Intimate Personal Violence in Canada

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Chapter 2: Theoretical Explanations of Violence

2.1 Introduction to Theoretical Explanations of Violence

1. Current frameworks for understanding the causes of intimate personal violence are
considered adequate by professionals in the field if:
a. Singular causes are isolated
b. They simplify the complicated issue
c. Victims are held accountable
d. The explanations are multifaceted
e. They highlight an individual’s choice to be violent

Answer: D Page: 47 Skill: Analytical Difficulty: Moderate Module: 2.1

2. In its explanation of intimate personal violence, the ecological model highlights:

a. Individual factors
b. Family dynamics
c. Neighbourhood conditions
d. Cultural beliefs and social norms
e. The complex interconnections of all the above

Answer: E Page: 47 Skill: Conceptual Difficulty: Moderate Module: 2.1

3. In 1962, the first academic publication to focus on the issue of intimate personal violence was
titled:
a. The Battered Child Syndrome
b. The Battered Wife Syndrome
c. Domestic Violence Unearthed
d. When Love Hurts
e. Silent Scream

Answer: A Page: 47 Skill: Conceptual Difficulty: Easy Module: 2.1

4. At the micro-level, proponents of the ecological model emphasize that:

a. Biology is destiny
b. Violence and aggression are natural urges
c. A child is solely a product of the family environment
d. Multiple, simultaneous influences impact individual development
e. Encounters with teachers and peers often “undo” the work of parents in the home

Answer: D Page: 48 Skill: Analytical Difficulty: Challenging Module: 2.1

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5. Which level of the ecological model best describes “the big picture”?
a. The dynamic level
b. The micro level
c. The mezzo level
d. The macro level
e. The socio-cultural level

Answer: D Page: 50 Skill: Conceptual Difficulty: Easy Module: 2.1

Short Answer question: As presented in the chapter, why is a multi-systems model

advantageous, and preferred over a singular-causal model in studying and explaining intimate
personal violence?
Answers will vary and may include the following:
 It helps to organize the numerous insights, explanations, and perspectives articulated
over the last 40-50 years
 The issue of interpersonal violence is complicated and multifaceted; simple explanations
are therefore inadequate
 Simplistic explanations risk the continuation of victim-blaming
 Singular-causal explanations are counter-productive to addressing the issue and
implementing effective policy and practice
 Understanding why “the choice to be violent survives over four decades of progressive
collective work, knowledge and laws” is challenging and requires a multi-factorial
analysis
Pages: 47-50 Skill: application Difficulty: Average Module: 2.1

2.2 The Macro Level and Violence: The Big Picture

1. Oppression:
a. Is sometimes accidental
b. Occurs any time our choices are restricted
c. Exists when freedom is restricted on the basis of individual failure
d. Has historically been condemned by legislation and policy in Canada
e. Is perpetrated systematically by the dominant group to ensure its superiority and
privilege

Answer: E Page: 51 Skill: Conceptual Difficulty: Easy Module: 2.2

2. According to academic expert Bob Mullaly, oppressors view the oppressed as:
a. A group that must be controlled for the good of society
b. Rebel forces who pose a threat to social order
c. Overly entitled and needy

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 2

 d. Mentally Ill
e. Savages
Answer: A Page: 51 Skill: Analytical Difficulty: Moderate Module: 2.2

3. Which type of oppression excludes entire groups of people from meaningful participation in
society?
a. Cultural Imperialism
b. Exploitation
c. Marginalization
d. Powerlessness
e. Violence
Answer: C Page: 52 Skill: Conceptual Difficulty: Easy Module: 2.2

4. Which type of oppression are you experiencing if, by virtue of being female, your choices and
freedom are restricted due to your constant fear of sexual harassment and attack?
a. Cultural Imperialism
b. Exploitation
c. Marginalization
d. Powerlessness
e. Violence
Answer: E Page: 52 Skill: Analytical Difficulty: Moderate Module: 2.2

5. In June 2010, Aqsa Parvez was killed by her father and brother ‘in the name of honour’
because:
a. She was sexually promiscuous
b. She wanted to marry a man of her own choosing
c. She refused to have an abortion
d. She did not want to wear traditional Muslim clothing
e. She wanted to attend university
Answer: D Page: 56 Skill: Definition Difficulty: Easy Module: 2.2

Short answer question: Define the term patriarchal violence and discuss present day
manifestations of such violence.
Answers will vary and may include the following points:
 Patriarchal violence refers to behaviours, beliefs, and actions, driven by a logic of male
superiority and female inferiority, that result in the perpetuation of women’s
oppression
 Patriarchal violence was exemplified in 2011when a Toronto police officer suggested
that women ought to stop dressing like ‘sluts’ if they did not want to be raped

