFFn] ju{;ª\3if{sf tLgj6}
df]rf{df cfk"mnfO{ ;kmn agfpg
;Sg' e Psf] lyof] . åGåjfbL
lgodcg' ; f/ s= jL/hª\ u klg
ljk/Lt tTTjsf] PsTjsf] lgodeGbf
aflx/ x'g] s'/} ePg . pxfFFdf klg
;Ldf / ;d:of lyP xf]nfg\ . pxfFFn]
tL ;d:ofnfO{ ;j{ x f/fjuL{ o
ljZjb[ l i6sf] 0 fk| l tsf] :ki6tf,
dfu{bz{s l;4fGt / qmflGtsf/L
j} r fl/s /fhgLltk| l tsf] b[ 9 tf
qmflGtsf/L ;ª\sNk, lghL hLjgeGbf
;fd" l xs hLjgk| l tsf] pRr
k|fyldstf, b]z / hgtfk|ltsf]
lhDd]jf/Laf]w;lxtsf] ;]jfefjn]
cfˆgf ;Ldf–;d:ofk|lt lgd{d ;ª\3if{
ub}{ cfk"mnfO{ qmflGtsf/L ¿kfGt/0f
ul//xg'eof] / hLjgko{Gt qmflGtsf/L
alg/xg ;kmn x' g ' e of] . xfd| f ]
cfb/0fLo g] t f s= jL/hª\ u
ef}lts¿kdf xfd|fa] Lrdf /xg'ePg .
ux|'ª\uf] dgn] of] ;TonfO{ :jLsf/
ug'a{ fx]s xfdL;Fu csf]{ ljsNk 5}g .
pxfFFsf] csNkgLo d[To'n] pxfFFsf]
kl/jf/n] dfq xf]Og, l;ª\uf] kf6L{sf]
g]kfn cfon lgud lnld6]8
kmf]g g+=+ $@^@(&), km\ofS; M $@^#$&!
F f]
Pp6f cleefjs u'dfpg'k/]sf] 5 .
l;ª\uf] g]kfnL qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6
cfGbf]ngn] Pp6f Odfgbf/ j}rfl/s
tyf h'´f? g]tf u'dfPsf] 5 /
ck"/0fLo Iflt Joxf]/]sf] 5 .
s= jL/hª\usf] csNkgLo d[To'sf]
va/n] pxfFFsf] kl/jf/, b]z–ljb]zdf
/x]sf] l;ª\uf] kf6L{kª\lSt g} efjljXjn
/ :tAw aGof] . ldq kf6L{sf g]tf
tyf sfo{ s tf{ x ¿, ;dfh;] j L
;dfhsf ;Dk"0f{ k|a4' JolStTjx¿sf
;fy}, pxfFFnfO{ lrGGf] cfd–>dhLlj
hgtf :tAw / b'Mlvt eP . pxfFFsf]
zjofqf, >4f~hnL ;efx¿, ;dfrf/
kqx¿, ;fdflhs ;~hfnx¿df
b] l vPsf] pkl:ylt / JoSt
cleJolStx¿n] of] s'/fsf] k'li6
ul//x]sf lyP / s= jL/hª\usf]
/fhgLlts prfO slt lyof] eGGf]
s'/fnfO{ k|ltlalDat ul//x]sf lyP .
s= jL/hª\u ef}lts¿kdf xfd|fa] Lrdf
g/x] klg pxfFn F ] :yflkt ug'e { Psf
‘ljyn8f“8f ljb|fx] sf] ;kgf cem} k"/f ePsf] 5}g’
sf7df8f} F . sflnsf] 6
dfNsf]6l:yt ljyn8fF8fsf] P]ltxfl;s
;fxl;s dlxnf ljb|fx] sf] ;kgf cem}
k"/f gePsf] ljb|fx] df k|ToIf ;xefuL
Ps dlxnfn] atfPsL l5g\ .
ljyn8fF8fdf 3/ ePsL xfn &) jifL{o
k'gf lasn] cfk"m $% jif{sf] x'bf @%
jif{ cl3 @)%$ r}t @^ ut] ljb|f]x
ePsf] / To;sf] ;kgf cem} k'/f
gePsf] atfPsL x' g \ . pgn]
tTsfnLg ;/sf/sf ;' / IffsdL{
s'dfnufpF Onfsf k|x/L sfof{noaf6
{ clwsf/ l5§} k|fKt x'g] ;f]r]
dfcf]jfbL vf]Hg ljyn8fF8f k'u]sf] /
dlxnfdfly uf]nL xfGbf eLif0f n8fOF
ePsf] :d/0f ul/g\ .
xfdL;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf ;fxl;s
dlxnf of]4f k'gfn] hgbdg ug{ ufpFdf
k'us
] f] k|x/Ln] Kofpsnf lassf] 3/
vfgtnf;L ubf{ pgnfO{ uf]nL xfg] kl5
;a} ufpFsf dlxnfx? hDdf eP/
hgbdglj?4 ljb|fx] u/]sf] atfOg\ .
pgn] elgg\ æd w]/} s'/f t clxn]
;lDemg ;Sb}gg\ t/ Pp6f s'/f d
slxNo} klg lal;{g ;Sb}g, Tof] eg]sf]
d]/f] z/L/df k|x/Ln] uf]nL xfgL
/utsf wf/f alu/x]sf] lyof], d}n]
k|x/Lsf] xltof/;Fu 9'u+ fd'9fn] nv]6b\ }
p;sf] xltof/ tflg/x]sf] lyP, Tof]
a]nf d]/f] s'g} zl//sf] k|jfx lyPg .Æ
3fOt] k'gfn] cfˆgf] z/L/df uf]nLsf
5/f{x¿ z/L/el/ clxn] klg ePsf]
/ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] pkrf/
qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 cfbz{, j}rfl/s
b[9tf, s8f cg'zf;g, ;fª\u7lgs
s'zntf, ju{a}/Lk|ltsf] tLj| 3[0ff,
ju{;ª\3if{sf x/]s df]rf{df lg8/tfsf
;fy g]t[Tj ug]{ Ifdtf, lgisnª\\lst
tyf kf/bzL{ hLjgz}nLh:tf pxfFs F f
ljz]iftfx¿n] /fli6«o :jfwLgtf /
juL{o d'lSt cfGbf]ngdf xfdLnfO{
;b}j dfu{lgb]{z ul//xG5 .
