Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Mark Scheme (Provisional)
Summer 2021
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Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s largest awarding body.
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We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and
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specific programmes for employers. For further information visit our qualifications
websites at www.edexcel.com or www.btec.co.uk. Alternatively, you can get in touch with
us using the details on our contact us page at www.edexcel.com/contactus.
Pearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help everyone progress
in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds of people,
wherever they are in the world. We’ve been involved in education for over 150 years, and by
working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international reputation for our
commitment to high standards and raising achievement through innovation in education. Find out
more about how we can help you and your students at: www.pearson.com/uk
Summer 2021
Question Paper Log Number 65812
Publications Code WBI11_01_2106_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2021
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General Marking Guidance
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• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners
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must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as
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they mark the last.
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• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must
be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather
than penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries
may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be
awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if
deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark
scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero
marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit
according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will
provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and
exemplification may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of
the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader
must be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate
has replaced it with an alternative response
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
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1(a)
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Elements Type of bond
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Polymer Monomer in
/
monomer
carbon,
hydrogen,
Nucleic acids (mono)nucleotide oxygen, phosphodiester
phosphorus
and nitrogen
carbon,
hydrogen, ACCEPT chemical symbols C, H, O, N, S
Proteins amino acid oxygen, peptide
(sulfur) and
nitrogen (4)
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
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1(b) A description that includes three of the following points:
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TWO FROM
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• (one) glycerol and three fatty acids (1)
• by enzymes (1)
AND
• (at least) one fatty acid is {unsaturated / has a CC double bond} (3)
(1)
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Question Answer Mark
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2(a)
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C glycogen
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The only correct answer is C.
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A is incorrect because amylopectin is found in plant cells only
B is incorrect because cellulose is found in plant cells only
(1)
D is incorrect because starch is found in plant cells only
• 190 900 000 / 191 000 000 / 191 million / 1.909 × 108 / 1.91 × 108
(1)
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
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2(c)(ii) An explanation that includes three of the following points:
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• because (prenatal testing) can cause abortion (1)
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• because false negative or false positive results can be avoided (if
patient already has diabetes) (1)
• because of the ethics associated with destroying embryos (IVF) (1) (3)
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
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3(a) An explanation that includes the following points:
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• to widen (the lumen of) the (coronary) artery / (blood) vessel (1) ACCEPT increase in {diameter / cross-
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sectional area}
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IGNORE larger / increase in area
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• so that more blood can flow to the heart {cells / muscle} (1)
• for respiration (in the heart muscle) / so that heart muscle can
contract (1) (3)
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3(b)(ii)
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• blocks the (coronary) {artery / vessel} {so the brain does ACCEPT so that the heart muscle does
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(1)
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not get oxygen / causing a stroke} not get oxygen / causing a heart attack
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Question Answer Mark
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number
3(b)(iii)
D thrombin and thromboplastin
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number
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3(b)(v)
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anticoagulants / platelet inhibitors ACCEPT named anticoagulants /
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platelet inhibitors
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e.g. heparin, aspirin, warfarin
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DO NOT ACCEPT antihypertensives / (1)
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statins
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
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4(a)
7 and 8 and 9 (1)
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4(b)(ii) A description that includes the following points:
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• genotype is the combination of alleles + {TT / tt / Tt} (1) ACCEPT any pair of letters
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• phenotype is the {expressed / observable} {characteristic / trait ACCEPT characteristic that can be
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/ feature} + {taster / non-taster} measured
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{tasting / not tasting} (receptor)
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number
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5(a) An explanation that includes the following points:
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• because the mutated gene results in a faulty (CFTR) protein (1) ACCEPT less effective
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• so chloride ions do not move out of the cells (1) ACCEPT reduced movement of
chloride ions / sodium ion channel
not inhibited / sodium ions not
prevented from entering cell
• decreasing the water potential inside the cell (1) ACCEPT decreasing {osmotic
potential / solute potential} /
increasing solute concentration
IGNORE decreasing water
concentration
• therefore water {leaves the mucus / enters the cells} by osmosis
(1) (3)
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
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5(b) An explanation that includes five of the following points:
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• because the mucus blocks the airways (1)
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• therefore {air flow to lungs / gas exchange} is reduced (1)
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• because mucus prevents pancreatic enzymes from entering the ACCEPT duodenum / gut / digestive tract
small intestine (1) named enzyme secreted by
pancreas
• therefore large food molecules not broken down (and cannot be ACCEPT named large food molecule
absorbed) (1)
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5(c)(i)
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C 40
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The only correct answer is C.