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 3

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 war of 1878–79. d. 23 Queen’s gate gardens, Kensington 26 June
1879. bur. in nave of Westminster abbey 5 July; statues of him have
been erected in Calcutta and in Waterloo place, London. R. B.
Smith’s Life of Lord Lawrence 2 vols. (1883), 2 portraits; G. B.
Malleson’s Recollections of an Indian official (1872) 1–218; H. A.
Page’s Leaders of men (1880) 367–98; Nolan’s Illust. Hist. of
British empire in India, iii 40 (1860), portrait; I.L.N. xxxiii 156, 162
(1858), portrait; Graphic, xx 29 (1879), portrait.
LAWRENCE, M (dau. of John Cripps of Upton house, Tetbury).
Said to have been b. Bow lane, Cheapside, London 9 Aug. 1758;
bapt. St. Mary, Aldermanbury 15 Aug. 1758; (m. at Streatham 12
Nov. 1783 John Lawrence). She d. Richmond, Surrey 17 Feb. 1862
aged 103 years and 6 months. bur. Ham common, Surrey. W. J.
Thoms’ Human longevity (1879) 266–68.
LAWRENCE, W (son of Thomas Lawrence of St. Agnes,
Cornwall). b. St. Agnes 4 Feb. 1789; a builder at Pitfield wharf,
Commercial road, Lambeth, 30 Bread st. Cheapside and 21 Pitfield
st. Hoxton 1823 to death; member of common council of City of
London before 1837, alderman of Bread st. ward 1848 to death,
sheriff 1849–50; chairman of board of directors of Legal and
Commercial fire and life assurance company; comr. of Tower
Hamlets commission of sewers and of Holborn and Finsbury
commission of sewers; a Unitarian and a great reformer. d. 94
Westbourne terrace, London 25 Nov. 1855.
LAWRENCE, S W , 1 Baronet (brother of Charles Lawrence
1794–1881). b. Cirencester 16 July 1783; apprenticed to John
Abernethy the surgeon 1799, and his demonstrator at St.
Bartholomew’s hosp. 1802–14, assistant surgeon there March 1813,
surgeon 19 May 1824 to 1865, lecturer on surgery 1829–62; F.R.S.
11 Nov. 1813; surgeon to London infirmary for diseases of the eye
1814; surgeon to Bridewell and Bethlehem hospitals 1815;
M.R.C.S. 1805, professor of anatomy and surgery 1815, member of
council 1828, Hunterian orator 1834 and 1846, examiner 1840–67,
pres. 1846 and 1855; surgeon extraordinary to the Queen 1837–58,
serjeant surgeon 24 March 1858 to death; member of general
medical council 1858–63; created baronet 8 April 1867; author of A
treatise on ruptures 1810, 3 ed. 1816, 5 ed. 1838; A short system of
comparative anatomy translated from the German 1807, 2 ed. 1827;
An introduction to comparative anatomy and physiology 1816;
 Lectures on physiology, zoology and the natural history of man
1819, 9 ed. 1848; Lectures on surgery at St. Bartholomew’s hospital
1830; A treatise on the venereal diseases of the eye 1830; A treatise
on the diseases of the eye 1833, 2 ed. 1841; The Hunterian orations
2 vols. 1834 and 1846. d. 18 Whitehall place, London 5 July 1867,
portrait in committee room of St. Bartholomew’s hospital, and bust
in College of Surgeons. Memoir by Sir W. S. Savory in St.
Bartholomew’s Hospital Reports for 1868 pp. 1–18; Traits of
character. By A Contemporary, i 145–66 (1860); Proc. of Royal
Soc. xvi 25–30 (1868); Medical Circular, iv 191–3, 209–10, 227–9
(1854), portrait; W. C. Taylor’s National portrait gallery, ii 29,
portrait; T. J. Pettigrew’s Medical portrait gallery, ii (1840),
portrait.
N .—He married 14 Aug. 1828 Louisa younger dau. of James Senior of Broughton house,
Aylesbury, Bucks. At Drayton green until 1840 and afterwards at Ealing park, she was well
known for her devotion to horticulture. The queen and Prince Albert sometimes visited the
gardens at Ealing, where she at one time received Sir Robert Peel and all the ministers at a fête
given in their honour. She d. Ealing park 14 Aug. 1855.

