Week 5 8 LAS UCSP EDITED 2

11
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE
SOCIETY AND POLITICS
Quarter 3 – Week 5-8
Learning Activity Sheets (LAS)
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF DINAGAT ISLANDS

2
Understanding Culture Society and Politics 11

Third Quarter – Learning Activity Sheets
Week 5-8
First Edition, 2020
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Published by Schools Division of Dinagat Islands
Development Team of the Learning Activity Sheets
Writer: Jaycon P. Caspe

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Author: JAYCON P. CASPE

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Email Address: jaycon.caspe@deped.gov.ph
3
The Biological and Cultural Evolution of

Week 5-6 Human Beings
Name: ___________________________________________ Section: _____________________
Objectives:
Analyze the significance of cultural, social, political and economic symbols

and practices.
Pretest
Directions: Read the questions carefully and select the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.
1. Human societies evolved over time, which of the following is the correct order
of cultural evolution of human societies?
A. Horticultural, Hunting and gathering, Neolithic revolution, Industrial
B. Hunting and gathering, Horticultural, Neolithic revolution, Industrial
C. Hunting and gathering, Horticultural, Industrial, Neolithic revolution
D. Horticultural, Neolithic revolution, Industrial, Hunting and gathering
2. Each era has a significant cultural development, which society which humans
begun to domesticate animals?
A. Horticultural and pastoral
B. Agricultural and Neolithic revolution
C. Hunting and gathering
D. Industrial
3. According to Charles Darwin, species that successfully adapted, or evolved, to

meet the changing requirements of their natural habitat thrived, while those
that failed to evolved and reproduce died off. What does he mean?
A. Natural Selection
B. Theory of Evolution
C. The Origin
D. Natural mutation
4. The following early humans that is existed 500,000 – 200,000 years ago and is
believed to evolve into modern humans.
A. Australopithecus C. Homo Habilis
B. Homo Erectus D. Homo Sapiens
5. Which of the following does NOT occur in Horticultural and Pastoral Societies?
A. Extreme social inequality
B. Barter system was abandoned
C. People came close to socially equal
D. Money as a standard medium of exchange

4
Key Concepts
Biological Evolution of Early Humans

Another field of science that contributed to the origin of human origin is geology.
Charles Lyell published The principles of Geology in 1830. According to Darwin,
Scientist should look for fossils in Africa. Fossils are the preserved remains or traces
of animals, plants, and other organisms, buried in the earth’s surface. The scientist
who studies the past by excavating remains buried beneath the earth’s surface are
called archeologist. Paleoanthropologist on the other hand combine the discipline of
paleontology and physical anthropology to study the evolution of human beings.
Paleontology is the scientific study of human history.
Darwin’s “The Origin” remains one of the most compelling descriptions of biological
evolution in spite the current development in evolutionary theory. Darwin’s theory of
evolution and natural selection declared that species survived through a process
called “Natural Selection,” where those that successfully adapted, or evolved, to meet
the changing requirements of their natural habitat thrived, while those that failed to
evolved and reproduce died off.
Ember (2002) explains that one of the most controversial aspects of Darwin’s theory
was the suggestion that one species could, over time, evolve into another. A species
is a population that consists of organisms’ able inter-breed and produce fertile and
viable offspring.
Early humans thrived in Africa and Eurasia. Then they dispersed to Americas and
Australia (Lewin and Fowley, 2004). Early humans as described by paleontologists
are as follows.
HOMO HABILIS
Came from Tanzania, Kenya, and South Africa. Known to exist around 2 million years
ago. Developed tools primarily for their use in scavenging. Considered to be the more
intelligent and organized.
HOMO ERECTUS
First found in Java, later in China, and still later in Africa. Meaning “erect ape man”
known to Existed 1.8 million years ago and evolved after Homo habilis. Their skull
was generally long, low, and thickly walled with a flat frontal area and prominent
brow ridges. They had relatively small teeth and the first hominid to have third
molars. They had prominent, projecting nose and are comparable to modern humans’
size.
HOMO SAPIENS
Believed to evolved from homo erectus 500,000 – 200, 000 years ago. They were also
classified as Homo Sapiens Neandertalensis or Homo Neanderthals by some
anthropologist. Argued to be evolved into Humans
Cultural Evolution of Early Human Societies
Gerhard Lenski- An American Sociologist argued that human society undergoes
transformation and evolution and in the process develops technological
advancement. “the more technology a society has, the faster it changes”.
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1. Hunting and gathering Societies - The oldest and most basic way of economic
subsistence. making use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation for
food. They depend on the family to do many things wherein people come close to
being socially equal
2. Horticultural and Pastoral Societies
Large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy
sources. Money is created as a common standard of exchange, and the old barter
system was abandoned. Extreme social inequality, typically more than modern
societies such as our own.
3. Agricultural Societies and the Neolithic Revolution
Human began to farm and domesticate animals. Animal domestication provided
important contributions to the Neolithic people. The development of agriculture also
led to an increase in social inequality.
4. Industrial Societies
The production of goods using advanced sources of energy to drive large machinery.
Water power and then steam boilers to operate mills and factories filled with large
Machines. Change was so rapid that it sparks the birth of sociology itself.
5. Post Industrial Societies
Society which the production of information using computer technology.
Postindustrial society is considered at the heart of globalization. Technology has
improved life and brought the world's people closer but establishing peace, ensuring
justice, and protecting the environment are problems that technology alone cannot
solve.
Activity 1: Early Humans!