ca xfdLn] zf]snfO{ zlStdf /
kL8fnfO{ ju{a}/Lk|ltsf] cfqmf]zdf
abn]/ pxfFFsf cw'/f ;kgfnfO{ k"/f
ug{ pxfF F n ] :yflkt ug' { e Psf
qmflGtsf/L cfbz{ / d"No–dfGotfnfO{
hLjg–Jojxf/df nfu" ub}{ dfn]dfjfbL
;} 4 flGts cfnf] s df PsLs[ t
hgqmflGtsf] sfo{lbzfdfkm{t\ j}1flgs
;dfhjfb :yfkgfsf] d'lStofqfdf
cljrn¿kdf cufl8 a9\ g ' g}
pxfFFk|ltsf] ;Rrf ;Ddfg x'g]5 .
cfhLjg ;Rrf qmflGtsf/L aGg
sd/]8 jL/hª\uaf6 l;sf}F .
ul//x]sf] atfOg\ . pgsf] a'emfOdf
uf]nL nfUbf klg gb'vs ] f] cfˆgf] z/L/
/ dg qmflGt cnkq ePkl5 b'vs ] f]
5.
3fOt] k'gfn] elgg\ æljyn8fF8fsf]
dlxnf ljb|fx] hgo'4sf] ;fdfGo 36gf
xf]Og, Tof] t dlxnfsf] clwsf/;Fu
>dhLlj hgtfsf] clwsf/sf] ljb|f]x
lyof], Tof] ljb|fx] sf] ;kgf s'g} klg
d"Nodf k"/f ug{'k5{ .Æ
3fOt] k'gfn] 36gfnfO{ yk :d/0f
ub}{ dlxnfx¿ ;a} ldn]/ ljyf]n8fF8f
hgbdgdf plqPsf k|x/LnfO{
nv]6\b} ubf{ >dhLlj hgtfsf]
klg Tof] k'/f ePg, Tof] b'Mvb
s'/f xf] elgg\ . pgn] ;z:q
k|x/L;Fu lgz:q dlxnfx¿sf]
n8fO{df k|x/Ln] cGwfw'Gw uf]nL
rnfpFbf Pshgf k'?if /fO{n]
las kfFrhgf dlxnf uf]l/snf
las, k'gf las, lahof las,
dG;/f las / Kofpsnf las
uDeL/ 3fOt] ePsf] atfOg\ .
xfn 36gdf 3fOt]x¿dWo] k'gf
las, dG;/f las / lahof las
dfq hLljt 5g\ .
3fOt] k'gfn] clxn] 3/ aflx/ leq
;lhn} lxF88'n ug{ g;Sg] czQm
cj:yf ePsf] atfpF b } /fHon]
ljyn8fF 8 f ljb| f ] x sf 3fOt]
dlxnfx?nfO{ s'g} ;Ddfg gu/]sf]
u'gf;f] ul/g\ .
@% jif{;Dd 3fp b'vL/x]sf] 5,
/fHosf] dg b'vs ] f] 5}g, k'gfn] elgg\
æclxn] hgo'4nfO{ g} ck/flws/0f
o'4 agfpg vf]lhb}5 .Æ
3fOt] k'gfn] hgo'4df b]v]sf]
;kgfn] dlxnfx?n] Hofgsf] afhL
/fv]/ cfˆgf] clwsf/ k|flKtsf] nflu
ljb|f]x u/]sf] ;'gfpFb} oxL ljb|f]xsf]
kl/df0f g]kfndf clxn]sf] kl/jt{g
;Dej ePsf] atfOg\ . pgn] of]
kl/jt{gn] ;a} ;kgf k"/f gePsf]
eGb} km]l/ klg ;kgf k"/f ug{ ;+3if{df
nfUg] kg]{ atfOg\ .
s0f{ ljZjsdf{
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ck/fwLs/0f ug{ glbg] pb\3f]if u/]sf 5g\ . ;f]daf/ sf7df8f}Fdf cfof]lht
g]kfndf zflGt k|lqmof / ;+qmd0fsfnLg Gofo;DaGwL cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdnfO{
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kIf g} ultsf] cfwf/e"t sf/0f xf] .
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ljk/Lt jf cGtlj{/f]wL kIfx¿ x'G5g\ . cGtlj{/f]wL klg ;fy;fy} cl:tTjdf /x]sf] x'G5 .
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xf] . of] lg/Gt/ ult / ljsf;sf] bz{g xf] . clwe"tjfbsf] l7s ljk/Lt åGåjfbn] x/]s j:t'df cGtlj{/f]wL ToxL g} a]nf To;df gsf/fTds kIf To:t} dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf g]tf l8nf/fd cfrfo{n] zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ bfpk]r
kIfx¿ /x]sf] b]V5,, tL kIfx¿ aLr nuftf/ åGå / cGt/;DaGw b]V5 / oxL sf/0fn] x/]s j:t' nuftf/ x]g{ la;{G5g\ . / hgo'4nfO{ ck/flws/0f ug]{ u}/lhDd]jf/ k|jl[ t b]lvPsf] / o;nfO{ l7s 9Ën]
åGåjfbsf cg';f/ k|sl[ t, ;dfh xn gu/]df xfd|f 5f]/f–gfltx?n] ;d]t To; lj?4 k|lt/f]w ug]5 { g\ eGb} !@ a'bF ]
ultzLn eO/x]sf] b]V5 . o;/L x]bf{ ;+;f/df To:tf] s'g} j:t' / 36gf g} x'bF g} , h;df cGtlj{/f]wL kIfx¿
/ ljrf/sf] x/]s If]qdf ljk/Lt jf ;Demf}tf / zflGt ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ ug]x{ ? ;a} lhDd]jf/ x'g cfu|x u/] .
x'Ggg\ . To:tf] cGtlj{/f]wL kIf g} x'bF g} , hf] åGådf / cGtlg{e/{ tfdf x'Gg\ . hxfF k'h
F Lklt x'G5 ToxfF cjZo dfcf]jfbL sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf g]tf /fdgf/fo0f kfnn] hgo'4sf] sf/0fn] g}
cGtlj{ / f] w L kIfx¿ x' G 5g\ .