LAWRENCE, W H . b. 21 Jany. 1793; 2 lieut. R.A. 28 April

1810, captain 2 Feb. 1832, retired on half pay 31 July 1840; held
several government appointments at Corfu. d. Bath 13 March 1884,
probably oldest officer in the R.A.
LAWRENSON, J (son of major Lawrenson). b. Ireland 1801; cornet
13 light dragoons 12 Nov. 1818; lieut. 4 dragoon guards 1822; capt.
17 lancers 1827, major 31 Dec. 1839; lieut.-col. 13 light dragoons
27 June 1845 to 23 June 1848; lieut.-col. 17 lancers 18 April 1851,
on h.p. 30 Sep. 1856; brigadier general in Crimea 30 July 1855 to 2
July 1856; inspector general of cavalry at head quarters of army
1860–65; col. of 8 hussars 22 Feb. 1865, of 13 hussars 10 Dec.
1868 to death; general 2 Nov. 1875; hunted with the Atherstone
hounds 1847–8, afterwards with the Pytchley, then at Brixworth;
rode in military steeple chases. d. Alexandra hotel, Hyde park
corner, London 30 Oct. 1883. Baily’s Mag. xli 367–9, 429 (1883).
LAWRIE, A . b. Edinburgh 26 June 1818; blind from early
infancy; an excellent pianist, composer and virtuoso of music;
organist of St. James’s episcopal church, Edinb. many years, then of
rev. Mr. Kirk’s ch. Brighton st. Edinb.; published many pieces for
the pianoforte; wrote some good hymn tunes. d. Edinburgh, Dec.
1880.
LAWRIE, J A (son of rev. Archibald Lawrie of Loudoun,
friend of Robert Burns the poet). b. 1801 or 1802; M.D. Glasgow,
L. and F.F.P.S. Glasgow; surgeon H.E.I.C.S. Bengal; professor of
surgery in Andersonian univ. Glasgow; professor of surgery in
Glasgow univ. 1850 to death; in practice at 18 Brandon place,
Glasgow; edited with W. Weir The Glasgow Medical Journal, vol. v.
1832; author of Essay on cholera founded on observations of the
disease in India and in Sunderland 1832. d. Bridge of Allan 23 Nov.
1859. Memoirs of one hundred Glasgow men (1886) 171, portrait.
LAWRY, W (son of Joseph Lawry d. 1832). b. Ruthern, St. Gorran,
Cornwall 3 Aug. 1793; Wesleyan minister in New South Wales
1817–20, in Friendly Isles 1820–22, 1823–25, in Van Diemen’s
land 1822–23, in England 1825–43, in New Zealand and Australia
1843 to death; general superintendent of Wesleyan missions in New
Zealand 1844–51; author of Friendly and Feejee islands, a
missionary visit 1850, 2 ed. 1850; A second missionary visit to the
Friendly islands 1851. d. Paramatta, N.S.W. 30 March 1859.
Buller’s Forty years in New Zealand (1878) 314–20.
LAWSON, C G (5 son of Wm. Lawson, Scottish portrait
painter). b. Wellington, Shropshire 3 Dec. 1851; commenced
painting in oils at the age of four; sketched in the open air at the age
of 10, at the age of 14 was selling his sketches to the dealers; made
his first sketching tour in Kent, Surrey and Sussex 1866; landscape
painter; his pictures refused by the Royal Academy 1866, exhibited
13 pictures at R.A. and 5 at Suffolk st. 1869–80; first exhibited at
New British Instit. Bond st. 1868; Cheyne walk, Chelsea, exhibited
at R.A. 1870; his large picture painted at Wrotham in Kent, ‘The
hop gardens of England,’ was not accepted at the R.A. 1875, but in
1876 was hung in a good position. d. 15 Cheyne walk, Chelsea 10
June 1882. bur. Haslemere 17 June. Cecil Lawson, a memoir. By E.
W. Gosse (1883), portrait; Graphic, xxvi 68 (1882), portrait; I.L.N.
lxxxi 56 (1882), portrait; London Society, xliii 345 (1882), portrait.
LAWSON, H (younger son of Johnson Lawson, dean of Battle, d.
25 Nov. 1778). b. Greenwich 23 March 1774; apprenticed to
Edward Nairne of Cornhill, optician, his mother’s third husband;
member of Spectacle makers’ company, and twice master; one of
original members of Askesian society 1796; lived at Hereford
1823–41, equipped an observatory there with a five-foot refractor
1826 and with one of 11 feet 1834, the finest telescope ever made
 by Dollond, he afterwards presented the latter to royal naval school
at Greenwich; removed to 7 Lansdown crescent, Bath 1841 where
he formed an observatory on the roof of his house; silver medallist
of Royal soc. of arts for his invention of an observing chair called
Reclinea; F.R. Astron. Soc. 1833; F.R.S. 21 May 1840; published
Register of the quantity of rain that has fallen in the city of Hereford
1836; A paper on the arrangement of an observatory 1844. d. 7
Lansdown crescent, Bath 23 Aug. 1855.
LAWSON, J . b. Glasgow 9 Nov. 1799; ed. at Glasgow univ.;
entered counting house of his uncle at New York 1815; partner in a
mercantile house which failed 1826; associate editor of Morning
Courier 1827–9 and of Mercantile Advertiser 1829–33; marine
insurance agent in New York 1833; author of Tales and sketches. By
A Cosmopolite. New York 1830; Poems. Gleanings from spare
hours of a business life. New York 1857; Giordano, a tragedy
produced at Park theatre, New York, Nov. 1828; Liddesdale or the
border chief, a tragedy 1859; contributed many articles to
periodicals. d. Yonkers, New York 20 March 1880. Wilson’s Poets
and poetry of Scotland, ii 208–10 (1876).
LAWSON, J A (eld. son of James Lawson). b. Waterford
1817; ed. at Waterford and Trin. coll. Dublin, scholar 1836, senior
moderator 1837, gold medallist; B.A. 1838, LLB. 1841, LLD. 1850;
Whately professor of political economy 1840–45; called to Irish bar
1840; Q.C. 29 Jany. 1857; bencher of King’s Inns 1861; legal
adviser to the crown in Ireland 1858–9; solicitor general for Ireland
Feb. 1861, attorney general 1865 to 1866; P.C. Ireland 1865;
