MASTER’S DEGREE IN CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING

Maintenance and Rehabilitation

RAFAA OTHMANI : a54355

RAMI REGAIG: a54356

Second Task

Prof. Eduarda Cristina Pires Luso

BRAGANCA
2023
 Rafaa Othmani & Rami Regaig

A Public Building Maintenance Plan

i. A Maintenance Plan
A building maintenance plan is a way to prioritize goals, maintain assets, schedule work, and
monitor progress. A well-executed plan guarantees fewer emergencies, less disruption, and
more straightforward repairs across working environments. It also means fewer occupant
complaints and happier employees with better control over their workday.
A maintenance plan is a document that defines work done to maintain assets in a facility
proactively. The contents of the document help you facilitate the continued use of an asset at
optimum performance. Your facility can avoid significant breakdowns or unforeseen renewal
if you stick to the guidelines provided here.
The idea behind maintenance planning is to ensure that you can sustain the proper working
condition of your equipment. While an ordinary plan will get the job done, any facility
requires an effective program to enjoy the full benefits of your maintenance policy.
An effective plan needs to cover all the features of your facility's maintenance policy. The
program should contain an exhaustive inventory of assets that you need to maintain. The list
which includes numerous items like boilers, pumps, and roofs, ensures that you don't leave
out any vital asset.
You'll also need to identify the specific maintenance tasks you intend to perform. Where
possible, align these tasks to individual assets. A reasonable maintenance schedule should
also suffice in guiding the whole maintenance program.
For the efficient maintenance of your assets, you need to demonstrate the skills-set required
for each maintenance task. You don't want to hire an inadequately skilled individual to handle
the maintenance. The different levels of maintenance could help you as you prepare this
section.

1
 Rafaa Othmani & Rami Regaig

Exactly what do we need to plan?

 The work itself

As you create your maintenance plan, you have to be clear on what exactly you need to do.
Decide the priority areas as well as the sequence of activities once the maintenance work
begins.
 Instructions
Proper instructions limit the dependency on specific workers. The maintenance work also
needs to meet particular quality standards. You'll only be able to achieve such standards if you
include explicit instructions in the plan. While at it, consider including job observations that
you can perform to guarantee the efficiency of the maintenance tasks.
 Schedule
The purpose of the schedule is to do the work as often as needed – not over-maintaining by
doing the work too often – not under-maintaining so that you experience downtime and
breakdowns. While weekend maintenance hardly stands in the way of your operations, there
is a chance that you may fail to find suppliers.

2
 Rafaa Othmani & Rami Regaig

It is always wise to set aside the maintenance window when you begin your year. Ensure that
production is well aware of this window. You'll need this team's utmost cooperation during
this period. As the year wears on, make necessary changes to the plan to increase its
efficiency.
 Workers
The plan has to indicate the appropriate skill set for each maintenance task. This information
will inform your choice of the best contractors for the work. Depending on your
organizational arrangements, assign each member of the maintenance team to specific areas.
While at it, indicate the tasks that you will reserve for outside contractors. Ensure that the plan
also limits access to areas that pose high risks to the facility's employees.
 Spare parts
In this phase, you can predict your spare part consumption. Once you indicate the parts that
you'll need, the worker knows exactly what to pick from the store – before he goes to do the
actual maintenance work. With this section, the maintenance manager gets insight into parts
used in the previous period as well as future part consumption. They'll have an easier time
preparing a budget for the next twelve months.
 Contractors
Some maintenance tasks may require outside contractors. They include external specialists
who come on-site to do specialist work. Most of them bring special equipment like mobile
cranes and metering equipment tools to service assets.
The effective maintenance plan specifies the work that you'll request contractors to do. With
this section, you won't have to count on one specific contractor for all your maintenance tasks.
You could use these specifications to request quotes and tenders from different contractors to
do a particular type of work.
Steps to creating an effective maintenance plan:
1. Detail the work that you'll need to do on each asset. While at it, write a procedure that
workers will understand.
2. Schedule the work – Use a dating frequency, running hours, or measures that will
provide insight into the condition of an asset. The schedule allows you to do predictive
maintenance.
3. Add workers or contractors – including the estimated working hours.
4. Add spare parts. You can add stock quantities now, or later as you do the work and get
insight into how many pieces you need for the job.
5. Work permit: Highlight if the contractors and workers will need a specific work
permit.

