‘tLg a'b“ ] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog geP k|lt/f]w x'G5’
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf
jif{ !&, c+s &,
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf k|jQmf k|sf08 ;L / k|wfgdGqL k|r08aLr e]6jftf{
g]skfsf g]tf–sfo{stf{dfly nufOPsf] d'2f /fhgLlts / sfg"gL b[li6n] lg?k0f ug]{ ;xdlt
sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l g:6
kf6L{ s f k| j Qmf k| s f08 ;L /
k|wfgdGqL tyf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL
_s]Gb|sf cWoIf k|r08aLr zlgaf/
ck/fGx k|wfgdGqL lgjf; afn'jf6f/df
e]6jftf{ ePsf] 5 . pQm e]6jftf{df
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ / ;/sf/aLr
@)&& kmfu'g @! ut] ePsf] tLg
a'Fb] ;xdltsf] pNn+3g ub}{ lhNnf
cbfnt sf7df8f}Fn] g]kfn sDo'lgi6
kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnj ;L, k|jQmf
k|sf08 ;Lnufot kf6L{sf zLif{ g]tfx¿
lj?4 hf/L u/]sf] cfb]zsf] laifodf
uDeL/ 5nkmn ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
pQm e]6jftf{df tLg a'Fb] ;xdlt
adf]lhd g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf
g] t f– sfo{ s tf{ d fly nufOPsf]
d'2fx¿.nfO{ /fhgLlts / sfg"gL
b[li6n] lg?k0f ug]{ ljifodf ;xdlt
g]skfåf/f e"sDk k|efljt a:tLsf] k'glg{df{0fsf nflu PsLst[ ;xfotf 3'DtL 6f]nL kl/rfng
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n]
e"sDk k|efljt j:tLsf] k'glg{df{0fsf]
nflu kf6L{sf ;of}F g]tf–sfo{stf{ ;xefuL
…PsLs[t ;xfotf 3'DtL l6dÚ kl/rfng
u/]sf] 5 . g]skfsf] PsLs[t ;xfotf
3'DtL l6dn] ljz]ifu/L e"sDk k|efljt
lhNnf hfh/sf]6, ?s'd klZrd /
;Nofg lhNnfdf elTsPsf 3/sf]
5g\ . g]skfsf dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln]
@)*) ;fn d+l;/ @$ ut] cfOtaf/ (Dec. 10, 2023)
ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
o;} u /L, pQm e] 6 jftf{ d f
;dfhjfbL df]rf{ g]kfnsf] u7g /
To;n] /fli6«o /fhgLltdf kf/]sf]
;s/fTds k|efjsf] ljifodf 5nkmn
ePsf] / b]zsf] /fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf]
uDeL/ ;jfn / ljBdfg cfly{s,
/fhgLlts ;+s6sf] cu|ufdL lgsf;
Pjd\ g]kfnL df}lnstfsf] ;dfhjfbL
k|0ffnL lgdf{0f ug]{ p2]Zo ;lxt ag]sf]
;dfhjfbL df] r f{ s f] cfufdL
sfo{qmdsf nflu l5§} a}7s a:g]
;xdlt ;d]t ePsf] atfOPsf] 5
o;}u/L, pQm e]6jftf{df g]kfnsf]
sDo'lg:6 / dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngnfO{
6'+uf]df k'¥ofpg qmflGtsf/L aLr
Pstf x'gk' g]{ ljifodf ;d]t 5nkmn
ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L, pQm e]6jftf{df b]zsf]
k'glg{df{0fsf] sfdx? ug]5
{ . g]skfn]
e"sDk kLl8t …PsLs[t ;xfotf 3'DtL
6LdÚ åf/f 3/jf/ljxLg ePsf
kLl8tx?sf] c:yfoL cfjf; lgdf{0f ug]{
/ kfnd'lgsf] af;sf] lr;f]af6 arfpg]
d'Vo nIo lnPsf] 5 .
o:t} …PsLs[t ;xotf 3'DtL l6dÚ
n] e"sDk k|efljt hgtfsf nflu
jt{dfg /fhgLlts ;+s6sf] ljifodf
;d] t uDeL/ 5nkmn ePsf]
atfOPsf] 5 .
g] k fn sDo' l g:6 kf6L{ /
;/sf/aLr @)&& kmfu'g @! ut]
ePsf] tLg a'Fb] ;xdltsf] pNn+3g
ub}{ ut ;f]daf/ lhNnf cbfnt
sf7df8f}Fn] g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;L, k|jQmf k|sf08
;Lnufot kf6L{sf zLif{ g]tfx¿ lj?4
hf/L u/]sf] cfb]z kl5 b'O{ g]tfaLr
ePsf] e]6jftf{ cy{k"0f{ /x]sf] 5 .
:d/0fLo 5, @)&& kmfNu'g @!
ut] tTsflng s]kL cf]nL g]t[Tjsf]
;/sf/ / g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{aLr
ePsf] # a'Fb] ;xdltdf b'j} kIf–
g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf g]kfn sDo'lgi6
kf6L{, b]zsf] /fhg}lts ;d:ofx¿.
jftf{ tyf ;+jfbaf6 ;dfwfg ug{,
;+ s lnt /fxt ljt/0fdf x' g ]
clgoldtfdf va/bf/L ug]b{ l] v :jf:Yo,
lzIffnufotsf b}lgs hLjgdf cfpg]
;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg nflu ;Sbf]
;xof]u ug]{ g]skfn] hgfPsf] 5 .
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Lsf]
lgb]z
{ gcg';f/ g]skf klZrd n'lDagL
Ao"/f], g]skf k"jL{ n'lDagL Ao"/f] tyf
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt a'wjf/ kf]i6 kf6L{ 86\sd;Fusf]
sfof{Gjog geP/ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 cGtjf{tf{df /fHosf ;a} cË /
d"No ?= !).– kf6L{n] k|lt/f]w ug]{ r]tfjgL lbPsf -af“ s L clGtd k] h df_
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ cfˆgf ;a}
/fhg} l ts lqmofsnfkx¿.
nufOPsf] k|ltjGw, sf/fuf/df /x]sf
kf6L{sf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x¿.sf]
;xdltsf] g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n]
cIf/zM kfngf u/] klg ;/sf/n]
zflGtk"0f{?kdf ;+rfng ug{ / g]kfn l/xfO{ / ;Dk"0f{ d'2fx¿ . vf/]h ug{ ;f] ;xdlt xfn;Dd k" 0 f{ ? kdf
;/sf/ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{dfly ;xdt ePsf] lyof] . of] tLg a'Fb] sfof{Gjog u/]sf] 5}g .
‘cbfntsf] c/fhs / ljWj+zsf/L cfb]z vf/]h x'gk' 5{’
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf k|aQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] bnfn ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] ljsNksf] zlQmsf] ?kdf plePkl5
cbfntsf] c/fhs / ljWj+zsf/L cfb]z vf/]h x'gk' g]{ atfPsf k|ltqmflGtsf/L, k|ltlqmofjfbL, k|ltufdL tyf ;fd|fHojfbL
5g\ . g]skf b}nv
] åf/f d+unaf/ cfof]lht k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdnfO{ zlQmx?n] g]skf dfly ljleGg if8\oGq ug{ yfn]sf] 7f]sj' f ub}{
;Daf]wg ub}{ k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] ;f] s'/f atfPsf x'g\ . eg]– …of] bnfn ;+;bLo k'FhLjfbL Joj:yfsf] ;d:of xf],
k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] cbfntsf] c/fhs / ljWj+zsf/L kl/jt{gsf/L qmflGtsf/L zlQm / hgtfdfly of] Joj:yfdf if8\oGq
cfb]z vf/]h x'gk' g]{ / # a'bF ] ;xdlt /fHosf ;a} c+u lhDd]jf/ x'G5 . s'g} klg xfntdf bnfn Joj:yfsf] if8\oGq vf/]hL ug{'
eP/ sfo{Gjog ul/g' kg]{ dfu ub}{ olb To;f] gul/P To;af6 k5{, of] Joj:yfnfO{ abn]/ g]kfndf g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfbL
pTkGg kl/l:yltsf] lhDd]jf/ /fHo / /fHo ;+rfns x'gk' g]{ Joj:yfsf] :yfkgf ug{k' 5{ .Ú
r]tfjgL;d]t lbPsf 5g\ . k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] hgtfnfO{ Ho"Fb} dg{ afWo agfpg] bnfn
pgn] cbfntsf] ljWj+zsf/L cfb]z lj?4 kf6L{n] ;+3if{sf] ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf sf/0f nfvf}+ g]kfnL o'jfx? ljb]lzPsf] /
sfo{qmd ;d]t 3f]if0ff u/]sfn] ;a} kf6L{ g]tf–cfdg]kfnL h;sf sf/0f lbgx'F g]kfnsf] lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yndf
hgtfnfO{ :jLsfo{ gx'g] atfP . g]kfnL o'jfx?sf] nf;x? cfpg] u/]sf] pNn]v ub}{ g]kfnL
k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ g]kfnL /fhgLltdf -af“ s L clGtd k] h df_
‘tLg a'“b] ;xdlt sfg'gs} Ps c· xf], cbfnt sfg'g ljkl/t uof]’
sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l g:6 ePsfn] cbfnt sfg'g ljkl/t hfg
kf6L{sf :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o tyf gx'g] atfPsf 5g\ .
/fKtL Ao" / f] s f g] t f–sfo{ s tf{ s f]
l6dnfO{ e"sDk kLl8t …PsLs[t
;xfotf 3' D tL 6LdÚ u7g u/L
k'glg{df{0fsf] sfddf kl/rfng u/]sf]
g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf /fKtL
Ao"/f] OGrfh{ ;ljg ;Ln] hfgsf/L k|sfzg ljefu OGrfh{ clgn ;Ln] sf7df8f}F lhNnf cbfntn] tLg
lbPsf 5g\\ . g]skfn] ;/sf/;Fu u/]sf] tLg a'Fb] a'Fb] ;xdlt ljkl/t g]skfsf zLif{
-af“ s L clGtd k] h df_ /fhgLlts ;xdlt sfg'gs} cË -af“ s L clGtd k] h df_
 2 @)*) ;fn d+l;/ @$ ut] cfOtaf/
ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8, xfdL xfd|f] tl/sfn] n8\5f}

✍ ;DkfbsLo
– s= dfcf]T;] t'ª
s] xf] kqmfp k'hL{ k|s/0f <
sf7df8f}F lhNnf cbfntn] @)&^ h;n] ubf{ of] kl/l:ylt ;[hgf ePsf] ;/sf/n] ;+zf]wg k|:tfj ;+;bdf btf{ d'2fx?nfO{ 5'6o\ fP/ sfg'gL k|lqmofaf6
tLg a'b
“ ] ;xdltsf] pNn+3g ;fn k'ifsf] d'2f Ao'tF fP/ @)*) d+;L/
!* ut] g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf
5 . x'g t k|r08 cWoIf /xg'ePsf]
g]skf -dfs]_ ;Fu xfd|f] kf6L{sf]
u/fPsf] 5 / Tof] kf; x'g afFsL 5 .
t/, Pp6f oyfy{ ;To s] xf] eg]
cl3 a9\g] u/L cGo ;a} d'2fx?nfO{
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{oåf/f tTsfn vf/]h
b]zdf åGå lgDTofpg] if8\oGq dxf;lrj ljKnj ;L, k|jQmf k|sf08
;/sf/n] g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ / ;/sf/aLr @)&& kmfu'g @! ut] ePsf]
;L, lklaPd dfOnf ;Lnufotsf gfddf
kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L u/]sf] 5 . cbfntsf] /fdnfn ;L
tLg a'bF ] ;xdltsf] pNn+3g u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cË lhNnf cbfnt pQm sfo{ @)&& ;fn kmfu'g @! ut]
sf7df8f}n F ] ut ;f]daf/ tLg a'bF ] ;xdltsf] pNn+3g ub}{ g]skfsf zLif{:y ;DkGg # a'bF ] ;xdltsf] 7f8f] pNn+3g olb xfdL g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf
g]tfx?lj?4 kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L u/]sf] 5 . lhNnf cbfnt sf7df8f}n F ] ;f]daf/ dfq xf]Og b]zsf ;d:ofnfO{ zflGtk"0f{
uf]/vfkqdf k|sflzt u/]sf] #% lbg] ;"rgfdf g]skfsf dxf;lrj ljKnj,
tl/sfn] lgsf; lbg e}/x]sf uDeL/ g]tf–sfo{stf{nfO{ unfpg], ysfpg] /
kxn dflysf] ljWj+;fTds xdnf klg
k|jQmf k|sf08, dfOe:nf nfdf / /fh' sfsL{sf] gfddf cbfntdf pkl:ylt xf] . cfdgful/snfO{ yfxf 5 ls oxL Joj:yfdf cfTd;dk{0f ug{
x'g\ eGb} kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L u/]sf] xf] . pQm kqmfp k'hL{df /fHolj?4 s;'/ u/]sf] k|ltaGw x6fpFbf /fHo;Fu ul/Psf] #
eGb} cbfntdf xflh/L x'g elgPsf] 5 . o:t} /fHo lj?4sf] csf]{ d'2fdf a'bF ] ;xdltdWo] Pp6f a'bF f kf6L{ g]tf– nufpg] ;f]rsf ;fy sf]xL cl3 a9L
sfo{stf{ dfly nufOPsf d'2f lkmtf{
dxf;lrj ljKnj / dfOnf nfdflj?4 kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L ul/Psf] 5 . @)&^
lng] / aGbL sd/]8x?nfO{ d'Qm ug]{
/fv]sf] 5 eg] Tof] sbflk ;kmn
c;f]h ( df bfo/ ePsf] d'2fdf /fHolj?4sf] s;'/ u/]sf] cleof]u 5 .
cleof]udf dxf;lrj ljKnj, k|jQmf k|sf08, lbk]z /fO{, x]dGt k|sfz
5 . /fHosf ;xdltnfO{ sfg'gsf] cË
agfP/ ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ d2t
x'g5] g} . x]Ssf /xf];\ b]zL–ljb]zL
cf]nL, pboaxfb'/ rnfpg], rGb|axfb'/ v8\sf, /fh' sfsL{, gljg lji6 / ug{k' g]{ d'Vo cË cbfntn] g} u}/sfg'gL zlQmx? g]kfndf sDo'lg:6 l;Wofpg]
s]bf/ vltj8fnfO{ ljkIfL agfOPsf] 5 . sbd rfNg' eg]sf] b]zdf zflGt efF8g\
;f]xL lbg dxf;lrj ljKnj, xl/axfb'/ v8\sf, dfOnf nfdf -eLd9'u+ f_, cbfnt / GofofwLz g} ;lqmo ag]sf] v]ndf nflu/x]sf 5g\ . xfdLnfO{
t xf]Og eGg] cfz+sf k}bf ePsf] 5 .
dfOnf nfdf -sfdkf–(_, ;'/G] b| dxh{glj?4sf] /fhb|fx] sf] csf]{ d'2f klg xfdL cbfntsf] o:tf] u}/lhDd]jf/ cK7\of/f] kf/]/ cfk"m ;'/lIft x'G5' eg]/ s;}n] g;f]r] x'G5 . sDo'lg:6
btf{ ePsf] 5 . pgLx?dfly ;+ul7t cfk/flws ;d"xdf cfj4 eO{ la:kmf]6s sfo{kl| t ;/sf/, /fhgLlts bnx?,
kbfy{;DaGwL s;'/ u/]sf] cf/f]k 5 . a'l4hLlj, dfgjflwsf/jfbL, o'jf laBfyL{, gfdwf/L s;}n] klg cfk"mnfO{ ;'/lIft g;f]r] x'G5 . To;kl5 kfnf]
>lds hgtfsf] Wofg k'uf]; ;fy} #
g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;dfhjfbL Joj:yfsf nflu ;+3if{ ubf{ / s/ 5Ng] Pg;]n
a'bF ] ;xdltnfO{ oyfzL3| nfu" ug{, cfpF5 Odfgbf/ k|ultzLn nf]stflGqs zlQm / b]zeQm zlQmsf] . t;y{
dfly sf/jfxL ubf{ g]skf dfly tTsflng s]kL cf]nL g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/n]
d'2fx? vf/]h ug{ / aGbL sd/]8x? ;Dk"0f{ jfdkGyL sDo'lg:6, k|ultzLn nf]stGqjfbL / b]zeQm zlQm
@)&% ;fn kmfu'g @* ut] k|ltaGw nufPsf] lyof] . sl/a b'O{ aif{ kl5 d'Qm ug{ ;/sf/ uDeL/ agf]; eGg]
@)&& ;fn kmfu'g @) ut] s]kL cf]nL g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/ / g]skfaLr # a'bF ] cfu|x ub{5f}+ . Pstfa4 eP/ cfhsf] ;+s6 ;dfwfgtkm{ cufl8 a9f}+ .
