SCIENCE &

TECHNOLOGY &
SOCIETY

MR. ROLAND O.
TACAN, MAEM
MAEd
Review Master
1. He was considered to be one of the most controversial
intellectual revolutions of its time. Completed the Copernican
revolution initiated three centuries earlier, and thereby radically
changed our conception of the universe and the place of humanity
in it. What period it had Revolution it had happened?

a. Darwinian Revolution c. Freudian Revolution

b. Ptolemian Revolution d. Copernican Revolution
2. The President of the Republic of the Philippines Promulgated of R.A.
9367 (Biofuels Act) to utilize indigenous materials as sources of energy; but
was not successful due to the lack of technology to source raw materials.
R.A. 10601 (Agriculture and Fisheries Mechanization Law) was passed to
modernize agricultural and fisheries machinery and equipment.

a. Ferdinand Marcos c. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

b. Corazon Aquino d. Joseph Estrada

3. The school aims to develop children equipped with scientific
and technological knowledge, skills, and values. The science
subject and health is taught in Grade 1 with a longer time
compared to other subjects: 70 minutes for Grades 1 to 111 and 80
minutes for Grades IV to VI.

a. Quezon City Regional Science High School

b. Central Visayas Institute Foundation
c. Special Science Elementary Schools Project
d. Manila Science Elementary School
4. One of the ancient civilizations with substantial contributions in many
areas of life like medicine, astronomy, science, mathematics, arts,
philosophy, and music, among others. They are known for traditional
medicines, a product of centuries of experience and discovery. They
discovered various medical properties and uses of plants and animals to cure
human illness. An example is the practice of acupuncture.

a. India
b. Africa
c. Egypt
d. China
5. The cluster of the National Research Council of the
Philippines (NCRP) that ensures compliance of drug-
manufacturing firms with ASEAN-harmonized standards by
full implementation of Food and Drug Administration.
a. Biological Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry
b. Medical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
c. Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies &
Governance
d. Physics, Engineering and Industrial Research, Earth & Space Sciences, and
Mathematics
 6. He is

a. Ramon Barba
b. Josefino Cacas Comiso
c. Jose Bejar Cruz Jr.
d. Lourdes Jansuy Cruz
7. The President of the republic of the Philippines whose focus is on DOST,
set to put the results of R&D into commercialization to gain new intellectual
properties. Philippine Space Technology Program launched Diwata-2- 2 in
2018 after the launch of Diwata-1 in 2016 displayed the Philippine flag in
space. Who is the President being referred?
a. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
b. Ferdinand Marcos
c. Fidel Ramos
d. Rodrigo Duterte
8. He said that the Earth and all the planets are
surrounding or orbiting the Sun each year. The Moon,
however, would still be seen orbiting the Earth. His model
of the Earth orbiting around the Sun automatically
positioned the planets into a logical sequence.
a. Sigmund Freud
b. Charles Darwin
c. Nicolaus Copernicus
d. Ptolemy
9. Their goal in life is acquiring pleasure. For them, life is
about obtaining and indulging in pleasure because life is
limited. The mantra of this school of thought is the famous,
“EAT, DRINK, AND BE MERRY FOR TOMORROW
WE DIE.”
a. Hedonism
b. Stoicism
c. Theism
d. humanism
10. He is the President where the National Program for
Gifted Filipino Children in Science and Technology was
created for high school students who wanted to major in
science and engineering in college.
a. Joseph Estrada
b. Corazaon Aquino
c. Fidel V. Ramos
d. Rodrigo Duterte
11. The book published by Charles Darwin
contains all the evidence to prove his theory
of evolution.
a. commentaries
b. papyrus
c. The Origin of Species
d. Sushuruta Samshia
12. Discovered the double-helix
structure pf DNA.
a. Albert Einstein
b. James Chadwick & Francis Crick
c. Alexander Fleming
d. Ernest Rutherford
13. Reorganized institutions for science and technology were reorganized.
Municipal Bureau of Government Laboratories (under US Department of
Interior). The Bureau of Government Laboratories was established to study
tropical diseases and pursue other related research projects; eventually
became the Bureau of Science which became the main research center of
the Philippines.

