LESSON 1

SCIENCE

✓ body of knowledge subject, discipline, filed of study that deals with the process of learning
about natural and physical world

✓ personal and social activity done by human beings to develop better understanding of the
world around them

SOCIETY

✓ Derived from the Latin word societas, it typically refers to individuals belonging to a particular
group
✓ A community of people engaging with each other through persistent relationships, or a broad
social grouping occupying the same geographical or social territory.

THE MEANING OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

• The study of how social, political and cultural principles influence scientific research and
technological progress, and how they, in turn, impact society.

• Refers to the relationship of science and technology with the socio-cultural, political and
economic environments that form and shape them.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ANCIENT TIMES

Sumerian are known for their contribution with the first writing system called as cuneiform.
Challenge to mass produce food, they invented plowing, irrigation and dikes and wheel for
farming. Throughout the existence of this civilization, their main mode of transportation was
through waterways such as rivers and seas. They are also known to develop the first road.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN MIDDLE AGES

The start of the middle ages was marred by massive invasions and migrations. Wars are
prevalent during this time. As such, great technology was needed in the fields of weaponry,
navigation, food and farm production and health.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE MODERN TIMES

The growing global population starting in the nineteenth century necessitated a quicker rate of
production of products.

PASTEURIZATION
• The process of heating dairy products to kill the harmful bacteria that allow them to spoil faster.
• It also prevented illnesses caused by harmful bacteria (Macalester College, 2010).

LOUIS PASTEUR

French biologist, microbiologist and chemist

OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS OF PASTEUR TO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND
MEDICINE
• molecular asymmetry
• fermentation
• vaccination

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE MODERN TIMES

The modern times demanded better means of powering homes and transportation. This led to
the development of kerosene and the petroleum (Skrabec, 2010). refinery

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

PRECOLONIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

There had been activities linked to technology during this period that included use of fire,
pottery-making and use of herbal medicines.

COLONIAL SCIENCE AN 름 TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

During this period, University of the Philippines Los Baños was established for the promotion of
higher education in the sciences and government research institutions and agencies performing
technical functions.

COLONIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)

under the Department of National Defense was established to provide environmental protection
and to utilize scientific knowledge to ensure safety of the people.

LESSON 2

Scientific revolution was the period of enlightenment when the developments in the fields of
mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry transformed the views of society
about nature

Development of Science in Asia

India
• Known for manufacturing iron and in metallurgical works
• Famous in medicine
• Notable in the field of astronomy
• Known for their mathematics

Development of Science in Asia

China

• known for traditional medicine

• known to develop many tools
• made significant records in supernovas, lunar and solar eclipses, and comets, which were
carefully recorded and preserved

Middle East Countries

• development of the scientific method in the Muslim world
• number system
• had an important role in the foundation of modern chemistry
• pioneered the science of experimental medicine
• first to conduct clinical trials

SOME INTELLECTUALS AND THEIR REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS

Charles Darwin

• Famous for his theory of evolution. He published his book The Origin of Species in 1589. His
book presented evidence on how species evolved over time and presented traits and adaptation
that differentiate spocles.

Nicolaus Copernicus

His Ideas were an example of what is presently called as thought experiment. Copernicus' idea
and model of the universe was essentially complete in 1510.

LESSON 3
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND NATION-BUILDING

BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE

PHILIPPINES
Before the coming of the Spanish colonizers, the early inhabitants of the archipelago had their
own culture, traditions, belief system and Indigenous knowledge system that keep them
organized and sustained their lives and communities for many years.
Science, in pre-Spanish Philippines, scientific knowledge is observed in the way of planting
their crops to provide them food and taking care of the animals to help their dally tasks and for
food production.

Technology is used by the people in building houses, irrigations, and developing tools that they
can use in everyday life.

LESSON 4
THE HUMAN PERSON FLOURISHING IN TERMS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Scientific inquiry is composed of a series of interrelated steps that begins with an observation.
This involves analyzing the surrounding and asking questions.

HYPOTHESIS

A hypothesis is a statement on what could be the possible outcome or answer to the problem
at hand.

STEPS IN THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

1. IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM

A problem may arise from simply experiencing that problems, or an observation of a certain
phenomenon, or an unexpected event.

2. FORMULATE A HYPOTHESIS RELATED TO THE PROBLEM

This is simply making a scientific guess about the problem.

3. TEST THE HYPOTHESIS BY EXPERIMENTATION

Testing the hypothesis could be done through experimentation and observation. It may be
conducted several times in case there are doubts with the results.

4. RECORD AND ANALYZE DATA

These data will be very relevant in making the write up about the results of the study.

5. MAKE CONCLUSIONS AND GENERALIZATIONS

From the results, one can now draw conclusions and generalizations. One may also give
recommendations based on the results.

6. PUBLISH SCIENTIFIC WORK

It is important to disseminate the results of the studies.

This is the essence of any scientific study.