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TEMA 1

sharp astuto/agudo
labels etiqueta/rótulo
compliments cumplidos
to run (a company) administrar/gestionar una empresa
to go by the wayside pasar a un segundo plano, desviarse
rewards recompensas
earn ganar dinero
cottage artesanal/cabaña
playwright dramaturgo
draughty (place) sitio con mucha corriente de aire
to outgrow superar/ demasiado viejo para…
staff personal
impronptu improvisado
fringe franja/margen/borde
stand-up comedy comedia en vivo
conductor director
to hold (sostener) celebrar
aftermath secuelas, repercusiones
stepping stone escalón/peldaño
newcomer recién llegado, novato
revue revista, show
duly debidamente
venue lugar que alberga cualquier evento
disused en desuso
leaky agujereado
to be out of touch with perder el contacto, alejarse de
to turn up aparecer
framework estructura, marco, esqueleto
briefly brevemente
topic tema, asunto
aim objetivo, propósito/apuntar
statement declaración
overall total
otrageous indignante, escandaloso, atroz
shallow (adj) superficial, poco profundo
graceful elegante, grácil
moving emocionante
utterly absolutamente
watchable (adj) que se deja ver
unmistakable inconfundible, inequívoco
brainiacs cerebritos
to display mostrar, exhibir
to dump arrojar/deshacerse (get rid of)
wounded herido
to embark embarcar, embarcarse
vengeful(ly) vengativa(mente)
startup puesta en marcha
ephemeral efímero
to highlight destacar
to cease cesar
to halt detener
mat felpudo
TEMA 2 TEMA
to be set for establecer double-decker
primarily ante todo to hurtle down
to fuel avivar, estimular to lift off
ores minerales blithely
timber madera helm
rainforest selva
the business end
to lag far behind quedarse muy atrás
to reinforce reforzar stretched
to pose posar/plantear to take up
internships prácticas preprofesionales running costs
to address dirigir fares
to be pulled out of poverty ser sacado de la pobreza to be on to a winner
to foster fomentar, promover to stake
throughout (prep) durante toda, en toda, a lo largo de staggering
"He remained in Paris throughout the war" to break even
throughout (adv) por todas partes, todo el tiempo flop
"It was a wonderful game and Johnson played brilliantly throughout" lengthened
swamp pantano/inundar/abrumar to assert
tide marea to handle
labour mano de obra addressee
shortage escasez addresser
whilst mientras que complaint
influx afluencia shortfall
worship adorar/adoración to make up
mosque mezquita to enclose
workforce personal to ensure
building site solar to meet conditions
barred prohibido outstanding
granted concedido fees
to be granted asylum recibir asilo to look forward to (+ing)
more room to roam más espacio para moverse to whom it may concern
to overlook pasar por alto on behalf of
from X to Y desde X hasta Y yours sincerely/faithfully
to run into sb encontrarse con alguien por casualidad purchase
to be over/under the age of ser mayor/menor de X años entrepreneur
to hinder impedir, entorpecer, dificultar retailing
mouldy mohoso swashbuckler
overused abusado, utilizado en exceso flair
warehouse almacén stunt
catch-all term término general eye-catching
widespread extendido founder
to braise estofar by the bucketful
to stew guisar to lease
stale (adj) duro to be listed on a stock exchange
musty (adj) rancia to wheeze
flagship buque insignia publicly
trademark marca comercial listed company
veined venosa to step down
aside aparte chairman
slanted inclinado (ojos achinados) quite different FROM
handful puñado "This Christmas is quite diff
to house alojar, hospedar to cope with
hut choza, cabaña to be soaking up
peoples pueblos landscape
along (adv) a lo largo de to take in something
dugout canoe cayuco to function
to revere venerar withdrawal
to pervade impregnar, empapar expanse
on a large scale a gran escala to look out for
staple (adj) corriente, principal fossil fuels
staple food alimento básico dimming
to regard considerar, observar to counter
to placate aplacar luggage
seemingly aparentemente departure lounge
to blend mezclar, combinar to astray
to inhabit habitar, poblar unreasonably