;xdlt ePkl5 g]skf v'Nnf /fhgLltdf k|jz ] u/]sf] lyof] . @)&& kmfu'g @! ut] g]skf /
:d/0fLo 5, @)&& kmfNu'g @! ut] tTsflng s]kL cf]nL g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/ g]kfn ;/sf/ aLr ;DkGg # a'bF ] ;dfhjfbL df]rf{ lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . ljBdfg g]kfnsf] sfg'gL k|fjwfg / ug{ ;S5 . of] ;a ug{ k|wfgdGqLnfO{
/ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{aLr ePsf] # a'bF ] ;xdltdf b'j} kIf–g]kfn ;/sf/ ;xdlt clxn];Dd lsg k"0f{ ¿kdf k|r08n] ca l5§} g]skf;Fu Pstf sfg'gljb\sf /focg';f/ hGds}b x'g] s'g s'/fn] /f]ls/fv]sf] 5 <
nfu" x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g t < x'Fb}5 eg]/ efif0f klg ug{'x'G5, cem k|sl[ tsf d'2f / xftxltof/ lgdf{0f olb xfdL g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf
tyf g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{, b]zsf] /fhg}lts ;d:ofx? jftf{ tyf ;+jfbaf6 # a'bF ] ;xdltdWo] Pp6f a'bF f dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf ;fyLx¿ sltko Pj+ sf/f]af/;Fu ;DalGwt d'2f vf/]h g]tf–sfo{stf{nfO{ unfpg], ysfpg]
;dfwfg ug{, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ cfˆgf ;a} /fhg}lts lqmofsnfkx? kf6L{ g]tf–sfo{stf{ dfly nufOPsf 7fpFdf t dfly s]Gb|df xfdL Ps ug{ sfg'gn] /f]ss ] f] 5 h;sf] nflu / oxL Joj:yfdf cfTd;dk{0f ug{
zflGtk"0f{?kdf ;+rfng ug{ / g]kfn ;/sf/ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{dfly nufOPsf] d'2f lkmtf{ lng] / aGbL sd/]8x?nfO{ e};Sof}+ eg]/ ;d]t aLrsf sfo{stf{ sfg'g ;+zf]wgsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . nufpg] ;f]rsf ;fy sf]xL cl3 a9L
k|ltaGw, sf/fuf/df /x]sf kf6L{sf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?sf] l/xfO{ / ;Dk"0f{ d'Qm ug]{ /x]sf] 5 . of] ;xdlt nfu" / hgtfnfO{ cfˆgf] kf6L{df ;d]6\g] cGo ;a} d'2fx? dlGqkl/ifbn] lg0f{o /fv]sf] 5 eg] Tof] sbflk ;kmn
d'2fx? vf/]h ug{ ;xdt ePsf] lyof] . gx'bF f o;k|sf/sf] kqmfp k'hL{ k|s/0f sf]l;; ul//fVg' ePsf] ;'lgG5 t/ u/L vf/]h ug{ ;S5 . xfd|f] kf6L{sf x'g]5}g . x]Ssf /xf];\ b]zL–ljb]zL
bf]xf]l//x]sf] 5 . o;eGbf cl3 g]skf k|wfgdGqLsf] kxndf dlGqkl/ifbn] g]tf–sfo{stf{ dfly nufOPsf clwsf+z zlQmx? g]kfndf sDo'lg:6 l;Wofpg]
g]skf / ;/sf/aLr tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt ePkl5 b]zL– ljb]zL bnfn tTjx? -Pdfn]_ sf] cf]nL g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/, lg0f{o u/]/ vf/]h ug{ ;lsg] d'2fsf] d'2f em'§f 5g\ . tL d'2fx? klg v]ndf nflu/x]sf 5g\ . xfdLnfO{
pQm ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog x'g glbg sDd/ s;]/ nfu]sf 5g\ eg] oL tdfd g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] b]pjf g]t[Tjsf] ;fdfGo ljifo clxn];Dd xn x'g ;fdfGovfnsf h:t} xftxltof/– cK7\of/f] kf/]/ cfk"m ;'/lIft x'G5'
ca/f]wx? l5rf]Nb} g]skf lg/Gt/ jftf{sf] dfWodaf6 tLg a'Fb] ;xdlt ;/sf/ / xfn cfP/ g]skf -dfs]_ ;s]sf] 5}g . o:tf] bf]xf]/f] rl/q lsg v/vhfgf, la:kmf]6, ;+ul7t ck/fw, eg]/ s;}n] g;f]r] x'G5 . sDo'lg:6
k"0f{?kdf sfof{Gjog u/fpg nfluk/]sf] 5 . tTsflng s]kL cf]nL g]t[Tjsf] sf] k| r 08 g] t [ T jsf] ;/sf/sf] k| b z{ g e} / fv] s f] 5 k| w fgdGqL ceb| Jojxf/ cflb /x]sf 5g\, hf] gfdwf/L s;}n] klg cfk"mnfO{ ;'/lIft
;/sf/ / g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{aLr # a'Fb] ;xdlt ePsf] aiff}{+ gfl3;Sbf pbfl;gtf / clgR5fsf sf/0f o:tf] k|r08af6 /x:odo 5 < dlGqkl/ifbsf] lg0f{oåf/f ;xh} lg0f{o g;f]r] x'G5 . To;kl5 kfnf] cfpF5
e}/x]sf] 5 . clxn]sf] kqmfp k'hL{ sxf“ c8\lsPsf] 5 t d'2f vf/]hL u/L vf/]h ug{ ;lsG5 . d'l:snn] ! Odfgbf/ k|ultzLn nf]stflGqs
;d]t g]skf w}o{jfg\ x'Fb} lg/Gt/ jftf{ / ;Djfbdf h'l6/x]sf] 5 . p;sf] of] k|s/0fsf] d'Vo lhDd]jf/ g]kfn k| l qmof < k|ltzteGbf klg sd o:tf d'2f hf] zlQm / b]zeQm zlQmsf] . t;y{
b]z / hgtfk|ltsf] lhDd]jf/L / OdfGbfl/tfnfO{ ;/sf/n] gh/cGbfh ug{' ;/sf/ To;df klg k|wfgdGqL k|r08 ca sltkonfO{ nfUg ;S5 / hGds}b ug]{ k|sl[ tsf x'g ;S5g\ h;sf] ;Dk"0f{ jfdkGyL sDo'lg:6, k|ultzLn
;/sf/sf] sdhf]/L xf] . x'gG' 5 . t/, ;/sf/ sfg'g ;+zf]wgsf] To:tf] kfl/Psf] klg 5 ls sfg'gdf nflu sfg'g ;+zf]wg cfjZos kb{5 . nf] s tGqjfbL / b] z eQm zlQm
t;y{, ;/sf/n] g]skfsf] w}ot{ fnfO{ gh/cGbfh ug{' x'bF g} . g]skfsf] axfgf agfP/ d' 2 f vf/] h L ug] { ;+zf]wg gul/sg d'2f vf/]h x'g ;Sb}g t/, olb ;/sf/n] rfxg] xf] eg] To:tf Pstfa4 eP/ cfhsf] ;+ s 6
cfu|xnfO{ gh/cGbfh ug{' /fi6«, /fli6«otf / hgtfdfly 3ft ug{' xf], ;/sf/ ljifonfO{ l9nf–9fnf ul//x]sf] 5 / clxn] sfg'g ;+zf]wgsf nflu sfg'g ;+zf]wg u/]/ vf/]h ug]{ ;dfwfgtkm{ cufl8 a9f}+ .

kqmfp k'hL{ zflGt ef“8g\ ] if8\oGq

o;df ;r]t x'gk} 5{ . To;sf/0f ;/sf/n] g]skf;Fu u/]sf] tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt
tTsfn sfof{Gjog ug{k' 5{ . cGoyf, ;/sf/sf] u}/lhDd]jf/k"0f{ sfo{lj?4
cfdk|ultzLn, nf]stGqjfbL, /fi6«jfbL, qmflGtsf/L bn, g]tfnufot ;r]t
gful/s ;8sdf pqg] 5g\ / ToxLFaf6 /fi6«3ftL–hg3ftL ;/sf/, ;+;b\jfbL
bn, ltgsf g]tf / dltof/x?nfO{ v/fgL agfP/} 5f]8g\ ] 5g\, r]tgf eof .
afx| jif{kl5 g]kfn :sfp6sf] lgjf{rg x'b“ }
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn :sfp6sf] :yfgLo,
k|bz
] / /fli6«o kl/ifb\sf] lgjf{rg ug]{
tof/L ePsf] 5 . afnaflnsf tyf
o'jfx?sf] cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf If]qdf
sfo{/t :sfp6sf] :yfgLo kl/ifb\sf]
lgjf{rg cfufdL k'; @& b]lv @(
ut];Dd tyf k|bz ] kl/ifb\x? / /fli6«o
kl/ifb\sf] lgjf{rg cfufdL df3 ^ ut]
;DkGg ug]{ ldlt tf]lsPsf] tby{
;ldltsf ;+of]hs Pj+ k|dv ' cfo'Qm
nf]saxfb'/ e08f/Ln] hfgsf/L lbP .
lgjf{rgcl3 oxL dª\l;/ #)
ut]leq …cgnfOgÚ ;b:otf cfj]bg
eg{ ;"rgf hf/L ul/Psf] 5 . tL
lgjf{rg ko{j]If0fsf nflu ljZj
:sfp6 ;Ë7g -cf]hd_ / jfU;sf
cGt/f{li6«o k|ltlglwnfO{ cfdGq0f
ul/Psf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
g]kfn :sfp6df lj;+ @)^* df
lgjf{rg ePotf :sfp6df lgjf{rg
x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . lj;+ @)&) df
tTsfnLg k|dv ' cfo'Qmn] /fhLgfdf
lbPkl5, g]kfn :sfp6 tby{ ;ldltsf
cfwf/df rNb} cfPsf] 5 . g]kfn
:sfp6 P]g, @)%) cg';f/ k|To]s
rf/ jif{df cfjlws lgjf{rg x'g]
Joj:yf eP klg cfGtl/s ljjfbsf
sf/0f r'gfj x'g g;s]sf] xf] .
k|ltaGw km'sj' f ePsf] b'O{ jif{kl5
;fd|fHojfbLsf] u|f08 l8hfOgdf
g]skf dxf;lra ljKna ;L / k|aQmf
k|sf08 ;L ;d]tsf g]tfnfO{ kqmfp
k'hL{ hf/L ePsf] 5 . lhNnf cbfnt
sf7df8f} F a f6 d+ ; L/ !) ut] s f]
cfb]zfg';f/ g]skfsf g]tflj?4 #%
lbg] Dofb ePsf] kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L
ePsf] xf] . @)&& kmfu'g @) df
tLg a'bF ] ;xdtL eO{ g]skf km'sj' f
ePsf] xf] . tLg a'Fb]sf] t];|f] a'Fbfdf
g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]skf dfly nufPsf]
k|ltaGw x6fpg tyf sf/fuf/df
/x]sf g]tf–sfo{stf{ l/xfO{ ug{ /
;Dk"0f{ d'2fx? vf/]h ug{ ;xdlt
ePsf] xf] . t/, la8Dagf sf7df8f}F
lhNnf cbfntn] ;xdltnfO{ ldr]/
kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L ug' if8\oGq t
xf]Og < eGg] cfz+sf ug{ ;lsG5 .
k|r08n] To:tf] gug{ kg]{ xf] eg]sf]
s'/f ;fdflhs ;~hfndf cfPsf] 5 .
g]skf, g]skf s]Gb|, h;kf / g]skf
P;, g]skf ;dfhjfbL ;dfhjfbL
df]rf{df cfa4 5g\ . To;sf/0f kqmfp
k' h L{ l j?4 :jo+ k| w gdGqL klg
nfUg'k5{ . g]skfn] Pd;L;Lsf] ;zQm
lj/f] w ub} { cfPsf] ;Gbe{ d f
;fd|fHojfbL zlQmn] pS;fPsf] klg
x'g;S5 . cd]l/sfnfO{ g]kfn dxTjk"0f{
;fdl/s If]q 5 . cd]l/sfn] g]kfnsf]
5ftLdf 6]s/] rLg lj?4 lqmofsnfk
ug{;S5 . clxn] lagf k|;+u vf6f
k/]sf] 3fpnfO{ ;/sf/n] sf]6\ofpg
emk]Gb|/fh a}B
ca b]zdf zflGt
sfod ug]{ xf] eg]
t'= g]skfnfO{ hf/L
ul/Psf] kqmfp
k'hL{ vf/]h ug{'
k5{ . cGoyf cfuf]nfO{ rnfpg] xf]
eg] k"/} cfuf]n] jg ;vfk kfg]{ 5 .
:jtGqtf, ;dfgt / /fli6«otfk|lt
clxn] ;Dk"0f{ sDo'lgi6 / b]zeQm
Psh'6 eO{ k|ltlqmofjfbL /
bnfnlj?4 n8\gk' g]{ cfjZos 5 .
yfn]sf] 5 . ;/sf/;Fusf] ;xdlt
sfg' g ;/x x' G 5 . Pp6f
;/sf/;Fusf] ;xdlt csf{ ;/sf/n]
klg dfGg'k5{ . To;}n] Pp6f sfg'g
5 . Pp6f ;xdlt 5 t/ Jojxf/
csf]{ 5 . ;xdlt pNn+3glj?4
cGt/f{l6«o cbfntdf klg l/6 hfx]/
ug{ ;lsG5 . clxn] g]skfsf] s'g}
laWj+zfTds ultlalw klg ePsf]
b]lvFb}g . zflGtk"0f{ tl/sfn] g]skfn]
cfk\mgf] ultlalw ub}{ cfPsf] cj:yf
5 . cem eGg] xf] eg] g] s kf
pTkfbgdf nfu]sf] cj:yf 5 . t/,
bnfn k'h F Ljfbn] cfuf]nfO{ rnfO/x]sf]
5 . g]skfsf] PsLs[t hgqmflGtaf6
tl;{P/ bnfnsf k'R5/x?n] cfuf]nfO{
rnfO/x]sf 5g\ . g]skfn] Pg;]nn]
/fh:j s/ lt/]g eg]/ Pg;]nsf] lj/f]w
ubf{ sl/a b'O{ jif{ k|ltaGwdf k/]sf]
xf] . clxn] Pg;]nsf] ultlalw 3fF6L–
3fF6L cfPsf] 5 . ! va{ &) ca{ kg]{
Pg;]nnfO{ ^ ca{df a]lrFb5 } . clxn]
hgtf aLrdf lgs} rrf{ eP/ s]xL
lbg a'‰g] eGb} :ylut ul/Psf] 5 .
ca b]zdf zflGt sfod ug]{ xf]
eg] t'= g]skfnfO{ hf/L ul/Psf]
kqmfp k'hL{ vf/]h ug{' k5{ . cGoyf
cfuf]nfO{ rnfpg] xf] eg] k"/} cfuf]n]
jg ;vfk kfg] { 5 . :jtGqtf,
;dfgt / /fli6« o tfk| l t clxn]
;Dk"0f{ sDo'lgi6 / b]zeQm Psh'6
eO{ k|ltlqmofjfbL / bnfnlj?4
n8\g'kg]{ cfjZos 5 .
 @)*) ;fn d+l;/ @$ ut] cfOtaf/
tLg a'b“ ] ;xdltsf] pNn+3g / ;/sf/dfly p7]sf] k|Zg
jt{dfg ;/sf/n] g]qlaqmd rGb
g]tT[ jsf] g]skf;Fu )&& kmfu'g @!
ut] ePsf] tLg a' F b ] ;xdltsf]
pNn+3g ub}{ ;f] kf6L{sf dxf;lrj
rGbnufotsf zLif{ g]tfx?lj?4
8f= s]zj b]jsf]6f
Tolta]nf k|wfgdGqL s]kL cf]nL / g]skfsf
dxf;lrj rGbsf] pkl:yltdf b'a} kIfsf] jftf{
6f]nLsf ;+of]hsx? ;/sf/sf u[xdGqL
/fdaxfb'/ yfkf / g]skfsf k|aStf v8\uaxfb'/
ljZjsdf{n] ;xdltkqdf x:tfIf/ ug'e{ Psf]
lyof] . To; lbg ePsf] ;xdltdf b'a} kIf
b]zsf] /fhgLlts ;d:ofx? jftf{ / ;Djfbaf6
;dfwfg ug{ ;xdt ePsf], g]skf cfkm\gf ;a}
/fhgLlts lqmofsnfk zflGtk"0f{ ?kdf ug{ ;xdt ePsf] / g]kfn ;/sf/
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{dfly nufPsf] k|ltaGw x6fpg, sf/fuf/df /x]sf kf6L{sf
g]tf / sfo{stf{ l/xfO{ ug{ / ;Dk"0f{ d'2fx? vf/]h ug{ ;xdt ePsf]
elgPsf] lyof] . g]skfn] dfq ;f] ;xdltsf] cIf/;M kfngf u/]sf] 5 . t/,
;/sf/L kIfaf6 pk/f]St ;xdlt cg'?ksf] s'g} klg Aojxf/ x'g ;s]g .
sf7df8f}F lhNnf cbfntdfkm{t\ kqmfp
k'hL{ hf/L u/fPkl5 g]kfnsf] /fli6«o
/fhgLlt / d' V o t sDo' l gi6
kf6L{x?sf aLrdf laleGg k|Zgx?
p7]sf 5g\ . Tolta]nf k|wfgdGqL s]kL
cf]nL / g]skfsf dxf;lrj rGbsf]
pkl:yltdf b'a} kIfsf] jftf{ 6f]nLsf
;+ o f] h sx? ;/sf/sf u[ x dGqL
/fdaxfb'/ yfkf / g]skfsf k|aStf
v8\uaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{n] ;xdltkqdf
x:tfIf/ ug'{ePsf] lyof] . To; lbg
ePsf] ;xdltdf b'a} kIf b]zsf]
/fhgLlts ;d:ofx? jftf{ /
;Djfbaf6 ;dfwfg ug{ ;xdt
ePsf], g]skf cfkm\gf ;a} /fhgLlts
lqmofsnfk zflGtk"0f{ ?kdf ug{
;xdt ePsf] / g]kfn ;/sf/ g]kfn
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{dfly nufPsf] k|ltaGw
x6fpg, sf/fuf/df /x]sf kf6L{sf g]tf
/ sfo{stf{ l/xfO{ ug{ / ;Dk"0f{ d'2fx?
vf/]h ug{ ;xdt ePsf] elgPsf]
lyof] . g]skfn] dfq ;f] ;xdltsf]
cIf/;M kfngf u/] s f] 5 . t/,
;/sf/L kIfaf6 pk/f]St ;xdlt
cg'?ksf] s'g} klg Aojxf/ x'g ;s]g .
g]skf;Fu pSt ;+emf}tf ePsf] tLg
lbg cyf{t )&& kmfu'g @# ut]
;af]{Rr cbfntsf] Ps km};nfnfO{
axfgf agfP/ Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbL
s]Gb| cnu ePsf lyP eg] )&*
c;f/df Pdfn] g]t[Tjsf] tTsfnLg
;/sf/ klg ;QfRo't ePsf] lyof] .