Directions: Given inside the box are the attributes of the early humans. You are
required to put it in which corresponds the following attributes.
>Existed 1.8 million years ago. > They are comparable to

modern humans’ size.
> Came from Tanzania, Kenya,
and South Africa. > They are the first hominid to
have third molars.
> Meaning “erect ape man” > Developed tools primarily for
their use in scavenging.
> Known to exist around 2 million years ago > Argued to be evolved
into Humans
> First found in Java, later in China,
and still later in Africa
> Evolved from homo erectus >500,000 – 200, 000 years ago
>Discover fire

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HOMO HABILIS
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
________________________
HOMO ERECTUS
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
________________________
HOMO SAPIENS
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
______________________________

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Activity 2: Sociocultural Evolution

Directions: By carefully analyze the picture, state your description of the following
attributes:
1. Cultural Stage
2. Their CULTURE or way of living
3. PHYSICAL capacity in doing the task
ILLUSTRATION 1
1. _______________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
ILLUSTRATION 2
1. _______________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
ILLUSTRATION 3
1. _______________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Guide Questions:
In two to three sentences, explain how our cultural and sociopolitical ways has
changed over the years?
Answer:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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Activity 3: Significant event in Sociocultural Stages!

Directions: Below are the stages of early Societies. Base on the concepts that you
have read and researches through books and internet describe each societies and
the important event that happen in these stages.
Hunting and
Gathering Societies
Horticultural and
Pastoral Societies
Agricultural Societies
& Neolithic
Revolution
Industrial Societies
Post Industrial
Societies

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Activity 4: Think it over!

Directions: Please do it with comprehension to discover knowledge that will help you
out in learning effectively in this topic.
1. When we try to compare then and now, what are differences in terms of how
people carry out things physically, culturally, and socio-politically?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What are the different stages in the cultural development of human?

