2.

1 Passive
Name No. _______ Class: _________ Date ___________

1. Choose the correct verb forms.

a. 40 million photos upload / are uploaded every day on Twitter by 100 million active users.
b. The reality series will take / will be taken viewers inside the lives of celebrities 24/7.
c. The latest headlines can read / can be read on Twitter.
d. I have raised / have been raised some money for charity, using social media platforms.
e. The use of online social networks in education has supported / has been supported by several
educational technology researchers.
f. The professional social network named LinkedIn launched / was launched in 2003.
g. Live streaming may expose / may be exposed children to age inappropriate content.

2. Fill in the gaps with the correct passive form.

a. At this very moment, millions of accounts ___________________ (hack) by scammers worldwide.
b. TikTok ___________________ (use) by young adults under 24 years old.
c. Instagram ___________________ (buy) by Facebook for $ 1 billion in 2012.
d. Lately, potential customers ___________________ (target) through strong social media platforms.
e. Some say that, in the future, traditional classrooms ________________ (replace) by virtual
learning.
f. In the past, my photos on Instagram _________________ (see) by everyone as my account wasn’t
private.

3. Rewrite the following sentences in the passive. Leave the agent out when it is not
needed.
a. By 2022, short and long-form video content will dominate social media.
______________________________________________________________________________
b. We have challenged TikTok users to post dance choreographies.
______________________________________________________________________________
c. Only 51% of teens use Facebook today.
______________________________________________________________________________
d. 60% of marketing and sales departments are using social media to raise awareness of brands.
______________________________________________________________________________
e. Some teens described YouTube as a search engine, but also as a tool for entertainment.
______________________________________________________________________________
f. Nowadays, you can access information at the click of a button.
______________________________________________________________________________
g. The company was planning out a social marketing strategy in today’s 9 a.m. meeting.
______________________________________________________________________________

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 2.1 Passive with double object verbs
Name No. _______ Class: _________ Date ___________

1. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.
Write between three and five words, including the word given.
a. They will give Jim a new iPhone for his birthday. (be)
Jim _______________________________ a new iPhone for his birthday.
b. Charles has written a friendly thank-you note to me. (I)
_______________________________ a friendly thank-you note by Charles.
c. The TV host tells the contenders the regulations at the beginning of the contest. (told)
At the beginning of the contest, _______________________________ the regulations by the TV host.
d. They may send us a TikTok dance challenge tonight. (be)
We _______________________________ a TikTok dance challenge tonight.
e. Kylie Jenner is surprising a fan at a talk show this evening. (by)
A fan _______________________________ Kylie Jenner at a talk show this evening.
f. Sophia asked her teen sons how the Discord platform worked. (asked)
Sophia’s _______________________________ how the Discord platform worked.

2. Rewrite the following sentences in the passive in the two possible ways. Leave the
agent out when it is not needed.
a. Yesterday, Logan showed Olivia the benefits of mobile apps in our daily lives.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
b. Cooper is sending us a DM on Instagram right now.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
c. They may offer the staff some online Excel (R) training.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
d. Someone has promised Carol an autographed poster of Ariana Grande..
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
e. Noah will buy Jack a sci-fi book for Kindle.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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 2.2 Connectors of cause and result
Name No. _______ Class: _________ Date ___________

1. Choose the correct option.

a. Our firm was hacked; consequently / as a result of, sensitive data was stolen.
b. I use antivirus software so / because it detects automated malicious software.
c. Crime rates decreased as / owing to the installation of surveillance cameras.
d. As / Due to the mayor believes surveillance cameras are an invasion of privacy, none have been
installed in this city.
e. Our company’s reputation was seriously damaged since / because of a cyberattack.

2. Complete the sentences below with a suitable connector from the box.
because as a consequence of as because of therefore

a. I forgot my password; ____________________ now I can’t unlock my phone.

b. We installed a phone tracking device ____________________ our teen’s dubious friendships.
c. ____________________ the high crime rates in certain cities, the use of CCTV surveillance has
become a popular crime prevention measure.
d. ____________________ I wanted to keep a watchful eye on my child, someone suggested installing a
phone tracking app.
e. I don’t want CCTV to be installed ____________________ it gives people a false sense of security.

3. Rewrite these sentences using the connector given in brackets. Make any necessary
changes.
a. We decided to hire a cybersecurity professional. Our company was hacked. (so)
______________________________________________________________________________
b. My reputation was badly tarnished. Some defamatory comments were published on social
media. (as a result of)
______________________________________________________________________________
c. Record companies sued an online music website. The website infringed copyright laws.
(because)
______________________________________________________________________________
d. Bitcoin allows ransom demands to be paid anonymously. Some say Bitcoin helps to fuel
ransomware attacks. (since)
______________________________________________________________________________
e. I have a spam filter. Very few phishing scams get through to my inbox. (that’s why)
______________________________________________________________________________

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 2.2 Prepositional verbs
Name No. _______ Class: _________ Date ___________

1. Complete the sentences with a correct preposition.

a. Do you worry ____________________ privacy issues online?
b. People should be arrested ____________________ spreading potentially dangerous rumours.
c. Frank is going to specialise ____________________ cybersecurity.
d. I would like to know more ____________________ how to check facts online.
e. I’m not sure if I agree ____________________ the installation of CCTV on the streets.