littoral litoral all-time low
traders comerciantes to offset
to live off rents vivir de las rentas
of choice seleccionado, el elegido para ser usado
rung peldaño
pinnacle pináculo, cumbre
hierarchy jerarquía
chieftain caudillo, cacique
commoner plebeyo
to oversee supervisar
hawk halcón
glazed de vidrio, vidriado
bead collar, rosario
TEMA 3 TEMA 4
de dos pisos to carry out
precipitarse, lanzarse drive (noun)
despegar be bridged
alegremente on the right track
timón to sit for some/one's exam
parte de herramienta o arma que hace el trabajo o fairly
causa el daño alongside
estirado jargon
ocupar put/set pen to paper
costes de operación quite
tarifas to turn sb away from
estar seguro de que algo que tienes será popular sieve
apostar to whisk
asombroso, tambaleante meringues
cubrir los gastos to tenderise
fracaso scrambled eggs
alargado indisputable
afirmar, asegurar (to be) to your liking
encargarse de to attain
destinatario once and for all
emisor mattresses
queja cooking ware
déficit stuttering
compensar attendance
adjuntar buffs
asegurar to deliver on
cumplir con las condiciones wrenching
pendiente funding
tarifas, cuotas penalties
ansiar, esperar con ganas to prompt
a quien le interese prompt (adj)
a nombre de cutting-edge
atentamente red tape
compra, adquisición prime
empresario prone
venta al por menor reimbursement
bravucón/espadachín to run out
don/instinto/aptitud to be at stake
truco to fulfill
llamativo to point out
fundadora brainpower
a montones infeasible/unfeasible
arrendar (ceder en alquiler) cluttered
cotizar en bolsa to the extent that
jadear likelihood
en público vague
empresa que cotiza en bolsa to riddle
bajarse/renunciar, dimitir trustworthy
presidente excerpts
bastante diferente de to augment
is Christmas is quite different from last year". to capture
hacer frente to cater
empapándote, absorbiendo del ambiente diaper
paisaje headsets
asimilar algo lenses
funcionar clergy
retirada in relation TO
extensión to prod
estar atento siblings
combustibles fósiles to touch wood
oscurecimiento/atenuamiento it's not rocket science
contrarrestar to go Dutch
equipaje to feel under the weather
sala de espera
hey, you alright?
extraviar
excesivamente to bail on someone
mínimo histórico to cut out
compensar to throw a party
to drop a line
to hold back
crunch time
it's my treat
help yourself
once in a while
every now and then
from time to time
stingy
better safe than sorry
better late than never
to kill two birds with one stone
naive
peril/perilous
sink
faucet [fos(ee)t]
toothbrush
toothpaste
cotton bud
constipated
cold
terrific
incidentally/by the way
to be headed to
there is no point in + -ing
coincidence
sth + to go numb
sth + to be numb
upside down
inside out
the other way around
everyday
every day
to be on top on sth
TEMA 4
llevar a cabo
impulso
cubrir distancia, superar, salvar
en el buen camino
hacer un examen
bastante
junto a
jerga
empezar a escribir
bastante
hacer que alguien rechace o abandone algo
tamiz
batir
merengues
ablandar
huevos revueltos
indiscutible
(ser) de tu agrado/gusto
alcanzar, lograr
de una vez por todas
colchones
utensilios de cocina
tartamudeo
asistencia
aficionados
cumplir con
desgarrador
financiación
sanciones
estimular, hacer que algo pase
rápido, sin retraso
innovadora
formalidades burocráticas, papeleo
principal
propenso
reembolso
quedarse sin, acabar
estar en juego, en peligro
cumplir
señalar, indicar, hacer notar
capacidad intelectual
inviable
desordenado
hasta el punto que
probabilidad
impreciso, ambiguo
acertar/cribar
digno de confianza
extractos
aumentar tamaño o valor adicionando algo más
captar
abastecer, proveer
pañal
auriculares
lentes
clero
en relación con
pinchar/empujar
hermanos (hombres y mujeres)
tocar madera
no es nada difícil
cada uno paga lo suyo
sentirse un poco mal/cansado (no grave)
manera informal de saludar, no se debe contestar literalmente a
cómo estás, es un saludo
dejar plantado a alguien
cortarse la (video)llamada
hacer una fiesta
escribir
atrasarse, no hacer algo por miedo o por no empeorar
tiempo de alta presión para hacer algo
yo invito
sírvete tú mismo