klg dhb'/x¿ x'G5g\ . hxfF zf]ifs x'G5, ToxfF cjZo zf]liftx¿ klg x'G5g\ . hxfF lqmof x'G5, ToxfF lglZrt cGtlj{/f]wL kIfx¿aLrsf] cfk;L åGå >Lk]rwf/L /fhtGqsf] cGTo / u0ftGq cfPsf] xf] t/ ;fdGtjfbsf caz]ifx?
klg k|ltlqmof x'G5 . lqmof hlt rsf]{ x'G5, k|ltlqmof klg TolQs} rsf]{ / ljk/Lt x'G5 . h'g j:t'sf] / cGt/;DaGw g j:t' s f] ult cem} laBdfg 5g\, Tof] tTjn] ljb]zL zlQms]Gb|sf] andf g]kfnnfO{ cGToxLg
;'?cft x'G5, To;sf] cGTo klg x'G5 . h'g j:t'df hLjg x'G5, To;df d[To'sf] k|lqmof klg ;Fu;Fu} x'G5 . kl/jt{g jf ljsf;sf] d'Vo sf/0f xf] åGålt/ lng vf]lh/x]sf] / To;sf] :yfoL Pjd\ lbuf] ;dfwfgsf nflu bnfn
åGåjfbn] o;/L x]5{ ;+;f/nfO{ . k|sl[ t, ;dfh / ljrf/nfO{ eg] clwe"tjfbsf] b[li6sf]0fdf s'g} j:t'sf] ljk/Lt t/ clwe"tjfbLx¿n] ult, kl/jt{g ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] cGTo clgjfo{ /x]sf] atfP eg] cfdhgtf kf6L{sf pkfWoIf
kf6f] x'bF g} . s'g} klg j:t'sf] cGtlj{/f]wL kIf x'bF g} / o;sf] cg';f/ x/]s j:t' Pskf6] / Pskfv] x'G5 . jf ljsf;sf] d'Vo sf/0f g} 7Dofpg ltns yfkfn] hgo'4 lj?4sf if8\oGq ;+ljwfg / zflGtlj?4sf] if8\oGq
;Sb} g g\ . oxL x' g fn] ePsf]n] o; lj?4 ;fd'lxs k|ltjfb ug{k' g]{ vfFrf] cf}N+ ofP .
/x]sf cGt/lj/f]wL kIfx¿ g} k|jn ljrf/x¿nfO{ PSnf] / cnucnu pkh x'g\ . k[YjLdf cgflbsfnb]lv clwe"tjfbLx¿sf] wf/0ffdf Pp6f sfo{qmddf g]skf ax'dtsf g]tf u'0f/fh nf]xgLn] afns[i0f 9'Ë]nnfO{
x' G 5g\ eGg] dfGotfsf ljk/Lt ¿kdf xf]Og, lg/Gt/ ultdf x]gk{' 5{ g} dfG5] cl:tTjdf lyPg, g t j:t' cGtlj{/f]wL kIfx¿ aLrsf] åGå hgo'4df ;xefuL ePsf] eg]/ hlta]nf h]n xflnof] Tolt a]nfb]lv g} a[xt\
cl:tTjdf /x]sf ;f/f j:t'x¿ / eGg] wf/0ff /fV5g\ . åGåjfbLsf] nflu hLjhGt' g} cl:tTjdf lyP . o:tf] jf cGt/;DaGwn] ubf{ klxn] dfqfdf zflGt ;Demf}tf eË e};Sof] l6Kk0fL u/]sf lyP . eg] g]skf dfcf]jfbL
ltgLx¿sf] dfgl;s 5fofF –ljrf/x¿ ;+;f/sf] s'g} klg j:t' PSnf] / cnu klg k[YjLdf ;do / kl/l:ylt lyof], ablnFb} uP/, Pp6f lg0ff{os ljGb'df ;dfhjfbLsf dxf;lrj s0f{hLt a'9fyf]sL z'l;nn] cfk"mx?n] zflGt k|lqmof
l:y/ 5g\ / ultsf sf/0f aflx/L an cnu x'g] ub}g{ . ;+;f/sf] k|To]s j:t' hltv] / oxfF s' g } hLjhGt' g} u'0ffTds ¿kn] g} gofF / pGgt / ;+qmd0fsfn ;lsP/ d'n's ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] lbzfdf hfG5 ;f]r]sf lyof}+
xf] eGg] wf/0ff klg /x]sf] 5 . ;+;f/sf cfk' m jl/kl/sf c¿ cgluGtL cl:tTjdf lyPg . vfnL lghL{j k|sl[ t j:t'df ¿kfGtl/t x'g] eGg] s'/f t/ oxfF gofF 9Ën] o'4 yf]kg]{ k|of; ePsf]n] To; lj?4 h:tf];s ' } n8fOF n8\g
bfz{lgs k4ltx¿ d"ntM b'O{ v]dfdf j:t'x¿l;tsf] ;DaGw /x]sf] x'G5 . dfq} cl:tTjdf lyof] . lghL{ j x'Fb}g . clwe"tjfbLx¿sf] wf/0ff tof/ /x]sf] pNn]v u/] .