2. Complete the sentences below with a verb in the correct form and the preposition
given.
2.1 In
a. Mark Zuckerberg is going to ____________________ the cybersecurity debate tonight.
b. The police have ____________________ identifying the robbers using CCTV footage.

2.2 With
a. I wouldn’t know how to ____________________ a hacker attack.
b. Why do you still __________________ fake news __________________ all your family and
friends?

2.3 On
a. Believing in fake news or not ____________________ our ability to analyse its origin.
b. My parents won’t leave me alone! They ____________________ checking my security settings
all the time!

2.4 About
a. I was so tired that I ____________________ the files I had to send!
b. After the cyberattack he had to ____________________ legal procedures to recover the data.

3. Match the sentence halves in columns A and B using a preposition.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
a. I think you should apologise 1. so many coincidences.
on
b. Many people nowadays complain 2. your thoughtless behaviour online.
in
c. She doesn’t believe 3. his source about the authenticity of
for
d. We should concentrate efforts the facts.
with
e. The journalist who published the 4. feeling deceived by online news.
about
news was arguing 5. educating children about fake news.

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 2.3 If-clauses – Types 1 and 2
Name No. _______ Class: _________ Date ___________

1. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the correct tense to form if-clauses type 1.
a. We _____________ (buy) this smartphone if the price _____________ (become) more affordable.
b. If Jane ___________ (need) some tech information, the website Mashable ____________ (be)
useful.
c. I _____________ (text) you if I _____________ (hear) the news.
d. If educators _____________ (use) AR in their lessons, they _____________ (improve) learning.
e. A chatbot ___________ (not have) the ability to improvise if the conversation ___________ (not
follow) a certain path.

2. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the correct tense to form if-clauses type 2.
Choose the verbs from the box.

ask not communicate unplug have run interview

prosper program be not exist

a. If I __________________ an AI robot, I __________________ it to do all the housework.

b. People __________________ so efficiently if the internet __________________.
c. If I __________________ you, I __________________ from work-related technology after work hours.
d. If Ann _________________ Elon Musk, she _________________ for his opinion about artificial
intelligence.
e. Your business __________________ more rapidly if you __________________ AR advertising campaigns.

3. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use
between three and five words, including the word given.
a. My advice to you is to develop a new chatbot for customer service. (would)
If _______________________________ develop a new chatbot for customer service.
b. You place your finger over the scanner to unlock your iPhone. (will)
If you place your finger over the scanner, your _______________________________.
c. Museums should use augmented reality to attract wider audiences. (if)
Museums would attract wider audiences _______________________________ augmented reality.
d. The company doesn’t improve productivity because the staff isn’t tech savvy. (staff)
If _______________________________, the company would improve productivity.
e. You can borrow my laptop as long as you promise to look after it. (promise)
I’ll lend you my laptop _______________________________ after it.
f. John has a GPS app on his smartphone, so he never gets lost. (have)
If John _______________________________ app on his smartphone, he would get lost sometimes.

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 2.4 If-clauses – Types 3
Name No. _______ Class: _________ Date ___________

1. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the correct tense to form if-clauses type 3.
a. If he __________________ (have) the money at the time, he __________________ (buy) a
smartwatch.
b. I __________________ (not arrive) at the tech summit on time if you __________________ (not give)
me a lift.
c. If you __________________ (help) me with the ICT project, I __________________ (already / finish).
d. If I __________________ (not do) a degree in computer science, I __________________ (not get) the
job as an AI software engineer.
e. Julie __________________ (believe) him if she __________________ (not see) that revealing email.

2. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.
a. I didn’t know about the advantages of IoT. I didn’t read the article.
If I had ________________________________________________________________________
b. We visited a celebrity’s smart home. Our friend invited us.
We wouldn’t ___________________________________________________________________
c. I took your iPad by mistake. I thought it was mine, not yours.
If I hadn’t ______________________________________________________________________
d. James didn’t see Elon Musk at the conference. He wanted to talk to him about the Space X
project.
If James _______________________________________________________________________
e. The reporter wasn’t well prepared. He didn’t ask controversial questions about ethics and AI.
The reporter would have _________________________________________________________

3. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use
between four and five words, including the word given.
a. My order might arrive today. You have to sign for it. (will)
If my order __________________________ have to sign for it.
b. I don’t think you should buy a 360 modular camera. It’s too expensive. (I)
If __________________________ buy a 360 modular camera because it’s too expensive.
c. Sam didn’t concentrate, so he made a lot of mistakes in his essay about technology. (would)
If Sam ___________________________ made fewer mistakes in his essay about technology.
d. Give me some information about the latest tech trends and I’ll agree to write the article. (if)
I’ll agree to write the article __________________________ information about the latest tech
trends.
e. I lost her email address. I didn’t send her an invitation to the conference. (sent)
I __________________________ an invitation to the conference if I hadn’t lost her email address.

