What do I need to be able to do?

By the end of this unit, you should be able to:

• simplify expressions by collecting like terms
• simplify expressions involving multiplication
• substitute positive & negative integers into
ALGEBRA 1
Key Words
expressions Notation: a system of symbols to represent information
• multiply a term over a single bracket Integer: a whole number
• expand and simplify multiple single brackets Expression: a mathematical sentence
• form expressions Variable: a letter which represents an unknown number
Term: a single number or variable
Simplify: group and combine like terms
Algebraic Notation Coefficient: a number used to multiply a variable
t+t+t axb h ÷ 20 dxdxd Equation: a mathematical statement where 2 things are equal
3
‘3 lots of t’ ab h d Like Terms: terms whose variables are the same
3xt I
alphabetical order
20
g Expand: multiply out the brackets
t Substitute: replace a variable with a numerical value
“d cubed” or “d to the power of three”
3t
h shared equally into 20 groups
Evaluate: work out the answer

VARIABLE EXPRESSION Like Terms

EQUATION
Collecting Like Terms
T CONSTANT
y=3x+4
Like terms are where the variable is the same Challenging Example
2

aTERM I and 4 are like terms 4x + 2b - x + 10b = 3x + 12b 3x + 2x - x2 - 5x

COEFFICIENT same variablea 2
5u + 3uv - 3u - 7uv = 2u - 4uv 2x - 3x
d and are unlike terms
Forming Expressions it variablesaare
the
not the same
Always check the order that the
operations are done in!
Like Terms Unlike Terms
Basic substitution
X
I think of a number, add 5 2
to it and then multiply it by y, 7y f, 4f Evaluate 4c, when c=7 Evaluate 2a+5, when a=4
4
2ab, -12ab 2d, 3ds
4x, x
2 2 2
2xy, 3xy 2
If c = 7, this means the If a = 4, this means the
“Think of a number” N expression is asking for 4 ‘lots expression is asking for 2 ‘lots of’
“Add 5 to it” N+5 of’ 7, or
“Multiply it by 4” 4(n+5) 4 plus 5, or
Expanding Single Brackets 4c = 4(7) 2a+5 = 2(4) + 5
I think of a number, = 28 =8+5
multiply it by itself, times it
= 13
by 3 then take away 2 3(2x + 4) means 3 lots of (2x + 4).
“Think of a number” N
Here’s one way to think about it:
“Multiply it by itself” N
2
Harder Substitution
“Multiply it by 3” 3n2
2
“Take away 2”. 3n-2
6 ( x2+ 4 ) s remember this means x squared,
I think of a number, subtract plus 4, all multiplied by 6 remember
8 from it, multiply it by 13 -x-=+
and then divide it by 3
Another way to think about it:
“Think of a number”
“Subtract 8 from it”
N
N-8
If x = 3;
2 2
If x = -2; b2
6 ( x + 4 ) = 6 ( (3) + 4 ) 6 ( x 2+ 4 ) = 6 ( (-2) + 4 )
“Multiply it by 13” 13(n-8)
“Then divide it by 3” 13(n-8) =6(9+4) =6(4+4)
3 = 6 ( 13 ) =6(8)
= 78 = 48

Multiplying Terms Dividing Terms

a x a = a2 2b x b = 2b2 Remember, a is just an empty fraction!

dxdxdxd kl 1
d d = Ild x d xl d = d
4 3 2
2 k 4k =4 x k x k = 4k
4c x 3c = 12c 6d x 7e = 42de Il l l
2
t12 x f x f
12f 3f = 3 x f = 4f
2 2 2 31
18 x g x g x h
18g h 12g h = 12 x g x g x h x h = 2h
3

3fg x 5fg = 3 x f x f x g x 5 x f x g x g x g = 15f g4

3
11 21111