To;kl5 u7g ePsf] g]sf+ / dfcf]jfbL
s] G b| ; lxtsf bnx? ;lDdlnt
;/sf/n] klg g]skf;Fu ePsf] tLg
a'Fb] ;xdltdf pNn]v ePsf s'/fx?
k" / f ug] { ÷ u/fpg] s' g } tbf?stf
b]vfPsf] lyPg . g]skfn] tTsfnLg
;/sf/sf k|wfgdGqL / u[xdGqLnfO{
k6s–k6s e]6]/ pSt ;xdltsf]
sfof{Gjogsf nflu 3r3Rofpg] sfd
u/]sf] lyof] . To;kl5 dfcf]jfbL
s]Gb|sf cWoIfsf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/
u7g ePsf] / dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|s} g]tf
u[xdGqL ePsf] klg em08} Ps jif{ x'g
nfu]sf] 5 . o;aLrdf g]skfsf y'gfdf
/x]sf sltko g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?sf]
l/xfO klg ul/Pg eg] pN6} laleGg
lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nx?dfkm{t\ g]skfsf
laleGg g]tfx?sf lj?4 kqmfp k'hL{
hf/L u/fpg] / ;DklQ /f] S sf
u/fpg]nufotsf sfdx? e}/x]sf 5g\ .
vf;df tTsflng ;xdltcg';f/
;/sf/n] g} ;a} lhNnf k|zf;g
sfof{nox?dfkm{t\ g]skfsf g]tf tyf
sfo{stf{dfly nufOPsf ;a} cleof]u
/ d'2fx? lkmtf{ lnPsf] x'gk' g]{ lyof] .
tTsfnLg cf]nL ;/sf/n] u[xdGqL
/fdaxfb'/ yfkfsf] ;+of]hsTjdf jftf{
6f] n L agfPsf] lyof] . g] s kfn]
v8\uaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{sf] ;+of]hsTjdf
jftf{ 6f]nL agfPsf] lyof] . b'jt} km{sf
aftf{ 6f]nLn] k6s–k6s lj:t[t jftf{
u/L ;xdlt u/]sf lyP . tLg a'Fb]
;xdlt x:tfIf/ ;df/f]xd} ;/sf/sf
jftf{ 6f]nLsf ;b:o Pj+ tTsfnLg
k| w fgdGqLsf ljb] z dfldnf
;Nnfxsf/ /fhg e§/fO{n] ljut Ps
jif{bl] vsf] lg/Gt/sf] k|of; kl5 jftf{
lgisif{df k'us ] f] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] .
pSt x:tfIf/ /fli6«o;ef u[xdf
:jb]zL / ljb]zL ;+~rf/sdL{sf ;fy}
tTsfnLg ;/sf/sf dGqLx? /
g]skfsf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?sf] 7"nf]
pkl:yltsf aLrdf ul/Psf] lyof] .
To;/L ;f}xfb{k0" f{?kdf ul/Psf] ;xdlt
To;kl5sf ;/sf/x?n] sfof{Gjog
gubf{ b]zdf km]l/ åGåsf] cj:yf
l;h{gf x'g] ;+s]tx? b]lvPsf 5g\ .
g] s kfn] cfkm\ g f] kf6L{ s f zLif{
g] t fx?lj?4 sf7df8f} F lhNnf
cbfntn] kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L u/]sf]
lj/f]wdf ut !( ut] sf7df8f}n
b]zsf laleGg :yfgdf dzfn h'n;
F ufot
'
ug'{sf ;fy} cGo sfo{qmdx? ub}{
cfGbf]ngsf] yfngL ul/;s]sf] 5 .
lhNnf cbfntsf] pSt ;" r gf
;fa{ h lgs ePnuQ} g] s kfsf
dxf;lrj rGbn] Ps la1lKt hf/L
ub}{ ;+3if{sf] 3f]if0ff ug'e
{ Psf] lyof] .
pxfFn] aStAodf To:tf] u}/lhDd]jf/k"0f{
sfo{kl| t /fhg}lts bnx?, a'l4hLlj,
dfgjlwsf/jfbL, o'jf laBfyL{, >lds
hgtfsf] Wofg k'uf];\ ;fy} tLg a'bF ]
;xdltnfO{ oyfzL3| nfu" ug{, d'2fx?
vf/]h ug{ / aGbLx? d'Qm ug{ ;/sf/
uDeL/ agf];\ eGg] cfu|x ug'{ePsf]
lyof] . t/, ;f] ;"rgf hf/L ePsf]
xKtf lbgeGbf a9L x'bF f klg ;/sf/n]
tLg a'bF ] ;xdltsf] sfof{Gjog ug{
cem} klg s'g} tbf?stf b]vfPsf]
5}g . cbfntn] g]skfsf g]tfx?lj?4
kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L u/]sf] lj?4 g]skf
-d;fn_ / qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{,
g]kfnnufotn] lj/f]w ul/;s]sf 5g\ .
t/, ;/sf/sf] g] t [ T j ul//x] s f]
dfcf] j fbL s] G b| / g] s kf;F u }
;dfhjfbL s]Gb|df /x]sf cGo tLg
36sn] To;af/] s'g} k|ltlqmof AoSt
gug'{ cfkm}d F f cfZro{sf] laifo ePsf]
5 . d;fnsf dxfdGqL df]xglaqmd
l;+xn] rGb;lxtsf sltko g]tf /
sfo{stf{nfO{ kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L u/]sf]
;dfrf/ k9]/ w]/}g} cfZro{ nfu]sf]
atfpg' ePsf] 5 . pxfFn] ;/sf/l;t
;Demf}tf u/]/ zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngsf
kIfdf cfPsf JolQmnfO{ kqmfp k'hL{
hf/L ug{ ' ;/sf/l;t ePsf]
;Demf}tfsf] pNn+3g ePsf] l6Kk0fL
3
klg ug' { e Psf] 5 . To;} u /L p7fOPsf lyP . df] r f{ s f]
‘qmflGt k'/f u/]/ hgtfsf ;a} ;kgf k'/f u5f}’+{
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] qmflGt k'/f u/]/
hgtfsf ;a} ;kgf k'/f ug]{ c7f]6 klg JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . sflnsf]6l:yt
nfn'nk} m' ;8scGtu{t sfd /f]lsPsf] dfNsf]6sf] lrp/Laf6 t];f| ] ;8sv08sf]
qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ g]kfnn] cjwf/0ffkqdf cfGtl/s / afx\o dlª\;/ !& ut] pb\3f6g ub}{ pgn] ;f] c7f]6 JoQm u/]sf x'g\ . k|jQmf
;/sf/sf] lgotk|lt v]b k|s6 ub}{ nufgLd}qL jftfj/0f lgdf{0f u/L k|sf08 ;Ln] hgtfsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ nIo lnP/ hgo'4 n8]sf] t/
em'7f d'2f vf/]h ug{, kqmfp k'hL{ /2 b]znfO{ cf}Bf]lusLs/0f ug],{ j}bl] zs qmflGt k'/f gePsfn] hgtfsf ;kgf k'/f ug{ g;lsPsf] atfP . pgn] g]kfn
ug{ / ;Dk"0f{ /fhaGbLx?nfO{ ljgfzt{ /f]huf/Laf6 k'FhL / k|ljlw;lxt sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ;+;bLo af6f]df gePsfn] hgtfdf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfddf
kms] { s f g] k fnLnfO{ b] z leq
/f]huf/d"ns Joj;fo ug{ k|fT] ;flxt
ug]{ / pTkfbgsf lqmofsnfk j[l4
u/L /f]huf/L k|bfg ug]{ / ul/aL
pGd"ng / /f]huf/ k|j4{gsf] If]qx?df
nufgL a9fpg tLgj6} txsf]
;/sf/nfO{ lqmofzLn agfpg] pNn]v
ul/Psf] lyof] . To;}u/L u'0f:t/Lo
;]jf k|jfxsf nflu ;fj{hlgs k|zf;g
r' : tb' ? :t agfpg] , cg' u dg / s]xL ;d:of ePsf] h:tf] 7flgP klg hgtfsf] ;fydf e|i6frf//lxt ljsf;
d"Nof+sgsf] kl/kf6L :yflkt ug]{, lgdf{0fsf] kIfdf /xsf] atfP . pgn] clxn]sf] ;+;bLo Joj:yf e|i6frf/L,
of]hgf th{d' f ug],{ zf;sLo ;'wf/ ug]{ sldzgvf]/L, bnfnL ug]{ Joj:yf ePsfn] of] Joj:yfaf6 hgtfn] clxNo}
tyf b]zdf b]vfk/]sf] clgoldttf, ;'v kfpg] ;Defjgf gePsf] atfP .
k|zf;lgs l9nf;':tL, e|i6frf/, k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] ;dfhjfbL Joj:yfdfn] dfq hgtfn] ;f]rs ] f] ljsf;
sldzgtGqh:tf ck/fw / ljs[ltnfO{ lbg] 7f]sj' f ub}{ nfn'sf] vf]nfdf :ylut ePsf] ;8s df3 !% ut];Dd h;/L
lgoGq0f u/L hgtfnfO{ ;bfrf/ / eP klg dfNsf]6 ;LufpF k'¥ofpg] k|lta4tf hgfP .
k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] olb /fHosf s'g} klg lgsfosf dflg;x?n]
;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt u/fpg] s'/fx?
klg pNn]v ul/Psf lyP . :jfwLgtf, k|ltaGwsfndf ca/f]w v8f u/]h:t} ;8s cufl8 a9fpg cj/f]w v8f u/]
;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fli6«o lxtsf] /Iff ug{ g]skfn] plrt hjfkm lng] klg r]tfjgL lbP .
Pj+ hgtfsf] ;d[l4sf nflu sfd ug]{ :d/0fLo 5, of] ;8s g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{s} g]tT[ j / kxndf k|ltjGwsfnd}
l8lkcf/ ePsf] lyof] . k|jQmf k|sf08 ;L sf] kxndf k|ltjGws} ;dodf
s'/fx? klg /x]sf lyP . ;8s ljefusf OlGhlgo/x?sf] ljz]if l6d v6fP/ l8lkcf/ u/L @)&$
;f] cjwf/0ffkqdf ;d]t ljutsf ;fn kmfu'g ! ut] hgo'4 lbj;af6 g]skfn] ;8s vGg] sfdsf] ;'?jft
laleGg sfnv08df ePsf u/]sf] lyof] . nfn'nk} m' ;8sv08sf] v'nfn'bl] v nfn', dfNsf]6 / ?K;f;Ddsf]
cfGbf]ngx?sf sf/0f laleGg bnsf
g]tf / sfo{stf{x?dfly nufOPsf
;8s v08nfO{ g]skfs} kxndf l8lkcf/ ePsf] xf] . v'nfn'bl] v dfNsf]6;Dd
s'n !@ lsnf]ld6/sf] b"/L 5 eg] dfNsf]6b]lv ?K;f;Dd !% lslnld6/sf]
l/xfO{ ug{ dfu u/]sf] 5 . kqmfp d'2fx?sf] vf/]hL / /fhaGbL l/xfOsf b"/L u/L @& lsnf]ld6/sf] ;8ssf] b"/L 5 .
k'hL{ dfq geP/ o;cl3 ut c;f]hd} nflu cfjZos sfg'gL / /fhgLlts g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] k|ltaGwsfnd} l8lkcf/ dfq xf]Og, v'nfn'af6
pbok'/ lhNnf cbfntn] g]skfsf s]xL kxn ug]{ / laleGg /fhgLlts nfn';Dd 8f]h/;lxt hgzlQm kl/rfng u/]/ s/f]8f} nfut nfUg] cg'dfgsf]
g]tf tyf sfo{stf{sf] ;DklQg} /f]Ssf bnx?;F u ePsf ;xdlt / ;8ssf] 6«Øfs vf]Ng];Ddsf] sfd u/]sf] lyof] .
ug{ lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nonfO{ cfb]z ;Demf}tfx?sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ elgPsf] ;/sf/sf] ;xof]ulagf g]skfn] ;8s vGg] sfdsf] ;'?jft u/]kl5 tTsflng
lbPsf] ;dfrf/ aflx/ cfPsf] lyof] . lyof] . t/, xfn cfP/ pSt ;dfhjfbL ;/sf/n] ljb|f]xLkIfn] ;8s vGbf r'gf}tL ylkPsf] eGb} sfd /f]s]sf] lyof] .
To;} u /L afF s ] n ufotsf cGo df]rf{df /x]sf] Ps 36s g]skfsf ;f]xL ;8s v08sf] klxnf] v08 v'nfn'b]lv nfn';Dd g]skfn] ;/sf/sf]
cj/f]wsf aLr cfkm}F sf6]sf] 5 .
lhNnfx?df klg g]skflj?4 k'hL{ hf/L g]tfx?dfly km]l/ k'hL{ hf/L u/fpg] bf];f| ] v08 nfn'bl] v dfNsf]6sf] lrp/L d]nf;Dd :yfgLo ;/sf/ afWoeP/
ug]{÷u/fpg] sfdx? e}/x]sf 5g\ . sfdx? ePsf 5g\ . h;n] ;dfhjfbL kflnsfsf] cfly{s ;xof]udf sfl6Psf] 5 .
vf;df xfn ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j / u[xdf df]rf{sf] cf}lrTodfly ;d]t k|ZglrGx o:t} clxn] dfNsf]6sf] lrp/L d]nfb]lv dfNsf]6sf] ;L ufpF x'bF } ?K;f;Ddsf]
dfcf]jfbÈL s]Gb|sf g]tfx? /x]sf] / v8f u/fpg] sfd u/]sf] 5 . g]skfsf ;8sv08 6«Øfs vf]Ng afFsL 5 . of] t];f| ] v08sf] ;8snfO{ 6«Øfs vf]Ng] sfdsf
dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| g]skf;Fu} ;dfhjfbL g]tfx?dfly cbfntdf d'2f btf{ u/fpg] nflu g]skfsf] kxndf ;+3Lo ;/sf/af6 ! s/f]8 ah]6 5'6o\ fOPsf] 5 . of]
df]rf{df ;d]t /x]sf sf/0fn] kl5Nnf] sfd tt\–tt\ ;dosf u[xdGqfno / ah]6n] hlt;Dd k'U5 Tolt;Dd ;8ssf] 6«Øfs vf]lng] 5 eg] afFsL gofF
36gfdf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf] u+le/ dftxtsf sfof{nox?n] u/]sf x'g\ . ah]6af6 sfd cufl8 a9g]5 . ;8ssf] sfdnfO{ ;'rf? ug{ g]skfsf k|jQmf
Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] x'gk' g]{ lyof] . To;}n] xfn}sf lbgdf kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L k|sf08 ;Ln] cfkm}F ;fa]nn] vg]/ ;8ssf] sfdsf] pb\3f6g u/]sf x'g\ . of] ;8s
ut c;f/ rf/ut] rf/ /fhgLlts ug'd{ f klg cbfntnfO{ dfq k[ys?kdf vGg] sfdsf] lhDdf lnPsf] 7]sb] f/ sDkgLn] sl/a cfwf k|ltzt 3l636fp
bn ldn]/ ;dfhjfbL df]rf{ g]kfnsf] bf]iff/f]k0f ug{ ldNb}g . pSt sfo{ af]nkqaf6 7]Ssf kfPsf] 5 . h]–h:tf] eP klg ;8ssf] sfdn] ult lng] ljZjf;
3f]if0ff ubf{ klg o;cl3 ;/sf/;Fu ;/sf/sf ;du| ;+ o Gqx?sf] ul/Psf] 5 . ;8ssf] sfd ;'rf? ug{ 7]sb] f/ sDkgL ;d]t tof/ cj:yfdf 5 .
ePsf ;xdltsf] sfof{ G jog ;+nUgtfdf ePsf] :ki6 5 . pSt tLg g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Låf/f ;8s pb\3f6gn] :yfgLoaf;L eg]
xlif{t ePsf 5g\ . ;L ufpFdf l5§} uf8L k'Ug] ;L ufpFaf;Ln] cfzf u/]sf 5g\ .
ug]{÷u/fpg] / /fhgLlts aGbLx?sf] a' F b ] ;xdltsf af/] d f jt{ d fg
l/xf ug]{ s'/fx? p7]sf lyP . h;df
juL{o tyf If]qLo lje]bsf] cGTo ug],{
;/sf/sf] wf/0ff s] xf] < ;f] ;xdlt
sfof{Gjog u/fpg s] kxn e}/x]sf]
/fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf] /Iffsf nflu ;dfhjfb clgafo{
dfgj ljsf; ;"rsf+sdf k5fl8 5 < To;af/] tTsfn ;fa{hlgs sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o ;'zLn ;Ln]
k/]sfx?nfO{ k|d'v k|fyldstf /fVg], hfgsf/L u/fOg' kb{5 . ;/sf/n]g} /fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf] /Iffsf nflu ;dfhjfbsf] ljsNk gePsf] atfPsf
hgtfsf] gful/s tyf cfly{ s Tolta]nf u/]sf] tLg a'bF ] ;xdltsf] 5g\ . x'Dnfsf] ;s]{uf8df pQ/ s0ff{nL Ao"/f]sf] kf6L{ k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdnfO{
clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f, ljQLo Psflwsf/ kfngf gu/]sf] dfq xf]Og, pNn+3g ;Djf]wg ub}{ :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o ;'zLn ;Ln] o:tf] s'/f atfPsf x'g . g]tf
tyf bnfn k'FhLjfbL cy{Joj:yfsf] u/]sf sf/0fn] ;Dk"0f{ qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ ;'zLnn] g]kfnsf] /fli6«o ;+s6sf] cu|ufdL lgsf; g} g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf]
lasNkdf ;dfhjfbL cy{tGqsf] / zlQmx?n] gofF 9+un] ;f]Rg'kg]{ / ;dfhjfb ePsf] lhls/ ub}{ eg]– …cd]l/sL x:tIf]k Pd;L;Ldfkm{t\ tLj|
cfwf/ tof/ kfg] { s' / fx? klg sbd rfNg'kg]{ cj:yf cfPsf] 5 . ePsf] 5, ;}Go cv8f /fVg cd]l/sf nfluk/]sf] 5 . of] ;fd|fHojfbL x:tIf]k
xf], o;sf lj?4 ;a} sDo'lgi6, qmflGtsf/L, k|ultzLn, b]zeQm zlQmx?
