Principles of Steel Design

CE306
Engr. Dustin Glenn Cuevas, MSCE
Your Instructor

ENGR. DUSTIN GLENN C. CUEVAS,MSCE

Contact Information:
• Email Address: dgcuevas.ce@tip.edu.ph

Biography:
• A structural engineer with successful experience in the design and review of bridges and civil structures.
• Finished Master of Science in Structural Engineering
• Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
• Worked with Performance Based Design and Earthquake Engineering of Tall Buildings
• Finished Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (Magna Cum laude & Gold Medalist – Batch Rank 1)
• Mapua Institute of Technology, Intramuros, Manila
• 5th Placer May 2017 Civil Engineering Board Examination – Professional Regulation Commission
• Worked as a structural engineer at Arcadis Design and Consultancy
• Worked as a part-time review lecturer
Online Catch Up
Class Rules

• There is no such thing as an excused ABSENCE as per CHED Memorandum Circular for Standard Guidelines
for Engineering Programs.
• A student is allowed to incur 20% of the total meetings per semester. A sample computation of the number
of allowable absences is given below: (Note: I will consider you as absent if you did not take Seatwork every
after topic.)

Number of Number of Allowable

meetings per meetings per absences
week modular group
3 18 4
Class Rules
Grading System

• The grades for the semester can be computed as given below:

• The class standing is given below:

Quizzes 50 %
Homework / Seatwork / Plates 40 %
Recitation 10 %
Grading System
Percentage Grade Equivalent Grade Descriptive Rating
• T.I.P. Numerical Grading System
94 – 100 1.00 Excellent
88.5 – 93.99 1.25 Superior
83 – 88.49 1.50 Meritorious
77.5 – 82.99 1.75 Very Good
72 – 77.49 2.00 Good
65.5 – 71.99 2.25 Very Satisfactory
61 – 65.49 2.5 Satisfactory
55.5 – 60.99 2.75 Fair
50 – 55.49 3.00 Passing
4.00 Incomplete
0 – 49.99 5.00 Failed
6.00 Officially Dropped
7.00 Unofficially Dropped
8.00 No Credit
9.00 Withdrawn
Weekly Learning Plan

LIVE MEETING
ASYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY

MAJOR EXAMINATIONS
Weekly Learning Plan
Important Class Rules

• Please read the Online Class Policy uploaded in the Canvas LMS.
• You are required to be online and logged in to Canvas during your class hours (synchronous and asynchronous
hours)
• During roll-call attendance checking, you are encouraged to open your cameras.
• Maintain a pleasant appearance on camera.
• Be seated behind a table if available. Do not attend class from your bed.
• If you have any questions or clarifications during the online conference, do not hesitate to speak (Unmute your
microphone). You can also send a private message to your instructor in BBB.
• Every live session (2 hours) there will be a healthy break (5mins) every 40 mins. If I accidentally forget to have a
break, you can unmute your mic and request for a break.
• If the teacher’s audio is problematic or unclear, inform the teacher right away by speaking.
• Any form of cheating is NOT ALLOWED in the class. Anyone proved to be cheating shall have a failed grade.
Guidelines for Plates

• All plates are handwritten

• Make sure that your submission is organized and neat.
• Write legibly
• If I cannot read your submission, you will get a score of
zero.
• Copying of someone else work is strictly prohibited.

ENGR. DUSTIN GLENN CUEVAS IMPORTANT:

After each question, provide a summary of answers.
Introduction to Structural Steel
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

• IDENTIFY ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES IN USING STRUCTURAL

STEEL
• ILLUSTRATE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL STEEL
THROUGH ITS STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIP
• CLASSIFY STRUCTURAL STEEL INTO DIFFERENT GRADES AND SHAPES
• DETERMINE KEY CROSS-SECTIONAL PROPERTIES FOR DESIGN
CALCULATIONS
• FAMILIARIZE WITH DESIGN TABLES AND REFERENCE CODES
ADVANTAGES OF STRUCTURAL STEEL

• HIGH STRENGTH • TOUGHNESS

• UNIFORMITY • CONSTRUCTIBILITY
• ELASTICITY • MALLEABILITY
• PERMANENCE • RECYCLABLE
• DUCTILITY
DISADVANTAGES OF STRUCTURAL STEEL

• CORROSION
• FIREPROOFING COSTS
• SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BUCKLING
• FATIGUE
• BRITTLE FRACTURE
USE OF STRUCTURAL STEEL

• SKYSCRAPERS
• LONG-SPAN BRIDGES AND ELEVATED RAILWAYS
• PARKING STRUCTURES
• WAREHOUSES AND HANGARS
• METRO STATIONS
• STADIUMS
• RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
STRESS-STRAIN CHARACTERISTICS

• PROPORTIONAL LIMIT
• ELASTIC LIMIT
• YIELD STRESS
• STRAIN HARDENING
• ULTIMATE STRESS
• NECKING
• FRACTURE
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

• MODULUS OF ELASTICITY (E)

𝑬 = 𝝈/𝜺
• MODULUS OF RESILIENCE
• MODULUS OF TOUGHNESS
• YIELD STRENGTH (fy)
• ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH (fu)
• FRACTURE STRENGTH
STRUCTURAL STEEL GRADES
MOST COMMON STEEL GRADES:
Fy Fu Shapes
36 ksi 58 ksi
A36 M, S, C, MC, L
(248 MPa) (400 MPa)
35 ksi 60 ksi
A53 Gr. B Pipes
(240 MPa) (415 MPa)
46 ksi 58ksi
A500 Gr. B HSS
(315 MPa) (400 MPa)
50 ksi 65 ksi
A572 Gr. 50 HP
(345 MPa) (450 MPa)
50 ksi 65 ksi
A992 W
(345 MPa) (450 MPa)

