Lesson 2

Instructor: Janniece L. Magsayo, LPT

Learning outcomes:
At the end of the lesson, you should
be able to;
 Determine how the scientific and
technological development affect
the society and environment
(locally); and
 Create a timeline of scientific and
technological development in the
Philippines.
What is the development of
Science and Technology in
the Philippines during pre-
colonization?

Scientific and technological

development in the Philippines
began in the pre-colonial
period. Even before the
Spaniards came to the
Philippine islands, early Filipino
settlers were already using the
certain plants and herbs as
medicines. Systems of farming
and animal-raising were also
implemented. Moreover, early
Filipinos had also developed
different modes of
transportation, whether
terrestrial or maritime.
 What is the development of Science and
Technology in the Philippines during pre-
colonization?
• In constructing buildings, irrigation, and designing
instruments that they can use in daily life, technology
is used by individuals. They developed tools for planting,
hunting, cooking and fishing, for fighting their enemies
both on land and on rivers during war or territorial
disputes, and for transportation. In making musical
instruments, they have also developed technologies.
• Filipinos were already engaged in activities and
practices related to science, forming primitive or first
wave technology. They were curative values of some
plants on how to extract medicine from herbs. They
had an alphabet, a system of writing, a method of
counting and weights, and measure. They had no
calendar but counted the years by the period of the
moon and from one harvest to another (Caoli, 1986).
What happened to S&T during the colonization period?
• Colonization by the Spaniards provided the
Philippines with modern means of construction.
Walls, roads, bridges, and other large
infrastructures were built using some of the
engineering skills and tools brought by the
Spaniards. In addition, the Spanish
government developed health and education
systems that were enjoyed by the principalia
class
• The American occupation modernized almost
all aspects of life in the Philippines. They
established a government agency, the bureau of
Science, for the sole purpose of nurturing
development in the field of science and
technology.
What happened to S&T during the colonization
period?
• According to Caoili, the development of science and
technology in the Philippines has been greatly influenced by its
historical experience as a colony of Spain and the United
States. Colonial policies, particularly those on economic
development and external trade, have, over the centuries,
fostered a primarily agricultural, export-oriented economy
dependent on the outside world as a market for its products
and a source of manufactured goods. This has led to neglect
and a lack of support for industrialization (Caoli, 1986).
• This problem of colonial development has affected the
historical development of Philippine science and technology.
Agricultural science generally tended to receive more funding
and support compared to the physical sciences. This pattern of
support persisted despite the introduction of the other sciences
into the country's educational system during the American
regime.
What are the inventions and discoveries made
by Filipinos after the colonization period?
• The Philippine Inventions

McNamara et al., (2018) stated that,

regardless of being viewed as a
developing nation, the Philippines
additionally add to the worldwide
progression of science and innovation. It
is very striking to take note of the
resourcefulness of the Filipinos in spite of
the scarcity of resources.
Salamander
Amphibious Tricycle

This is a land and/or

water capable tricycle
designed by Victor Llave
and his group at H2O
Technologies, which can
go across overflow e d
roads as well as
waterways and lakes. It
might likewise be used to
make a trip from island
to island.
SALT Lamp

This is a lighting system

that uses a material
bountiful in the
Philippines-( salt) and
was designed a young
Filipina named Aisa
Mijeno. This Sustainable
Alternative Lighting
(SALt) light is an
environment- friendly
light source that runs on
saltwater.
Medical Incubator

An invention of a
F i l i p i n o
pediatrician
named Dr. Fe del
Mundo made from
indigenous and
cheap materials
that did not run on
electricity.
Mosquito Ovicidal/
Larvicidal Trap System

A mosquito trap system

developed by the
Department of Science
and Technology (DOST)
through its Industrial
T e c h n o l o g y
Development Institute
(ITDI), which was
introduced in 2011 with
its aim to control the
population of dengue-
carrying Aedes mosquito.
Lesson 3
Learning outcomes:
• At the end of the lesson, you will be able
to;

• Discuss how the ideas postulated by

Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud
contributed to the spark of scientific
revolution through reaction paper; and
• Determine the transformation of
Science and Technology during the
prehistoric times using a graphic
organizer
What is an intellectual revolution?
•It is the period where paradigm
shifts occurred. It is where the
scientific beliefs that have been
widely embraced and accepted by
the people where challenged and
opposed.
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
Nicolaus Copernicus
(1473–1543)

• This caused the paradigm shift of how the

earth and sun were placed in the
heavens/universe.
• Claudius Ptolemy stated that the planets, as
well as the sun and the moon in a circular
motion around the earth. The sun and moon’s
rotation explained the existence of days and
nights. He believed that the earth was the
center – a concept known as geocentrism.
• Heliocentrism suggested that the center of the
solar system was not the earth but the sun.
{Nicholas Copernicus 1473-1543}
• Birth of Modern Astronomy era began what
was known as the scientific revolution which
resulted in the transformation of society’s
thoughts and beliefs.
 DARWINIAN REVOLUTION
Charles Robert Darwin
(1809-1882)

• In 1859, Charles Darwin, an English

biologist published his book, On the
Origin of Species.
• Theory of evolution w/c posited that
populations pass through a process of
natural selection in w/c only the fittest
would survive. He stated that organisms
have the ability to adapt to their
environment and would gradually
change into something that would be
more competitive to survive, a process
known as evolution.
 FREUDIAN REVOLUTINON
Sigmund Freud
(1856-1939)
In the late 19 t h century, Sigmund
Freud was able to change people’s
perception of psychology with his
revolutionary theory of
psychoanalysis.
Psychoanalysis is the study that
explains human behavior. Freud
explain that there are many conscious
and unconscious factors that can
influence behavior and emotions. He
also argued that personality is a
product of three conflicting elements;
id, ego and superego.
SUMMARY
• These three revolutionizing theories are just some of
the many scientific ideas that transformed and
molded societies and beliefs. The changes they
brought to the perspectives and perceptions of the
scientific community and the public are evidence of
science and technology’s link to humanity. Through
scientific research and experimentations, people will
continue to deepen their understanding of the world
and the universe.