@) jif]{ 6\ofS;L rNg /f]s nufpg] lg0f{o vf/]h u/ Pstfa4 eP/ /fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf] /Iffsf] nflu ;dfhjfbdf hfg'k5{ .Ú
g]tf ;'zLnn] g]kfndf cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] dfu{lrq g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{;uF
sf7df8f}F . clvn g]kfn qmflGtsf/L 6«8] o'lgog dxf;+3cGtu{tsf] k]zfut dfq ePsf] / o;n] dfq g]kfnsf] bL3{sflng ;dfwfg lbg] bfaL u/] . pgn]
36s clvn g]kfn qmflGtsf/L oftfoft dhb'/ ;+3n] @) jif]{ 6\ofS;L bnfn ;+;bLo Joj:yfaf6 g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfn] b'Mv kfpg] / b]zs}
afUdtL / u08sL k|bz ] df rNg /f]s nufpg] lg0f{osf] uDeL/ cfklQ hgfpFb} cl:tTj sfnfGt/ g/xg]
lj/f]w u/]sf] 5 . ;+3sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf nfnaxfb'/ ;Ln] d+unaf/ Ps k|b]z cj:yf cfPsf] atfP .
lj1lKt hf/L u/L @) jif]{ 6\ofS;L rNg glbg] lg0f{on] :j/f]huf/ dhb'/ pgn] ;+;bjfbL bnx?n]
dsf{df k/]sf] eGb} cfklQ hgfPsf x'g . cd] l /sL x:tIf] k sf]
qmflGtsf/L oftfoft dhb'/ ;+3n] d'¶Le/ bnfnx?sf] kmfObfsf nflu lj/f] w ug{ g;s] /
NofPsf] gLlt t'?Gt vf/]h ul/g'kg]{ dfu u/]sf] 5 . qmflGtsf/L oftfoft Pd;L;Lsf] k};f vfP/
dhb'/ ;+3n] hf/L lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5– …hg' b]zdf l;of] aGb}g Tof] b]zdf u' n fd ag] s f] cf/f] k
@) jif]{ k'/fgf] uf8LnfO{ rNg glbg] eg]sf] xfd|f] b]znfO{ s+ufn agfpg' xf] . nufP . Pd;L;L l7s 5
:j]R5f cfˆgf] uf8L slG8;gdf /fvL rNg] jftfj/0f agfOof];\ . d'¶Le/ eGg] x ?, ljsf;sf]
bnfnsf] kmfObfsf] nflu NofPsf] gLlt t'?Gt vf/]h ul/of];\ .Ú of]hgf xf] eg]/ eGg]x?,
qmflGtsf/L oftfoft dhb'/ ;+3nn] :j/f]huf/ dhb'/x?sf] s'g} klg clxn] u'dgfd ePsf]
Joj:yfkg gu/L Psnf}6L 9+un] dhb'/ dfg]{ gLlt cfPsf] atfPsf] 5 . p;n] eGb} bnfnx?n] k};f
6f6f sDkgLsf] sldzgsf] k|nf]egdf k/L OeL uf8L dfq lbg] l;lG8s]6 vfPs} andf Pd;L;Lsf]
NofOPsf] hgfPsf] 5 . jsfnt u/]sf] v'nf;f
qmflGtsf/L oftfoft dhb'/ ;+3n] cfd:j/f]huf/ dhb'/n] lsGg ;Sg] u/] . pgn] sfo{stf{nfO{ kf6L{sf] of]hgfdf ;lqmotfk"js
{ sfof{Gjog ug{ klg
;:tf]df h'g;'s} sDkgLsf] uf8L k|lt:kwf{df NofO{ dhb'/nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ lgb]{zg lbP . k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf g]skfsf pQ/ s0ff{nL Jo"/f] OGrfh{ ;+ud
;/sf/ ;dIf cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . qmflGtsf/L oftfoft dhb'/ ;+3n] OeL uf8L ;Ln] Ao"/f]df ;+rflnt ;dfhjfbL dfr{ cleofgnfO{ ;kmn agfpg'kg]{ atfP .
dxFuf] #& nfv;Dd kg]{ ePsfn] dhb'/x?n] dfl;s %@ xhf/ ls:tf lt/]/ pgn] ;+u7g lj:tf/;Fu} cfTdlge{/ cy{tGqsf] nflu kf6L{ sfo{stf{
lsGg g;Sg] ePsf] eGb} ;:tf] sDkgLsf] uf8L cfoft u/L Jofhb/ klg nfUg'kg]{ atfP . sfo{qmddf h'Dnf, d'u' / x'Dnf lhNnfsf ;o a9L g]tf–
;:tf] ug{ dfu u/]sf] 5 . sfo{stf{x?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
qmflGtsf/L oftfoft dhb'/ ;+3n] ;/sf/n] cfˆgf dfux?sf] ;'g'jfO{ g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf x'Dnf lhNnf OGrfh{ lIflthsf] cWoIftfdf
gu/] ;+3if{df plqg afWo x'g] / cfpg] kl/l:yltsf] lhDd]jf/ ;/sf/ x'g'kg]{ ;DkGg k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng x'Dnf lhNnf ;]qm]6/L ljZjlbk ;Ln]
r]tfjgL klg lbPsf] 5 . u/]sf lyP . – pk]Gb| /fjn
 4 @)*) ;fn d+l;/ @$ ut] cfOtaf/
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{åf/f kqmfp
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ / ;/sf/aLr @)&& kmfu'g @! ut] ePsf] tLg a'bF ] ;xdltsf] pn+3g ub}{ lhNnf cbfnt sf7df8f}n
;L, k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Lnufot kf6L{sf zLif{ g]tfx¿ lj?4 k|sfp k'hL{ hf/L u/]sf] lj/f]w ub}{ ;+3if{ u/]sf] 5 . ;f]xL ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdcGtu{t g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] d+l;/ !( d+unaf/ ;fFem b]zAofkL?kdf
h'n;
' k|bz{g u/]sf] 5 eg] d+l;/ @) ut] a'waf/ b]zAofkL?kdf GofofwLzsf] k'Tnf bxg u¥of] . o;}u/L ;f] kf6L{n] kqmfp k'hL{lj?4 d+l;/ @! ut] lalxaf/ b]zJofkL?kdf hgk|bz{g u/]sf] lyof] .
o;}qmddf g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ pkTosf Ao'/f] / hj;sf] ;+oQ' m cfof]hgfdf
lalxaf/ sf7df8f}Fdf ljzfn hgk|bz{g ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . g]skf pkTosf
Ao'/f]sf] g]t[Tjdf ePsf] pQm hgk|bz{g kl5sf] sf]0f;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{
g]skfsf :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o tyf hj; ˆ|ofS;g OGhfh{ lzn' ;Ln] cbfntn]
# a'bF ] ;xdlt ljkl/t u}/sfg'gL, c/fhs, ljWj+;fTds lgDTofpg kqmfp
cfb]z lbPsfn] kf6L{k+lQm / hgtf;lxt k|lt/f]wdf plqg k/]sf] atfpFb}
elgg\– …g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skfaLr ePsf] tLg a'Fb] /fhgLlts ;xdlt
lakl/t ljb]zL k|ltufdL zlQmx?sf] lgb]{zgdf cbfntn] @)&^;fnsf] d'2f
Jo"FtfP/ o'4sf] lgDtf] lbg vf]h]sf] 5, o;sf] k|lt/f]w ug{ l;+uf] kf6L{k+lSt /
zflGtk|]dL hgtf tof/ 5 .Ú
OGhfh{ lzn' ;Ln] cfh;Dd g]skfn] p7fPsf /fi6«, /fli6«otf, hghLljsf
/ ljlQo 7uLsf d'2f ;txdf cfO;s]sfn] kf6L{n] cfJxfg dfq ubf{ klg
k|ltufdL if8\oGq Wj:t x'g] eGb} cfuf];uF gflhl:sg ;d]t r]tfjgL lbOg\ .
pQm k|bz{gdf g]skf pkTosf Ao'/f], hj;nufot Aofks hg;xeflutf
/x]sf] lyof] . Ao'/f] O~rfh{ s[lt ;Låf/f ;+rflnt sf]0f;efdf g]skfsf :yfoL
;ldlt ;b:oåo ;L, l;n' / ;'zLn ;Lsf] ljz]if ;Daf]wg /x]sf] /x]sf] lyof] .
tLg a'bF ] /fhgLlt ;xdlt ;/sf/ k|dv ' ;Fu ePkl5 Tof] :jtM sfg'gs} Ps
kf6{ eP/ lab|fx] Lx?sf] d'2f :jtM xn ug{ cbfntn] ;xof]u ug{' kg]d { f pN6}
qmflGtsf/L kf6L{;Fu hf]l/ vf]Hg'n] cbfnt, sfg'g hgtfsf] kIfdf gePsf] /
of] bnfnx?af6 kl/rflnt 5, k|ltufdLx?sf] uf]6L ag]sf] 5, eGg] cfd
gful/sx?n] a'lem;s]sf] jQmfx?sf] 7x/ lyof] .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ slknj:t'n] tf}lnxjf ahf/df ljlxjf/
eAo hgk|bz{g u/]sf] 5 . g]skfsf g]tf sfo{stf{ tyf hgtfsf] ;lqmo
;xeflutfdf rsf{ gf/fjfhL ub}{ ;'? ePsf] hgk|bz{g ahf/ kl/qmd0f u/L
lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no glhs} sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . sf]0f;efnfO{
cjlw efiffdf ;Djf]wg ub}{ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf lkljPd e];/fh ;Ln]
hgg]tf ljKnjnfO{ kqmfp ug{ Tolt ;lhnf] gePsf] atfpFb} kqmfp k'hL{sf]
cfb]z lbg] bnfnx?dfly pN6} hgcbfntn] kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L ug]{ r]tfjgL
F ] g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnj
lbPsf 5g\ . pgn] /utsf] e]naf6 hlGdPsf] hgtfsf] qmflGtsf/L g]tfnfO{
kqmfp ug]{ ;kgf bnfnx?nfO{ gb]Vg r'gf}tL lbFb} kl/jt{gsf lj/f]wL ;a}
bnfnxnfO{ hgcbfntn] af/]G6 hf/L ug]{ atfP . pgn] b]zL ljb]zL bnfnx?sf]
if8\oGqsf lj?4 g]kfnL hgtf PseP/ k|lt/f]w ug{ clkn u/] .
g]tf e];/fhn] tLg a'Fb] ;xdltsf] oyfzL3| sfof{Gjog ug{ ;/sf/nfO{
cfu|x ub}{ Ps b'O{hgf cbfntsf bnfnx?n] g]skfsf g]tfdfly kqmfp ug{
cfb]z lbFb}df kl/jt{gsf] ofqf g/f]lsg] atfP . pgn] tLg a'Fb] ;xdlt
sfof{Gjog;lxt cbfntsf] cfb]z vf/]h geP;Dd g]skfn] s8f k|lt/f]w
cfGbf]ng ug]{ r]tfjgL lbP . pgn] b]znfO{ cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf] lbzfdf cl3
a9fpg] p2]Zo;lxt ;‹if{ ul//x]sf] kf6L{sf g]tfx? dfly kqmfpm k'hL{ sf6]/
glh:sfpg r'gf}tL lbP .
sf]0f;efdf klZrd slknj:t' lhNnf OGrfh{ x]dGt ;L, k"jL{ slknj:t'
lhNnf OGrfh{ ;'lgn ;L, lhNnf ;lrj d+un ;L nufotsf g]tf sfo{stf{sf]
pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sf]0f;efnfO{ g]skfsf j}slNks s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf
s]Gb|Lo ;fdgf kl/jf/sf ;+of]hs cf/f]x ;Ln] ;+rfng u/]sf lyP .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ klZrd bfªn] t'n;Lk'/df hgk|bz{g
u/]sf] 5 . t'n;Lk'/sf] a;kfs{af6 ;'? ePsf] hgk|bz{g ¥ofnL ljlk rf]s
k'u]/ ;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . lj/f]w ;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ kf6L{sf
klZrd bfª lhNnf ;lrjfno ;b:o Pjd t'n;Lk'/ gu/ OGrfh{ e'jg ;Ln]
b]zLlab]zL k|ltlqmofjfbL tTjsf] if8\oGqdf kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L ul/Psf] atfP .
pgn] eg]– æg]skf / ;/sf/aLr ePsf] tLg a'Fb] ;xdtLnfO{ nTofpFb}
clxn] hf/L ul/Psf] kqmfp k'hL{ b]zLljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbL tTjsf] uDeL/
if8\oGq xf] . tTsfnLg ;/sf/ / g]skfaLr ePsf] tLg a'Fb] ;xdtL sfg'gsf]
c+u xf] jf agfOg'k5{ t/ zflGtk"0f{ 9+un] /fhgLlts sfo{qmd ul//x]sf] kf6L{
/ To;sf g]tf–sfo{stf{lj?4 cbfntn] k'hL{ hf/L ug{' eg]sf] d'n'snfO{
cl:y/tflt/ 8f]¥ofpg' xf] .Æ
g]tf e'jgn] /fHonfO caf}{+ /fh:j glt/L a|Dxn'6 dRrfO/x]sf] Pg;]n /
/fi6«3ftL Pdl;;L ;Demf}tflj?4 ;+3if{ ul//x]sfn] ljb]zL bnfnx?sf] of]hgfdf
g]kfnsf bnfn ;Qfsf dltof/x?n] kf6L{sf dxf;lrj, k|jQmfnufotsf g]tfnfO
kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L u/]sf] 7f]s'jf u/]sf lyP .
g]tf e'jgn] /fHon] kqmfp k'hL{ vf/]h gu/] kf6L{n] cfGbf]ngsf] cfuf]
afNg] r]tfjgL ;d]t lbP .
lj/f]w ;efdf af]Nb} u0ftflGqs v]ns'b dxf;+3 n'lDagLsf OGrfh{ ?b|
;Ln] kf6L{sf zLif{ g]tT[ j lj?4 hf/L ul/Psf] kqmfp k'hL{ ;dfhjfbL cfGbf]ng
/f]Sg] k|ltufdL if8oGq ePsf] lhls/ u/] . d'n's ;dfhjfbL cfGbf]ngdf
s]lGb|t eO/x]sf] atfpFb} pgn] eg]– æ;+;bLo Joj:yfaf6 d'n'sdf l:y/tf,
zflGt, ;d[l4 ;Dej 5}g eGg] lgisif{;lxt g]skf;lxt cGo kf6L{aLr ;dfhjfbL
df]rf{ ag]sf] 5 . of] df]rf{n] k|ltufdLx?sf] ;ftf] vfPsf] 5 . clxn] ljKnj,
k|sf08lj?4 hf/L ul/Psf] k'hL{ ;dfhjfbL qmfGtL /f]Sg] / d'ns
' nfO{ cl:y/tflt/
n}hfg] if8\oGq;lxt cfPsf] 5 .Æ
g]tf ?b|n] g]skfsf g]t[Tjlj?4 hf/L ul/Psf] k'hL{ tTsfn vf/]h gu/]
d'n's uDeL/ ;+s6df km:g] lrGtf JoQm u/]sf lyP . lj/f]w ;efdf af]Nb}
o'jf ;+u7g g]kfnsL /fKtL Ao'/f] OGrfh{ lhjgL ;Ln] kqmfp k'hL{sf] vf]:6f]
b]vfP/ qmflGtsf/LnfO{ glh:sfpg r]tfjgL lbOg . g]t[ lhjgLn] hgo'4
n8]/ cfPsf g]tf–sfo{stf{nfO{ kqmfp k'hL{n] t;f{pg] s'/f xf:of:kb ePsf]
;d]t atfOg\ . cfjZostf cfk"mx? clxn] klg d'ns ' sf] :jfwLgtf / hgtfsf]
clwsf/sf nflu hgd'lQm ;]gf aGg tof/ /x]sf] pgsf] pb\3f]if lyof] .
lj/f]w;efsf] ;~rfng g]skfsf aaO{ ufpFsld6Lsf OGrfh{ pHjn ;Ln]
u/]sf lyP .