NSCP 2015 – Section 501.3.1 has prescribed structural

grades for different shapes
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES
1) I – SECTION (4 TYPES)

W-SECTION S-SECTION HP – SECTION M – SECTION

(WIDE FLANGE) (BEARING PILE) (MISCELLANEOUS)
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES
2) T – SECTION (3 TYPES)

WT-SECTION MT-SECTION ST-SECTION

STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES
3) C – SECTION 4) L – SECTION

CAN HAVE EQUAL OR UNEQUAL LEG LENGTHS

STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES
5) PIPES 6) HSS

SQUARE

RECTANGULAR

ROUND
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES
BARS AND PLATES NON-STANDARD SHAPES
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES
COLD-FORMED STEEL
CROSS-SECTIONAL PROPERTIES

GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONS
• Area (A)
• Depth (d)
• Flange and web thicknesses (tf and tw)
• Inner and outer diameters
• Centroids
DETAILING DIMENSIONS
• k and k1
• T
• Workable gage
CROSS-SECTIONAL PROPERTIES
GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES
• Moment of Inertia (I)
• Elastic Section Modulus (S)
• Plastic Section Modulus (Z)
• Radius of gyration (r)
• Effective radius of gyration (rts)
TORSIONAL PROPERTIES
• Torsional Constant (J)
• Warping Constant (Cw)
• Polar radius of gyration (𝒓𝒐 )
• Shear center
DESIGN TABLES AND REFERENCE CODES
REFERENCE FOR CROSS-SECTIONAL PROPERTIES
DESIGN TABLES AND REFERENCE CODES
REFERENCE FOR DESIGN PROVISIONS
DESIGN TABLES AND REFERENCE CODES

NSCP 2015 Sections AISC 360-16

Sec. 504 – Tension Ch. D – Tension
Sec. 505 – Compression Ch. E – Compression
Sec. 506 – Flexure Ch. F – Flexure
Sec. 507 – Shear Ch. G – Shear
Sec. 508 – Combined Forces and Torsion Ch. H – Combined Forces and Torsion
Sec. 510 - Connections Ch. J - Connections
DESIGN APPROACHES

ALLOWABLE STRENGTH LOAD AND RESISTANCE

DESIGN FACTOR DESIGN
(ASD) (LRFD)

DESIGN STRENGTH SAFETY FACTOR (Ω) RESISTANCE FACTOR (Φ)

FACTOR [greater than 1.0] [less than 1.0]

DESIGN LOADS UNFACTORED FACTORED

DEMAND VS 𝑹𝒏
≥ 𝑹𝒅 𝝓𝑹𝒏 ≥ 𝑹𝒅
CAPACITY 𝛀
DESIGN APPROACHES

LOAD AND RESISTANCE

ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DESIGN
FACTOR DESIGN
(ASD)
(LRFD)
1. D 1. 1.4D
2. D+L 2. 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5Lr
3. D + Lr 3. 1.2D + 1.6Lr + (f1L or 0.5W)
LOAD 4. D + 0.75L + 0.75Lr 4. 1.2D + 1.0W + f1L + 0.5Lr
COMBINATIONS 5. D + (0.6W or 0.7E) 5. 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L
6. D + 0.75L + 0.75(0.6W or 0.7E) 6. 0.9D + 1.0W
7. 0.6D + 0.6W 7. 0.9D + 1.0E
8. 0.6D + 0.7E
KEY TAKEAWAYS
• STEEL HAS MANY ADVANTAGES THAT MAKE IT A VERY VERSATILE
STRUCTURAL MATERIAL. WHILE IT HAS FLAWS, ADDITIONAL MEASURES
CAN BE TAKEN TO ADDRESS THEM
• DUCTILITY OF STEEL ALLOWS MEMBERS TO WITHSTAND LARGE
AMOUNTS OF LOAD AS SHOWN BY ITS STRESS-STRAIN CHARACTERISTIC
• STRUCTURAL STEEL CAN BE SHAPED AND STRENGTHENED ACCORDING
TO A SPECIFIC PURPOSE
• TABULATION OF CROSS-SECTIONAL PROPERTIES AID IN DESIGNING
STEEL MEMBERS
• ASD AND LRFD ARE TWO DESIGN APPROACH USES IN THE
CALCULATING STRENGTH LIMIT STATE OF STEEL MEMBERS
REFERENCES

• Brockenbrough, R. and Merritt, F. (2011). Structural Steel Designer's Handbook. ASCE Press.
• Gilbert, N. (2012). Structural Steel - S235, S275, S355 Chemical Composition, Mechanical
Properties and Common Applications. AZO Materials.
https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=6022
• McCormac, J. and Csernak, S. (2012). Structural Steel Design. Pearson Education.
• Mehta, M., Scarborough, W. and Armpriest, D. (2013). Building Construction - Principles,
Materials and Systems. Pearson Education
• Redwing (2020). Resiliency and Toughness. Pennsylvania State University. https://www.e-
education.psu.edu/matse81/node/2105
• Segui, W. (2007). Steel Design. Thomson Canada Limited.