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A is incorrect because
B is incorrect because
(1)
D is incorrect because
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6(a)(i)
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• 100 (cm)
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(1)
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
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6(a)(ii) An answer that includes the following points:
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6(a)(iii) An answer that includes the following points:
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• using WHR the two women appear to have the same risk
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of developing CVD (1)
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• however using {mass / BMI} female K is at a greater risk
(1) (2)
• by the tape being pulled tighter around the waist so the waist ACCEPT breathing in whilst taking the
value is smaller (1) measurement of the waist
• by the tape being held loosely around the hips so the hip value is
greater (1)
• so that the waist to hip ratio is smaller (1) ACCEPT make the waist measurement
smaller and the hip measurement
larger
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6(b)(i) An answer that includes two of the following points:
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• the distribution of fat under the skin is not even (1)
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• exercise will replace fat under the skin with muscle (1) ACCEPT exercising some parts of body
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will reduce fat / stopping exercise to
some parts of body will increase fat
• the woman has had a child (1)
• liposuction (1)
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7(b)(i)
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• a change in one variable is reflected in a change in another variable ACCEPT a description that only
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mentions ‘change’ once (1)
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DO NOT ACCEPT causes / results in
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
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7(b)(ii) A description that includes the following points: ACCEPT converse throughout
• incidence of skin cancer increases with (an increase in) age (1) ACCEPT in either context of males or
females or both
• incidence of skin cancer increases with an increase in the years (1) ACCEPT in either context of males or
females or both
• males have higher incidence of skin cancer than females (1) (3)
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
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7(b)(iii) An answer that includes three of the following points:
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• as age increase there is more time for mutations to {build up ACCEPT the older you are the more
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/ occur} (1) exposure to risk factors / the more cell
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divisions the more chance of mutations
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• people are spending more time in the sun (1) ACCEPT an example of why this may
happen e.g. going on more holidays in hot
countries
• more UV light reaching the earth's surface (1)
ACCEPT ozone layer depletion
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*7(c) Indicative content:
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Repeatability: Level 1 : comments on the design of the study
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• sample size is small 1 mark = 1 comment
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• smokers are being studied and their sample size is very small* 2 marks = 3 comments
• no statistical data available
• no indication of the location of the individuals (could be a validity Level 2 : comments on the design of the study
comment as well)
3 marks = 4 comments, at least one of which is
Validity: from each category
4 marks = 5 comments, at least one of which is
• mean age at diagnosis is similar but not identical from each category
• there is a greater range of ages for males than females
• no indication of the actual ages of the people Level 3 : comments on the design of the study
• so there could be more people at the extremes in one group and makes at least one link correctly with
• no information about other lifestyle factors repeatability or validity
• e.g. working in polluted environment, living in the city
• no information about non-lifestyle factors 5 marks = 5 comments at least one of which is
• e.g. ethnicity linked to repeatability or validity
• no indication if individuals lived with other smokers (passive 6 marks = 6 comments at least one of which is
smokers) linked to repeatability or validity and includes a
• no indication of how long people been smoking for* specific comment about {smoking /
• no indication of how many cigarettes were smoked by the smokers emphysema}*
each day*
• no indication if the non-smokers had ever smoked previously* ACCEPT reproducible / reliable
• no indication of severity of emphysema* IGNORE accurate / precise
• no indication if emphysema is self-diagnosed or clinical diagnosis* (6)
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Question Answer Mark
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8(a)(i) D nm
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The only correct answer is D.
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A is incorrect because cm would be 1 × 100
B is incorrect because mm would be 1 × 10-1
C is incorrect because µm would be 1 × 10-4 (1)
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8(a)(iii)
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D S:T
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The only correct answer is D.
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A is incorrect because
B is incorrect because
C is incorrect because (1)
• because the sequence of amino acids determine the {tertiary / ACCEPT pieced together
quaternary} structure of the protein (1)
• by determining the {position / type} of bonds that form between ACCEPT a named bond between R
the R groups (1) groups
• {hydrophilic / polar} {(R) groups / amino acids} (on the outside of)
the part of the protein that is {amongst the phosphate heads /
facing the cytoplasm / facing the aqueous environment} (1) (4)
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Question Answer
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*8(c) Indicative content:
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Level 1 :
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Molecule E
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1 mark = 1 relevant comment
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• enters by osmosis 2 marks = 3 relevant comments
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• because it is water
• the number of the molecules F, G and H lower the water potential Level 2 :
• so E moves down the water potential gradient
3 marks = 4 relevant comments for at least two
Molecule F molecules
4 marks = 5 relevant comments for at least two
• enters by facilitated diffusion molecules
• down its concentration gradient
• because it is polar and cannot pass through the fatty acid tails Level 3 :
• therefore needs a protein to provide a polar channel for it to diffuse
through 5 marks = 6 relevant comments for at least three
molecules
Molecule G 6 marks = 7 relevant comments from all four molecules
• enters by diffusion
• because it is at a higher concentration outside the cell
• and it is non-polar so can pass through the fatty acid tails
Molecule H