3
 Rafaa Othmani & Rami Regaig

ii. Building Maintenance

1) Introduction
All buildings and infrastructure require maintenance and maintenance.
Maintenance is the set of periodic works (scheduled or unscheduled) that enables public
buildings and infrastructure to provide services adapted to their functions throughout their
useful life and to ensure that their lifespan is as long as possible. In this manual, we focus
mainly on public buildings.
Exposed to climatic hazards, materials in public buildings eventually wear out over time.
Regular inspections can help you quickly detect problems and, when accompanied by regular
maintenance work, will extend the life of a building in your Commune. This avoids costly and
disruptive repair work.
2) Maintenance; Definition
The Maintenance is the set of small periodic works that allows to preserve and/or restore the
initial state of the work. In general, these are measures designed to maintain value and to give
users reasonable comfort. Routine maintenance may be performed on a permanent, periodic
or troubleshooting basis.
Maintenance actions include:
- Periodic inspections of buildings, infrastructure and green spaces = diagnostic;
- Cleaning and gardening operations = regular cleanliness work;
- Scheduled building preservation operations and installation = regular
maintenance
- Troubleshooting, repair or substitution operations = corrective measures.
- Investments to improve public buildings = improvements
- Annual updating of technical documentation: inventory of public goods,
proofing plans, technical drawings etc.
The maintenance can be divided into three categories:
Preventive maintenance/ regular maintenance: it is intended to prevent problems that
inevitably and periodically occur during the life of the building.
Corrective maintenance/ repair work: This is work that is necessary for the building to
reach an acceptable level, that is, work done in order to preserve the building and stop the
deterioration process.
Emergency Maintenance/Immediate Response: This is work that requires immediate
completion for reasons of health, safety, or protection or that results from a rapid deterioration
of the structure of the building or its “fabric” such as repairing the roof after a storm or
replacing broken glass.
The best way to protect the building is to perform routine maintenance to prevent major and
costly repairs. Maintenance planning must take into account your needs and financial means
while ensuring that the building is evaluated annually. A plan that is too complicated or
expensive will simply not be implemented.
4
 Rafaa Othmani & Rami Regaig

Maintenance planning must take into account the needs, financial and human resources while
ensuring that the building is evaluated regularly. A plan that is too complicated or expensive
will simply not be implemented.

5
 Rafaa Othmani & Rami Regaig
Systematic maintenance
according to a schedule

Concerning the level of

Preventive maintenance
degradation

Conditional maintenance
according to the condition of
the equipment

Concerning the level of

performance

Breakdown maintenance
= provisional repair

Maintenance
Corrective and
emergency maintenance

Curative maintenance
= permanent repair

Increase equipment
performance

Improved maintenance

Reduce energy
consumption
6
 Rafaa Othmani & Rami Regaig

iii. Optimisation of maintenance

To ensure the proper functioning of the public buildings and its technical facilities as well as
its external spaces, the Commune must ensure the availability of:
- A complete and up-to-date inventory of all the Commune’s assets (ideally in
numerical form) which will form the basis for the updating of maintenance lists
- All correct building plans and correct plant drawings
- Appropriate human resources/trained workforce
- Appropriate and operational transport and work vehicles
- Appropriate and in good condition
- Sufficient stock of good spare parts and products for equipment
- A service and maintenance manual by type of infrastructure.
And must:
- Systematically check the compliance of installations, either by using its technical staff
or by Specialists (especially in the case of specific installations and networks)
- Check buildings, facilities, and outdoor spaces at prescribed intervals through check
sheets (see templates in Appendix)
- Update network plans, inventory of public assets, maintenance lists, and maintenance
checksheets after each major change (e.g. extension, equipment replacement, etc.) on
buildings and/or facilities

Planned Maintenance Innovative

Planning and improvements
Execution

Materiel and
human Budgeting
resources Optimisation
management of maintenance

Preservation of Information
functioning management
(planning, budget,)

