PROJECT : TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING

LOCATION : SAN JOSE, ANTIQUE

OWNER : AGUINALDO AGUILAR JR.
SUBJECT : STRUCTURAL DESIGN ANALYSIS (STEEL BEAM DESIGN)

Design Data
Load UDL 20 kN/m
Span of the beam 5 m
Beam is simply supported
Design strength of steel, Py = 275 N/mm2
Maximum Bending Moment

= wl2/8 = 20 x 52 / 8 = 62.5 kNm

Maximum shear force

= wl/2 = 20 x 5 / 2 = 50 kN

Try beam w8x21 (89.7 kg/m) (Py = 275 N/mm2 )

Section Data
 D = 500 mm
 T = 16 mm
 t = 10 mm
 B = 200 mm
 b = 100 mm
 r1 = 20 mm
 d = 500 – 16 x 2 – 2 x 20 = 428 mm
 Sx = 2175×103 mm3
 Zx = 1914×103 mm3
 ry = 43.3 mm

Classification of Beam

The first step of the steel beam design is the classification of the section to know whether it is plastic, semi-
plastic, compact, slender.

T = 16 mm, Py = 275 N/mm2

ε = (275/Py)0.5 = 1
Check Flange

b/T = 100 / 16 = 6.25 < 9ε = 9 – Flange is compact

Check Web

d/t = 428 / 10 = 42.8 < 80ε = 80 – Web is compact

Further, d/t < 70ε = 70 – Therefore, no need to check for shear buckling
Therefore, section is Compact

Design for Shear

Design shear force, Fv = 50 kN

Pv = 0.6 Py Av = 0.6 Py tD = 0.6 x 275 x 10 x 500 x 10-3 = 825 kN
Fv < Pv Shear capacity is OK

Design for Bending

60% x Pv = 0.6 x 825 = 495 kN

Fv < 0.6 Pv Section subjected to low shear
Mc should be less than 1.2PyZx or Py Sx as per Cl. 4.2.5.1 and Cl. 4.2.5.2
Mc ≤ 1.2PyZx = 1.2 x 275 x 1914 x103 x 10-6 = 613.62 kNm
Mc = Py Sx = 275 x 2175 x 103 x 10-6 = 598.125 kNm
Therefore,

Mc = 598.125 kNm > 62.5 kNm

Bending ok

Check Lateral Buckling

Mx < Mb / mLT

mLT = 0.925, Table 18, BS 5950
Mb = Pb Sx Cl. 4.3.6.4

Using Rigorous Method

Mb = Pb Sx
Pb is depending on the λLT and Py
λLT = uvλ√(βw)
λ = LE / ry
LE – to be taken from Table 13 as per the Cl. 4.3.5.1 and consider L LT = L – span
LE = 1.0 LLT = 1 x 6 = 6 m
λ = LE / ry = 6000 / 43.3 = 138.568
For rolled I and H sections, Cl. 4.3.6.8

x = D / T used with u = 0.9

x = D / T = 500 / 10 = 50

βw to be obtained from Cl 4.3.6.9

βw = 1 for Class 1 plastic or Class 2 Compact sections
v – slenderness factor to be obtained from Table 19 based on the λ / x and η

λ / x = 138.568 / 50 = 2.771
η = 0.5 for equal flanges

v = 0.919 from Table 19

λLT = uvλ√(βw) = 0.9 x 0.919 x 138.568 x √(1) = 114.6

If λLO ≥ λLT ; Pb = Py or Otherwise Pb shall be taken from Table.

If λLO ≥ λLT no allowance needs to be made for lateral-torsional buckling and otherwise check for lateral-
torsional buckling.
Py = 275 N/mm2 ; λLO = 37.3
λLO < λLT Therefore check for lateral torsional buckling
From Table 16, for λLT = 114.6 ; Pb = 102 N/mm2
Mb = Pb Sx = 102 x 2175 x 103 x 10-6 = 221.85 kNm
Mb / mLT = 221.85 / 0.925 = 239.838 kNm
Therefore, Mx = 90 kNm < Mb / mLT = 239.838 kNm
Section is adequate.

Deflection
Maximum deflection ( δ ) for simply supported beam having uniformly distributed can be evaluated from
following equation.

δ = 5WeL4 / (384EI)
This equation can be further simplified as follows.

δ = 0.104MmaxL2 / (EI)
Consider imposed load as 10 kN/m.