de vez en cuando

tacaño
mejor prevenir que curar
más vale tarde que nunca
matar dos pájaros de un tiro
ingenuo
peligro/peligroso
fregadero
grifo
cepillo de dientes
pasta de dientes
bastoncillo
estreñido
constipado, resfriado
estupendo, genial, fantástico, excelente
por cierto
ir a (similar a be going to)
no sirve de nada hacer algo
casualidad
dormirse una extremidad
estar dormida (una extremidad)
al revés de forma vertical
al revés, la parte de dentro hacia afuera
al revés
de todos los días (adjetivo)
todos los días
estar al tanto de algo
Todo texto debe ser de
entre 140 y 190 palabras

TIPO DEFINICIÓN

Texto escrito para resumir y


evaluar (reseñar) algún libro, una
REVIEW película, un programa de TV, una
canción o album, etc.

Texto en el que se debe motivar al


destinatario a resolver un
REPORT problema sin molestarle. Intentar
evitar preguntas directas. Hay que
dar el máximo de detalles.

Texto en el que se expone


información sobre cualquier
ARTICLE tema en general. Se recomienda
planear la idea y pensar un
título.
ESTRUCTURA
INTRODUCCIÓN RESUMEN

Introducir algunas opiniones, un número


Frases introductorias para anunciar título y autor, explicando también limitado de ejemplos o, incluso, breve
el tema principal. Presenta el objetivo y resume las ideas. Finalizar propósito del autor al escribir o hacer dicha
con una declaración subjetiva. obra. Se puede incluir cómo se encuentra el
texto organizado.

ANTECEDENTES PROBLEMA SOLUCIÓN

Could I please ask you to look these


Describe y expresa la causa del
Se describe la situación, cómo problema y el efecto que tiene (Even matters…?, I am writing to ask you to
se llega a dicho punto y cómo after having done/spent…, I am
please make up the shortfall
están las cosas en el
therefore sending this for correction…, immediately and to ensure that such
momento. we are therefore unable to… errors do not happen again..., I enclose
a copy with the errors highlighted...

TITULAR (HEADLINE) INTRODUCCIÓN CUERPO (BODY)

Introducir las ideas que se


desarrollarán posteriormente. Se Párrafos separados para exponer las
Debe ser lo más atrayente
puede hacer mención a tu ideas y puntos mencionados en la
posible.
experiencia o tus descubrimientos introducción.
en dicho tema.
CRÍTICAS E IDEAS CONCLUSIÓN
Discusión balanceada y evaluación de
los puntos fuertes y débiles de la obra.
Si en general es una opinión positiva, Reafirmar la opinión,
poner al principio lo negativo y posibles recomendaciones,
viceversa. También se puede tratar cualquier aclaración.
cada idea desde ambos puntos de
vista.

ADVERTENCIA (OPCIONAL) CONCLUSIÓN

I look forward to hearing


Otherwise, we may have to look
from you shortly; I look
elsewhere for our supplies…; I'm forward to receiving your
afraid that if these conditions are
explanation of these
not met, we may be forced to take
legal action… matter; I look forward to
receiving your payment.

CONCLUSIÓN BIBLIOGRAFÍA

Importantes para algo


más serio que un examen
Ideas finales conclusivas del texto. de inglés, si es de
carácter más laboral,
para evitar plagios.

To add details or extra information


Also
And
Apart from
As well as
Besides
Furthermore
In addition
In addition to
Moreover
Not only, but also
Too
LINKERS
o add details or extra information To express contrast To give reasons To summarise
Also Although As In brief
And But As far as… is concerned… In conclusion
Apart from Despite Because In a nutshell
As well as Despite the fact that Because of In short
Besides Even though Due to In summary
Furthermore However Due to the fact that To summarise
In addition In practice Owing to To sum up
In addition to In spite of Owing to the fact that To conclude
Moreover In spite of the fact that Since
Not only, but also In theory To organise your ideas
Too Nevertheless Firstly, secondly, finally
Nonetheless Lastly
Unlike The following idea I would like to…
Whereas The first point is…
While The former, … the latter…
To summarise
In brief
In conclusion
In a nutshell
In short
In summary
To summarise
To sum up
To conclude
Verbos con "to" detrás
Agree Acceder Learn Aprender To be about to
Arrange Organizar Manage Arreglárselas Can afford to
Ask Pedir Offer Ofrecer To make an effort to
Choose Elegir Plan Planear To do one's best to
Claim Reclamar Pretend Disimular Would like to
Dare Atreverse Promise Prometer too "adjective" to
Decide Decidir Refuse Negarse a "adjective" enough to
Fail Fracasar Seem Parecer
Help Ayudar Threaten Amenazar
Hope Esperar Want Querer
Afford Permitirse
Can't stand
Can't help
Verbos con "-ing" detrás It's no use/no good
Admit Admitir Finish Terminar It's (not) worth
Avoid Evitar Give up Rendirse Look forward to
Consider Considerar Imagine Imaginar Feel like
Deny Negar Involve Implicar
Detest Odiar Mind Importar
Dislike Disgustar Prevent Prevenir
Enjoy Disfrutar Suggest Sugerir
BARE INFINITIVE (sin "to")
Estar a punto de All modal verbs
Poder permitirse Need (aux) Tener
Hacer un esfuerzo por Feel Sentir
Hacer lo posible para Hear Oír
Querría See Ver
Demasiado X para Watch Mirar
X suficiente para Let Permitir
Make Hacer
Would rather Preferiría
Had better Más te vale

