Transmission

Control
Protocol
(TCP)

1
2
Sending and receiving buffers

Stream of bytes

3
TCP segments

Segment N Segment 1
H H

Numbering:
Byte Number
Sequence Number
Data + Ctrl, Data, Ctrl (response) - Valid Sequence number
Acknowledge Number

4
TCP segment format

5
Control field
TCP Connections
✓ Connection Establishment
✓ Data Transfer
✓ Connection Termination
✓ Connection Reset

7
Connection establishment using three-way handshake

seq: 8000

UAPRS F
SYN
seq: 15000
ack: 8001
nd: 5000
U A P R S F rw
SYN + ACK
seq: 8000
ack: 15001
UAPRS F
rwnd: 10000
ACK
Means “no data” !
seq: 8001 if piggybacking
8
 Data Transfer

Pushing data
Urgent data

Connection Termination

9
Connection termination using three-way handshake

10
Half-Close

11
STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM

12
Simultaneous open

13
Simultaneous close

ex

14
 WINDOWS IN TCP
Send window in TCP

15
Receive window in TCP

16
 FLOW CONTROL
An example of flow control

17
 ERROR CONTROL
Normal operation

18
Lost segment

19
Fast retransmission

20
Lost acknowledgment

21
Lost acknowledgment corrected by resending a segment

22
CONGESTION CONTROL
Slow start, exponential increase

23
Congestion avoidance, additive increase

24
TCP Taho
TCP Taho - Example
TCP Reno
TCP Reno - Example