a. Pre-colonial Period
b. Spanish Colonial Period
c. Modern Period
d. American Period
14. The idea/ concept of the geocentric
theory.
a. it tells that the Sun is the center of the solar system.
b. it tells that the Earth is the center of the solar system.
c. it tells that the Moon and stars are the center of the
solar system.
d. it tells that heavenly bodies are free floating in the solar
system.
15. The sudden changes, either within species groups or within the
environment, could begin to change entire ecosystem. The critical
factor contributing to species and habitat loss.

a. Alterarions in ecosystem compositions

b. pollution and contamination
c. global climate change
d. habitat loss and destruction
16. The technique that inserts foreign genes into the
patient in order to treat or prevent a certain disease.

a. gene therapy
b. chemotherapy
c. stem cell therapy
d. radiotherapy
ANSWERS WITH
DISCUSSION
1. Darwinian Revolution (A)
- Charles Darwin is an English naturalist,
biologist, and geologist; he introduced the theory
of evolution where populations pass through a
process of natural selection in which only the
fittest would survive (natural selection). The
organisms can adapt to their environment and
would gradually change into something that
would be more competitive to survive
• “One general law, leading to the advancement of all organic beings,
namely, multiply, vary, let the strongest live and the weakest die.” ―
Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species.
• According to the bible, God had created the world and everything on
it. All the species of animals and plants now in existence were
thought to have been created in their final format the Creation time.
Then one mind questioned it all –Charles Darwin. Interest in fossils
fueled the increase in scientific awareness during his time. He
focused on geological change and presented a classic explanation of
development over millions of years. He had persuaded most people
that ‘transmutation’ was an acceptable scientific explanation of the
geological past. However, he had not necessarily persuaded them that
natural selection was the cause of it.
• 2. GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO © - 9367 or the Biofuels Act of
2006 was signed into law by President Arroyo, which took effect on
May 6,2007.
• A timeline on Philippine energy policy developments until the signing
of the Biofuels Act of 2006 is provided is attached (Philippine Energy
Milestones). On January 12, 2007, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
signed into law Republic Act 9367 (RA 9367) or the Biofuels Act
• Biofuels Act of 2006 (RA 9367)
• The Biofuels Act of 2006 aims to reduce the country’s dependence on
imported fuels with due regard to the protection of public health, the
environment, and the natural ecosystems consistent with the
country’s sustainable economic growth.
• It mandates the use of biofuels as a measure to develop and utilize
indigenous renewable and sustainable-sources clean energy sources to
reduce dependence on imported oil; mitigate toxic and greenhouse gas
(GSG) emissions; increase rural employment and income; and ensure
the availability of alternative and renewable clean energy without any
detriment to the natural ecosystem, biodiversity and food reserves of the
country.
• - The law also provides for additional incentives to encourage
investments in the production, distribution and use of locally-produced
biofuels at and above the minimum mandated blends.
• - The Department of Energy, in consultation with the National
Biofuels Board, appropriate government agencies, and other
stakeholders has issued, adopted, and promulgated the law’s
implementing rules and regulations.
• 3. Special Science Elementary School Project ©
4. CHINA (D)
Government
Policies on
Science and
Technology
5. B
6. C
 7. RODRIGO DUTERTE (B)
- According to him Science and Technology in the Philippines and
the Environment S&T has brought about numerous contributions
the society. This is especially true in the agricultural sector and
food production. These include: 1. Mechanization of Farming -
Tools such as pumps and sprinklers help in managing the
damaging effects of heat brought about by the changing climate
patterns 2. Genetically Modified Crops - Grow faster and are
resistant to pests 3. Fertilizers - Increase nutrients in the soil;
enhance growth and yield of crops
- However, these technologies may also affect the environment negatively. For