No soportar
No poder evitar
No sirve de nada
(No) vale la pena
Esperar (un suceso)
Tener ganas
BASIC ENGLISH ADVANCED ENGLISH
To have free time To have time on my hands
To continue To carry on
To die To pass away
To respect To look up to
I'm very happy I'm on cloud 9
I think As far as I'm concerned
Start a business Set up a business
I'm sad I feel a little bit down
For example For instance
Advantages and disadvantages Pros and cons
Offended
Bitter
Angry
Irritated
Cross
Challenging
Hard Demanding
Difficult
Subpar
Bad
Lousy
No idea
No clue
I don't know
Don't have/Haven't the foggiest/faintest
idea/notion
Very cold Freezing
Very hot Boiling
Very pretty Gorgeous
Very loud Deafening
Very sad Miserable
Very angry Furious
Very tired Exhausted
Very surprised Gobsmacked
Very bad Terrible
Very wet Soaked [soukt]
I'm puzzled [paze(o)ld]
I'm confused
I'm baffled [bæfe(o)ld]
To calm down To pull yourself together
He's crazy He's off his rocker
In the past Back in the day
Do you have…? Do you happen to have…?
As a result of
Because As you can see
Thanks to
I can't complain
I'm fine Not bad
Another day in paradise!
Very long Endless
Very ugly Hideous
Very old Ancient
Very interesting Fascinating
Very hungry Starving
To be at a loss to
To find sth way too difficult to choose
To be in two minds whether/about/if
I can't decide To be torn between sth and sth
To be on the fence about
I can't make up my mind
I'm not sure what to do/about
Ofendido
Amargado
Irritado
Enfadado

Exigente

Difícil
Mediocre
Pésimo

Ni idea/ ni la más remota idea


Informal

Ensordecedor

Atónito

Empapado

Desconcertado, perplejo

estar fuera de sí

¿Tienes por casualidad…? muy formal


PALABRA PRONUNCIACIÓN LITERAL
taught toot.
though dou
thought zoot.
through zru
throughout zruaut
thorough zorou
tough taf

glance glans
glimpse glimps
gander ganda
stare stê..r
glare glê..r
gaze gueiz
scan scæn
peep pip
peek pik

beer biee..r
bear beer
beard biee..rd
bird beerd
TRADUCCIÓN ^ vocal abierta
enseñé ..r un deje pequeño
aunque æ mezcla de a y e
pensé
a través
a lo largo de, completamente
exhaustivo
difícil, resistente

vista, ver muy rápido


vistazo, entrever, ver muy rápido
echar un vistazo (ANTICUADO)
mirar fijamente
mirar con enojo
contemplar (asombro, sorpresa)
analizar
mirar a escondidas
mirar a escondidas

cerveza
oso
barba
pájaro
VERBS MEANING
GET
Get up Levantarse
Get to Ponerse a hacer algo
Get along Llevarse bien con alguien
Get off Bajarse de
Get in Entrar
Get over Recuperarse, superar
Get on with sb Llevarse bien con alguien
Get on with sth Seguir adelante con algo

Give up Rendirse, dejar de hacer algo


Chill out Relajarse
Hit sb up Contactar
Drop in Visitar (Dejarse caer)
Call off Cancelar planes
Take off Despegar
Find out Averiguar