o;}u/L g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ afFsn
] ] sf7df8f}F lhNnf cbfntn] g]skfsf
g]tfdfly u/]sf] kqmfp k'hL{ cfb]z lj?4 g]kfnu+hdf ljlxjf/ hgk|bz{g
u/]sf] 5 . g]skfsf g]tf, sfo{stf{ / hgtf ;xefuL ePsf] hgk|bz{g
lakLrf]saf6 ;'? eP/ wDaf]hL rf]sdf k'u]/ sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft ePsf]
lyof] . hgk|bz{gdf cbfntsf] kqmfp k'hL{ cfb]z vf/]h u/, tLg a'Fb]
;xdlt sfof{Gjog u/, bnfn ;+;bLo Joj:yf d'bf{jfb, PsLs[t hgqmflGt
lhGbfjfbh:tf uuge]bL gf/fx? nufOPsf lyP .
hgk|bz{g kl5sf] sf]0fdf g]skfsf blIf0f s0ff{nL Jo"/f] OGrfh{ ;+ud
;Ln] ;Daf]wg ub}{ b]zL ljb]zL k|ltufdL tTjx?sf] if8\oGqdf g]skfsf dxf;lrj
ljKnj, k|jQmf k|sf08 nufotsf g]tfdfly cbfntn] kqmfp k'hL{sf] cfb]z
lbPsf] v'nf;f u/] .
pgn] hgtfsf] aLrdf b]ze/ g]skfsf] g]tT[ j nf]slk|o x'bF } uPkl5
k|ltufdL zlQmx?n] g]skfsf g]tfdfly t;f{pg xdnf u/]sf] atfP .
g]tf ;+udn] bnfn Joj:yf ePs} sf/0f ;/sf/n] tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt u/]sf]
eP klg cbfntn] c6]/L u/]sf] atfP . pgn] qmflGtsf/L / kl/jt{gzLn
kf6L{ / g]tfdfly kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L ug]{ GofofwL;sf lj?4 l;+uf] hgtfn]
k|lt/f]w ug{k' g]{ atfP .
g]tf ;+udn] ;/sf/ / p;sf] c+u cbfntnfO{ tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt sfg'gsf]
c+u dfg]/ sfof{Gjog ug{ cfu|x u/] . pgn] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog gul/P
g]skfn] h:tf] ;'s} sbd p7fpg afWo x'g] / To;sf] lhDd]jf/ /fHo x'gk' g]{
r]tfjgL lbP .
sf]0f;efdf g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf pQ/ afFs] lhNnf OGrfh{ /0flbk
;Ln] k|ltufdLx?sf] if8\oGq k/f:t kfg{ hgtf Ps x'g'kg]{ atfP .
csf{ g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o gf/fo0f ;Ln] g]skfsf] nf]slk|otfaf6 bnfnx?
cfQflnP/ kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L u/]sf] atfP . sf]0f;efsf] ;+rfng g]skfsf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf blIf0f afFs] lhNnf OGrfh{ z]v/ ;Ln] u/]sf lyP .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnj, k|jQmf k|sf08nufotsf
g]tfx?sf gfddf cbfntn] kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L ug{ lbPsf] cfb]z lj?4 g]skfn]
3f]if0ff u/]sf] r/0fa4 cfGbf]ng cGtu{t g]skf d]rL Ao'/f]n] emfkf, Onfd /
kfFry/df lj/f]w k|bz{g u/]sf] 5 .
 @)*) ;fn d+l;/ @$ ut] cfOtaf/ 5

k'hL{lj?4 b]zAofkL?kdf hgk|bz{g

3f]lift cfGbf]ngsf] tflnsfcg';f/ laxLaf/ b]ze } / kf6L{ hj; / hgtfsf]
pkl:yltdf emfkfnufot b]zsf ljleGg lhNnfdf lj/f]w k|bz{g ePsf] xf] .
d]rL Ao'/f]cGtu{t emfkfsf] ljtf{df]8 Onfdsf] Onfd ahf/ / kfFry/ ;b/d'sfddf
lj/f]w;lxtsf] hgk|bz{g ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . g]skfn] kf6L{ s]Gb|n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf]
tLg lbg] ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdcGtu{t d+unaf/ ;fFem dzfn h'n; ' k|bz{g / lxhf]
GofowLzsf] k'tnf bxg sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] lyof] .
ljtf{df]8df ePsf] k|bz{g tyf sf]0f;efnfO{ kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf
d]rL Jo'/f] OGrfh{ ;'dgl;+xn] ;Daf]wg u/]sf lyP eg] Onfdsf] ;efnfO{
kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt ;b:o xf]d ;L / lhNnf OGrfh{ df};dn]
;Daf]wg u/]sf lyP . To:t} kfFry/sf] sfo{qmdnfO{ lhNnf OGrfh{ ;Gtf]if
;Ln] ;Daf]wg u/]sf lyP .
ljtf{df]8df ePsf] ;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ g]tf l;+xn] cbfntn] # a'Fb]
;xdlt ljkl/t u}/sfg'gL, c/fhs 9+un] kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L ug{'df b]zLljb]zL
zlQm nfluk/]sf] cf/f]k nufpFb} lxDdt eP d'v'08f] ptf/]/ cufl8 cfpg
r]tfjgL lbP . pgn] lxhf] of] b]zdf /fi6«3ft hg3ftnufot ljleGg
a]lyltx?sf lj?4 alnbflgk"0f{ ;+3if{ ug]{ kf6L{ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ /x]sf]
:d/0f u/fpFb} s;}n] g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ / p;sf g]tf–sfo{stf{ dfly
if8\oGqsf] hfn ˆofFSg] r]i6f gug{ r]tfjgL lbPsf 5g\, . pgn] lxhf] hgtfsf
x/]s ;d:of;Fu} kf6L{ /x]sf] / a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] u/]sf]] u}/sfg'gL
xs{tsf lj?4 n8\g] kf6L{ ;d]t g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ ePsf] eGb} b]z /
hgtfsf] xslxtsf nflu h:tf];'s} ;+3if{ ug{ tof/ /x]sf] r]tfjgL lbP .
otf, Onfddf ePsf] ;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ g]tfåo xf]d ;L / df};d ;Ln]
g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skfaLr ePsf] # a'Fb] /fhgLlts ;xdlt ljkl/t ljb]zL
k|ltufdL zlQmx?sf] lgb]{zgdf cbfntn] @)&^ ;fnsf] d'2f Jo"FtfP/ o'4sf]
lgDtf] lbg vf]h]sf] eGb} k|lt/f]w ug{ l;+uf] kf6L{k+lQm tof/ /x]sf] r]tfjgL
lbP . pgLx?n] cfh;Dd g]skfn] p7fPsf /fi6«, /fli6«otf, hghLljsf /
ljlQo 7uLsf d'2f ;txdf cfO;s]sfn] kf6L{n] cfJxfg dfq ubf{ klg k|ltufdL
if8\oGq Wj:t x'g] eGb} ;+3if{/t kf6L{;uF lgx'F gvf]Hg r]tfjgL lbP .
otf kfFry/sf] sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ lhNnf OGrfh{ ;Gtf]if ;Ln]
;/sf/n] tLg a'Fb] /fhgLlts ;xdltsf] pNn+3g ub}{ kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L u/]/
b]zdf åGå lgDTofpg vf]h]sf] cf/f]k nufP . ;/sf/n] u/]sf] lg0f{o s]6fs]6L
v]n]sf] v]n h:tf] geP/ o;nfO{ uDeL/ 9+un] 5nkmn u/]/ ;d:of ;dfwfg
ug{ / g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{;uF lgx'F vf]Hg] sfd gug{ r]tfjgL lbP .
lj/f]w k|bz{g sfo{qmddf pkl:yt kf6L{sf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?n] kqmfp
k'hL{ hf/L ug]{ GofofwLz / cbfntsf lj?4 rsf]{ gf/fafhL u/]sf lyP .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ k"aL{ pbok'/n] sf7df8f}F lhNnf cbfntsf]
kqmfp k'hL{sf] cfb]zlj?4 ljlxjf/ hgk|bz{g u/]sf] 5 . lhNnfsf] lakLrf]saf6
;'? ePsf] hgk|bz{g lkkn rf]s x'Fb} d'Voahf/ rf]sdf cfP/ sf]0f;efdf
kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . k|bz{gdf g]skfsf g]tf sfo{stf{ / hgtfsf] ;xeflutf
eO/x] g]skf xftdf blx hdfP/ ga:g] r]tfjgL lbP .
k"jL{ alb{of lhNnf ;]qm]/L l6sf/fd ;Ln] bnfn Joj:yfsf] if8\oGqn]
qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ / g]tf dfly xdnf ePsf] lhls/ u/] .
ptf /fhfk'/df ePsf] hgk|bz{gf klZrd alb{of lhNnf ;]qm]6/L /fd
;Ln] sf]0f;efnfO{ ;Djf]wg ub}{ em'§f d'2f vf/]h ul/g'kg]{ atfP . pgn]
;/sf/sf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog gug]{ GofowL;nfO{ avf{:t ug{' kg]{ atfP .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] dsjfgk'/sf] x]6f}8F fdf ljlxaf/ hgk|bz{g
u/]sf] 5 . g]skfsf g]tf, sfo{stf{ / hgtf ;xefuL hgk|bz{g x]6f}F8f
ahf/sf] kl/qmdf ub}{ sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . sf]0f;efnfO{ ;Djf]wg
ub}{ g]skfsf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o tyf gf/fo0fL Ao"/f] OGrfh{ P6d ;Ln] cbfntn]
hf/L u/]sf] kqmfpm k'hL{ a]df};dsf] afhf ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . pgn] tLgjif{
cl3 g]skf / g]kfn ;/sf/ aLr em'§f d'2f lkmtf{ lng], h]nd /x]sf g]tf
sfo{stf{ l/xf ug]{ nufotsf tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt eO;s]sf] eGb} clxn] cbfntn]
g]skfsf g]tfx?dfly kqmfpm k'hL{ hf/L ug{' a]df};dsf] afhf ePsf] k|i6\ofP .
g]tf P6dn] tLga'Fb] ;xdltsf] 7f8f] pn+3gk|lt g]skfsf] uDeL/ cfklQ
/x]sf] eGb} o;sf] s8f k|lt/f]w ug]{ r]tfjgL lbP .
pgn] b]znfO{ cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf] lbzfdf cl3 a9fpg] p2]Zo;lxt ;‹if{
ul//x]sf] kf6L{sf g]tfx? dfly kqmfpm k'hL{ sf6]/ glh:sfpg r'gf}tL lbP .
sf]0f ;efdf g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf dsjfgk'/
lhNnf OGrfh{ jf6/ ;Ln] GofofwLz sdn k|;fb 1jfnL g;lRrP cfk"mx?n]
;8sdf l3;f/]/ Nofpg] r]tfjgL lbP . pgn] cfk"mx?nfO{ ;8sdf cfpg s'g}
/x/ geP/ afWotf ePsf] eGb} tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog ePg eg]
cfk"mx? s8f ;‹if{ ug{ afWo x'g] r]tfjgL lbP .
csf{ jQmf clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ gf/fol0f Ao"/f] OGrfh{ tf/f ;Ln] cfˆgf]
g]tfx?nfO{ 5f]P/ b]vfpg r'gf}tL lbOg\ . pgn] cbfntsf kqmfpm k'hL{ /2Lsf]
6f]s/Ldf kmfNg] klg r]tfjgL lbOg\ .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ s~rgk'/n] g]skfsf g]tfx?dfly hf/L
ePsf] kqmfp k'hL{ vf/]h geP eLif0f k|lt/f]w ug]{ r]tfjgL lbPsf] 5 . ;f]
kf6L{åf/f laxLaf/ dx]Gb|gu/df cfof]lht Ps lj/f]w k|bz{g sfo{qmddf g]skf
g]tfx?n] ;f] r]tfjgL lbPsf x'g\ . g]skf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /x]sf lj/f6 ;Ln]
/fi6«sf] cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] g]t[Tj ub}{ cfPsf] kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnj ;L /
k|jQmf k|sf08 ;L nufot g]tfx?dfly u}/Goflos tl/sfn] cbfntn] kqmfp
k'hL{ hf/L ug{' unt /x]sf] atfP . pgn] /fHo;Fu # a'Fb] ;xdlt eP/
6'+luPsf] ljifonfO{ clxn] cfP/ cfk/flws d'2fsf] ¿kdf cufl8 Nofpg] sfo{
g]skfnfO{ ;Xo gx'g] / k'hL{ tTsfn vf/]h x'g' kg]{ lhls/ u/] .
To;}u/L g]skf s~rgk'/ lhNnf ;lrj k|sfz ;Ln] c:jfefljs tl/sfn]
/fHon] xfd|f g]tfx?dfly kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L ug{' b]znfO{ czflGtlt/ n}hfg'
ePsf] atfP . ;fy} cbfntn] of] lg0f{o g;RofP ;zQm k|lt/f]w x'g] pgsf]
egfO{ 5 . s]xL lbg cufl8 sf7df8f}F+ lhNnf cbfntn] ljKnj ;L nufotsf
g]tfx?sf] gfddf kqmfp k'hL{sf] ;"rgf uf]/vfkqdf k|sflzt u/]sf] lyof] .
To; kZrft g]skf cfGbf]lnt ag]sf] 5 .

rf]ef/ ;'Vvf aGb/ufx ;~rfngsf nflu ;Demft} fkqdf x:tfIf/

sf7df8f}F . OG6/df]8n oftfoft
ljsf; ;ldlt / 6«fG; g]kfn l6cf/P;
nf]lhkfs{ k|flnaLr rf]ef/ ;'Vvf
aGb/ufx ;~rfngsf nflu ;Demf}tf
ePsf] 5 . ;ldlt / k|flnaLr ;f]daf/
/x]sf] lyof] . k|bz{gdf ;xefuLx?n] g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ lhGbfjfb, em'§f kfFr jif{sf] nflu @ s/f]8 ** nfv
d'2f vf/]h u/, tLg a'Fb] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog u/, sf7df8f}F lhNnf cbfntn] /sd Go' g td ;§fk§f axfn /
u/]sf] slyt kqmfp k'hL{ vf/]h u/, PsLs[t hgqmflGt lhGbfjfb, k|ltufdL lgodfg';f/ dx;'n afF8kmfF8 ug]u{ /L
if8\oGq aGb u/ h:tf rsf{ gf/fafhL u/]sf lyP . ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ ePsf] xf] . s/f/
sf]0f;efnfO{ g]skfsf lhNnf O{Grfh{ cd[t ;Ln] ;Daf]wg ub}{ hgtfsf] ;Demf}tf ;ldltsf lgb]z { s o'js 8+uf]n
hglk|o g]tfdfly kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L ug{' cd]l/sL / ef/tLo ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] / ;~rfns sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 k|aGw
if8\oGq ePsf] atfP . pgn] b]znfO{ u[x o'4df ws]Ng vf]h]sf] cf/f]k nufb} lgb]z
{ s d'sz ] s'df/ /f7Ln] x:tfIf/ u/] .
cfuf]sf] lemNsfnfO{ glh:sfpg r]tfjgL lbP . x:tfIf/kl5 ;~rf/sdL{x?;Fu s'/f ub}{
g]tf cd[tn] tLg a'Fb] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ cfu|x ub}{ ;ldltsf sfo{sf/L lgb]z { s cflzif
g]skfsf g]tfx?nfO{ kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L ug]{ cbfntsf GofofwLzx?sf] klg uh'/n] n] ;+:yfn] Go'gtd z'Ns lnP/
3/3/df hgtfsf] cbfnt dfkm{t kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L ug]{ pb\3f]if u/] . pgn] :t/Lo ;]jf lbO jflif{s ! ;o #)
bnfn ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf e|i6frf/Lx?, kl/jt{g lj/f]wL zlQmx?nfO{ g]skfn] s/f]8eGbf a9L cfDbfgL ul//x]sf]
dfkmL glbg] klg atfP . atfP . pgn] rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] ah]6df
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ alb{ofn] /fhfk'/ / afF;u9Ldf hgk|bz{g OG6/df]8n oftfoft ljsf; ;ldltsf]
u/]sf] 5 . hgk|bz{gdf ;xefuLx?n] em'§f d'2f vf/]h u/, tLg a'Fb] ;xdlt sfof{no vf/]hL ug]{ atfP klg sfof{no
sfof{Gjog u/, PsLs[t hgqmflGt lhGbfjfb, k|ltufdL if8\oGq aGb u/ vf/]hL gx'g] atfP . sfo{sf/L lgb]z { s
h:tf rsf{ gf/f nufPsf lyP . lhNnfsf] afF;u9Ldf ePsf] hgk|bz{g
kl5sf] sf]0f;efnfO{ g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf alb{of lhNnf OGrfh{
lxdlzv/n] ;Daf]wg ub}{ hgtfsf] hglk|o g]tf dfly kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L ug{'
;fd|fHojfbL if8\oGq ePsf] atfP . pgn] tLg a'Fb] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog ug{
uh'/n] n] ;+:yf cem} alnof] eP/ hfg] /
vf/]hL eP klg s'g} ;d:of gkg]{ u/L
Joj:yfkg ug]t{ km{ cfk"mx?n] ;f]lr/x]sf]
atfP . pgn] rf]ef/ ;'Vvf aGb/ufx
;/sf/ / cbfntsf GofofwLzx?nfO{ cfu|x u/] .
g]tf lxdlzv/n] qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ / g]tf dfly o:tf k|ltufdL if8\oGo
;~rfng z'? ePsf] sl/j @) dlxgfsf]
cjlwdf Jofkf/Ls k|of]udf j[l4 eO/x]sf]
atfP . pQm ;'Vvf aGb/ufx lghL
If]qnfO{ ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkgsf]
nflu lbFbf k|efjsf/L ;~rfng Pj+
Joj:yfkgn] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g]
/fhZjdf t'ngfTds ?kdf j[l4 x'g]
cj:yf b]lvPsf] atfP .
rf]ef/ ;'Vvf aGb/ufxnfO{ k"0f{
Ifdtfdf ;~rfngdf Nofpgsf] nflu
aNv'—blIf0fsfnL ;8s v08sf]
sLlt{k/' l:yt Nofaf]/6] /L pRr dfWolds
ljBfnosf] d'Voåf/b]lv rf]ef/ ;'Vvf
aGb/ufx;Ddsf] ;8s rf}8f u/L rf/
n]gsf] agfpg] sfo{ / lghu9–sf7df8f}F
b|t" dfu{sf] sfo{ rfF8f] ;DkGg ug{
cTofjZos /x]sf] atfP .