example, research has shown that pesticides contain chemicals that are not
environment-friendly. In the case of GM crops, only a few studies have been
published in terms of their long-term effects on the environment partly because it is
still a relatively new technology. Science and technology have improved
transportation by land, air, and sea. Communication has also improved through
technological advancements. These contributions of S&T always come with adverse
impacts including resource depletion. The increasing number of new and advanced
technologies in the production and manufacture of different goods and services
result in the depletion of the planet’s natural resources. Furthermore, wastes are also
generated as these technologies are developed, eventually contributing to increased
air, land, and water pollution.
7. NICOLAUS COPERNICUS ©
9. A
10. ©Fidel V. Ramos
- Several laws and statutes related to the science and
technology sector were mandated: 1. R.A. 8439 ( Magna
Carta for Scientist, Engineers, Researchers, and other
Science and Technology Personnel in Government) 2. R.A.
7687 (Science and Technology Scholarship Act of 1994) 3.
R.A. 7559 (Inventors and Inventions Incentive Act) 4. R.A.
8293 (The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines)
 11. © The Origin of Species
What is Darwin's theory of the origin of species?
• Darwin proposed that species can change over
time, that new species come from pre-existing
species, and that all species share a common
ancestor. In this model, each species has its own
unique set of heritable (genetic) differences from
the common ancestor, which have accumulated
gradually over very long time periods.
 11. © The Origin of Species
• On the Origin of Species, published on 24 November 1859, is a
work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin that is considered to
be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book
introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the
course of generations through a process of natural selection.
What were the main points of the origin of species?
• What were the main points of the origin of species? Darwin's
thesis included two key points: Various groups of creatures develop
from one or a few common ancestors. Natural selection is the
process by which this evolution occurs.
 12. (B) JAMES CHADWICK &
FRANCIS CRICK
What is the contribution of James Watson and Francis Crick in the history of
DNA?
• The discovery in 1953 of the double helix, the twisted-ladder structure of
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), by James Watson and Francis Crick marked a
milestone in the history of science and gave rise to modern molecular biology,
which is largely concerned with understanding how genes control the chemical
processes
What did Francis Crick discover about DNA?
• Content. Francis Crick (1916-2004) was one of Britain's great scientists. He
is best known for his work with James Watson which led to the identification of
the structure of DNA in 1953, drawing on the work of Maurice Wilkins,
Rosalind Franklin and others.
 12. (B) JAMES CHADWICK &
FRANCIS CRICK
• What was James Chadwick famous experiment?
- In 1932, the physicist James Chadwick conducted
an experiment in which he bombarded Beryllium
with alpha particles from the natural radioactive
decay of Polonium. The resulting radiation showed
high penetration through a lead shield, which could
not be explained via the particles known at that time.
What is Ernest Rutherford most famous for?
➢ Ernest Rutherford postulated the nuclear structure of the atom,
discovered alpha and beta rays, and proposed the laws of radioactive
decay. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908
What did Alexander Fleming discover?
➢ But it was not until 1928 that penicillin, the first true antibiotic, was
discovered by Alexander Fleming, Professor of Bacteriology at St.
Mary's Hospital in London
➢ What did Alexander Fleming contribution to microbiology?
Discovering penicillin, In 1928, Fleming discovered penicillin, the first
form of antibiotics. He grew cultures of bacteria on petri dishes in the
hospital where he worked. A fungal spore happened to contaminate
one of the bacteria cultures and grew into a fungal colony.
13. (D) AMERICAN PERIOD
- Science during the American period was inclined
toward agriculture, food processing, forestry,
medicine, and pharmacy. Not much focus was given