LOOK
Look after Cuidar
Look for Buscar
Look forward to + ing Ansiar, esperar con ganas
Look up to Admirar, respetar
Look out Tener cuidado
Look out for Estar atento
Look over Repasar, examinar, revisar
Look like sb Parecerse a
Look like sth Parece que

GO
Go over Revisar, repasar
Go through Tener que pasar por algo
Go after Seguir, perseguir
Go for sth Elegir
Go for sb Atacar
Go in for sth Disfrutar algo

Bump into sb Encontrarse por casualidad

TAKE
Take after sb Parecerse en personalidad
Take sth apart Separar algo en sus partes
Take sth apart Registrar minuciosamente
Take away (American) Retirar, llevar a otro sitio
Take away (Brittish) Pedir comida para llevar
Take sth back Recuperar
Take sth back Retractarse de algo
Take sth back Devolver a una tienda
Take sb back Retraerse a un tiempo pasado
Take sth down Escribir rá pidamente algo
Take sth/sb down Quitar, derribar
Take sth in Abarcar, absorber, entender
Take sb in Engañ ar a alguien (EN PASIVA)
Take sb in Aceptar, acoger
Take off Despegar (avió n, pá jaro, carrera)
Take sth off Quitarse ropa
Take sb off Imitar a alguien (INFORMAL)
Take sb on Contratar a alguien
Take sth on Hacerse responsable de algo
Take sth over Tomar el control de algo
Take to sth Desarrollar há bito por algo
Take to sb Gustar alguien
Take sth up Interesarse en una actividad
Take sth up Aceptar una idea o sugerencia
MEANING EXAMPLES

Levantarse I have to get up at eight o'clock tomorrow


Ponerse a hacer algo I need to get to work as soon as possible
Llevarse bien con alguien I get along with him
Bajarse de I need to get off the bus at the next stop
Entrar Get in the car right now
Recuperarse, superar I will never get over it
Llevarse bien con alguien I get on with him
Seguir adelante con algo I need you to get on with the report now

Rendirse, dejar de hacer algo I gave up smoking 5 years ago


Relajarse You just need to chill out and eat something
Contactar It was nice to hit him up yesterday
Visitar (Dejarse caer) I'm thinking about dropping in tomorrow
Cancelar planes You should call off that dinner
Despegar Brittish Airways planes usually take off at time
Averiguar I must find out the train times

Cuidar My sister will look after my son today


Buscar What are you looking for?
Ansiar, esperar con ganas I look forward to meeting you
Admirar, respetar He looks up to his father
Tener cuidado Please, look out when you are crossing
Estar atento Look out for Anna while you're there
Repasar, examinar, revisar Matt, you should look over this electric bill
Parecerse a Matt looks like his dog
Parece que It looks like it's going to pour

Revisar, repasar I went over my speech to correct the mistakes


Tener que pasar por algo I'm sorry you had to go through it
Seguir, perseguir Go after your dreams
Elegir I always go for fish when we go to restaurants
Atacar My dog was put to sleep after going for my dad
Disfrutar algo I've never gone in for pop music

Encontrarse por casualidad We bumped into Amy at the hospital

Parecerse en personalidad He really take after his father


Separar algo en sus partes Michael likes taking apart everything
Registrar minuciosamente The police took Monica's apart looking for clues
Retirar, llevar a otro sitio Those pills took away my headache
Pedir comida para llevar I ordered Chinese food to take away
Recuperar They're impatient to take their house back
Retractarse de algo I will take nothing back of what I said
Devolver a una tienda I had to take the black jacket back
Retraerse a un tiempo pasado Those images took me back to my childhood
Escribir rá pidamente algo I need you to take down this number
Quitar, derribar Saint Paul Cathedral was took down in 1845
Abarcar, absorber, entender She took in the scene at a glance
Engañ ar a alguien (EN PASIVA) We weren't taken in by her story
Aceptar, acoger I try to take every stray dog I see in
Despegar (avió n, pá jaro, carrera) Her career was about to take off when she died
Quitarse ropa You should take off those awful gloves
Imitar a alguien (INFORMAL) She took her teacher off and everybody laughed
Contratar a alguien I have been taken on by Carrefour
Hacerse responsable de algo He took too much work on
Tomar el control de algo Nazis took over Germany
Desarrollar há bito por algo He took to hiding secrets
Gustar alguien My teacher has never taken to me
Interesarse en una actividad He took up a new hobby
Aceptar una idea o sugerencia I don't want to take up his invitation

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