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 2.4 Reported speech (statements, orders, requests or advice)
Name No. _______ Class: _________ Date ___________

1. Rewrite Bill Gate’s sentences in reported speech, starting with “He said that…”
a. I met my future wife while I was studying law.
______________________________________________________________________________
b. The computer was born to solve problems that did not exist before.
______________________________________________________________________________
c. We’ll always ask for feedback about our company’s work.
______________________________________________________________________________
d. I’m stepping down as Microsoft’s chairman this year.
______________________________________________________________________________
e. I dropped out of college in 1975 to pursue my business, Microsoft.
______________________________________________________________________________

2. Report the following advice according to the situation. Start with “My friend told
me…”
Get a new anti-virus! Don’t believe everything you find online! Buy yourself a new one!

a. The touchscreen on my phone isn’t working properly! I can’t even swipe up!
______________________________________________________________________________
b. There’s this new robot for sale online that can even do your homework for you!
______________________________________________________________________________
c. Someone has broken into my Instagram page and hacked it!
______________________________________________________________________________

3. Write the following statements in direct speech.

a. Elon Musk told us to take risks and to do something bold. We wouldn’t regret it.
b. Mark Zuckerberg said people didn’t care about what we said; they cared about what we built.
c. Steve Jobs said that the computer was the most remarkable tool that we had ever come up
with.

b. _________________
___________________
___________________

c. __________________
a. _________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
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 2.4 Reported speech (questions)
Name No. _______ Class: _________ Date ___________

1. Match the following questions with the answers and rewrite them in reported speech.

“Why didn’t you whatsapp me last night?” “When did you buy this robot cleaner?”
“Will you instal intelligent devices in our new house?”
“How many cameras does this smartphone have?”

a. Sammy asked Samuel ____________________________________________, and he answered: “I bought

it online last month.”
b. I asked my parents ___________________________________________, and they said: “We don’t think
so… they’re quite expensive.”
c. My boyfriend wanted to know ____________________________________________, and I said: “Because
my battery was dead.”
d. My brother asked the shop assistant __________________________________________, and she
informed him: “This particular model has three.”

2. Read the following text and then rewrite it in dialogue form.

Patrick met Monique Stratford, a former classmate, in the street last week. He asked her how
she was and she said she was fine and she was working for Google. He asked her if she worked
in the Mountain View headquarters and she answered that she worked for Google in Zurich
and that she had moved to Switzerland two years before. He wanted to know if she enjoyed
working there and she said she loved it and if she could, she would never change jobs again.
She then asked him what he did for a living and he stated that he was a computer technician.
She wanted to know where he worked and he said he was working as a freelancer for the time
being. She said she had to go and then told him to call her the following week because she
would still be in town and he said he would and they said goodbye.

Patrick a. __________________________________________
Monique b. __________________________________________
Patrick c. __________________________________________
Monique d. __________________________________________
Patrick e. __________________________________________
Monique f. __________________________________________
Patrick g. __________________________________________
Monique h. __________________________________________
Patrick i. __________________________________________
Monique j. __________________________________________
Patrick k. __________________________________________
Monique and Patrick l. _______________________________

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 2. Overall grammar
Name No. _______ Class: _________ Date ___________

1. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.
Include the word given.
a. As everyone can be victims of cybercrime, authorities have been posting advice on how to
protect ourselves. (therefore)
Everyone ______________________________________________________________________
b. Brian lost all his files because he didn’t save them in the cloud. (wouldn't)
If Brian ________________________________________________________________________
c. Camilla got so many followers after creating the blog that she decided to become a full-time
blogger. (have)
If Camilla______________________________________________________________________
d. Everyone should be more familiar with possible online threats so they can protect themselves.
(know)
Everyone should ________________________________________________________________
e. How far will technology change the way we do things? (did)
My grandfather wondered ________________________________________________________
f. I didn’t post this awful picture of you! It wasn’t me! (posted)
Robert swore that _______________________________________________________________
g. Is the IoT going to be prevalent in most cities in the next decade? (following)
The journalist wanted to know_____________________________________________________
h. Keep your personal information private so as to be protected from phishing attacks. (my)
He advised me _________________________________________________________________
i. Someone has stolen my laptop from my locker! (been)
My laptop _____________________________________________________________________
j. Stop checking your phone all the time when you’re with me! (his)
Belinda asked her boyfriend _______________________________________________________
k. The last user had left the email account open and someone pried into his messages. (been)
The email account ______________________________________________________________
l. The robbers were caught because there were CCTV cameras installed in the shop. (of)
The robbers were caught _________________________________________________________
m. They will send me a reminder to my email. (sent)
I _____________________________________________________________________________
n. You spend the whole day on social media, that’s why you miss out on so many interesting
things happening around you. (wouldn't)
If you _________________________________________________________________________

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