Building Evaluation and

design improvement
of procedures

Important variables for maintenance optimization

7
 Rafaa Othmani & Rami Regaig

1) Building design
Building design is when discussions about maintenance and maintenance-related concerns
begin. The price and difficulty of maintenance operations are significantly impacted by a few
different variables. Important for upcoming building upkeep.
2) Preservation of functioning
The functionality and usability of buildings and their installations must always be guaranteed.
Maintenance should not be overlooked because of financial considerations, such as whether it
would cause risks to users and the environment. The non-functioning of a part or all of the
equipment usually results in accelerated deterioration.
3) Materiel and human resources
The Commune must plan well:
- Availability of personnel to perform maintenance (administrative and technical
personnel), including leave days and planned training days
- Operating times of equipment (vehicles, tools, diagnostic equipment, etc.) and their
maintenance periods
- Consumption and replenishment of spare parts, including regular verification of
product expiry dates.
In order to avoid waste of funds, the Commune must ensure efficient management of the
materials, materials, and labor involved. With regard to staff, it is sometimes cheaper to hire
external service providers (for example through a framework contract) for some maintenance
work instead of employing a less busy specialist.
4) Planned Maintenance Planning and Execution
The Commune is required to establish procedures for planning and carrying out recurrent
maintenance work.
First of all, the Commune must have all the service manuals as well as the technical
documentation of the installations (always the updated versions) which stipulate the intervals
of preventive maintenance. On this basis, it mobilizes the necessary resources for the
activities.
Each cycle of preventive maintenance begins with a diagnostic phase to identify the condition
of the equipment, which determines the necessary actions beyond the work performed
systematically. For ease of diagnosis, this manual contains simple checklists.
5) Budgeting
The Commune must integrate the costs of works and maintenance activities into its annual
budget. It must consider planned activities, such as routine maintenance, but also unforeseen
activities, such as damage caused by accidents, natural influences (storms, floods, etc.),
vandalism, theft, etc.. Among others, they are:

8
 Rafaa Othmani & Rami Regaig

- Cost of materials and spare parts to perform maintenance work according to schedule
and stock consumption
- Operating costs of vehicles and equipment used mainly for the maintenance of
municipal property (fuel, maintenance, products, etc.)
- Operating costs of premises mainly intended for maintenance (depots, workshops,
municipal park, etc.)
- Waste treatment costs related to maintenance work
- Municipal personnel costs mainly involved in maintenance and maintenance activities
§ Where applicable, costs related to the engagement of external service providers (for
example framework contracts).
The Commune must ensure that costs are properly allocated to budget items in Title 1 of the
municipal budget, avoiding duplication or omissions (for example, staff costs). The
integration of costs into the Division 2 "Investment" of the Municipalities are only notable
rehabilitation or maintenance activities, as in some cases improved maintenance (for example
the replacement of old light bulbs from public lighting with LEDs).
6) Information management

Planification
-Schedule of actions
-Updating of information
(plan, resources, etc.)

Improvement Budgeting
-Procedures
-Cost of identified
-Future budget forecast
-Expenditure schedule

Evaluation
-Of the implementation of Supply
actions/effectiveness -Spare parts/Materials
-Of expenses incurred -Tools/Equipment

Achievement Engagement
-Routine maintenance -Personel
-Corrective maintenance -Material

Maintenance Activity Management Cycle

9
 Rafaa Othmani & Rami Regaig

7) Evaluation of maintenance
In order to improve maintenance activities and efficiency, regular evaluation is necessary.
This is done on the basis of evaluation forms by checking all maintenance and repair
activities, including
 Rate of completion of planned activities
 The financial means
 The staff involved
 Stock and condition of tools and equipment used for maintenance
 Stock and condition of spare parts and products
 The relevance of the procedures applied
 Adherence to the annual planning schedule
 The remaining activities and works are to be transferred to the next schedule.