suppressed the ‘Irish People’ newspaper 1865; contested Univ. of
Dublin 1857; M.P. Portarlington 1865–8; contested Portarlington
1868; justice of Court of Common Pleas, Ireland, Dec. 1868; justice
of Queen’s Bench division June 1882 to death; an Irish church
comr. July 1869; P.C. 18 May 1870; a comr. for the great seal
March to Dec. 1874; Patrick Delany attempted to murder him while
walking in Kildare st. Dublin 11 Nov. 1882; author of Five lectures
on political economy 1844; author with H. Connor of Reports of
cases in high court of chancery of Ireland during the time of lord
chancellor Sugden 1865. d. Shankhill near Dublin 10 Aug. 1887.
Irish Law Times, xi 464 (1887).
LAWSON, J J (2 son of James Lawson of Norwood). b. 1802;
publisher of the Times newspaper to death. d. Downshire hill,
 Hampstead 24 March 1852. The Times testimonial. Report of the
trial Bogle versus Lawson 1841; The Nelson sword v. Lord
Denman’s law. The summing up of the judge in Evans versus
Lawson for libel 1848.
LAWSON, J P . Minister in episcopal church of Scotland;
chaplain in the army; lived in Edinburgh; author of The life of
George Wishart of Pitarrow. Edinb. 1827; Life and times of William
Laud, archbishop of Canterbury 2 vols. 1829; The Roman Catholic
church in Scotland 1836; History of the Scottish episcopal church
from the revolution to the present time. Edinb. 1843; Scotland
delineated in a series of views, with letter press by J. P. Lawson 2
vols. 1847–54, 2 ed. 1858. d. 1852.
LAWSON, L . b. 1824; ed. in Germany; inherited a fortune from his
father; established a manufactory of printing ink at St. Ouen,
France, where he made a fortune, and then sold business; printing
ink manufacturer at 1 Bouverie st. Fleet st. and at Old Ford, Bow;
purchased a large share in The Daily Telegraph, but never took any
active part in management of the paper. d. 2 Brook st. Hanover sq.
London 20 Sep. 1879, personalty sworn under £900,000, 11 Oct.
1879. I.L.N. lxxv 361, 362 (1879), portrait.
LAWSON, S W , 1 Baronet (5 son of Thomas Wybergh of
Clifton hall, Westmoreland 1757–1827). b. Bramhope hall,
Yorkshire 5 Oct. 1795; ed. at Trin. coll. Camb.; assumed name of
Lawson by r.l. 26 Sep. 1812 on inheriting estate of his maternal
uncle sir W. Lawson; sheriff of Cumberland 1820; cr. baronet 30
Sep. 1831. d. Brayton, Cumberland 12 June 1867.
LAWSON, W . b. Lanark; a ploughboy; entered the army 1837; a
non-commissioned officer 1839–54; served through Crimean war
1854–6; ensign 42nd (Royal Highland) foot 5 Nov. 1854, captain 10
Aug. 1858 to death, instructor of musketry to his regiment 1856;
left England for Calcutta, Aug. 1857; commanded the picket of 37
men which defended themselves against 2000 rebels on the banks of
the Suarda 15 Jany. 1858. d. Nynee Tal, Bengal 18 Aug. 1859.
LAWSON, S W , 1 Baronet (2 son of John Wright of Kelvedon
hall, Essex 1763–1826). b. Middleton lodge, Middleton Tyas,
Yorkshire 8 May 1796; assumed by r.l. name of Lawson in lieu of
Wright 5 May 1834; cr. a baronet 8 Sep. 1841; received order of
 Christ from Pope Gregory XVI. 1844. d. Brough hall, Catterick,
Yorkshire 22 June 1865.
LAWSON, W J . Ed. at Christ’s hospital, London till 16 years
old; clerk in banking house of Barclay, Bevan & Co. 15 years; a
founder of The Bank of London 1855; established Lawson’s
Merchant’s magazine, statist and commercial review 1852; author
of History of banking in Scotland 1845; The history of banking
1850, 2 ed. 1855; A handy-book on the law of banking 1859, this
work was suppressed and 1500 copies destroyed, 16th thousand of
an altered edition 1871; The bank of England as it is and as it ought
to be 1865; living in London in March 1865.
LAWTON, G . b. Manchester, Feb. 1808; a scholar in Bennett st.
Sunday sch., a teacher, a superintendent, senior visitor and manager
March 1848 to death; librarian Manchester mechanics’ institution
1832–45; collector of Manchester royal infirmary 1845 to death;
director of Mechanics’ institution 1850. d. Stretford, Manchester 7
Sep. 1853. G. Milner’s ed. of B. Braidley’s Bennett st. memorials.
Manchester (1880) 194–228, portrait.
LAWTON, G . b. York 6 May 1779; admitted a proctor 3 Nov.
1808; a solicitor and notary public at York to 1863; registrar of
archdeaconry of East Riding of Yorkshire; author of The Marriage
act 4 George IV. c. 76, 1823; A brief treatise of Bona Notabilia
1825; Collectio rerum ecclesiasticarum 2 vols. 1840, 2 ed. 1842;
The religious houses of Yorkshire 1853. d. Nunthorpe near York 2
Dec. 1869.
LAXTON, W (son of Wm. Robert Laxton, surveyor). b. London
30 March 1802; ed. at Christ hospital; surveyed and laid down
several lines of railway; constructed water works at Falmouth 1848
and at Stonehouse; joint engineer with Robert Stephenson of the
Watford water company for supplying London with water from the
chalk formation; projected and edited The civil engineer and
architect’s journal a monthly periodical Oct. 1837, purchased a
weekly journal called The architect and building gazette which he
united to The civil engineer; laid out large part of Hove, Brighton;
surveyor to the Farmers’ and General fire and life insurance
company 1840 to death; author of The improved builder’s price
book 1828; The builder’s price book 1844. d. 19 Arundel st. Strand,
 London 31 May 1854. Civil Engineer, July 1854 pp. 270–1; G.M.