;Demf}tfkqdf x:tfIf/ u/]kl5 af]Nb}
k| a Gw lgb] { z s /f7Ln] aGb/ufx
;~rfngdf s]xL r'gf}tLx? /x] klg
To;nfO{ dWogh/ u/L u[xsfo{ ;'?
ul/;s]sf] / cfk"mx?n] lbg] ;]jf :t/Lo
agfpg cfk"mx?sf] k|of; /xg] atfP .
;ldltn] ut ;fpg ( ut] 6]08/
cfXjfg u/]sf]df 6«fG; g]kfn / Go' g]kfn
9'jfgL ;]jf sDkgLn] lbPsf] cfj]bgdf
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rfn' cfly{s jif{df $ b]lv %
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cfly{s j[l4 x'g] cg'dfg u/]sf] 5 . k|ltlglw;efcGtu{t cy{ ;ldltsf]
a}7sdf ueg{/ dxfk|;fb clwsf/Ln] k]; u/]sf] b]zsf] jt{dfg cfly{s tyf
ljQLo l:ylt ;DaGwdf ;+lIfKt gf]6df rfn" cfly{s jif{df $ b]lv % k|ltztsf]
cfly{s j[l4 x'g] pNn]v 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)*)÷*! sf] ah]6n] ^ k|ltztsf]
cfly{s j[l4sf] nIo /fv]sf] 5 .
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d"Noj[l4 36\b} uPsf] / g]kfndf yf]s d"Noj[l4df cfPsf] ;'wf/n] pkef]Qmf
d"Noj[l4df ;'wf/ cfpg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] /fi6« a}+sn] hgfPsf] 5 . c;f]hsf]
d"Noj[l4 & bzdnj % k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . h'g cl3Nnf] jif{sf] c;f]heGbf !
k|ltzt sd xf] . t/, df}lb|s gLltn] lnPsf] ^ bzdnj % k|ltztsf]
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df]6f]kgsf] d'Vosf/s h+sk"m8

cToGt sd / c;Gt'lnt kf}li6s
tTj ePsf, pRr Sofnf]/Ln] o'Qm,
w]/} klxn] t}of/ u/]/ a§f jf af]tndf
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kl/:s[t, pRr dfqfdf g'g lrgL /
lrNnf] xflnPsf / Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf
nflu cvfB j:t' ;d] t xfn] /
:jflbi6 agfOPsf, gksfO{sg klg
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!= tf}n a9\g] M ljZj :jf:Yo
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nfUg] / df]6fpg] ;d:of hlGdG5 .
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g'g, lrgL, lrNnf], s[lqd /Ë, clhgf]df]6f]
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vfgfnfO{ olt w]/} /;fogx¿ xfn]/ vfFbf
To:tf vfg] s'/f vfg] nt a:b5 .
o;}u/L oL vfg]s/' f vfPkZrft xfd|f]
dl:tis nuftf/ pQ]lht eO/xg] xFb' f
tgfj, lrGtf, eo x'bF } lj:tf/} dfG5]
g}/fZotfsf] lzsf/ x'g k'Ub5 . o;f]
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Un" s f] h sf] lg/Gt/ 36–a9,
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d2t ub{5 .
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sfnfGt/df zlQmxLgtf b]vfk/]sf] 5 .
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ubf{ phf{ xLgtfsf] cg'ej x'G5 .
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k|m"S6f]h ePsf vfg]s'/fx¿ h:t}
lrgL, sg{–l;/k, /fO{;–l;/k cflbsf]
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af];f] nfUb5 .
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g'g lrgL / lrNnf]sf] ;]jgn] d[uf}nfsf
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M hÍk"m8sf] ;]jgn] ljz]iftM tf}n
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;d:of b]vfkb{5g\ .
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kbfy{x¿n] /QmgnLsf] leqL kqsf]
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/Qmrfk a9fpg d2t ub{5 .
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hÍk"m8sf] ;]jgn] Jofks ¿kdf
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lrNnf] n ] z/L/df sf] n ] : 6] / f] n /
6«fO{lUnl;/fO{8sf] dfqf a9\b5 . o;}u/L
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sf]n:] 6]/f]n Pr8LPnsf] /Qmdfqf sd
ug]{ / g/fd|f] sf]n:] 6]/f]n Pn8LPnnfO{
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u8a8L u/fpgdf d2t ub{5 .
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hLjga'6L / s;} s;}n] t cZnLn gfdn] ;d]t lrGg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . ls+jbGtLcg';f/
/fd / /fj0fsf] o'4df nId0fnfO{ jf0f nfu]/ d'l5{t x'bF f g]kfnsf] pQ/L lxdfnL
e]saf6 xg'dfgn] oxL of;f{uD' af lnP/ uO{ nId0fnfO{ v'jfP/ lapFemfPsf lyP eGg]
s'/f k|rlnt 5 . x'g klg of] slxNo} db}g{ . jg:klt d/] k|f0fL lhljt} /xG5, k|f0fL d/]
ag:klt lhljt} /xG5 . jg:klt lhljt} /x]kl5 k|f0fLsf] k'gM hGd x'G5 . j;Gts'df/
zDdf{ …g]kfnÚ sf] …g]kfnL zAb ;fu/Ú df of;f{uD' afsf] cy{ 6'Kkf]lt/sf] efu emf/kft /
h/flt/sf] efu ls/f k|sf/sf] b]lvg] lxdfnL 8'nGt] emf/, tfutsf nflu ;'s6' Lsf ?kdf
sfd nfUg] 8'nGt] emf/ egL g]kfnLdf cy{ nufOPsf] 5 . af]nLrfnLsf] efiffdf elgg]
of;f{, of;f{uD' af jf of;f{uG' a" ltAatL efiffsf] …of6{ :jf u'g\ a"Ú af6 cke|z + eP/
ag]sf] zAb xf] . h;sf] cy{, udL{ofddf emf/, lxpFbdf sL/f xf] . oBlk, of;f{ s'g} emf/
eg] xf]Og . of] Ps lsl;dsf] em'l;nsL/f / To;df pd|g] k/hLe:lj 9';Lsf] ;+oQ' m
¿k xf] .
j}1flgs ¿kdf sL/f ;d"xsf] n]lk8]K6]/f ju{df kg]{ ljleGg hftsf /flt p8\g]
k'tnL -dy_sf] km'naf6 ag]sf nfef{ cyf{t\ em'l;nsL/fnfO{ hldgd'lg a;]sf] cj:yfdf
cf]lkmsf]8l{] ;K; ;fOg]lG;; hftsf 9';Lsf aLhf0f'n] ;+qmd0f u5{g\ . nfef{sf] z/L/leq
aLhf0f' k|jz ] ul/;s]kl5 Tof] 9';Lsf] aLhf0f' TofG›f¿kL dfO;]lnod -/];f¿kL sf]if_ df
kl/0ft eP/ nfef{sf] z/L/el/ km}ng yfN5 .
pQm dfO;]lnodn] nfef{sf] z/L/af6 vfgf ;f];/] To;nfO{ vf]qmf] agfpFb} nfG5 /
cfˆgf] z/L/ nfef{sf] z/L/leq km}nfpFb} hfG5 . cGTodf, nfef{sf] 6fpsf]df cfqmd0f
u/]kl5 nfef{ d5{ . /, d/]sf] nfef{sf] 6fpsf]af6 9';Lsf] 8fF7h:tf] efu -:6s_ knfpF5,
h'g cf};tdf b'Ob{ l] v rf/ OGr;Dd nfdf], v}/f] /+usf] x'G5 .
j;Gt Ct'df lxpF kUng yfn]kl5 knfpg] o:tf 8fF7 dflg;n] ;+sng u5{g\ .
;+sng ubf{ s'6f]n] vg]/ jf cf}n F fn] sL/f;lxtsf] efu hldgaf6 lgsflnG5 . clg,
;/;kmfOkZrft\ s]xL ;do zLtndf ;'sfP/ o;nfO{ ahf/df a]lrG5 . ;+sng geO{
k|sl[ tdf 5f]l8Psf o:tf 9';Lsf 8fF7 l5lKkPkl5 aLhf0f' nfU5 . nfvf}s F f] ;+Vofdf /x]sf
aLhf0f' df6f]df em/]kl5 ;'if'Kt cj:yfdf al;/xG5 / :j:y nfef{ e]§fPdf cfqmd0f
u/L gofF of;f{ agfpF5 . aLhf0f'sf] cfqmd0fdf gk/]sf em'l;nsL/f Ko'kf x'bF } jo:s
k'tnL aG5g\ . To;/L ag]sf] k'tnLn] km]l/ km'n kf5{ / cfˆgf] hLjgrqm ;~rfng u5{ .
To; sf/0f of;f{ aGgsf nflu Psflt/ 9';Lsf] aLhf0f' rflxG5 eg] jo:s k'tnLsf]
hLjgrqm klg ;'rf? x'g cfjZos x'G5 .
j}1flgsx¿sf cg';f/ k"0f{ ¿kdf of;f{ aGg b'Ob{ l] v ^ jif{;Dd ;do nfU5 .
of;f{ lxdfno kj{t z[v + nfsf] blIf0flt/sf] g]kfn, ef/t, e'6fg / lxdfnkfl/ ltAatdf
dfq} kfOg] /}yfg] h8La'6L xf] . g]kfnsf rflxF pQ/L @& lhNnfdf of;f{ kfOG5 . t/,
;+vj' f;ef, ;f]nv ' D' a', uf]/vf, DofUbL, dgfª, d':tfª, 8f]Nkf, h'Dnf, d'u,' aemfª /
bfr{n ' f lhNnfdf w]/} dfqfdf ;+sng x'G5 . g]kfndf ;+sng ul/g] s'n kl/df0fsf]
sl/a $) k|ltzt of;f{ 8f]Nkf lhNnfaf6 dfq} cfpF5 . 7fpF x]l/sg tLgb]lv kfFr
xhf/ ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf /x]sf cf};t jiff{ rf/ ;o ldlnld6/ x'g] kfl/nf] lxdfnL
3fF;] d}bfg jf a'6o\ fg If]qdf of;f{ kfOG5 . lsg ;'geGbf dxFuf] < xfn pRr
u'0f:t/sf] of;f{sf] cGt/f{li6«o ahf/ d"No ;'geGbf klg dxFuf] 5 . To; sf/0f o;nfO{
h}ljs ;'g klg elgG5 . rLgdf pRr u'0f:t/sf] of;f{sf] ;/b/ d"No &) nfv ?lkofF
k|ltlsnf];Dd k5{ . ;/;fdfg lsga]r ul/g] j]a;fO6 Oa]df o;sf] d"No %) xhf/
cd]l/sL 8n/ cyf{t\ %) nfv ?lkofF k|ltlsnf] /flvPsf] 5 .
ut jif{ sf7df8f}dF f o;sf] @) b]lv #) nfv ?lkofF k|ltlsnf];Dddf lsga]r
ePsf] lyof] . ljZje/df a;]l{ g sl/a % b]lv !! ca{ cd]l/sL 8n/ a/fa/sf] of;f{sf]
Jofkf/ x'g] cg'dfg 5 . rLgn] ljZjdf pTkfbg x'g] of;f{sf] (% k|ltzteGbf a9L
ahf/ cf]u6]sf] 5 eg] g]kfnn] b'Ob{ l] v tLg k|ltzt;Dd . To; sf/0f rLg o;sf]
k|dv' pTkfbs / ahf/ b'j} xf] . ljlslkl8ofsf cg';f/ ;g\ @))$ b]lv @)!# ;Dddf
rLgdf o;sf] ahf/ d"No Ps xhf/ k|ltzteGbf a9Ln] j[l4 ePsf] 5 eg] g]kfndf
ljut !# jif{df o;sf] ahf/ d"No @ xhf/ * ;o k|ltzt;Dd a9]sf] 5 .
rLgsf] cfly{s pGglt;Fu} al9/x]sf gjwgf9\oaLr of;f{ dxFuf] k|mG] r :ofDk]gh:t}
nf]slk|o 5 . pgLx¿n] cfk"m;Fu of;f{ x'gn ' fO{ …:6\of6; l;Daf]nÚ -k|lti7fsf] k|tLs_ sf
¿kdf lng] x'gfn] dxFuf] d"No ltg{ lxrlsrfpFbg} g\ . of;f{nfO{ 7"nf ;/sf/L
clwsf/Lx¿;Fu sfd k6\ofpg 3";sf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf ;dfrf/ lrlgofF
cvaf/df cfO/x]sf x'G5g\ . g]kfnaf6 ljb]z lgsf; x'g] of;f{ rLgnufot xªsª,
l;+ufk'/, hfkfg / cd]l/sf;Dd k'U5 . lrlgofF d"nsf gful/s a;f]jf; ug]{ ;+;f/sf
;a} h;f] ;x/df of;f{ laqmL–ljt/0f x'G5 . lxhf]cfh OG6/g]6dfkm{t\ klg 7"nf]
kl/df0fdf o;sf] vl/b–laqmL x'G5 . of;f{ cyf{t lxdfnog leofu|f M k|frLg lrlgofF
pkrf/ ljlwdf of;f{sf] k|of]u ;of}F jif{cl3b]lv ul/Fb} cfPsf] 5 . of;f{sf af/]
klxnf]k6s ;lrq j0f{g GofDgL bf]hL{n] ;g\ !$&% lt/ n]vs ] f] Pg cf];g ckm
Pk|mf]l8lhPsn Sjflnl6h, c :k];n js{ cg of;f{uG' a' eGg] k':tsdf e]6g\ ;lsG5 .
t/, ljZjdf o;sf] cTolws rrf{ eg] ;g\ !((# df hd{gLdf ePsf] ljZj 6«ofs
PG8 lkmN8 k|ltof]lutfkl5 dfq} x'g yfn]sf] xf] .
pQm k|ltof]lutfdf tLg lrlgofF dlxnf v]nf8Ln] ! xhf/ % ;o, # xhf/ / !)
xhf/ ld6/sf] bf}8df kfFr ljZj /]s8{ sfod /fv] . v]nf8Lsf] pTs[i6 k|bz{gsf] /x:o
b}lgs cEof;sf qmddf of;f{ ;]jg ug{' xf] eg]/ k|lzIfsn] v'nf;f ul/lbPkl5 o;sf]
rrf{ / vf]hL ljZjel/ ljif]ztM klZrdf ;~rf/dfWodx¿df x'g yfn]sf] xf] . To;kl5
o;sf] rrf{;uF } o;sf] d"No klg csflzPsf] 5 . k/Dk/fut lrlgofF pkrf/ ljlwcg';f/
o;sf] k|of]u bd, sn]hf], d'6' / d[uf}nfsf] /f]udf ul/G5 .
g]kfndf :yfgLo ¿kdf emf8fkvfnf, 6fpsf] b'Vg], xftuf]8f b'Vg] pkrf/sf lglDt
o;nfO{ k|of]u ul/GYof] . oBlk, clxn] o;sf] cTolws pkof]u eg] of}g zlQma4{s
6lgssf ¿kdf ul/G5 . To; sf/0f o;nfO{ …lxdfnog leofu|fÚ eg]/ ahf/df
a]rlavg ul/G5 . of;f{n] ;fFRr} of}gzlQm a9fpF5 t ? of] cfdlh1f;f xf] . cd]l/sfsf]
:6fgkmf]8{ ljZjljBfnosf j}1flgsn] u/]sf] cg';Gwfgn] of;f{sf] lgoldt ;]jg ug]{
k'?ifsf] lk;fadf !&–s]6f:6f]/f]O8 eGg] tTj a9L x'g] b]vfPsf] lyof] .
pQm tTjn] k'?ifdf PG8«fl] hgnufotsf ;]S; xdf]g{ sf] pTkfbg a9fpF5 . Pp6f

t]nsf] yf]kfyf]kf hf]ufcf}+

;j]I{ f0fdf of;f{ lgoldt ;]jg ug]{ ^$ k|ltzt dflg;n] cfˆgf] of}g zlQm a9]sf]
atfPsf lyP . kl5Nnf]k6s ;ft hgf #) b]lv $) jif{ pd]/sf v]nf8LnfO{ of;f{af6
ag]sf …;lKnd]G6Ú tLg dlxgf;Dd v'jfP/ k/LIf0f ubf{ pgLx¿df ;]S; xdf]g{ ,
6]:6:6]/f]g a9]sf] b]lvPsf] lyof] . csf]{ cg';Gwfgn] of;f{n] dflg;sf] z/L/df ePsf]
sf]ifsf] zlQma4{s P6LkL pTkfbg a9fpg] b]vfPsf] 5 . of;f{uD' afdf sf]l8{;l] kgnufot

OGwg vr{ 36fcf}+

cGo Go'Sn]cf];fO8, sf]l8{;l] ks Pl;8, Pldgf] Pl;8, c;Gt[Kt ˆof§L Pl;8, sfaf]x{ fO8«6,
kf]ln;fSsf/fO8, le6fldg, ;'u/, k|fl] 6g, :6]/f]n, d]nflggh:tf /f;folgs kbfy{
kfOG5 . o;df kfOg] s]xL /f;folgs tTjx¿ SofG;/ / 6\od' / pkrf/df klg
pkof]uL b]lvPsf] xfn} ePsf j}1flgs cg';Gwfgx¿n] k'li6 u/]sf 5g\ . s] sf] nflu
k|of]u ul/G5 M of;f{uD' afnfO{ of}gzlQmaw{s / ;j{u0' f ;DkGg hl8a'6Lsf] ¿kdf
lnOG5 . vf]sL, bd, Ifo/f]unufotsf /f]unfu]df klg o;nfO{ cf}ifwLsf] ?kdf k|of]u
g]kfn cfon lgud lnld6]8 ulG5 . aLo{df z'qmf0f'sf] ;+Vof a9fpg / z'qmf0f'nfO{ :j:Yo /fVg c08 / l8Dafzosf]
v/faL sdnlkQ hlG8;df klg o;sf] k|of]u x'g] u/]sf] 5 . To:t} :gfo';DaGwL /f]u,
kmf]g g+=+ $@^@(&), km\ofS; M $@^#$&! df+zk];Lsf] b'vfO{, Zjf;k|Zjf;;DaGwL /f]u lgsf] kfg{ ;d]t o;sf] k|of]u x'g] u5{ .