__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. How does human grow culturally, socially, and politically in Hunting and
gathering stage? Agricultural stage? And Industrial Stage?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Why do you think people need a transformation or evolution to adapt to

his/her environment?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Do you observe practices that preserve culture in today’s living? Explain by

giving an example.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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Activity 5: Comparing the past!
Directions: List down at least five things that you can’t do 10 years ago, and
the things that you can do at present.
10 years ago, I CANNOT At present, I CAN
Reflective question:
After studying the Sociocultural evolution of early societies, what do you think is the
most important event or discoveries that created a great impact on how the modern
societies operates?
I realized that……………
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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Post test
the correct answer.
1. According to Charles Darwin, species that successfully adapted, or evolved, to
meet the changing requirements of their natural habitat thrived, while those
that failed to evolved and reproduce died off. What does he mean?
A. Natural Selection
B. Theory of Evolution
C. The Origin
D. Natural mutation
2. Human societies evolved over time, which of the following is the correct order
of cultural evolution of human societies?
A. Horticultural, Hunting and gathering, Neolithic revolution, Industrial
B. Hunting and gathering, Horticultural, Neolithic revolution, Industrial
C. Hunting and gathering, Horticultural, Industrial, Neolithic revolution
D. Horticultural, Neolithic revolution, Industrial, Hunting and gathering
3. Which of the following does NOT occur in Horticultural and Pastoral Societies?
A. Extreme social inequality
B. Barter system was abandoned
C. People came close to socially equal
D. Money as a standard medium of exchange
4. Each era has a significant cultural development, which society which humans
begun to domesticate animals?
A. Horticultural and pastoral
B. Agricultural and Neolithic revolution
C. Hunting and gathering
D. Industrial
5. Which of the following early humans that is existed 500,000 – 200,000 years
ago and is believed to evolve into modern humans.
A. Australopithecus C. Homo Habilis
B. Homo Erectus D. Homo Sapiens

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SCORING RUBRIC FOR OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS ACTIVITY 1 TO 5.
CATEGORY 5 4 3
CONTENT Clear topic. Main Main idea is clear Main idea is
idea stands out but the supporting somewhat clear
and is supported idea is general but there is a need
by detailed for supporting
information information
GRAMMAR & Answers have no Answers have Answers have a lot
SPELLING errors in grammar several errors in of errors in
and spelling grammar and grammar and
spelling spelling.
References:
Saloma C. et.al.,(2020). “Understanding culture, society and politics – Reader”, -

Published by Department of Education.
Lanuza G. et.al (2020)., Understanding Culture, Society and Politics, -Published by
Rex Bookstore
Understanding Culture Society and Politics Teachers guide
(Photo taken from slideshare.com/evoulutionofhuman.)
Answers Key
Activity 1
Homo Habilis Homo Erectus Homo Sapiens

 Came from Tanzania,  Existed 1.8 million years ago.  Evolved from homo
Kenya, and South Africa.  Meaning “erect ape man” erectus
 Known to exist around 2  First found in Java, later in  They are comparable to
million years ago China, and still later in Africa modern humans’ size.
 Developed tools primarily  Discover fire  Argued to be evolved
for their use in scavenging.  They are the first hominid to into Humans.
have third molars.  500,000 – 200, 000
years ago
C 5. D 5.
D 4. B 4.
A 3. C 3.
B 2. B 2.
B 1. A 1.
Pre-Test Post-Test

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Week 7 SOCIALIZATION
Name: ___________________________________________ Section: _____________________
Objectives:
Explain the context, content, processes, and consequences of socialization
Pretest
the correct answer.
1. The process of learning one’s society and its culture. It is moreover the same
as interacting, mingling and being with other people or groups within/ outside
of your society.
A. socialization C. education
B. enculturation D. assimilation
2. The agents of socialization have impacted significantly in the development of

one’s personality. What is the first agent of socialization that influences the
development of a person?
A. school C. church
B. family D. friends
3. Socialization process affects the development of an individual on different

aspects. Which among the choices is an effect to an individual who has not
been successfully socialized?
A. physically fit C. good decision making skills
B. mentally stable D. mental illness and abnormal behavior
4. Socialization is an important social activity in the development of a person.

