Technology

P2 Exam

Instructional Design Model

Instructional Design Model
➢ practice of creating instructional experiences to help
facilitate learning most effectively.
➢ help trainers and educators guide and plan the overall Gagne’s 9 Events of Instruction
process

Characteristics of Instructional Design Models

• learner-centered
• goal-oriented
• focuses on real world performance
• focuses on outcomes that can be measured in a reliable
and valid way.
• Empirical
Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy
➢ Data are the heart of the process
• team effort

• Gagne’s 9 Events of Instruction

By: Robert Mills Gagne
- a systematic process that helps them develop strategies
and create activities for instructional classes.
- helps educators structure their training sessions
- covers all aspects of learning
- focus: covers all aspects of learning ADDIE Model

Gagne’s 9 Events of Instruction

❖ Gain Attention - Start a lesson with a surprising fact, story,

or question.
❖ Inform Learners of Objectives - State what learners will be
able to do after the lesson.
❖ Stimulate Recall - Ask learners to summarize or share
what they already know.
❖ Present Content - Explain new concepts, provide
demonstrations, use visual aids. Merrill’s Principle of Instruction
❖ Provide Guidance - Offer examples, case studies,
illustrations to guide learning.
❖ Elicit Performance - Have learners practice new skills or
apply knowledge through activities.
❖ Give Feedback - Provide corrective tips, praise,
encouragement as learners practice skills.
❖ Assess Performance - Use a quiz, test, project, or other
assessment tools.
❖ Enhance Retention - Summarize key learnings, relate new
ideas to prior knowledge.
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P2 Exam

ADDIE Model OG AND REVISED BLOOM’S TAXONOMY

- the generic process traditionally used by
instructional designers.
- represents a dynamic, flexible guideline for building
effective training and performance support tools.’

Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy

- (2001) Anderson and Krathwol

Original Bloom's Taxonomy

➢ was developed in 1956 by Benjamin Bloom

➢ to provide a classification framework for thinking
skills and learning objectives.
Merrill’s Principle of Instruction ➢ main purpose is to create a hierarchy of cognitive
skills and abilities that can serve as a reference and
By: Marriner David Merrill
guide for developing curricula, instructional strategies,
outcomes and assessments across different education
The 5 core principles or phases are: levels and domains.
• Problem-centered - Learning is promoted when
learners are engaged in solving real-world
problems.
• Activation - Previous experience and knowledge is
activated as a foundation for new knowledge.
• Demonstration - New skills are demonstrated to
the learner through modeling.
• Application - Learners apply their new knowledge
and skills to solve problems.
• Integration - Learners integrate their new
knowledge and skills into their everyday life.
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P2 Exam
4 Technology Enhanced Teaching Lesson Exemplars
• Computer Games
➢ Allow students to make decisions and see instant
results to evaluate their progress.
➢ Allow students to interact with material and learn
without realizing they are learning.
➢ Educational games are great way to reinforce your
lesson and engage your students,
➢ Examples are:
- Classcraft
- Shoppard Sortware
- Fun Brain
- PBS Kids Games
- National Geographic Kids Games
• Videos
➢ a short, entertaining, instructional video is a great way
to get students excited about learning.
➢ Examples:
- Brainpop
- National Geographic Kids
- National Geographic in YouTube.
Research
➢ Internet has expanded the range of available resources
and made research easier than ever before, students no
longer have to trudge on over to the library and find
books on their research topic, then flip through
hundreds of pages to find what they are looking for.
➢ Now, computers enable students to quickly and easily
collect information from a wide range of credible online
resources
Presentations
➢ When it comes to presentations, computers provide a
fun variety of ways for students to share their
knowledge, PowerPoint is definitely a favorite that can
be used with all ages, another one is Prezi, it is another
excellent online presentation resource for students, it
gives them a bit more freedom and creativity in how
they choose to present the information and transition
between "slides
Grades
➢ Rather that recording grades on individual
papers and in a grade book, and then
sending out paper report cards at the end
of each term, teachers can post the grades
in an online portal that's accessible to both
students and parents. This allows everyone
to get an immediate idea of how the student
is doing.
Teacher Websites
➢ Message boards where students and
teachers can have conversations and work
out difficult topics.
➢ Teachers can post material that either goes
with the lesson or more in depth so that the
students who are interested can learn more
about a particular subject.
Video Conferencing
➢ Allow students to practice and improve
their public speaking and presentation
skills.
Podcasts
➢ Students can create audio clips to work out
difficult topics and help educate their peers.
➢ Teachers can create unique podcasts to
share with students on their personal
website.
Wikis and Blogs
➢ Allow students to publish their ideas and
stories as well as share them with friends
and family.
➢ Encourage learning in an interactive way
that feels less like traditional learning and
more like fun.
 Technology
P2 Exam
1. Which of Gagne's Nine Events of Instruction would have
been displayed if we had given a formal assessment?
➢ Present the content
2. Having a discussion about personal knowledge and
experience with practices that poorly impact the
environment before a science unit on
environmentalism is an example of which of Gagne's
Nine Events of Instruction?
➢ Recalling Prior Learning
3. It is becoming increasingly common for school districts
to require their teachers to write the goal of each
lesson on their board. This would be consistent with
which of Gagne's Nine Events of Instruction?
➢ Inform Learners of the Objective
4. What does ADDIE stand for?
➢ Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation,
and Evaluation
5. Which is the highest level in Bloom’s taxonomy?
➢ Creating
6. In Merrill’s Principles of Instruction, which principle
pertains to the learners applying the new knowledge
➢ Application
7. What are the first four levels in Bloom’s Taxonomy
(revised)?
➢ Remembering,
➢ Understanding
➢ Applying
➢ Analyzing
• Digital Learning Resources
- have enhanced the way we learn, and taken
learning from a closed classroom to a more
collaborative and open environment.
- It is used to refer to materials included in the
context of a course that support the learner's
achievement of the described learning goal.
Four Types of Digital Learning Resources
1. Simulations and Models
- are usually equipped with interactive
controls and activities where learners can
vary any parameters in specific models and
see time changes in the outcome.
2. Graphics and Animations
- have a high sharing potential, which enables
the knowledge to reach a wider audience.
3. Quizzes and Games
- can be an innovative way to test the learners'
knowledge and moreover can modify as per
the situation and the target audience
4. E-books and E-notes
- are easily sharable and can be accessed
almost anywhere allowing learners to stay in
touch with a topic, at their convenience.
Common Examples of Digital Learning Resources
1. Edmodo
- an educational tool that connects teachers
and students, and is assimilated into a social
network. In this one, teachers can create
online collaborative groups, administer and
provide educational materials, measure
student performance and communicate with
parents.
2. Projeqt
- is a tool that allows you to create
multimedia presentations, with dynamic
slides in which you can embed interactive
maps, links, online quizzes, and other
options.
3. TED-Ed
- is an educational platform that allows
creating educational lessons with the
collaboration of teachers, students,
animators and generally people who want to
expand knowledge and good ideas.
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P2 Exam
4. eduClipper
➢ this platform allows teachers and students to share and
explore references and educational material.
5. Kahoot
➢ is an educational platform that is based on games and
questions. Through this tool, teachers can create
questionnaires, discussions, or surveys that
complement academic lessons.
6. Google Docs
➢ is a very powerful real-time collaboration and document
authoring tool.
7. SurveyMonkey
➢ is online survey software that helps you to create and
run professional onlinesurveys. It is very powerful and a
well-known online application.
Conventional Learning/ C-Learning
➢ refers to conventional teaching and learning within a
brick-and-mortar classroom facility. It also refers to
traditional way of teaching wherein most of the lecture
method is used. The emphasis here is mainly in
remembering and reproducing facts, principles and
theories of learning.
Distance learning or distance education, e-learning and
online learning
- form of education in which the main elements include
physical separation of teachers and students during
instruction and the use of various technologies to
facilitate student-teacher and student- student
communication.
Four Characteristics of Distance Learning
• Distance learning
- is by definition carried out through institutions, it
is not self-study or non-academic learning
environment.
• Geographic separation
- is inherent in distance learning, and time may
also separate students and teachers
Accessibility and convenience are important
advantages of this mode of education.
• Interactive telecommunications
connect
- individuals within a learning group and
with the teacher.
• Distance education
- like any education, establishes a
learning group, sometimes called a
learning community, which is
composed of students, a teacher, and
instructional resources.
Synchronous Distance
- Learning occurs when the teacher and
students Interact in different places but
during the same time.
- 0nline learning
- Students enrolled in synchronous
courses are generally required to log
on to their computer during a set time
at least once a week.
- Examples include, instant messaging,
video conferencing, Webcams, MUDS,
MOOs, and chat.
Asynchronous Distance Learning
- occurs when the teacher and the
students interact in different places
and during different times.
- It is often relies on technology such as
email, e-courses, online forums, audio
recordings and video recordings. Snail
mall is another medium for
asynchronous learning.
- Examples include, email, texting,
newsgroups, blogs and social media
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P2 Exam

Use and Application of Google Form