Aug. 1854 pp. 199–200.
LAYARD, F P . b. 6 May 1818; ensign 19 Bengal N.I. 3
Dec. 1838, captain 30 April 1851 to 11 March 1864; lieut.-col.
Bengal staff corps 11 March 1864, placed on unemployed
supernumerary list 1 July 1881; general 22 Jany. 1889; author of A
Hugenot relic, an ivory box with the arms of Charles de Nocé and
Marguerite de Rembouillet 1886, d. 3 Cavendish road, St. John’s
Wood, London 21 May 1891.
LAYARD, W T . b. 4 Aug. 1813; ensign Ceylon rifle
regiment 22 Feb. 1833, lieut.-col. 12 June 1859 to 3 Feb. 1872
when placed on h.p.; L.G. 1 Oct. 1877; placed on retired list with
hon. rank of general 1 July 1881. d. Friedland, Wandsworth,
London 16 Jany. 1891.
LAYCOCK, J C . b. Appleton near York 6 May 1796; solicitor
Huddersfield 1820–76, clerk to the justices 1828–72, presented with
a silver salver; clerk to the borough bench 1868–72; a large donor to
the parish ch. schools; president of Huddersfield infirmary 1860 to
death; the last survivor of the original shareholders in Huddersfield
banking co. d. Huddersfield 17 Feb. 1885. Hulbert’s Supplementary
annals of Almondbury (1885) 133–7; Solicitors’ Journal 14 March
1885 p. 326.
LAYCOCK, R (only son of Joseph Laycock of Low Gosforth hall,
Northumberland, b. 1798, d. 2 Aug. 1881, personalty sworn under
£464,000, 14 Jany. 1882). b. Winlaton, co. Durham 1833; ed. Trin.
coll. Camb., B.A. 1856, M.A. 1859; barrister I.T. 17 Nov. 1857;
sheriff of Notts. 1878; contested North Notts. 26 Feb. 1872 and
Nottingham 5 Feb. 1874; M.P. North Lincoln, April 1880 to death.
d. Eastbourne 14 Aug. 1881.
LAYCOCK, T (son of rev. Thomas Laycock, Wesleyan minister,
d. 1833). b. Wetherby, Yorkshire 10 Aug. 1812; ed. at Wesleyan
academy, Woodhouse Grove and Univ. coll. London; M.R.C.S.
1835; M.D. Göttingen 1839; sec. of the British Assoc. 1844;
lecturer on clinical medicine at York school of medicine 1846;
professor of practice of physic, univ. of Edin. 5 Nov. 1855 to death,
being the only Englishman ever elected; F.R.S. Edin. 1861; phys. in
ordinary to the Queen for Scotland 1 Oct. 1869 to death; author of
A treatise on the nervous diseases of women 1840; Lectures on the
 principles and methods of medical observation and research. Edinb.
1856, 2 ed. 1864; Mind and Brain, or the correlations of
consciousness and organisation. Edinb. 2 vols. 1859, 2 ed. 1869,
and of 300 articles in medical journals. d. 13 Walker st. Edinburgh
21 Sep. 1876. Revue des cours scientifiques, ii 808 (1876); Slugg’s
Woodhouse Grove school (1885) 211, 276.
LAYTON, F W H (son of Thomas Layton d.
1844). b. 1805; ed. at Shrewsbury and Peter house, Camb., B.A.
1828; C. of Wem, Shropshire, resigned 1835; angel of Catholic
Apostolic ch. Duncan st. Islington 14 July 1835 to death; author of
The instant coming of our Lord Jesus Christ 1866; On the
decadence and fall of Christendom 1868; The parables of Christ
considered with reference to their meaning by H. W. J. Thiersch, a
translation 1869; On spiritual and true worship 1871. d. 11
Highbury grove, London 21 Oct. 1878.
LAYTON, H (2 son of rev. Thomas Layton, V. of Chigwell, Essex,
d. 1833). b. Chigwell 2 Feb. 1799; entered navy 3 May 1812;
captain 9 Nov. 1846; retired R.A. 15 June 1864; retired admiral 1
Aug. 1877. d. Castle hill, Reading 3 March 1882. O’Byrne p. 640.
LEA, G (son of John Lea, carpet manufacturer). b. Kidderminster
22 Oct. 1804; ed. Wadham coll. Oxf., B.A. 1826, M.A. 1829; C. of
Waddington, Lincs. 1827–9; P.C. Christ Church, Birmingham
1840–64; preb. of Lichfield cath. 1840–64; V. of St. George’s,
Edgbaston 1864, resigned 25 March 1883; leader of the evangelical
party in Birmingham; author of Memoir of rev. John Davis, rector
of St. Clement’s, Worcester 1859; Sermons preached in memory of
G. Lea, to which are added his last two sermons 1883. d. Edgbaston
10 May 1883. Edgbastonia, June 1883 pp. 81–3, portrait.
LEA, W (1 son of William Lea of Stone, Warwickshire). b. 1 Dec.
1820; ed. Rugby and at Brasenose coll. Oxf.; rowed No. 6 in the
Oxford boat against Cambridge 14 April 1841; B.A. 1842, M.A.
1859; V. of St. Peter’s, Droitwich 1849–87; hon. canon of Worcester
1858–81; archdeacon of Worcester May 1881 to death; author of
Sermons on the prayer book preached in Rome 1866; Small farms,
how they can be made to answer by fruit growing 1872; Church
plate in the archdeaconry of Worcester 1884. d. Orchardlea,
Droitwich 24 Sep. 1889.
LEACH, A . L.S.A. 1883; L.R.C.S. Edinb. 1884; M.D. and C.M.
Aberdeen 1888; M.R.C.P. Edinb. 1889; assistant house surgeon
Rotherham hospital; house phys. Bath hospital; phys. Pimlico road
free dispensary, London to death; invented a flexible cautery; a
good linguist, speaking Arabic, Italian and French; author of The
quadrangle by moonlight, or meditations in Marischal college.
Aberdeen 1879; The letter H, past, present and future: a treatise
with rules for the silent H, and notes on WH. 1880. d. 21 Belgrave
road, London 14 Sep. 1892 aged 35.
LEACH, J . b. 1784; ensign 70 foot 7 Aug. 1801, captain 1804;
captain 95th rifles 1 May 1806; major rifle brigade 9 Sep. 1819,
sold out 24 Oct. 1821; lieut.-col. in the army 18 June 1815; C.B. 22
June 1815; served in the West Indies 1803–5, at siege of
Copenhagen 1807, in the Peninsula and France 1808–14, present at
Quatre Bras and Waterloo; author of Rough sketches of the life of