to the development of industrial technology due to
the free trade policy with the United States which
nurtured an economy geared towards agriculture and
trade.
13. (D) AMERICAN PERIOD
What can you say about the state of science and technology
during the American period?
- 1. What can you say about the state of Science and
Technology during the Spanish and American period?
During the Spanish and American periods, Science and
Technology were exceptionally prioritized. There were a lot
of improvements and new inventions that were made to
improve the lives of the natives.
-
14. (B) b. it tells that the earth is the center of
the solar system.
- In astronomy, the geocentric model (also known as geocentrism,
often exemplified specifically by the Ptolemaic system) is a superseded
description of the Universe with Earth at the center. Under most
geocentric models, the Sun, Moon, stars, and planets all orbit Earth.
Who proposed the geocentric theory?
- An astronomer named Eudoxus created the first model of a
geocentric universe around 380 B.C. Eudoxus designed his model of
the universe as a series of cosmic spheres containing the stars, the sun,
and the moon all built around the Earth at its center.
14. (B) b. it tells that the earth is the center of
the solar system.
What is a geocentric and heliocentric theory?
- •In the geocentric model, the earth is considered as the
center of the universe, and all celestial bodies move
around the. earth (planets, moon, sun and the stars).
•In the heliocentric model, the sun is considered as the
center of the universe, and the celestial bodies move
around the. sun.
16. (A) GENE THERAPHY
- Gene therapy is a medical field which focuses on the genetic
modification of cells to produce a therapeutic effect or the treatment
of disease by repairing or reconstructing defective genetic material.
What is gene therapy used for?
- Gene therapy replaces a faulty gene or adds a new gene in an
attempt to cure disease or improve your body's ability to fight disease.
Gene therapy holds promise for treating a wide range of diseases,
such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, heart disease, diabetes, hemophilia and
AIDS.
16. (A) GENE THERAPHY
What is gene therapy example?
- For example, suppose a brain tumor is forming by rapidly dividing cancer cells. The reason
this tumor is forming is due to some defective or mutated gene. The therapy chosen for this case
would be to use a herpes virus that has had its virulence removed, rendering it harmless.
What are the 5 benefits of gene therapy?
Pros-
- Provides options. Gene therapy can potentially cure someone of a disease, especially in
instances where no other medications have worked.
- Only has to be given one time. ...
- Long-lasting effects. ...
- Positive effects passed down through generations. ...
- Rapidly-changing technology.
Ferdinand E. Marcos -During the time of the former President
Ferdinand E. Marcos, the role of science and technology in national
development was emphasized. Mandated the Department of
Education and Culture, now known as the Department of Education
(DepeD), to promote science courses in public high schools.
Additional budget for research projects in applied sciences and
science was granted. In 1968, Taguig was proclaimed as the Philippine
Science Community, now the site of Department of Science and
Technology. The Philippine Coconut Institute (PHILCORIN) was tasked
to promote modernization of the coconut industry. Several
institutions were also established.
the role of science and technology in
national development was emphasized.
Mandated the Department of Education
and Culture, now known as the
Department of Education (DepeD), to
promote science courses in public high
schools.
Corazon Aquino-renamed NSTA as
DOST in 1986 under President
Corazon Aquino. This was done in
order for the S&T sector to be
represented in the cabinet
 Philippine Textile Research Center Philippine Atomic Energy Commission
Philippine Nuclear Institute National Grains Authority National Food Authority
Philippine Council for Agricultural Research Philippine Council for Agriculture,
Aquatic, and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD) 5. Philippine
Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) 6.
Philippine National Oil Company 7. Plant Breeding Institute 8. International Rice
Research Institute (IRRI) 9. Bureau of Plant Industry 10. Bureau of Forest Products 11.
National Committee on Geological Sciences -