How does socialization affect the development of an individual?
A. Socialization is an effective tool to understand cultural differences.
B. Socialization helps an individual become better than anyone else.
C. Socialization process is necessary to meet the demands of the society.
D. Undergoing constant socialization enables an individual to fully develop in
physical, emotional and mental aspects.
5. Church is one of the different institutions in the society that help in the
foundation and development of a person. Which is an example of
enculturation in Church?
A. wearing K-Pop fashion styles
B. Singing of the national anthem
C. Adaptation of Christian liturgy
D. washing the clothes and the dishes

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Key Concepts
Socialization
Through socialization, one learns the culture’s language, their roles in life, and what
is expected from them. Without socialization, a person will develop different physical
and mental disabilities. It is sad to know that individuals with no successful
socialization develop mental illness, abnormal or odd behavior and self -isolation.
Therefore, socialization simply means the process of learning one’s society and its
culture. It is moreover the same as interacting, mingling and being with other people
or groups within/ outside of your society.
Do you know that there are different groups of people that influence your orientations
and perspectives in life? These groups are called agents of socialization. These are
family, schools, peers, and mass media. These agents play a crucial role in developing
yourself as a person and a member of the society.
Family
Family is considered to be the first agent of socialization. Most of the habits,
manners, beliefs and the way we think are develop in the family. A huge part of your
personality is molded by your family because this is where you spent your childhood.
Your family influences you on the way you behave and act as a person. This is when
socialization process is crucial and intense.
School
In school you were able to interact or with your classmates, teachers, administrators
and others which are outside your family within a society. Surely you have a lot of
experiences in this institution as almost a third of your lifetime was spent in school.
It is in the school where you learn advance knowledge to become a better member of
the society. Do you agree that a huge part of your personality is developed in this
agent? Well, I guess you knew the answer.
Peers
Your circle of friends is also an agent of socialization. It is called peer group. Your
peers share the same interest, social background and social status. They influence
you on the way you can accept yourself. It is with your peer group that you find
yourself belonged. Peers allows people to explore relationships with other adults. Do
you have a friends you always hang out with? Share your experiences with them.
Mass Media
Mass media as agent of socialization plays a crucial role in shaping your personality
as well. Television shows, movies, popular music, magazines, social media influenced
our political views, our taste in popular culture, and many other beliefs and
practices. Who is your favorite star that you look up to? What fashion trends you
tend to follow? Sure these are some influences in mass media.
So, this agent of socialization influences your way of life intensively thus doing large
part in your personal development. There are other socialization agents who are also
important in molding you as a person: the community, the church and the
government.