an old soldier 1831; Sketches of the services of the rifle brigade
from its formation to Waterloo 1838; Rambles along the Styx 1847.
d. Worthing 14 Jany. 1855.
LEACH, R H (2 son of Thomas Leach of 58 Doughty st.
London). b. 1814; entered office of Registrar of court of chancery
1832, senior registrar 1868–82; largely assisted in drawing up the
Chancery funds rules of 1872 and 1874; one of the editors of H. W.
Seton’s Forms of decrees in equity 2 ed. 1854, 3 ed. 2 vols. 1862
and 4 ed. 2 vols. in 3, 1877–9. d. Ernstein house, Tunbridge Wells 4
Aug. 1883.
LEACH, W T . b. Berwick-on-Tweed 2 March 1805; ed.
at univ. of Edinb.; pastor of St. Andrew’s presbyterian church,
Toronto 1832; joined Church of England and became the first
incumbent of St. George’s, Montreal 1841; fellow, dean of the
faculty of arts, professor of logic and moral philosophy and Molson
professor of English literature in University McGill coll. Montreal;
canon of Ch. Ch. cath. Montreal 1854–65; archdeacon of Montreal
1865 to death; author of Discourse on the nature and duties of the
military profession 1840; Introductory lecture for the Mercantile
Library association 1854. d. 16 University st. Montreal 13 Oct.
1886.
LEADAM, T R . b. 22 Nov. 1809; ed. Merchant Taylors’
sch. and at Guy’s hospital; L.S.A. 1830; M.R.C.S. 1832; L.R.C.P.
 Edinb. 1837; author of Case of hydrophobia treated
homœopathically 1849; Homœopathy as applied to the diseases of
females and of early childhood 1851; The diseases of women
homœopathically treated 2 ed. 1874; A popular treatise on the safe
management of labour 1876. d. 1879.
LEADBETTER, J . b. Penicuik on the Esk river 2 May 1788; clerk in
a Glasgow firm, became a partner; established John Leadbetter &
Co., linen manufacturers 1815, had branch houses in Dundee and
Belfast; lord dean of guild, Glasgow 1844–5; erected a building for
the Glasgow Mechanics’ institution; chairman of Edinburgh and
Glasgow railway opened 1842; retired from business 1848. d.
Glenallon, Torquay 17 March 1865. Memoirs of 100 Glasgow men,
ii 173–6 (1886), portrait.
LEADBITTER, G . b. Hexham 1787; one of the officers at Bow st.
police court 1832, much employed in post office and bank business;
was 6 feet 2½ inches in height and weighed 19 stone; resided in
Longacre; succeeded John Townsend (who d. 10 July 1832 aged 73)
in heading the police who attended the king on public occasions;
had 25 guineas a year from the Doncaster corporation to attend the
autumn meetings and preserve order in the grand stand enclosure
1832–52 where he was the means of securing many criminals, also
engaged at Epsom; defendant in case of Wood v. Leadbitter in Court
of exchequer 1845 respecting his expelling from the grand stand by
order of the stewards one Wood a defaulter; killed by being
overturned in a cab near The Bag of Nails tavern, 1 Victoria road,
Pimlico 3 Dec. 1852. bur. Brompton cemetery. Sporting Review,
xxix 71–2, 292 (1853); The Town, i 22 (1837); Times 7 Dec. 1852 p.
5 col. 3; 13 Meeson and Welsby’s Reports pp. 838–56 (1845).
LEADER, N P (eld. son of Nicholas Philpot Leader d.
1836). b. 1808; ed. Trin. coll. Dublin, B.A. 1830; M.P. co. Cork
1861–68; of Dromagh castle, co. Cork. d. London 31 March 1880.
LEADER, R (son of Robert Leader of Sheffield, bookseller, d.
1861). b. Carver st. Sheffield 4 Oct. 1809; apprentice in office of
Sheffield Iris to 1830; proprietor with his father of Sheffield and
Rotherham Independent from Jany. 1830, sole proprietor 1842 till
1875 when he made it over to his two sons, editor till 1875; a town
trustee 1860, a town councillor 1876 and alderman 1880. d. Moor
 End, Sheffield 31 Oct. 1885. bur. Burngreave cemet. 4 Nov.
Sheffield Independent 31 Oct., 2, 5 Nov. 1885.
LEAF, W . b. 1791 or 1792; warehouseman at 39 Old Change, city
of London 1821–74; made a large collection of water-colour
pictures and drawings, sold at Christie’s 6–8 May 1875. d. Park hill,
Streatham common, Surrey 3 July 1874.
LEAHY, A (7 son of John Leahy of South Hill, Killarney 1770–
1846). b. 5 Aug. 1830; 2 lieut. R.E. 27 June 1848, lieut.-col. 10
Dec. 1873 to death; present at battles of Alma and Inkerman;
D.A.Q.G. for the R.E.; assistant director of works in fortification
branch of the war office 1864; instructor of field works at school of
military engineering, Chatham 13 Nov. 1871; second in command
of the R.E. at Gibraltar, March 1876; colonel in the army 1 Oct.
1877. d. Netley hospital, Southampton 13 July 1878.
LEAHY, E D . b. London 1797; portrait and subject painter;
painted portraits of Duke of Sussex, Marquess of Bristol and of
many prominent Irishmen; exhibited 33 pictures at R.A., 25 at B.I.
and 1 at Suffolk st. 1820–52; lived in Italy 1837–43. d. Brighton 9
Feb. 1875.
LEAHY, J (brother of Arthur Leahy 1830–78). b. 1810; ed. at Trin.
coll. Dublin, B.A. 1830; called to bar in Ireland 1833; Q.C. 1 Aug.
1859; chairman of quarter sessions for co. Limerick 1864 to death.
d. Newcastle West, Ireland 13 Oct. 1874. Irish law times, viii 549,
553 (1874).
LEAHY, J P (son of Daniel Leahy). b. Cork 25 June 1802; ed. at
Cork and Bloomfield near Dublin; studied at Corpo Santo, Lisbon,
entered order of St. Dominic there 8 Sep. 1817, professed 9 Sep.
1818; acting rector of Corpo Santo, Oct. 1829 to 1836; prior of
Dominican convent, Cork 3 times; prior provincial of Irish
Dominicans, June 1848; coadjutor bishop of Dromore 14 July 1854,