The National Science Development Board was reorganized as the National Science
and Technology Authority (NSTA) In 1976, the National Academy of Science (NAST)
was established to be the reservoir of scientific and technological expertise in the
country.
Copernican Revolution- The Copernican
Revolution Challenged the previous belief that
the Earth was the center of the universe
(geocentrism) proposed by Claudius Ptolemy
(Ptolemaic Model).

Heliocentric Model- the Sun is at the center of

the universe
Geocentric model vs. Heliocentric model of the solar system.
- For the first time in the 16th century, Copernicus bravely
challenged the Ptolemaic model ofheavens –geocentric.It described
the cosmos as having the Earth stationary at the center of the
universe, and everything revolves around it. Copernicus proposed
anew model, heliocentric, showing the sun as the center of the solar
system. The Catholic church was against him, so his ideas did not
prosper at once. His books and he, himself, were denied by society.
Few centuries had passed before the world started to acknowledge
his greatness through Galileo Galilei –the man who picked up all
Copernicus had left. Until then, the sun stands out in the center of
the solar system
Geocentric model vs. Heliocentric model of the solar system.
- For the first time in the 16th century, Copernicus bravely
challenged the Ptolemaic model ofheavens –geocentric.It described
the cosmos as having the Earth stationary at the center of the
universe, and everything revolves around it. Copernicus proposed
anew model, heliocentric, showing the sun as the center of the solar
system. The Catholic church was against him, so his ideas did not
prosper at once. His books and he, himself, were denied by society.
Few centuries had passed before the world started to acknowledge
his greatness through Galileo Galilei –the man who picked up all
Copernicus had left. Until then, the sun stands out in the center of
the solar system
Spanish Colonial Period - Medicine and biology were taught
in different educational and training institutions. The natives
were trained to use innovative approach in farming;
engineering was also introduced for constructing buildings,
churches, bridges, roads, and forts. Rapid development of
scientific principles influenced by Western culture during the
Spanish colonial period was short-changed. Trade was more
prioritized compared to agriculture and industrial
development because its potential to gain large profits.
Spanish Colonial Period - Science and
technology was developed by establishing
formal education institutions and launching
scientific organizations. Schools were
mandated to teach religion, reading and
writing, music and arts, and health and
sanitation.
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
the Augustinian priests in Cebu established the first school
oldest schools: University of Santo Tomas and Colegio of San Ignacio
most prominent changes in science and technology were evident
establishment of formal educational institutions
launching of scientific organizations
schools were mandated to teach religion, mathematics, reading and writing, music and arts,
and health and sanitation
different educational and training institutions: medicine and biology
major livelihood of Filipinos: agriculture
natives were trained to use innovative approaches in farming
engineering was introduced to construct buildings, churches, bridges, roads, and forts
the rapid development of scientific principles influenced by Western culture during this time
was shortchanged
agriculture and industrial developments were during the latter part of the Spanish era
trade was prioritized due to possible bigger profits
Pre-colonial Times- Farming, fishing, mining, and
weaving was developed by Filipinos during this
period ( the Banaue Rice Terraces was built during
this period).
- Science and technology in the Philippines had its
beginnings during the pre-colonial times. People used
herbal medicine to treat illnesses. Filipinos used
writing, numerical treatment, measurement, and
calendar systems to facilitate trading
PRE-COLONIAL TIMES
the beginning of science and technology in the Philippines
people used herbal medicine (moringa/malunggay, sambong,
lagundi, mangosteen) to treat illnesses
to facilitate trading, Filipinos made use of writing, numerical
measurements, and calendar systems
trading was locally done in barangays; internationally – China,
Japan, and other Asian countries
livelihood skills were developed by Filipinos such as farming, fishing,
mining, and weaving
techniques that were developed for livelihood purposes resulted in
majestic architectural designs which attracted worldwide attention
(e.g. Banaue Rice Terraces)
American Period-Reorganized institutions for
science and technology were reorganized.
Municipal Bureau of Government Laboratories
(under US Department of Interior). o The Bureau of
Government laboratories was established for the
purpose of studying tropical diseases and pursuing
other related research projects; eventually became
Bureau of Science which became the main
research center of the Philippines.
AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD
developments in science and technology were focused on
agriculture, medicine and pharmacy, food processing, and forestry
reorganization of institutions for science and technology
1. The Laboratorio Municipal was replaced by the Bureau of
Government Laboratories (under the US’ Department of Interior).
The Bureau was established to study tropical diseases and to
pursue other related research projects.
2. 1905 – Bureau of Science (from Bureau of Government
Laboratories), the main research center of the country
3. 1933 – National Research Council of the Philippines
4. 1946 – Institute of Science (from Bureau of Science)
EO No. 514-General Mandate on
Departments, Offices and Agencies. The
mandates, jurisdictions and other powers of
all departments and agencies in relation to
biosafety and biotechnology shall be guided
by the NBF and coordinated with the NCBP
and each other in exercising such powers.
EO No. 514- - ESTABLISHING THE NATIONAL
BIOSAFETY FRAMEWORK, PRESCRIBING GUIDELINES
FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION, STRENGTHENING THE
NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON BIOSAFETY OF THE
PHILIPPINES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
- the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the United
Nations Convention on Biological Diversity which the
Philippines signed on 24 May 2000 entered into force
on 11 September 2003;