afFl8Psf 5g\ . Tof] c¿ y'k}| j:t'l;tsf] cGt/lge{/tf j:t'x¿af6 ;hLj j:t' k}bf s'g} cg';f/ j:t'df dfqfTds kl/jt{g g]skf qmflGtsf/L dfcf]jfbLsf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o c6nn] zflGt k|lqmof /
bfz{lgs hut\sf] If]qdf tL ;a} /x]sf] x'G5 . tL ;DaGwsf sf/0fn] a|Xdfn] ;[li6 u/]sf] s'/f geP/ eGg] s' / f dfq x' G 5, u' 0 ffTds ;+qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf ljifodf dfcf]jfbLx? ldn]/ n8\g' kg]{ a]nf cfPsf]
bfz{lgs clwe"tjfbL x'g\ hf] ;+;f/nfO{ Psn] csf]d{ fly k|efj kf/]sf] x'G5 . cgluGtL lghL{j j:t'x¿sf] cfk;L kl/jt{g eGg] s'/f x'Fb}g . a'l4 eGg] eGb} cfk;df gldn]sf cGo ljifodf cf–cfˆgf] 9Ën] n8\g'kg]{ / åGåsfnLg
;+;f/df cl:tTjdf /x]sf ;f/f j:t'x¿ lqmof k|ltlqmof l;h{gf ul//x]sf] x'G5 . ;DaGw / cfk;L lqmof–k|ltlqmof g} s'/f dfq x'G5, ljsf; eGg] s'/f x'bF g} . d'2fx¿nfO{ p7fP/ ;fd|fHojfbn] v]Ng vf]hs ] f] eP klg clxn]sf] ljZj zlQm
/ ltgLx¿sf] dfgl;s k|ltlaDa jf:tjdf j:t' x ¿ aLrsf To:tf] cfwf/ xf], h;n] k[YjLdf /x]sf p:t} p:t} 36gf bf]xf]l/g] k'g/fj[lQ ;Gt'ngsf sf/0f cd]l/sfn] s;}nfO{ klg x]u lng g;Sg] atfP .
ljrf/nfO{ cnu cnu 9ª\un] / l:y/ cGt/;DaGwaf6 k}bf x'g] cfk;L lqmof– ;f/f j:t'x¿nfO{ abNb} nUof] . nfdf] eO/xg] eGg] s'/f dfq x'G5, Pp6} g]kfn ;dfhjfbL kf6L{sL pkfWoIf lxl;nf odLn] ;+qmdsfnLg Gofo
¿kdf x]5{g\ / ljZn]if0f u5{g\ . k|ltlqmof g} xfdLn] b]Vg] u/]sf] ult ;do;Ddsf] lghL{ j j:t' x ¿sf] j:t' ljNs'n} gofF csf]{ j:t'df ablng] nDAofpg' eg]sf] kLl8tnfO{ Gofo glbg' ;/x xf] t/ o;nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ :jo+
Pshgf clwe"tjfbLsf] nflu ;+;f/df xf] . To;}n] ;+;f/df To:tf] j:t' g} cGtlqm{of / cGt/;DaGwaf6 g} eGg] s'/f x'Fb}g . clwe"tjfbn] s'g} dfcf]jfbLn] ;d]t Wofg glbPsf] ;+s]t ub}{–u0ftGq kl5sf !^ cf]6f ;/sf/
dWo] !@ cf]6f ;/sf/df dfcf]jfbL ;xefuL 5, dfcf]jfbLsf s}of}+ ;f+;b,
h]hlt ¿kdf j:t'x¿, hLjhGt'x¿sf x'bF g} , hf] cnu–cnu x'G5 / c¿ cg's"n xfjf, kfgL / kl/l:yltdf klg j:t'sf] kl/jt{g / ljsf;sf]
dGqL / :yfgLo tx k|dv ' b]lv d'VodGqLx? 5g\ t/ ;+qmd0fsfnLg Gofo lsg
k|sf/x¿ cl:tTjdf 5g\ tL ;a} j:t'l;tsf] cGt/;DaGwdf x'Fb}g . laNs'n} gofF csf]{ lrh ;hLj j:t' d"n sf/0f g} a'‰g / 7Dofpg ;Sb}g .
6'lËPg Û egL k|Zg u/]sL lyOg\ .
cgflbsfnb]lv 5'§f5'§} 5g\ / ;a} åGåjfbL bfz{lgsx¿sf] ljZn]if0f k}bf eof] . j}1flgs rfN;{ 8fla{gn] oxL x'gfn] g} clwe"tjfbnfO{ Pskfv]
xfd|f] sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf lx/fnfn e'hn
] n] b]zL ljb]zL zlQmx¿sf] of]hgfdf
ckl/jt{gzLn jf l:y/ 5g\ . s]xL cg';f/ o:tf] x'Fbf] xf] t ;+;f/df y'k}| csf6\o k|df0fx¿åf/f s] k|dfl0ft / l:y/tfsf] bz{g elgPsf] 5 t/
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ 3]/faGbL ug{ vf]lhPsf], ;To lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u /
kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 eg] ltgLx¿sf] kl/jt{g / ult eGg] s'/f g} x'bF g} Yof] . ul/;s]sf 5g\ eg]– dfG5] cfˆg} s'g} åGåjfb eg] cGtå{ G å / a]kQf cfof]u klg ;/sf/, ;+ljwfg / sfg'gcg';f/ g} ag]sf] eP klg o;nfO{
;ª\Vofdf 36a9 ePsf] 5 . of] s'g} o'uf}; F Dd xfdL pxL dfG5], pxL j:t', O{Zj/sf] ;[li6 xf]Og, of] k|s[lt / cGt/;DaGwsf] bz{g xf] . of] lg/Gt/ c;kmn kfg{ vf]h]sf] atfPsf lyP .
csf]{ gofF ¿kdf ablng] / ljsl;t pxL ;dfh, p:t} k|sl[ t h:tfsf t:t} hLjhGt's} qmlds ljsf;sf] pkh ult / ljsf;sf] bz{ g xf] .