δ = 0.104 x 90 x 106 60002 / (205 x 103 x 478 x 106 ) = 1.7 mm

Assuming brittle finishes to be used

Span / 360 = 6000 / 360 = 16.7 mm

δ < Span / 360, Hence deflection is Ok

Web Bearing Capacity

Pbw = (b1 + nk) tPyw

Web Bearing Arrangement – Extracted from Code

t = 10 mm

T = 10 mm

r = 10 mm

g = 5 mm

be = 5 mm
b1 = t + T + 0.8r – g = 10 + 10 + 0.8 x 10 – 5 = 23 mm
k = T + r = 16 + 20 = 36 mm (for rolled section)

at end,

n = (2 + 0.6be/k) but ≤ 5
n = (2 + 0.6 x 5 / 36) = 2.083 < 5 Pyw = 275 N/mm2 from Table 9
Pbw = (b1 + nk) tPyw = (23 +2.083 x 36 ) x 10 x 275 x 10-3 = 269.5 kN
Support reaction is 50 kN.

Web bearing is Ok and no stiffeners are required.

Web Buckling
When ae ≥ 0.7d
Px = 25εt Pbw /√[ ( b1 + nk ) d ]
When ae < 0.7d
Px = [ (ae +0.7d)/1.4d] {25εt Pbw /√[ ( b1 + nk ) d ] }
Where

ae = 0.7d = 23 / 2 = 11.5 mm < 0.7 x 428 = 300 mm

Px = [ (ae +0.7d)/1.4d] {25εt Pbw /√[ ( b1 + nk ) d ] }
Px = [ (11.5 +0.7×428)/1.4×428] {25x1x10x275 /√[ ( 23 + 2.083×36 ) 428 ] } = 174.3 kN
Fx < Px
No stiffeners are required.

Therefore, the section is safe: Use section w8x21

Size & Weight per foot Depth in inches Flange width inches Web Thickness Web Thickness
 inches inches

W8x21 8.28 5.270 0.40 0.250

PROJECT : TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING

LOCATION : SAN JOSE, ANTIQUE
OWNER : AGUINALDO AGUILAR JR.
SUBJECT : STRUCTURAL DESIGN ANALYSIS (STEEL COLUMN DESIGN)

Section Properties
  Area of section, A = 113 cm2
 Thickness of flange, tf = 17.3mm
 Radius of gyration about the major axis (y-y), iy = 112mm
 Radius of gyration about minor axis (z-z), iz= 65.5 mm
 fy = 355 N/mm2
 Web thickness, tw = 10.3mm
 h = 260.3 mm
 b = 256.3 mm
Try Section: w8x21
Section Classification
Part subject to compression:

 ε = (235/fy)0.5 = (235/355)0.5 = 0.81

c/tf =88/17.3=5.1<9ε=9×0.81=7.29
C = (b-tw – 2r)/2 = (256.3 – 10 – 2 x 12.7)/2 = 220.9/2 = 110.5 mm

Part subject to bending:

c/t_w = d/t = 260.3/10.3 = 25.3<72ε=72×0.81=58.32

Therefore, class 1.
Resistance of Cross-Section:
Design resistance for uniform compression, N c,RD for class 1 is defined in the equation below:
Nc,Rd = Afy/ γMO =  11300 x  355 / 1.0 = 4012 x 103 N = 4012 kN > NED = 1750 kN   ……. OKAY
Buckling Resistance of Column
Effective length of column about both axes is determined below:

Lcr = Lcr,y = Lcr,z = 1.0L = 1.0 x 10000 = 10,000mm.

The column will buckle about it’s weak axis (z-z). Slenderness ratio can be determined below:

λ1=π√(E/fy) = π√(210 x 103/355) = 76.4

Slenderness ratio about z-z axis (λz) is
λz = √(Afy/Ncr) = Lcr/iz x 1/ λ1 = 10,000/65.5 x 1/76.4 = 2.0
h/b = 260.3 / 256.3 = 1.02 < 1.2 and tf < 100mm. Therefore, the buckling curve around z-z axis is curve c, α
= 0.49.
φ = 0.5[1 + α (λz – 0.2) + λ2z] = 0.5 [1+ 0.49(2.0-0.2) + 2.02] = 2.941
χ = 1/ (φ + √(φ2-λ2)) = 1/(1.286 + √(1.2862 – 1.072)) = 0.2
Therefore, design buckling resistance, N b,Rd is determine by the following:
Nb,Rd = χAfy/ϒM1
=0.2 x 11300 x 355 x 10-3/1.0 = 802 kN > 500 kN
 
Therefore, the section is adequate.

Therefore, the section is safe: Use section w8x21

Size & Weight per foot Depth in inches Flange width inches Web Thickness Web Thickness
inches inches

W8x21 8.28 5.270 0.40 0.250