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ENCULTURATION
We are living in a society of many cultures. As we have learned in the previous
chapter, according to Edward Taylor, Culture is the “complex whole which includes
knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs and any other capabilities and habits
acquired by man as a member of the society”. These cultures make people different
from one another. A group has a set of shared attitudes and practices which are
partially or even totally apart from what others have.
As an individual grows up in a social group, he/she learns to understand his/her
identity. This is where enculturation comes in. Enculturation is the process by which
people learn the dynamics of their surrounding culture and acquire values and
norms appropriate or necessary to that culture of worldviews (Wikipedia.org).
According to Stephen A. Grunland and Marvin K. Mayers (1988) (as cited from
Hoebel, 1982), enculturation is both a conscious and an unconscious conditioning
process whereby man, as child and adult, achieves competence in his culture,
internalizes his culture and becomes thoroughly enculturated. Socializing with
people plays a great part in achieving it. An individual also learns from observing the
surrounding he/she is in.
As a child lives with his family and the community, he/she adapts socially accepted
values (e.g. attending to religious obligations, respecting the elders, etc.) At a very
young age, a child is instilled with values by his/her parents and family. He / She
sees the importance of being together as respected when they eat. Also, he/she
learns the foundations of learning; be it reading the alphabet and counting of
numbers.
In school, he/she learns to be socially educated person as he/she observes and
adapts the behavior of other people (e.g. singing the National Anthem, paying respect
to the flag, showing respect to teachers and valuing friendship among friends and
classmates). A person becomes more civilized as he learns more of culturally
accepted behavior and knowledge in school.
In a community, a person may be inspired to practice social duties and obligations
as observed and learned from those who do great contributions for the welfare of
most people. In these practices, one may also become a steward of goodwill.
The government upon its imposition of law refines a person’s way of living. Through
which, he/she learns his civil rights and exercises them righteously. Likewise,
he/she learns to respect government policies and abides to them, knowing that every
action has limitation.
In his/her dealing with religious affiliations, a person’s belief in Omnipotent Being is
strengthened. This cultivates the idea that everyone like a brother and a sister. Thus,
respect towards one another is valued. He or she learns to respect differences in
faith.
Parents and other authorities are called the initiators of enculturation. As one is
enculturated by those initiators, the process is manifested in his/her actions, choices
and decisions. If it is not because of enculturation, a person will not become the way
he/she in the society. One will not be able to discern what is right from wrong or
even make actions to handle problems encountered. Because of enculturation, an
individual knows the boundaries of his/her actions, words and ideals. As a learned
individual, one becomes accepted by the group he/she belongs with. Enculturation
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teaches a person of his/her roles in the society. True enough, he/she becomes
functional member of the society.
Activity 1: Be Socialized!
This activity will further enhance your knowledge about socialization. Complete each
sentence by putting the right word in the blank. Refer you answers in the box given.
personality family normal socialization
culture physical socialize mental
agents of socialization personal development
Socialization Process
Every individual undergoes the process of (1) __________ during his/her life time.
Socialization is a necessary social process for it is through this that (2) ______________ is
taking place. It was found out that people who lacked socialization developed (3)
___________ and (4) ____________ disabilities. On the other hand, people with successful
socialization experiences become (5) _____________ in different aspects of life.
It is important to remember that (6) ________________ are influential in shaping one’s

personality. There are several agents of socialization mentioned in this module. These
agents are: family, peer group, school, church, community, social media and the
government. Among these agents, (7) __________ contributes the most impact on one’s
personal development because the crucial and intense socialization happens with it.
Becoming part of a particular (8) _________ is a product of socialization. And so, don’t
forget to bear in mind that we need to choose the kind of activities we involve ourselves
into. For whenever we (9) _____________, we develop the kind of (10) _____________ we have.
Activity 2: THINK IT OVER

Answer the following questions.
1. What is the importance of the following icons representing the agents of

socialization to your development as a person?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________

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_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
2. Which among the given factors (referring to icons presented above) has the
most important part in the development of a person? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________.
3. How can you differentiate socialization from enculturation? Explain and give
your examples.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________.
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Activity 3: Positive and Negative consequence!

Socialization is very important to all of us, do you now agree? Do you believe that
people who doesn’t socialize often leads to some serious implications? As a student
you must know the positive effect of socialization and negative consequences of lack
of socialization. Write down below at least ten (10) positive effect of socialization and
negative effect of lack of socialization.
Positive consequence of Socialization Negative consequence of lack of Socialization
1.______________________________ 1.______________________________
2.______________________________ 2.______________________________
3.______________________________ 3.______________________________
4.______________________________ 4.______________________________
5.______________________________ 5.______________________________
6.______________________________ 6.______________________________
7.______________________________ 7.______________________________
8.______________________________ 8.______________________________
9.______________________________ 9.______________________________
10._____________________________ 10._____________________________
Activity 4: Who made me!

Direction: Imagine yourself as the image below. On the spaces provided, fill them in
with WHO or WHAT influence you to become the person you are now.
_________________
Your Name
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________