consecrated in St. Mary’s cath. Cork 1 Oct. 1854; bishop of
Dromore 29 Feb. 1860 to death; author of The book of the rosary to
which is annexed the rule of the third order of St. Dominick. Dublin
1842. d. Newry 6 Sep. 1890. Brady’s Episcopal succession, i 305
(1876), ii 365 (1876).
LEAHY, P (son of Patrick Leahy, civil engineer). b. near Thurles,
Tipperary 31 May 1806; ed. Maynooth; C. of Scartheen, Cashel;
 professor of theology St. Patrick’s coll. Thurles, pres. of college;
one of secretaries of synod of Thurles 22 Aug. 1850, priest of
Thurles; preb. of diocese of Cashel, then precentor; vice-rector of
Catholic univ. of Ireland at establishment 18 May 1854, also
professor of sacred scripture 1854–7; archbishop of Cashel 27 April
1857 to death, consecrated 29 June; issued address condemning
agrarian murders 16 May 1869; cathedral at Thurles built by his
energy at cost of £45,000, commenced 1857, consecrated 21 June
1879, when 21 bishops and 280 priests were present. d. near Thurles
26 Jany. 1875. bur. Thurles cathedral. 3 Feb. I.L.N. lxvi 139 (1875).
LEAKE, J M (eld. son of John Martin Leake of Thorpe near
Colchester, Essex, d. 7 April 1836 aged 97). b. 5 Dec. 1773; ed. at
St. John’s coll. Camb.; barrister M.T. 24 Nov. 1797, bencher 1836
to death; chairman of Essex quarter sessions. d. Thorpe hall, Essex
16 May 1862.
LEAKE, S L S (youngest son of Luke Leake of Stoke
Newington, Middlesex). b. 1828; went to Western Australia 1833,
member of legislative council of W.A., and the first speaker 26 June
1872 to death; knighted by patent 19 Aug. 1876. d. Welbeck st.
Cavendish sq. London 1 May 1886.
LEAKE, R M . Ensign 14 foot 2 Oct. 1805; captain 63 foot
14 Feb. 1811, major 18 July 1822 to 26 Oct. 1824 when placed on
h.p.; general 25 Oct. 1871. d. Woodhurst, Oxted, Surrey 26 Aug.
1873.
LEAKE, W M (brother of John Martin Leake 1773–1862).
b. Bolton row, Mayfair, London 14 Jany. 1777; 1 lieut. R.A. 14
Aug. 1794, lieut.-col. 29 July 1820, sold out 1823; served in West
Indies 1794–9 and with Turkish army in Egypt 1800; made a
general survey of Egypt 1801–2; surveyed the Morea and Northern
Greece 1805–7; sent on a mission to Ali Pacha 1808; sent as
resident to the Swiss confederation 1815; granted £600 per annum 5
Jany. 1812 in consideration of his services in Turkey since 1799;
F.R.S. 13 April 1815; F.R.G.S.; D.C.L. Oxf. 26 June 1816 collected
in Greece, bronzes, vases, gems and coins, now in the Fitzwilliam
museum, Cambridge; author of The topography of Athens 1821, 2
ed. 2 vols. 1841; Journal of a tour in Asia Minor 1824; An historical
outline of the Greek revolution 1825, 2 ed. 1826; Numismata
Hellenica 1854, supplement 1859; author with C. P. Yorke of Les
 principaux monumens Egyptiens du musée Britannique 1827. d.
Brighton 6 Jany. 1860. bur. Kensal Green cemet. London. J. H.
Marsden’s Memoir of W. M. Leake (1864); Numismatic Chronicle,
xx 35–8; Proc. of Royal Soc. xi 7–9 (1860).
LEAKEY, C W (4 dau. of the succeeding). b. Exeter 8
March 1827; lived at Hobart Town, Tasmania with her married
sister 1847–53; wrote in The Sunday at Home 1854, Girls Own
Paper and other periodicals; established the Exeter Home and
rescue 1861 and worked for it to 1881; author of Lyra Australis, or
attempts to sing in a strange land 1854; The broad arrow, being
passages from the history of Maida Gwynnham, a Lifer. By Oline
Keese 1859, new ed. 1886; God’s Tenth 1861, the first of a series of
new year addresses 1861–81; Fine weather Dick and other sketches
1882. d. Exeter 12 July 1881. Clear Shining Light, a memoir of C.
W. Leakey. By Emily Leakey (1882).
LEAKEY, J (son of John Leakey of Exeter, wool merchant). b.
Exeter 20 Sep. 1775; painter at Exeter of portraits, miniatures,
landscapes and small interiors; painted miniatures in oils on ivory;
lived in London 1821–5; exhibited 12 pictures at R.A. 1821–46,
including The Marvellous Tale 1821, The Fortune Teller 1822 and
The Distressed Wife 1846. d. Exeter 16 Feb. 1865. G. Pycroft’s Art
in Devonshire (1883) 82–5.
LEAPINGWELL, G . b. 1801; ed. at C.C. coll. Camb., B.A. 1823,
M. A. 1826, LLD. 1851; esquire bedel of univ. of Camb. 1826 to
death; barrister I.T. 25 June 1830; comr. of bankrupts for
Cambridge and district; deputy recorder for Cambridge; deputy
judge of borough court of pleas, Cambridge; deputy professor of
political economy at Camb.; author of A manual of the Roman civil
law, arranged after the analysis of Dr. Hallifax. Camb. 1859. d.
Cambridge 24 Dec. 1863. Gent. Mag. xvi 264, 400 (1864).
LEAR, E . b. Holloway, London 12 May 1812; the youngest of 21
children; made tinted drawings of birds, &c. 1827, which he sold at
from 9d. to 4s. each; draughtsman in gardens of Zoological Society
1831; engaged at Knowsley residence of Earl of Derby 1832–6,
drew the plates for The Knowsley Menagerie 1846; a drawing
master at Rome 1837 etc.; originator of the nonsense verse of which
he published 4 volumes; travelled in South Europe and Palestine
sketching 1847 etc.; gave drawing lessons to the Queen about 1840;
 exhibited 19 pictures at R.A., 5 at B.I. and 4 at Suffolk st. 1836–73;
Tennyson wrote verses addressed To E. Lear on his travels in
Greece in ‘Travels in Albania’ 1846; author of Illustrations of the
family of the Psittacidæ 1832; Views in Rome and its environs
1841; Illustrated excursions in Italy 1846; The Book of Nonsense