x'g] u/]sf] 5}g . t;y{, of] ;+;f/ eg]sf]
To:t} cnu–cnu l:y/ / ;w}s +F f nflu
b]lvO/x]sf x'g] lyP . To;df s'g}
x]/km]/ g} b]vfkb}{gYof] eGg] wf/0ff
xf] . of] qmlds ljsf; PSnfPSn} /
cnu–cnu ¿kdf sbflk cfPsf]
clwe"tjfbsf] l7s ljk/Lt åGåjfbn]
x/]s j:t'df cGtlj{/f]wL kIfx¿ /x]sf]
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf] kIfdf hgnx/
lglZrt ¿kdf clGtd j:t' s f] /x] s f] 5 . j:t' l eqsf] ult / xf]Og . j/k/sf cgluGtL j:t' / b]V5,, tL kIfx¿ aLr nuftf/ åGå sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ ;Da4 ;fdgf snfsf/n] cfˆgf] ## lbg
;Fufnf]n] 7fpF ;g]{ ul//x]sf 5g\, Tof] kl/jt{gsf] sf/s tTj cGt/;DaGw 36gfx¿l;tsf] cGt/;DaGw / / cGt/;DaGw b]V5 / oxL sf/0fn] nfdf] cleofgsf] cfjlws ;dLIff ub}{ cleofgn] b]zsf] ;+s6sf] clxn]sf] d'Vo
ultsf] sf/0f aflx/L an xf] . xf] / cGt/;DaGwdf /x]sf tdfd To;af6 k} b f ePsf] lqmof– x/]s j:t' nuftf/ ultzLn eO/x]sf] ;d:ofsf] >f]tsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] ;+;bjfbsf] e08fkmf]/ / j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf]
clwe"tjfbLsf] lglDt s'g} j:t' j:t'x¿sf] cfk;L cGtlqm{of xf] . of] k|ltlqmofaf6 cfPsf] xf] . b]V5 . o;/L x]bf{ ;+;f/df To:tf] s'g}
jf hLjhGt' cl:tTjdf 5 eg] ;w}e +F l/ ljifodf k|m8] l/s Pª\uN] ;sf] ;l6s t;y{, clwe"tjfbsf] l7s ljk/Lt j:t' / 36gf g} x' F b } g , h;df
5 5}g eg] slxNo} klg cl:tTjdf egfO 5– æoL lrhx¿ åGåjfbn] s] wf/0ff /fV5 eg] ;+;f/sf] cGtlj{/f]wL kIfx¿ x'Ggg\ . To:tf]
5}g . p;sf] lglDt s'g} klg j:t' jf cGt/;DalGwt 5g\ eGg] tYoleq s] s'g} klg j:t', hLjhGt' jf s'g} klg cGtlj{/f]wL kIf g} x'Fb}g, hf] åGådf
hLjhGt' pxL g} ;dodf cl:tTjdf s'/f klxn] g} ;dflxt x'G5 eg] cl:tTj b'?:t ¿kd} bf]xf]l/g] ub}g{ . / cGtlg{ e { / tfdf x' G g\ . hxfF
5 klg, ;fy;fy} Tof] cl:tTjaf6 hfFb} ltgLx¿n] Ps csf]{dfly k|ltlqmof cfk' m j/k/sf cgluGtL k'FhLklt x'G5 ToxfF cjZo klg kIfdf hgnx/ lgdf{0f ug{ ;kmn /x]sf] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf] 5 . slknj:t'l:yt
5 klg eGg] wf/0ff÷k4lt /x]sf] 5 . hgfpF 5 g\ / l7s oxL cfk;L j:t' x ¿l;tsf] cfk;L ;DaGw, dhb'/x¿ x'G5g\ . hxfF zf]ifs x'G5, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] sfof{nodf cfh ;DkGg ;dLIff a}7sn] o:tf] lgisif{
o;k| s f/ clwe" t jfb eg] s f] k|ltlqmofn] g} ult k}bf u5{ .Æ cGtlqm{of / cGtlg{e{/tfaf6 of] ToxfF cjZo zf]liftx¿ klg x'G5g\ . lgsfn]sf] xf] . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] lgdf{0f, ljsf; / Ph]G8fnfO{ uLt÷;+uLt
PsnsfF6] / Pskfv] bfz{lgs k4lt clwe"tjfbLx¿sf] eGbf l7s pN6f] nuftf/ / qmlds ¿kdf abln/x]sf] hxfF lqmof x'G5, ToxfF lglZrt klg / snfsf] dfWodåf/f hgtfdf k'¥ofpg ;fdgf snfsf/n] j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf
xf] . of] bz{gsf] ;Ldf g} oxL xf] ls of] åGåjfbLx¿ s] wf/0ff /fV5g\ eg] x'G5 . of] lx;fan] clwe"tjfb k|sl[ t k|ltlqmof x'G5 . lqmof hlt rsf]{ nflu hg;ËLt cleofg ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 .
bz{ g n] s' g } klg j:t' n fO{ ;+ ; f/df h] hltyl/sf j:t' / lj1fg cfhsf] prfOdf ljsf; x'G5, k|ltlqmof klg TolQs} rsf]{ / ;dgf snfsf/sf s]lGb|o ;+of]hs cf/f]x ;Lsf cg';f/ kl5Nnf] cleofgsf
cGt/;DaGwdf / lg/Gt/ ultdf x]g{ hLjhGt'x¿ 5g\, cl:tTjdf 5g– tL gx'Fbftfsfsf] bz{g xf] . of] oGq ljk/Lt x'G5 . h'g j:t'sf] ;'?cft bf}/fg clxn];Dd klZrdsf !^ cf]6f lhNnfdf ## cf]6f cf}krfl/s ;f:s[lts
/ a'‰g ;Sb}g . of] bz{gn] s'g} klg ;a} cgflbsfnb]lv cnu–cnu / pxL lj1fgn] dfq ljsf; ubf{ tTsfnsf] x'G5, To;sf] cGTo klg x'G5 . h'g sfo{qmd ;DkGg e};s]sf 5g\ eg] cfufdL a}zfv ( ut] sf7df8f}Fdf x'g]
j:t'sf] ljk/Lt kf6f] / ;du| af6f]nfO{ ¿kdf /lx/x]sf 5}gg\ . tL nuftf/ ;qf}÷ F c7f/f}F ztfAbLsf] bz{g xf] . oGq j:t'df hLjg x'G5, To;df d[To'sf] g]skf :yfkgf lbj;kl5 ;fdgf snfsf/n] b]zsf] k"jL{If]qdf hg;ËLt cleofg