To;}n] of] ax'dN" o h8La'6L ag]sf] 5 .
 @)*) ;fn d+l;/ @$ ut] cfOtaf/
bfz{lgs k|0ffnLleq bfz{lgs kIfw/tfsf] k|Zg aaf{bLtkm{ bf}l8/x]sf] d'ns
ljZjdf w]/} k|sf/sf bz{gx? 5g\ .
bfz{lgs kmfF6cGtu{t bfz{lgs k|0ffnLleq
ljleGg k|0ffnLx? /x]sf 5g\ . ;a} bz{gx?
juL{o kIfw/tfdf cfwfl/t 5g\ . ljZj
dfgj ;dfhdf ju{sf] pTklQ;Fu} bz{gsf]
pTklQ ePsf] k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf] 5 .
bz{gsf] kIfw/tf;DaGwL ljifo Hofb}
dxTjk"0f{ ljifo xf] . o;nfO{ xr'jfsf]
e/df / 6k6{O' o{ fF 1fgsf cfwf/df
lgisif{df k'Ug' c1fgtf 7xb{5 . To;}n]
o; n]vdf bfz{lgs k|0ffnL leq bfz{lgs
kIfw/tfsf] ljifonfO{ ;a{;fwf/0f
cWootfx? ;d]t cWoog ug{ / a'‰g
;lhnf] xf];\ eg]/ ;/n efiffdf n]Vg]
k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 .
bfz{lgs kmfF6cGtu{t bfz{lgs
k|0ffnL leq bfz{lgs kIfw/tfsf] ljifonfO{
o;sf] pTkltsf] hud} k'u/] cWoog
ug{, JofVof / ljZn]if0f ug{ / ;+Zn]if0f
ug{ h?/L x'G5 . cfˆgf] pTklQ;Fu} bz{gn]
juL{o kIfw/tf sfod /fVb} cfPsf] 5 .
ha dfgj ;dfhdf jif{sf] pTklQ tab]lv
g} ljleGg ju{x?nfO{ cfˆgf] ju{sf] lxt
ug],{ cfˆgf] ju{sf] kIfkf]if0f / ;]jf ug]{ /
lglZrt ju{n] cfˆgf] juL{o ljZjb[li6sf]0f
lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu bz{gsf] cfjZostf
k/]sfn] x/]s ju{n] cfˆgf] juL{o b[li6sf]0f,
cfˆgf] lxtfg'sn " bz{gnfO{ c+ufNg]
kl/l:ylt ;[hgf eof], h;sf sf/0f ljZj
dfgj ;dfhdf bz{gsf] cfjZostf kkf]{ .
cfh æbz{gljgfsf] dflg; h/fljgfsf]
?vÆ aGg k'U5 . To;}n] ;a} ju{nfO{
bz{g rflxPsf] 5 .
ju{;dfhdf bz{gn] lglZrt ju{sf]
kIfw/tf sfod ub}{ cfPsf] 5 / ljZj
dfgj ;dfhdf ju{ /x];Dd bfz{lgs
b[li6sf]0f /lx/g]5 / dfgj ;dfh j}1flgs
;fDojfbdf k'uk] l5 ju{ / /fHosf] cGTo
;Fu} bz{gsf] klg cGTo x'g5 ] . bz{g
s'g} 7fpF ljz]ifsf], bz{g s'g} :yfg
ljz]ifsf] x'bF g} . bz{g ju{ ljz]ifsf] x'G5 .
To;}n] bz{g juL{o ljZjb[li6sf]0f pkh
xf] . oxfF bfz{lgs k|0ffnLleq bfz{lgs
kIfw/tfsf] ljifonfO{ k|dv ' ljifo;Fu
cGt;{DalGwt /x]/ of] bfz{lgs cfn]v
n]Vg] k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 . bz{g ePsf] s]
xf] < bz{gsf] hGd slxn] eof] < /
bz{gsf] ljsf; s;/L eof] < cflb
ljifoj:t'af6 of] cfn]v n]Vg z'? ul/Psf]
5 . / bz{g Hofb} j[xt\ tyf uxg ljifo
ePsf]n] ;a} ljifosf] JofVof – ljZn]if0f
ug{ ;+ej gePsf]n] oxfF ;lDIfKt ?kdf
n]Vg] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .
pTkfbg ;+3if{, ju{;3+ if{ / j}1flgs
k|of]usf] aLraf6 bz{gsf] hGd ePsf]
xf] . dfgj ;dfhsf] ljsf;sf] qmddf
dft[;Qf ;dfhsf] lj36g / lkt[;QfTds
;dfhsf] :yfkgf;Fu} bf; dflns ;dfhsf]
ljsf;sf] k|lqmofsf aLraf6 k|frLg o'gfg,
ef/t, g]kfn rLgdf ;Fu;Fu} h;f] bz{g
ljsl;t x'bF } cfPsf] kfOG5g\ . o;/L
bz{gzf:q Ps clt k|frLg lj1fg xf] .
bz{gsf] zflAbs cy{– s'g} klg j:t'nfO{
x]g,{] a'‰g], JofVof ug]{ / To;nfO{ abNg]
;fwgsf] gfd xf] . To;}n] bz{gnfO{
dflg;sf] leqL cfFvf elgG5 .
ljZj a|Xdf08sf] pTklQ s;/L
eof] < k[YjLdf hLj, hGt' tyf jg:klt
/ dflg;sf] hGd / ljsf; s;/L eof] <
oL cfkm}F hlGdPsf x'g\ ls lognfO{
hGdfpg] s'g} O{Zj/ / of sfNklgs zlQm
5 < k|sl[ t / ;dfhsf] pTklQ s;/L
eof] < eljiodf ljZjsf] l:ylt s] xf]nf <
s] dfG5]n] k|sl[ t / ;dfhsf] ;Dk"0f{ 1fg
k|fKt ;S5 < s] dflg;n] cfˆgf] 1fgsf]
;xf/fn] Jofjxfl/s lqmofsnfksf
cfwf/df k|sl[ t / ;dfhnfO{ abNg
;S5 < dfgj hLjgsf p2]Zo, cfbz{,
st{Ao / d"No s] x'g\ < oL / o:t} cg]sf}+
k|Zgx?sf] ;xL hjfkm vf]Hg] dfG5]sf]
lh1f;fa[ltsf] pkh / cleJolQm g} bz{g
xf] . csf]{ zAbdf bz{g eg]sf] dflg;sf]
hLjg / hutnfO{ x]g,{ ] a'‰g], JofVof ug]{
/ abNg] p;sf] b[li6sf]0f xf] . To;}n]
bz{gnfO{ dflg;sf] leqL cfFvf xf] .
t;y{ bz{g eg]sf] k|sl[ t, dfgj
;dfh Pj+ lrGtgsf rfns lgodx?sf]
cWoog u/fP/ p;sf] ljZjb[li6sf]0f
'
lgdf{0f ug]{ ;fwg xf] . cyf{t\ bz{g eg]sf]
hLjg / hutsf] tyf k|sl[ t / dfgj
;dfhsf] lrGtgsf ;fdfGo lgodx?sf]
cWoog ug]{ Ps k4lt xf] . cGTodf
bz{gn] hLjg / hutsfaf/]df a'‰g] /
To;nff abNg] / tyf ablnPsf] j:t'nfO{
s;/L ;+/If0f ug]{ eGg] s'/f l;sfpF5 .
bfz{lgs kmfF6sf If]qdf Pp6f zf:qsf
?kdf bz{g zAbsf] klxnf] k|of]ustf{
o'gfgL bfz{lgs kfOyfuf]/; x'g\ . pgn]]
bz{gnfO{ a'emfpg] lkmnf];kmL zAbsf]
k|of]u u/]sf lyP . lkmnf]; -k|d] _ /
;f]lkmof -ljj]s_ h:tf zAbsf] ldngaf6
x:taxfb'/ s]=;L=
lkmnf];kmL aGg k'Uof], h;sf] cy{ ljj]s
k|d] x'G5 . bz{g zAb ;+:s[t efiffsf]
b[z\ wft'af6 ag]sf] 5 . b[z\ sf] cy{
x]g,' { hfFRg' / a'‰g' x'G5 . dfS;{ / P+uN] ;n]
o; k|sf/sf] bz{gnfO{ æljZjb[li6sf]0fÆ
eGg'ePsf] 5 . bz{gzf:qsf] klxnf] u|Gy
ægf;bLo ;"QmÆ xf] .
ca bfz{lgs k|0ffnLleq kg]{ bfz{lgs
kIfw/tfsf] k|Zgsfaf/]df k|jz ] u/f}F .
bz{g ;fdflhs r]tgfsf] Pp6f ljlzi6
?k xf] . o;sf] cy{ ju{;dfhdf ;fdflhs
r]tgfsf] ?k klg juL{o x'G5 .
ju{;dfhdf x/]s ju{n] cfˆgf] ljrf/,
OR5f, cfsf+Iff, dt, ;+sNk efjgf Pjd\
cfˆgf lqmofsnfksf] cff}lrTo k'li6 ug{
h?/L x'G5 . t;y{ bz{gn] l7s o;}
cf}lrTo k'li6 ug]{ sfd ub{5 . dfgj
;dfhdf ju{sf] hGd kZrft\ ju{;3+ if{
rNb} cfPsf] 5 . ju{sf] ljnf]kLs/0f,
/fHosf] ljnf]kLs/0f geP;Dd ju{;3+ if{
hf/L /xG5 . åGåfTds tyf P]ltxfl;s
ef}ltsjfbn] o;sf] j}1flgs ?kdf
lg?k0f ul/;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] bz{gn]
ju{;3+ if{df b[9 kIfw/tfsf] dfu ub{5 .
of] :jfefljs ?kdf j}1flgs lgod xf]
ls ju{;dfhdf ljleGg ju{sf :jfy{x?
Ps csf]d{ f 6s/fpF5g\ / tL leGgleGg
ljrf/ / b[ l i6sf] 0 fsf ?kdf
k|ltlalDat aGg k'U5g\ . tL leGg
ljrf/x?sf] . cfwf/zLnfdf ljleGg
b[li6sf]0fsf] lgdf{0f x'G5 .
bz{gzf:qsf] df}lns k|Zgn] :ki6
kfl/;s] s f] 5 ls bz{ g zf:qsf]
Oltxf;df ef}ltsjfb / cfbz{jfb tyf
åGåjfb / . clwe"tjfb aLr dfgj
;dfhdf h'g ;+3if{ rNb} cfPsf] 5,
Tof] g} o;} juL{o tyf j}rfl/s
;+3if{sf] k|ltljDagsf] kl/0ffd xf] .
cfh d'Vo u/]/ o; ;+;f/df b'O{j6f
bz{g 5g\ – cfbz{jfb / ef}ltsjfb .
cfbz{jfbL bz{gn] bf;dflnsx?sf]
cyf{t\ bf; o'lug /fHoJoj:yfsf]
kIfkf]if0f u/]sf] lyof] . ;fdGtjfbL
o' u df ;fdGtju{ / ;fdGtjfbL
/fHo;Qfsf] kIfkf]if0f u/]/ cfPsf]
5 eg] cfhsf] ;fd|fHojfb / ;j{xf/f
ju{ a Lr ;+ 3 if{ s f] o' u df klg
k'FhLjltju{ / k'FhLjfbL /fHo;Qfsf]
kIfw/tf / kIfkf]if0f ul//x]sf] 5 .
o;sf] ;fydf k'FhLjfbnfO{ oflGqs
ef}ltsjfbn] klg ;]jf ul//x]sf] 5 .
o;sf] l7s ljk/Lt ef}ltsjfbn]
>dhLlj ju{sf], sfd ul/vfg] hgtfsf]
/ ;j{xf/f ju{sf] kIfw/ / kIfkf]if0f
ub{5 . dfS;{jfbL bz{g ef}ltsjfbL
bz{g xf] / dfS;{jfbL bz{g ;j{xf/f
>dhLljju{sf] bz{g xf] . sfd ul/vfg]
cfdhgtfsf] bz{g xf] . ef}ltsjfbL
bz{gn] cfˆgf] pTkltsfnb]lv g}
>dhLlj ju{sf] kIfw/ /x]/ oxL ju{s}
;]jf ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
cfhsf] o'u r/d ju{df ljeflht
7
o'u xf] . ;fy} cfhsf] o'u ;fd|fHojfb /
;j{xf/f aLr eLif0f ju{;3+ if{sf] o'u xf] .
n]lgg s} zAbdf cfhsf] o'u j}1flgs
cfkm\gf] hGdynf]sf] dfof ;a}nfO{ oxFf c;Vo 5g\ . ltgLx? clxn] sxfF pBf]u s]xL 5}g . ePsf] klg sldzgsf
Û
x'G5, rfx] Tof] kz' g} lsg gxf];\ . 5g\ < lsg s]xL af]Nb}gg\ < jf:tjdf nflu aGb ul/xfn]+ . /f]huf/L 5}g .
;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] k"ja{ n] fsf] o'u xf] .
v;Laf]sf g} eP klg ltgLx? cfk"m eGg] xf] eg] , gful/s ;dfh, clxn] ;a} kf6L{ ld;g *$ sf]
lsgeg] n]lgg s} zAbdf ;fd|fHojfb
kflnPsf] 7fpF 5f]8/] hfg'kbf{ cfFvfaf6 pkef]StfjfbL, /fi6«kd]| L elgPsfx? klg cleofgdf nfu]sf 5g\ . klxnf] s'/f t
;9]un]sf] k'h F Ljfb xf] . d/gf;Gg k'h F Ljfb
cfFz' emf5{g\ . t/, dfgj g} ePklg /fhgLlts kf6L{sf emf]n] x'g\ . b]z s'g @)*$ ;fndf g]kfn /xG5 ls /xFbg} \ <
xf] . To;}n] ;fd|fHojfbsf] cGTo clgjfo{
g]kfnL s§/ 5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] cj:yf 5 < cfd;j{;fwf/0f slt of] x]gk' { ¥of] lg . a}s
+ tyf ljlQo ;+:yfaf6
5 . To;kl5 lgdf{0f x'g] ;fdflhs Joj:yf
dft[el" d / hGdynf]sf] clnslt klg kL8fdf 5g\ < s;}nfO{ yfxf 5 . lnPsf] C0f ltg{ g;s]/ g]kfnLx?n]
eg]sf] j}1flgs ;dfhjfb x'bF } ju{ljxLg,
dfof 5}g . /fhgLlts bnx?n] b]z dfOtL3/ d08nfdf lbgx'F cfGbf]ng cfTdxTofsf] af6f] /f]lh/x]sf 5g\ .
/fHoljxLg clt j}1flgs, ;'Gb/, ;d[4
;sfO;s]+ . d'ns ' aaf{bLtkm{ bf}l8/x]sf] ;DaGwljR5]b ug]x{ ?sf] ;+Vof a9]sf] 5 .
;fDojfbL gf}nf] ;+;f/sf] lgdf{0f x'g] xf] .
5 . oBlk, s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] t ;/sf/n] g]kfnL hgzlStnfO{ wdfwd
o;/L dfgj ;dfhsf] ljsf;sf] k|lqmof
s'g} /fhfsf] sfo{stf{ eP/ a;]sf 5g\ . ljb]z k7fO/x]sf] 5 . dfWolds lzIff
cGtu{t cfh;Dd tdfd k|sf/sf
;a}sf] gful/stfdf g]kfnL pNn]v 5 . k"/f u/]sfx? #) nfv ?k}ofF vr{ u/]/
cfbz{jfb / ef}ltsjfb tyf oflGqs
s;}sf] gful/stfdf kf6L{sf] sfo{stf{ cd]l/sf / ci{ :6«l] nof k'us ] f 5g\ .
ef}ltsjfbsf aLrdf h'g ;+3if{ rNb}
eg]/ n]lvPsf] t 5}g . e"k" /fhf 1fg]Gb|, clns sd k9n]v ePsf / cfly{s
cfPsf] 5, Tof] tdfd k| s f/sf
/fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx? k'iksdn cj:yf sdhf] / ePsfx? vf8L
k|ltlqmofjfbL / qmflGtsf/L hg;d'bfo,
bfxfn, s]kL zdf{ cf]nL, dfwj g]kfn, l5l//x]sf 5g\ .