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After studying the Socialization and enculturation, what is your realization about the topic.
Explain briefly the important notes that you have learned about socialization and what
made you a person you are today.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Post test
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
the correct answer.
______________________________________________________________________
1. The agents of socialization have impacted significantly in the development of
one’s personality. What is the first agent of socialization that influences the
______________________________________________________________________
development of a person?
______________________________________________________________________
A. school C. church
B. family D. friends
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Socialization is an important social activity in the development of a person.
How does socialization affect the development of an individual?
______________________________________________________________________
A. Socialization is an effective tool to understand cultural differences.
______________________________________________________________________
B. Socialization helps an individual become better than anyone else.
C. Socialization process is necessary to meet the demands of the society.
______________________________________________________________________
D. Undergoing constant socialization enables an individual to fully develop in
_____________________
physical, emotional and mental aspects.
3. The process of learning one’s society and its culture. It is moreover the same
as interacting, mingling and being with other people or groups within/ outside
of your society.
A. socialization C. education
B. enculturation D. assimilation
4. Church is one of the different institutions in the society that help in the
foundation and development of a person. Which is an example of
enculturation in Church?
A. wearing K-Pop fashion styles

20
B. Singing of the national anthem

C. Adaptation of Christian liturgy
D. washing the clothes and the dishes
5. Socialization process affects the development of an individual on different

aspects. Which among the choices is an effect to an individual who has not
been successfully socialized?
A. physically fit C. good decision making skills
B. mentally stable D. mental illness and abnormal behavior
CATEGORY 5 4 3
spelling spelling.
References:

Rex Bookstore
(Photo taken from googlr.com.)
Answers Key
Activity 1
10. Personality
9. Socialize
8. Culture
C 5. D 5. 7. Family
D 4. C 4. 6. Agents of socialization
D 3. A 3. 5. Normal
B 2. D 2. 4. Physical/mental
A 1. B 1. 3. Physical/mental
2. Personality development
Pre-Test Post-Test
1. Socialization

21
Week 8 Social Organizations
Name: ___________________________________________ Section: _____________________
Objectives:
Analyze the forms and functions of social organizations
Pretest
Directions: Read the questions carefully and select the letter that corresponds to the correct
answer.
1. It refers to a small social groups which members share close, personal and
enduring relationship.
A. primary group C. out group
B. secondary group D. networking group
2. Based on the familiarity and similarity of people in a given group, what is a

group to which we compare ourselves?
A. Social Group C. Reference Group
B. In-group D. Out Group
3. With different kinds of relation among social groups, these are sets of informal
and formal social ties that link people to each other
A. In-groups C. Out Groups
B. Network Groups D. Reference Groups
4. We observed various grouping of people with certain degree of relationship.

This can be a small or large, mostly impersonal and usually short-term.
A. Out Group C. Secondary Group
B. Primary Group D. Social Group
5. Network as social group has various characteristics, the following are the
true reason for forming networks EXCEPT:
A. Economic C. Environmental
B. Socio-Cultural D. Personal
Key Concepts
SOCIAL GROUPS
The famous poet, John Donne, once wrote “No man is an island, entire of itself; every
man is part of the continent, a part of the main.” He was recognizing the most
distinctive characteristics of people as social animals, whose behavior and
personalities are shaped by groups. Throughout life most of the daily activities of
people are performed in the company of others. The need for human contact is both

22
practical and psychological need. If people are deprived of the company of others for
prolonged period of time, mental breakdown is the usual result.
Everyone belongs to a group; your race, gender, favorite sports team, your college,
even the place where you were born were all examples of groups. Sometimes
groupings are determined by factors related to who we are (sex, age, race/ethnicity)
but in many other cases, they arrive in a somewhat arbitrary fashion. In school, you
would likely associate with classmates who share the same interests as you do like
having a common hobby or sports affiliation or even fashion sense or even love of a
certain type of music.
What is a Group?
A group is a collection of people interacting together in an orderly manner on
the basis of shared expectation. Social organization is a pattern of relationship
between and among individuals and social groups.
Basic Classifications of Social Groups