x]g{ ;Sb}g . of] bz{gn] s'g} klg j:t' abln/x]sf 5g\ . cfd¿kdf ablng' lj1fgdf j:t'x¿sf] ;ª\Vofdf 36a9 k|lqmof klg ;Fu;Fu} x'G5 . åGåjfbn] k|f/De ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
ljk/Lt kf6f] s f] cfk;L åGå / eg]sf] ult xf] . vfnL j:t'x¿sf] x'g\' j:t'x¿n] 7fpF ;g'{nfO{ oflGqs o;/L x]5{ ;+;f/nfO{ . k|s[lt, ;dfh !* hgf snfsf/ ;xefuL cleofgsf] ;dLIff a}7sdf g]kfn sDo'lg:6
cGt/;DaGwaf6 klxn] dfqfdf ;ª\Vofdf dfq 36a9 ePsf] xf]Og 7fpF ¿kdf lng] u5{ . oGq lj1fgdf / ljrf/nfO{ eg] clwe"tjfbsf] kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnjn] ;fdgf snfsf/ eg]sf] PsLs[t qmflGtsf] dxTjk"0f{
ablnFb} uP/ cGttM u'0fs} lx;fan] dfq ;/]sf] klg xf]Og, Pp6f j:t' ultsf] sf/0f aflx/L an x'g] u5{ . b[li6sf]0fdf s'g} j:t'sf] ljk/Lt kf6f] cË ePsf] / kf6L{sf ljrf/ / sfo{qmdnfO{ hgtf dfem k'¥ofpg ;fdgf
ljNs'n} gofF j:t'df lsg / s;/L ;DaGwdf /x]sf y'k}| j:t'x¿l;tsf] To:t}, clwe"tjfbLx¿sf] wf/0ff s] x'Fb}g . s'g} klg j:t'sf] cGtlj{/f]wL snfsf/sf] pRr of]ubfg /x]sf] eGb} snfsf/ 6f]nLnfO{ wGojfb lbPsf lyP
ablnG5 eGg] ljifodf JofVof / cGtlqm{ofaf6 ljNs'n gofF csf]{ j:t'df /x]sf] 5 eg] ;+;f/df ultsf] sf/0f kIf x'bF g} / o;sf] cg';f/ x/]s j:t' eg] ;dLIff a}7sdf g]skf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o ljho ;L, s]lGb|o :s'n ljefu
ljZn]if0f ug{ ;Sb}g . clwe"tjfbL ljsl;t eO/x]sf] 5 . j:t'sf] u'0fd} aflx/L an xf] . Pskf6] / Pskfv] x'G5 . ;b:o k|of; ;Lsf] ;xeflutf / cf/f]x ;Lsf] cWoIftf /x]sf] lyof] .
 8 sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#÷@)^#÷^$
hgkqsf/ ;+u7g g]kfnåf/f gof“ jif{ lj;+= @)*) sf]
z'esfdgf cfbgk|bfg tyf lrofkfg sfo{qmd ;DkGg
sf7df8f}F . hgkqsf/ ;+u7g
g]kfnn] gofF jif{ @)*)sf] k"j;{ GWofdf
gofF jif{sf] z'esfdgf cfbgk|bfg tyf
lrofkfg sfo{qmd;u} lj;+= @)*) sf]
leQ]kfqf] ljdf]rg u/]sf] 5 . ;Ë7gsf]
pkTosf k|bz ] ;ldltåf/f lalxaf/
sf7df8f}Fdf cfof]lht gofF jif{sf]
z'esfdgf cfbgk|bfg tyf lrofkfg
sfo{qmddf g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf :yfoL
;ldlt ;b:o Pjd\ k|sfzg tyf
k|rf/k|;f/ ljefu OGrfh{ clgn zdf{n]
leQ]kfqf]nfO{ cf}krfl/s ¿kdf ljdf]rg
u/]sf x'g . ladf]rg sfo{qmddf g]tf
clgn ;Ln] gofF jif{ @)*) ;fnsf]
z'esfdgf lbFb} P]ltxfl;s ;Gbz{af/]
k|sfz kf/]sf lyP . ljqmd\ ;Dat\
g]kfnsf] df}lns ;Dat\ xf] eGg]s/' f
ljleGg tYox?n] k|dfl0ft ug{ vf]hs ] f]
pgsf] egfO{ lyof] . …sfe|s
] f] gfnfdf clxn]
klg ljqmdflbTosf] ;Demgfdf d]nf nfUg]
lje]bsf]=====
clwsf/ dfu]/ gkfOg] ePsfn] vf];/]
lng' kg]{ pgsf] egfO{ lyof] .
To:t} csf{ jQmf g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{ kf]nL6Ao'/f] ;b:o cf:yf ;Ln] >lds
ju{ ;Fu pTkfbg ;DaGw hf]l8Psf] x'bF f
>lds ju{sf] ;+3if{n] dfq} ;dfhjfbL
;Qf ;Dej x'g] pgsf] egfO{ lyof] . ;Dk"0f{
>lds ju{n] Ps eP/ n8\g] xf] eg]
xfdLn] eg]sf] d'lQm ;Dej x'g] s'/fdf
pgsf] hf]8 lyof] .
To:t} g]skf s]lGb|o ;b:o tyf
>lds ;d'bfo df]rf{sf cWoIf /fdnfn
;Ln] /fhgLlt cfGbf]ng / ;dfhjfbL
Joj:yfeGbf aflx/ /x]/ >lds ;d'bfosf]
d'lQm ;Dej gx'g] atfPsf 5g\ .
To:t} g]kfn blnt gful/s ;dfhsf
cWoIf df]ltnfn g]kfnLn] blnt ;d'bfosf]
gfd dfq} km]//] k'Ub}g ;f/ ;d]t km]g' { kg]{
egfO{ /fv]sf 5g\ . pgn] eg] æha;Dd
zf;s ju{n] blnt ju{dflysf] pTkL8g
sfod /fV5 ta;Dd xfdLn] ljb|fx]
ul//xg'k5{ /fHosf x/]s ;+/rgfdf blnt
;d'bfosf] ;dfg k|ltlglwTj sfod x'g'
k5{, of] d'ns' df qmflGt ;DkGg gePkl5
clxn]sf] ;d:of cfPsf] xf] .Æ
sfo{qmddf clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3
qmflGtsf/LsL s]lGb|o pkfWoIf e[s6' L ;L,
du/ d'lQm df]rf{sf cWoIf ;'bz{g ;Ln]
;d]t cfˆgf] egfO{ /fv]sf lyP .
cGt/lqmofsf] cWoIftf >lds ;d'bfo
ljefu k|dv ' ;GWofn] u/]sf] sfo{qmdsf]
;~rfng ;~hLj ;L, :jfut dGtJo
x/L ;L / cjwf/0ff kq jfrg l8NnL
;Ln] u/]sf lyP .