8) Evaluation of maintenance
On an annual basis and based on the results and lessons learned from the aforementioned
evaluation, the Commune makes necessary improvements in maintenance and maintenance
procedures. These include corrections to inadequate procedures and a professionalization
aimed at making maintenance more efficient and facilitating the implementation of actions.
This includes, for example, the pace and quantity of replenishments of spare parts stock, the
length of time reserved for task managers, periods during which maintenance work is carried
out, etc. but also how the annual evaluation is carried out.

iv. Maintenance Plan about Foundation:

The foundations give the building a stable base, allowing to distribute its weight equitably in
the ground and anchor the construction well against lateral forces like strong winds. Without
proper foundations, a building is likely to undergo many movements and the effect of soil
compaction or frost heave. These movements often lead to cracks in the walls and window
tiles, lifting floors and blocking doors
Heritage buildings have various types of foundations, e.g. large stones at the ends of a log
structure or full-height basements under a multi-storey building. Often, the more the
foundations are searched for, the more stable they are, but if there is a problem, the more
important the repairs are. Foundations should be inspected at least once a year and especially
after a major storm or during construction or excavation near the building.
For many old buildings, the settlement has been completed for a long time. However, some
transformations around a building can still cause movement in the ground. The changes are
often very gradual and not noticeable in the short term. It is generally necessary to monitor
construction movements for an extended period of time. Here are some examples of situations
that may cause foundations to collapse again:
 A change in the amount of groundwater and surface water around the foundations;
 New construction or excavation near the building;

10
 Rafaa Othmani & Rami Regaig

 A significant increase in the weight a floor must bear, which often happens when the
building changes function;
 The installation of a C.V.C. system (heating, ventilation, air conditioning) that adds to
the weight of the floors; a new C.V.C. system sometimes requires openings in existing
walls and floors, what may affect the bearing capacity of the structure and the stability
of the foundations;
 The installation of an air conditioning and humidification system may result in an
increase or decrease in the moisture normally present in the foundation or structural
materials and cause the foundation to collapse;
 In clay soil, tree roots absorb moisture, resulting in holes in the soil, while foundations
need intact soil to counter lateral forces.
Current indices of foundation movement:
 Inside
- Doors and windows misaligned
- Cracks in plaster or drywall
- Doors and windows that force
- Inclination or cracks in the floor
 Outside
- Cracks in the brick
- Gaps around doors and windows
- Cracks in the foundations
- Detachable roof edge.
Work to stabilize foundations:
After a study of the floors and your house foundations, the professional in charge of the
project noticed a collapse of your foundations. They will have to be stabilized. To straighten
the foundations of a house,
Renovation of house foundations with expansive resin injection:
The professional will inject a high expansion pressure resin into your foundations. For this, he
will have to, with the expertise of the geotechnical engineer, make drillings of 12 to 23 mm
diameter, up to a certain depth. Tubes will then be positioned in these holes, then expansive
resin will be injected into the ground. Quick and clean intervention, often used for clay soil.
This type of repair allows localized intervention when not all foundations are to be repaired.
Renovation of house foundations by micro pub technique:
The professional will relieve the foundations by postponing the loads on the deeper ground.
To carry out this work, the professional will drill several holes in the foundations to insert
reinforcements and then pour concrete into the holes. The professional then comes to
solidarize the old and new foundations with a fixation on the head of the micropub. This
method can be used for all forms of foundation settling. Only imperative, to treat all
foundations.
Renovation of house foundations by the implementation of wells and longfins:

11
 Rafaa Othmani & Rami Regaig

The professionals realize concrete massifs anchored in the ground. They will be connected by
longfins or beams that will pass under the foundations. They will support the house. This a
technique that cannot always be used because it requires digging under foundation walls. This
method is not suitable for buildings that are too fragile or old.
The deepening of house foundations under renovation
This is the most commonly used method, called traditional in the building. It involves pouring
concrete under the foundations to be stabilized to the depth allowing to find a soil insensitive
to variations. Work that is done in stages, the professional does not dig under all the
foundations at the same time.
The price of repairing a crack
The cost of repairing a crack will depend on several factors:
- The type of crack: passive or active;
- The size of the crack on the construction: the larger the crack, the greater the cost of
repairs;
- The location of the crack on the house: some cracks are more or less accessible. When
they start at the bottom of the foundation, the work undertaken to repair it will require
more resources and will therefore have a higher price.

12