According to influence
 Primary Groups
Primary groups are marked by concern for one another, shared activities and
culture, and long periods of time spent together. They are influential in
developing an individual’s personal identity. The goal of primary groups is
actually the relationships themselves rather than achieving some other
3purpose. The examples of a primary group but not limited to be your family
and childhood and close friends.
The concept of the primary group was introduced by Charles Cooley in his
book, Social Organization: A Study of the Larger Mind. (Contreras, Antonio P.
et al. “Social Groups”. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. Quezon
City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. 2016)
Sample Groups: Family, Play group, Village/Neighborhood, Work-team
 Secondary Groups
Secondary relationships involve weak emotional ties and little personal
knowledge of one another. In contrast to primary groups, secondary groups
don’t have the goal of maintaining and developing the relationships
themselves. These groups are based on usual or habitual interests or affairs.
It includes groups in which one exchanges explicit commodities, such as
labor for wages, services for payments, and such.
Sample Groups: Nation, Church Hierarchy, Professional Association,
Corporation, University classes, Athletic teams, and groups of coworkers.

23
According to Membership
 In-group
Belonging to the same group as others who share the same common bond and
interests who are more likely to understand each other refers to an in- group.
Sample Groups: Sports team, Unions and Sororities
 Out-group
Those who do not belong to the in-group are part of the out-group, which exist
in the perceptions of the in group members and takes on social reality as a result
of behavior by in-group members who use the out group as a negative point of
reference.
Reference Groups
 A reference group is a collection of people that we use as a standard of

comparison for ourselves regardless of whether we are part of that group. We
rely on reference groups to understand social norms, which then shape our
values, ideas, behavior, and appearance. This means that we also use them
to evaluate the relative worth, desirability, or appropriateness of these things.
By looking to reference groups--be they those of race, class, gender, sexuality,
religion, region, ethnicity, age, or localized groups defined by neighborhood or
school, among others-- we see norms and dominant values, and we choose to
either embrace and reproduce them in our own thoughts, behavior, and
interactions with others; or, we reject and refute them by thinking and acting
in ways that break from them. Sample of these groups are parents, siblings,
teachers, peers, associates and friends.
Network
 A network is a collection of people tied together by a specific pattern of

connections. They can be characterized by the number of people involved, as
in the dyad (by twos) and triad (by threes), but also in terms of their structures
(who is connected to whom) and functions (what flows across ties). Networks
indeed, are able to do more things and different things than individuals acting
on their own could. Networks have this effect, regardless of the content of the
connections or persons involved.
Nowadays, the giving of information and establishing of connections and
various relationships can be done through social networking sites. In this
manner, it is easier to form connections, relationships and linkages. Example:
Family Members, Friends, Work Colleagues, Classmates
There is another strong example of a network that has boomed since the
beginning of the 21st century. Since 1979, electronic forms of social
networking have boomed, starting with CompuServe and MySpace, and
moving to other networking applications such as Facebook, Snapchat, Twitter,
and Instagram.

24
Activity 1: Group Recap!

Directions: Cite the characteristics and examples of these types of groups.
Primary Group
Characteristics Examples
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
Secondary Group
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
Reference Group
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
Network
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
Activity 2: My companion!
Directions: Think of a particular group you belong with and explain its influence
and significance to as a student and as a person.
The group that I belong is _______________________________________________________.
1. They influenced me as a student by
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________.

25
2. I influenced them by
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________.
3. They helped me achieved my dreams by
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________.
Activity 3: My favorite group!

Directions: Think of a particular group such as band, dancers, singers, teams, etc.
which you admired the most. Create a photo collage of these particular group.
The group I look up to _______________________________

ha
ha

26
Answer the following:

1. What are the positive traits of this group that makes you admire them?
___________ __________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. If you are to create or join a group in the future what are those and why? Ex.
Group of professional nurses, photographers, businessmen, engineers etc.
___________ __________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
After studying the Social Organization, what are your thoughts about the topic. Share
your realization based on your experiences in engaging into different groups and how
it shapes you as a person you are today.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Post test
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
the correct answer.
______________________________________________________________________
1. With different kinds of relation among social groups, these are sets of informal
and formal social ties that link people to each other
______________________________________________________________________
A. In-groups C. Out Groups
______________________________________________________________________
B. Network Groups D. Reference Groups
______________________________________________________________________
2. It refers to a small social groups which members share close, personal and
______________________________________________________________________
enduring relationship.
A. primary group C. out group
______________________________________________________________________
B. secondary group D. networking group
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________
27
3. Network as social group has various characteristics, the following are the
true reason for forming networks EXCEPT:
A. Economic C. Environmental
B. Socio-Cultural D. Personal
4. Based on the familiarity and similarity of people in a given group, what is a