k'“hLjfbn]=====
dlxnfx?nfO{ ljzfnjhf/df ljqmL ug{
/flvPsf] ;fdfg h:tf] lj1fkg jf]8d{ f
k|ofs]u ul//x]sf] 5 . dlxnfx?nfO{
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bf]xf]/L ;fFem, d;fh ;]G6/, h'jftf; k};f
x'gn] ] h] klg ug{ kfpg] ;F:sf/n] qmflGtdf
nfu]sf g]tfx?;d]t k};f xftdf k/]kl5
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clxn] lxhf] hgo' 4 df nfu] s f
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of] ;F:sf/af6 c5'tf] 5}gg\ . kFh ' LjfbL
;F:sf/sf] d'Vo p2]Zo g} oxL xf] ;a}
If]Kof:q k|sfzg s]Gb|åf/f k|sflzt, ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M yfkfufpF, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com d'bs
u/]sf] 5 . Tof] d]nf k/fk"j{ sfnb]lv
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d"tL{ 5 .Ú, sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ pgn]
eg], …oL tYon] lj=;+= g]kfnL df}lnstfsf]
;Djt xf] eGg] alnof] k|df0f xf] . o;df
of] g]kfnsf] ;Dat\ xf]Og eGg] c? k|df0f
klg 5g\ t/ tL k|df0feGbf of] k|df0f
cln alnof] b]lvG5 .Ú
pgn] ef/tdf klg wfld{s ?kdf
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qmflGtsf/L /fhgLlt / qmflGtsf/L kf6L{af6
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unt ;F:sf/n] nk]6L /x]sf] 5 of] g}
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dg]j{ n] fdf sfFu;] | eP/ dg{ jfWo ePsf5g\ .
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ePsf] dfGg' k5{ .
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k|jz ] u5{
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wfld{s /fhgLltåf/f lgoGq0f ug]{ clg
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agfpg] ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] of]hgf 5 .
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x:tIf]k ug]{ of] lgs} vt/gfs v]n xf]
h'g cd]l/sfn] ;fgf b]zx?df lg/Gt/
k|oTg ul//x]sf]5 . g]kfndf lqmlZrog
wd{sf] Jofks lj:tf/ u/L g]kfn kl/jf/
bn g} v]n/] ;f+;b g} jgfPsf] xfdLn]
j'em]s} s'/f eof], slxn] pHjn yfkf,
slxn] /ljGb| ld> logLx?af6 klg sfd
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;fd|HojfbL b]z cd]l/sfn] g]kfnsf]
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cf0fljs wft' lngsf nflu of] ;j}
ul//x]sf] 5 . of] wd{;:F sf/ / ;+:s[ltsf]
gfddf ;fd|fHojfbL b]zn] cfkm\gf]
k'h F LjfbL Joj:yfnfO{ jlnof] jgfpg,
cfk"meGbf ;fgf b]zx?sf] k|fs[lts
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x:tIf]k u/]/ sJhf ub{5 . of] O/fs /
ckmuflg:tfgdf t]n sJhf ug{ / s+uf]df
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sfof{no slknj:t'df e]6jftf{ ePsf] b]zdf cfly{s– /fhgLlts ;+s6 w|j' Ls/0fsf ljifodf 5nkmn ug{ b'O{
5 . pQm e]6jftf{ kl5 g]kfn ;dfhjfbL ulxl/Fb} uPsf], afXo x:tfIf]k a9\b} zLif{ g]tfaLr ePsf] e]6jftf{ dxTjk"0f{
agfpg'kg]{ atfP . …ls/0f sd/]8n] kf6L{sf cWoIf 8f e§/fO{n] g]skfsf] uP/ d'ns ' sf] ;fj{ef}ldstf vt/fdf ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:ylt cg'sn' gePsf]
atfpg] ug{e' Psf] 5 . To;f]eP pxfF /
k|r08df s] km/s eof] / Û k|r08n] klg
r'gjfª\ a}7+ sdf eg]sf] ToxL xf] .Ú, …pgn]
eg], …cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yt slxNof}+ cfk"m
g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn dfr] f{ ;fpbLåf/f jL/h· k':tsfnonfO{ cflys{ ;xofu]
sf7df8f}F . g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn ljKnj ;Ldfkm{t\ ;f]daf/ k':tsfnonfO{ k':tsfnodf ;a} ljrf/, e"uf]n,
cg'sn' x'bF g} . Tof] t cfk"mn] cg'sn' agfP/ df]rf{ ;fpbLn] jL/hË k':tsfnonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] xf] . dgf]lj1fg / cfjZostfsf] ;Daf]wg
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z'esfdgf cfbgk|bfg sfo{qmddf g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{lgs6 ;f] df]rf{sf tTsflng s]Gb|Lo ;b:o jL/h+usf] :d[ltdf c+u|]hL efiffsf /x]sf 5g\ . pQm
;+u7gsf ;Nnfxsf/ cWoIf /fh]Gb| ;L, dxf;lrj k|;/fd 3lt{du/ -ljZjf;_
hgkqsf/ ;+u7g g]kfnsf cWoIf åf/f k|fKt /sd g]skfsf dxf;lrj
z]/axfb'/ ljZjsdf{, g]skf s]lGb|o pQm sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf ljBfno
;b:o clvn ;L, ;f+:s[lts dxf;+3sf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf clg/fd /f]sf
dxf;lrj s'zn ;L, g]skf g]tfx¿ du/n] u/]sf lyP eg] lzIfs /fh]Gb|
nf] s ] G b| ;L, Zofd ;Lnufotsf af]x/fn] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng u/]sf lyP .
g]tfx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;fd|k|jfQmfHojfbL=====
k|sf08 ;Ln] qmflGt eg]sf]
bf; jgfpg / cfkm\gf] n'6sf] ;+;f/ jrfpg cfd"n kl/jt{g ePsf] pNn]v ub}{ g]kfndf
wd{ ;F:sf/ / ;+:s[ltdfkm{t\ cfO/x]sf] 5 . qmflGt ;DkGg gePsf] atfP . pgn] eg]–
dlxnfx?nfO{ dgf]/Ghgsf] ;fwg jgfPsf] …qmflGt eg]sf] cfd"n kl/jt{g xf] .