;fd|fHojfbdf lul/;s]sf] k'h F Lkltju{
emngfy vgfn, z]/axfb'/ b]pjf, oxFfrflxF s'g} eQf vfg] 5g\ . s'g}
tyf ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{ aLrsf] hLjg
afa'/fd e§/fO{, pk]Gb| ofbjnufot k]G;g yfk]/ a;]sf 5g\ . s'g} kf6L{sf]
d/0fsf] ju{;+3if{sf] k|ltlaDag /
kl/0ffd xf] .
;a}n] g]kfnL n]lvPsf] gful/stf g} cg';f yfkf emf]n] 5g\ . b]z g]kfn t/ g]kfnLrflxF
lnPsf 5g\ . hlt klg ;/sf/L sd{rf/L eO/xG5 . 5}gg\ . b]zsf] cfly{s cj:yf sf]xLaf6
bz{gzf:qsf] df}lns k|Zgsf] kmfF6df
5g\, ltgn] klg g]kfnL gful/s ePs} ld6/Aofh kLl8tb]lv lnP/ ;xsf/L n'ss ] f] 5}g . t}klg nfvf}+ ?k}ofF ef8f
kIfw/ / u}/kIfw/sf ljifodf ;+Zn]if0f
cfwf/df hflu/ vfPsf 5g\ . kLl8t dfOtL3/ d08nfdf cgzg p7fpg]x?, 5f]/f5f]/L cd]l/sf, ci6«l] nof
ub}{ sd/]8 dfcf] T;]tª' n], æju{;3+ if{ /
logLx? g]kfnL x'bF f b]znfO{ 7"nf] a;] . /fi6«kltn] cfddfkmL lbPsf ePsfx? nfh krfP/ eQf lng j8f
bz{gdf k|fylds :yfg ju{;3+ if{sf] x'gÆ]
…3ftÚ ePsf] 5 . g]tf / ;/sf/L hflu/] …xTof/fÚ nfO{ k'gM y'gfdf k7fpg dfu k'U5g\ . sf7df8f}dF f 3/ 5, t/ eQf
eGg'ePsf] 5, / æbz{g Tolta]nf dfq}
egfpFbf logLx?n] b]z a]Rg nfu] . b]z ub}{ dfOtL3/df wgf{ lbP . 8fS6/ lng 5f]8b\ g} g\ . ;/sf/n] eQf s;/L
hGdG5 ha ju{;+3if{ rN5, hu
;ls;Sof] eGg] s'/f g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ uf]ljGb s];L klg k6sk6s cgzg lbO/x]sf] 5 < s;}nfO{ dtna 5}g .
ju{;3+ if{sf] g} xf] . To;kl5 dfq} btf{sf]
yfxf 5 . t/, sfo{stf{ ag]/ lxF8s ] fn] a;] . t/, b]zsf] nflu cgzg a:g]rflxF dlxg}lkR5] eQf / k]G;g cfP k'U5 <
cWoogsf] s'/f cfpF5 . s;sf] bz{g <
of] s'/f b]Vb}gg\ . dxfaf}4, OGb|rf]sdf sf]xL e]l6Pgg\ . g]tfx? t cfkm\gf] dlxgf k'Ug]lalQs} a}s + k'U5g\, k]G;g
a'hj' { f ju{sf] ls ;j{xf/f ju{sf] < ;j{xf/f
ef/L af]s/] lxF8g\ x] ? b]z ;ls;s]sf] JolStut :jfy{sf] k5fl8 nfu] eg] cfPsf] l5 ls 5}g eg]/ . ;/sf/ klg
ju{sf] bz{g dfS;{jfbL bz{g xf] .Æ –
b'Mv];f] kf]V5g\ . b]znfO{ tx;gx; hgtfsf] xsdf klg ToxL g} 5 . To:t} 5, …gfnfosÚ . cfDbfgLn] y]Ug
dfcf] T;]tª' , b'ne{ /rgfx?, k[i7 (!,
agfPsf] eGb} pgLx? eSsflgG5g\ . b]z a]Rg kfOFbg} \ eg]/ lsg sf]xL g;Sg] ePkl5 vr{ s6f}tL ul/G5 .
vf]hL k|sfzg u[x, sf7df8f},F @)^$ .
sfo{stf{ / ;/sf/L hflu/]nfO{ t s] af]Nb}gg\ < ljb]zL C0f @& va{ ?k}ofF 3/ / /fi6«sf] xsdf Pp6} xf] . t/,
sd/]8 dfcf]sf dflysf egfOaf6
5 < hlt r'k nfUof], Tolt vfg kfOg] . gfl3;s]sf] 5 . Ps hgf g]kfnLsf] g]kfn ;/sf/ pN6f] ultdf lxF8s ] f] 5 .
:ki6 x'G5 ls ju{ ;dfhdf bz{gsf]
b]z n'6g\ kfOg] . >Ln+sfsf] cj:yf 6fpsf]df nfv ?k}ofF C0fsf] ef/L 5 . o; jif{sf] bz}d+ f ljb]zLaf6 C0f NofP/
rl/q juL{o x'G5 . j:t'tM juL{o
;a}n] b]Vof}+ . ToxFf cfly{s dGbL ePkl5 gk9]sfnfO{ klg ljb]zL C0f ltg{ eQf, k]G;g / bz}+ k]ZsL lbof] .
;dfhdf bz{gsf] rl/q juL{o x'g]
;a} hgtf ;8sdf cf]Ol/P . sf]xL klg g;Sg]lalQs} g]kfn ljb]zLn] lnG5 eGg] hgk|ltlglw sd{rf/L x'g\ < pgLx?
ePsf]n] cfˆgf] ju{lxt, ljrf/ /
kf6L{sf] sfo{stf{ eP/ a;]gg\ . s'/f yfxf 5 . gq g]kfnnfO{ sfnf];r " Ldf hflu/ vfg cfPsf] ls hgtfsf] ;]jf
/fhgLlts p2]Zosf] ;]jf ub{5 . sfn{
/fi6«kltnufotsf pRr kb:ynfO{ xflnlbG5 . @& va{ C0f sxFf uof] < ug{ <
dfS;{ -!*!* – !**#_ / k|m8] l/s
b]zaf6 nv]6+] . cfh >Ln+sf dfly p7\b} sxLF–st} ljsf; ePsf] 5}g . hgtfsf] logLx? klg tnaeQf vfg] /
P+uN] ; -!*@) – !*(%_ åf/f ;g
5 . >Ln+sfsf nflu cfly{s dGbL cj:yf Ho"s F f] To" 5 . ;/sf/L uf8L r9\g] eP . e"k" klg
!*$* km]ac' | /L @! sf lbg ljZjljVoft
kl/jt{g aGof] . g]kfnsf] cj:yf gfh's ljb]zLaf6 C0f NofpFb} …df]hd:tLÚ /fHosf] 9's6' L n'6g\ ,] axfnjfnf klg
sDo'lg:6 3f]if0ffkq hf/L u/]kZrft
alg;s]sf] 5 . t/, sf]xL r'OSs ug]{ t g]tf / ;/sf/L sd{rf/L x'g\ . /fHosf] 9's6' L n'6g\ ] . clg sxFfaf6 b]z
ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{n] cfˆgf] d'lQmsf]
af]Nb}gg\ . clxn] klg sltko 7fpFdf c:ktfn pef] nfU5 < a'9f]kfsfn] eG5g\,
l;4fGt dfS;{jfb k|fKt u¥of] . dfS;{jfb
d+l;/ & ut] Pdfn]sf] eft[ ;+u7g k'us] f] 5}g . pkrf/ gkfP/ Hofg …?vd"lgsf] afnL slxn] kmNb}g, C0f
k'h
F Ljfbsf] k|f/lDes cj:yfdf ljsl;t
/fli6«o o'jf;+3 ;8sdf cfof] . kmfNg'kg]{ kL8fbfoL cj:yf cem}klg 5 . lng] dfG5] slxn] pef] nfUb}g\ .Ú of] s'/f
ePsf] xf] . dfS;{jfb ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf]
o'jf;+3sf] Ph]08f dFxuL, e|i6frf/, ;/sf/n] oqf] C0f NofP/ s] u¥of] < ;/sf/n] slxn] a'em\g] < C0f lngsf
lj1fg xf] . åGåfTds tyf P]ltxfl;s
a] l tly lyof] . t/, cfGbf] n gdf hgtfnfO{ s'g} cQf]kQf] 5}g . vfg] nflu lwtf] /fVg'k5{ . ;/sf/n] g]kfn
ef}ltsjfb, cltl/Qm d"Nosf] l;4fGt,
cfdgful/s ;xefuL ePgg\ . lsg ls a]nfdf g]tf / ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] vfP, lwtf] /fv]sf] 5 . C0f ltg{ ;s]g\ eg]
ju{;3+ if{ tyf Oltxf;df an k|of]usf]
dx]z a:g]t cfkm}F+ e|i6frf/L xf] . C0f af]lslbg'kg]r { flxF hgtf Û hgtfx?n] b]z t lnnfdLdf r9\5 . ;/sf/L
e"ldsf, ;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTj /
e|i6frf/Ln] e|i6frf/sf] lj/f]wdf af]Ng o;sf] k|lt/f]w ug{ cfjZos eO;s]sf] sd{rf/Lx? t nfh kr]sf eOxfn] .
j}1flgs ;dfhjfb tyf ;fDojfb
;S5 < pgsf] rrf{df cfpg] of] 5 . cleefjsn] 3/df kfn]sf] v;Laf]sf pgLx? t hflu/ vfg cfPsf .
dfS;{jfbsf cfwf/e"t dfGotf x'g\ .
…:606afhLÚ ;a}n] a'em]sf lyP . b'uf{ a]Rg nfUof] eg] klg afnaRrf ?G5g\ . dlxg}lkR5] tna rflxof], ltgnfO{ .
dfS;{jfbsfaf/]df n]lggn] eGg'ePsf] 5,
k|;fO{n+ ] cfGbf]ngsf] cfx\jfg u/] . s]xL dlxgf kfn]sf] v;Laf]sfsf] t Tolt j8fWoIf, d]o/, ;+f;b, e"k" /fi6«klt,
ædfS;{jfb eg]sf] dfS;{sf ljrf/ /
pgn] z'?df p7fPsf ljifox? l7s} dfof x'G5 eg] of] t b]zsf] s'/f xf] . k|wfgdGqLx?n] tna, eQf 5f]l8lbP
pgsf lzIffsf] Jojl:yt z[ªvnf xf] .Æ
lyof] . ;a}n] pgsf] cfGbf]ngn] s]xL g]kfnLx? oxL hGd], x's,{ ] a9]+ . g]tfx?n] klg s]xL cfly{s ef/ t sd x'GYof] .
dfS;{jfbsf] lgdf{0f bz{g, /fhgLlts
kl/jt{g Nofpnf, /fHosf] cfFvf v'Nnf b]z a]Rg nflu;s]+ . t}klg ;a} df}gwf/0f hgtfn] cfk"mx?sf] vr{ k"lt{ ug{ g;Sg]
cy{zf:q / j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf tLg
eg]/ ;f]rs ] f lyP . t/, clGtddf pgL u/]/ a;]sf 5g\ . hgtf s/ ltg{ g;Sg] ePkl5 logLx?n] cfk"mv';L C0f lnP/
;+36s c+ux?sf] ;+Zn]if0faf6 ePsf]
klg k"j/{ fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] emf]n] alglbP . cj:yfdf k'lu;s]sf 5g\ . /fHosf] 9's6' Ldf dgf]dfgL ug{ yfn]+ . b]zsf k|wfgdGqL
5 . dfS;{sf] cfˆg} bz{g 5, Tof] xf]
pgsf] cfGbf]ngsf] cfuf] ;lNsg gkfpFb} /fhZj cfpg sd eO;s]sf] 5 . k'iksdn bfxfn, cy{dGqL k|sfzz/0f
dfS;{jfbL bz{g . dfS;{sf] bz{g
lgEof] . oxFf ;a} hgf cfkm\gf] kmfObf otf, ;/sf/L vr{ eg] a9]sf] a9\o} dxt, ue{g/ dxfk|;fb clwsf/Ln] cem}klg
åGåfTds tyf P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL
x]g{] dfq} x'g\ . htf kmfObf x'G5, Tot} 5 . ;/sf/ vr{ s6f}tL ub}g{ ,\ cfDbfgL hgtfnfO{ e'ªu\ f| d] f /flv/x]sf 5g\ . /fHo
bz{g xf] . dfS;{jfbL bz{gsf] l;4fGt
9lNsG5g\ . b]zdf oqf a'l4hLlj 5g\ . x]¥of] eg] z"Go 5 . ljb]zL C0f ca ;~rfnsx? b]zsf] cj:yf n'sfpg
ef}ltsjfb / o;sf] k4lt åGåjfb xf] .
gful/s ;dfh 5, pkef]StfjfbLx? 36\g] xf]Og, a9\b} hfG5 . Psfw jif{df nfluk/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] ca hgtf cfkm}+ F
åGåfTds tyf P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb
5g\ . cfk"mnfO{ /fi6«kd]| L eGb} lxF8g\ x] ? C0f bf]Aa/ x'G5 . d'ns ' df snsf/vfgf, hfu?s x'gk' g]{ a]nf ePsf] 5 .
ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ljZjb[li6sf]0f xf] .
cfh dfS;{jfbn] klxnf] r/0fdf
dfS;{jfbsf] ljsf;, bf];f| ] r/0fdf
n]lggjfbsf] ljsf; / t];f| ] / gofF
r/0fdf dfcf]jfbsf] ljsf; ul/;s]sf]
kqmfp k'hL{ åGå lgDTofpg] if8\oGq
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf sfo{stf{ kl/>dL, s'zn / ;Ifd / cWoIftf g]skf s}nfnL lhNnf
5 . o;/L cfh dfS;{jfb – n]lggjfb :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o e/t ;Ln] x'gk' g]{ atfP . pQm sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng OGrfh{ k|sfz ;Ln] u/]sf lyP .
– dfcf]jfb ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{sf] g]skfsf dxf;lrj, k|jQmfnufotsf
kyk|bz{s l;4fGt aGg k'us ] f] 5 . g]tfx?sf] gfddf kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L
o;/L cfh cGt/f{li6«o ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ug{' g]kfndf åGå lgDTofpg] if8\oGq
xftdf Pp6f ;fj{ef}d l;4fGtsf] l;Fuf] ePsf] 7f]s'jf u/]sf 5g\ . g]skf
ce]B O{sfOsf] ?kdf dfS;{jfb – s}nfnLåf/f d+unaf/ cfof]lht kf6L{
n]lggjfb– dfcf]jfb g} ljZj ;j{xf/f k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdnfO{ pgn] ;f] 7f]sj' f
ju{sf] d'lQmsf] l;4fGt aGg k'us ] f] 5 . u/]sf x'g\ .
o;sf] l7s pN6f] cfbz{jfb, oflGqs g]tf e/t ;Ln] kqmfp k'hL{sf]
ef}ltsjfb nufot bz{gzf:qsf] kmfF6df 36gfn] b]zsf] l:ylt ljikmf]6lt/
dfn]dfjfb lj/f]wL wf/fsf ?kdf uPsf] eGb} k|ltufdLx?sf] if8\oGqnfO{
ljsl;t ePsf ljljw bfz{lgs qmflGtsf/Lx?n] s8f k|lt/f]w ug{' kg]{
wf/fx?n] ;a}vfn] k|ltlqmofjfbL, a6f . pgn] eg]– …g]kfn sDo'lgi6
;fd|fHojfbdf lul/;s]sf] k'h F Lkltju{sf] kf6L{sf g]tf dfly kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L
kIfw/tf sfod /fVb} ToxL ju{sf] ;]jf/t u/]/ åGå lgDTofpg] if8\oGq ePsf]
/xb} cfPsf] 5 eg] dfn]dfjfb ljZj 5 . qmflGtsf/Lx?n] k|lt/f]w ug{k' 5{ .Ú
;j{xf/f ju{sf] ;]jf / kIfw/tf Pj+ g]tf e/t ;Ln] kf6L{sf] ;xL
kyk|bz{g ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ljrf/nfO{ hgtf;Fu hf]8g\ g]tf /
 8 sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#÷@)^#÷^$
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sf7df8f}F . sflnsf]6sf] …;L ufpFÚ
dfNsf]6sf :yfgLoaf;Lx?n] bnfn
;+;bLo Joj:yfaf6 cfk"mx? dfly
;f}tg] L Jojxf/ x'g] u/]sf] u'gf;f] u/]sf
5g\ . cfO{taf/ g]kfn sDo'lgi6
kf6L{ s f k| j Qmf k| s f08 ;L;F u
cgf} k rfl/s e] 6 3f6sf qmddf
:yfgLoaf;Lx?n] o:tf] u'gf;f] u/]sf
x'g . ;L ufpFaf;Lx?n] k|sf08sf] ufpF
/ g]skfsf] cfwf/e"ld ePsf] s'/f
u/]/ :yfgLo ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/
/ ;+3Lo ;/sf/af6 cfpg] ljsf;]
of]hgfb]lv cGo ;]jf ;'ljwfx? dfly
;f}t]gL Jojxf/ x'g] u/]sf] atfPsf
5g\ . ;L ufFpaf;L sdn a6fnfn]
:yfgLo ;/sf/b]lv s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/n]
dfNsf]6sf] ;L ufpFnfO{ x]g{] b[li6sf]0fdf
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