group to which we compare ourselves?
A. Social Group C. Reference Group
B. In-group D. Out Group
5. We observed various grouping of people with certain degree of relationship.

This can be a small or large, mostly impersonal and usually short-term.
A. Out Group C. Secondary Group
B. Primary Group D. Social Group
CATEGORY 5 4 3
spelling spelling.
References:

Rex Bookstore
Answers Key
D 5. C 5.
C 4. C 4.
B 3. D 3.
C 2. A 2.
A 1. B 1.
Pre-Test Post-Test


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11

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF DINAGAT ISLANDS

Understanding Culture Society and Politics 11

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

Published by Schools Division of Dinagat Islands

Development Team of the Learning Activity Sheets

Writer: Jaycon P. Caspe

Printed in the Philippines by ______________________________

Department of Education – Learning Resource Management Section

Author: JAYCON P. CASPE

The Biological and Cultural Evolution of

Name: ___________________________________________ Section: _____________________

Analyze the significance of cultural, social, political and economic symbols

3. According to Charles Darwin, species that successfully adapted, or evolved, to

Author: JAYCON P. CASPE

Biological Evolution of Early Humans

Activity 1: Early Humans!

>Existed 1.8 million years ago. > They are comparable to

Author: JAYCON P. CASPE

Author: JAYCON P. CASPE

Activity 2: Sociocultural Evolution

Author: JAYCON P. CASPE

Activity 3: Significant event in Sociocultural Stages!

Author: JAYCON P. CASPE

Activity 4: Think it over!

2. What are the different stages in the cultural development of human?

4. Why do you think people need a transformation or evolution to adapt to

5. Do you observe practices that preserve culture in today’s living? Explain by

Author: JAYCON P. CASPE

Activity 5: Comparing the past!

10 years ago, I CANNOT At present, I CAN

Author: JAYCON P. CASPE

SCORING RUBRIC FOR OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS ACTIVITY 1 TO 5.

Saloma C. et.al.,(2020). “Understanding culture, society and politics – Reader”, -

Homo Habilis Homo Erectus Homo Sapiens

Author: JAYCON P. CASPE

Name: ___________________________________________ Section: _____________________

Explain the context, content, processes, and consequences of socialization

2. The agents of socialization have impacted significantly in the development of

3. Socialization process affects the development of an individual on different

4. Socialization is an important social activity in the development of a person.

Author: JAYCON P. CASPE

Author: JAYCON P. CASPE

personality family normal socialization

culture physical socialize mental

agents of socialization personal development

It is important to remember that (6) ________________ are influential in shaping one’s

Activity 2: THINK IT OVER

1. What is the importance of the following icons representing the agents of

Author: JAYCON P. CASPE

Activity 3: Positive and Negative consequence!

Positive consequence of Socialization Negative consequence of lack of Socialization

Activity 4: Who made me!

Author: JAYCON P. CASPE

Author: JAYCON P. CASPE

B. Singing of the national anthem

5. Socialization process affects the development of an individual on different

SCORING RUBRIC FOR OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS ACTIVITY 2 TO 4.

Saloma C. et.al.,(2020). “Understanding culture, society and politics – Reader”, -

Author: JAYCON P. CASPE

Week 8 Social Organizations

Name: ___________________________________________ Section: _____________________

Analyze the forms and functions of social organizations

Name: _______________________ Section: _

Name: _______________________ Section: _

Name: _______________________ Section: _