5 / rf}af6f]df g+UofPsf] 5 . o'jfx?nfO{ v/fal:yltsf] cGTo / b]z / hgtfn]
g;f ;]jg u/L 8fG;jf/, bf]xf]/L;fFemdf rfx]sf] Joj:yf :yfkgf ug{' xf], h'g clxn]
s}b ul/lbPsf] 5 . qmflGtsf/L hgtfnfO{ x'g\ ;s]sf] 5}g .Ú
oyft{ 1fgaf6 Ro't u/L k'hfkf7df, k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] ;fdfGtjfbsf] g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] slknj:t'l:yt k':tsfnosf k':ts cWoog ug{sf] nflu
wfld{s cGwljZjf;df s}b u/]/ ljb|fx] L cGTo gu/L g]kfnL hgtfn] rfx]sf] Joj:yf lzju9Ldf /x]sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf k':tsfnosf] ;fwf/0f / cfhLjg
r]tfgf d]6fO{ lbPsf] 5 . wd{sf] gfdaf6 :yfkgf x'g\ g;Sg] atfpFb} o;sf] nflu ;a} aL/h+u k':tsfno :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . ;b:odWo] Ps aGg'kg]{ 5 t/ k':sfnod}
/fhgLlts x:tIf]k u/]sf] 5 . Psh'6 eP/ n8\gs ' f] ljsNk gePsf] pQm k':tsfnosf cWoIf tyf g]kfn a;]/ cWoog ug{sf] nflu ;b:o aGg'
hgtfnfO{ e|ldt jgfpg] of] 7f]sj' f u/] . pgn] o;sf] lglDt kf6L{n] sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o kg]{ afWotf 5}g . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf
k'h
F LjfbL wd{, ;F:sf/ ;+:s[lt hldg lautb]lv g} lg/Gt/?kdf ;+3if{ ub}{ cfPsf] clgn zdf{sf cg';f/ k':tsfnodf #() dxf;lrj ljKnj ;L ;+/Ifs /x]sf] pQm
d'lg u8\g' k5{ To;sf lj?4 xfdLn] atfpFb} hgtfsf] andf ;+;bLo Joj:yf zLif{ssf rf/ xhf/eGbf a9L k':ts k':tsfnosf ;+rfns ;ldltdf a;Gt
cg';Gwfg u/]sf] ;L ;dfhsf] ;+:sf/ vf/]h u/]/ j}1flgs ;dfhjfb NofP/} 5f]8g\ ] cyf{t\ ! nfv !$ xhf/ Ps ;o gAa] >]i7, ;'Gb/ cf]nL, e]if/fh e'iffn, ljgf]b
;+:s[lt nfu" ug'{ kb{5 . ;L ;dfhn] b[9tf;d]t JoQm u/] . ?kofF a/fa/sf k':ts /x]sf 5g\ . n'O6F n] , ;'dg l;+xnufot /x]sf 5g\ .
;dfhdf ePsf ;j} k'h F LjfbL ;F:sf/
;+:s[lt vf/]h ug'{ kb{5 / clxn] xfdLn]
hGd, ljjfxf / d[To' ;F:sf/ tof/
ul/;s]sf 5f}, o;sf] Joks k|rf/ /
xfdL cfkm}nF ] s8fO{kj" s
{ sfof{Gjog ug{'
of}g lx+;faf6 arf}+ / arfcf}+
kb{5 . yk ;F:sf/ / ;+:s[ltsf] xfdLn]
ljsf; u/L nfu" ug{ nufpg' kb{5 . Ø of}ghGo lx+;f ;fdflhs ck/fw xf] .
To;kl5 dfq of] bnfn k'h F LjfbL wd{,
;F:sf/, ;+:s[lt ;bfsf] nflu of] wtL{af6
vf/] h x' g ] 5 . ta dfq bnfn
Ø o:tf] lx+;f l5d]sL, cfkmGt / gft]bf/af6 ;d]t x'g;S5 .
k' F h Ljfbsf] cGTo u/L j} 1 flgs
;dfhjfb nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5f}F . Ø cleefjsn] cfˆgf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] Jojxf/ Vofn u/f}+ .
lzIff=====
k/LIffkmn k|sfzg sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg Ø pgLx?sf] rfnrng, afgL Jojxf/df c:jefljs kl/
ub}{ dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] ;f] s'/f
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hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] rfx]sf] / ?lr
jt{g cfPsf] x'g;S5 .
ePsf] ljifo ;xh ?kdf k9\g kfpg'kg]{
atfP . pgn] b]zdf wgL / ul/asf Ø To:tf] kfOP tTsfn pgLx?;Fu s'/f u/f}+ .
nflu lzIffgLlt km/s ePsf] pNn]v
ub}{ o;nfO{ tTsfn cGTo ug{k' g]{ atfP .
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] o'jf ljb]z
afnaflnsfnfO{ s'g} ;d:of eP dg ldNg] ;fyL jf
uP/ b]z ;d[4 gaGg] 7f]sj' f ub}{ b]z
;d[4 agfpg o'jfx?n] b]zleq} >d ug{k' g]{
cleefjsnfO{ atfcf}+ .
atfP . pgn] o'jfx?nfO{ b]zleq} lzIff
/ /f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yf ug{' kg]{ atfpFb}
o;s} nflu g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] ;+3if{
ub}{ cfPsf] atfP . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn]
lzIffnfO{ df}lns clwsf/sf] ?kdf
:jLsf/ u/]sf] eP klg lzIffdf lghLs/0f
/ Aofkf/Ls/0f x'bF } uPsf]n] Psflt/ lzIff
h:tf] /fHosf] k|ToIf of]hgf / lhDd]jf/L
leq kg]{ ljifo lsga]rsf] dfWod aGb}
uPsf] 5 eg] csf{l] t/ ;+ljwfgdf Aoj:yf
g] k fn ;/sf/
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ul/Psf] gful/ssf] lzIff;DaGwL xs
sfof{Gjogsf] k|Tofe"lt x'g ;Sg] l:yt
5}g . pQm sfo{qmddf dxf;lrj ljKnj
;Ln] ljleGg ljBfdf pTs[i6 x'g]
ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ;Ddfg / k'/:sf/ ljt/0f
u/]sf lyP .
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