1846, 27 ed. 1889; Journal of a landscape painter in Albania 1851;
published Poems and songs by A. Tennyson, set to music by E. L.,
London 1859, nine numbers. d. Villa Tennyson, San Remo 29 Jany.
1888. Tennyson’s Poems illustrated by E. Lear (1889), portrait; E.
Lear’s Nonsense songs and stories 6 ed. (1888) memoir pp. 5–7.
LEARED, A . b. Wexford 1822; ed. at Trin. coll. Dublin, B.A.
1845, M.B. 1847, M.D. 1860; admitted M.D. at Oxford 7 Feb.
1861; physician in co. Wexford; went to India 1851; practised in
London 1852; M.R.C.P. 1854, F.R.C.P. 1871; phys. to British civil
hospital at Smyrna during Crimean war 1854–6; visited Iceland 4
times 1862–74, America 1870, and Morocco 1872, 1877 and 1879;
identified site of Roman station, Volubilis; claimed to have invented
the double stethoscope; author of The causes and treatment of
imperfect digestion 1860, 7 ed. 1882 with portrait; Morocco and the
Moors 1876, 2 ed. 1891; A visit to the court of Morocco 1879. d. 12
Old Burlington st. London 16 Oct. 1879. Proc. of Royal Geog. Soc.
(1879) 802; British Medical Journal 25 Oct. 1879 pp. 663–4.
LEARMONTH, A (1 son of the succeeding). b. Edinburgh 26
Aug. 1829; ed. at Eton, matric. from Univ. coll. Oxf. 17 March
1847; a student I.T. 1847; cornet 17 lancers 21 Aug. 1849, major 30
Sep. 1856, lieut.-col. 1 July 1859, sold out same day; served in the
Crimea and in the Indian mutiny; hon. col. Midlothian rifle
volunteers 18 June 1879 to death; M.P. Colchester 1870–80. d. 44
Park lane, London 10 March 1887. The Times 11 March 1887 p. 8.
LEARMONTH, J . b. 1789; coach builder 4 Princes st. Edinburgh,
where he made a large fortune; built at his own expense the Dean
bridge across the water of Leith, finished in 1833; lord provost of
Edinb. 1832–3; contested city of Edinb. 31 May 1834. d. 6 Moray
place, Edinb. 17 Dec. 1858. Crombie’s Modern Athenians (1882)
152–3, portrait.
LEASH, W . b. England 1812; a clerk and book-keeper; a clerk in
Edinburgh, returned to England about 1839; Congregational
minister at Dover to 1846, at Esher st. Kennington, London 1846–
 57, at Ware, Herts., then at Maberly chapel, Kingsland 1865; edited
the Christian Weekly News; edited the Christian Times 1864, and
The Rainbow a magazine 1864–5; author of The Hall of Vision, a
poem in three books. Manchester 1837; Philosophical Lectures.
Dover 1846; The great redemption, an essay on the mediatorial
system 1849; The beauties of the Bible 1852, 2 ed. 1856; Lays of
the future 1853. d. Sandringham road, West Hackney, London 6
Nov. 1884. Struggles for life: an autobiography (1864).
LEATHAM, W H (2 child of Wm. Leatham, banker, d.
1842). b. Wakefield 6 July 1815; entered his father’s bank 1834;
banker at Wakefield and Pontefract 1836, retired 1851; contested
Wakefield 9 July 1852; M.P. for Wakefield 2 May 1859 by three
votes, unseated on petition and writ suspended until 1862; M.P. for
Wakefield 1865–8; M.P. for West riding of Yorkshire, southern
division 1880–5; a Quaker but joined Church of England in 1843;
purchased Hemsworth hall near Pontefract 1851; author of Poems
1840; Strafford, a tragedy 1842; Oliver Cromwell, a drama 1843;
The Batuecas, also Francisco Alvarez and other poems 1844; Tales
of English life and Miscellanies 2 vols. 1858. d. Carleton near
Pontefract 14 Nov. 1889. Biograph, v 209–213 (1881); Colburn’s
New monthly mag. vol. 168 p. 421, portrait; I.L.N. 1880 p. 41,
portrait.
LEATHER, J T (1 son of James Leather, colliery
proprietor, d. 1849). b. Yorkshire 30 Aug. 1804; engineer of
Sheffield waterworks 1833; contractor with Mr. Waring 1839, made
Chester and Crewe section of London and North Western line; sole
contractor for Erewash valley line of the Midland 1847–50;
constructed the dam and the siphons for the repairs of the Middle
Level 1862; constructor of the Portland breakwater 1849–56 and of
the Sea forts at Spithead 1861–72; made the extension of the
Portsmouth dock yard costing £2,000,000, 1867–77; M.I.C.E. 23
Feb. 1836; F.S.A. 11 Feb. 1869; sheriff of Northumberland 1875. d.
Leventhorpe hall near Leeds 6 June 1885. Min. of proc. of Instit. of
C.E. lxxxiii 433–6 (1886).
LEATHER, J W (eld. son of George Leather, M.I.C.E.). b.
near Leeds 26 April 1810; entered his father’s office and was with
him engaged on the Leeds water supply works 1833–51 and on the
Bradford water supply 1838–57; employed on the Fen drainage
1845; engineer of Aire and Calder navigation; made Hartlepool and
 Stockton railway 1838–41 which included the Greatham viaduct of
92 arches; laid out Birmingham, Dudley and Wolverhampton
railway 1835; retired from business 1877; M.I.C.E. 6 March 1849;
author of Report to the Leeds town council on an effectual sewerage
for Leeds 1845. d. De Grey lodge, Leeds 31 Jany. 1887. Min. of
proc. of Instit. of C.E. lxxxix 473–9 (1887).
LEATHERLAND, J A. (son of a carpenter). b. Kettering 11 May
1812; a shoemaker, a loom weaver, a ribbon weaver 1829–37, a
velvet weaver, a maker of velvet waistcoats which he sold
throughout the county till 1850; local reporter to Northampton
Herald 1849 and other newspapers; living in High st. Kettering in
1869; author of Psyche, a prize essay on the immateriality of the
mind and the immortality of the soul. Northampton 1853; On
courtesy. Essay xiii. in J. Cassell’s Social Science 1861; Essays and
poems, with a brief autobiographical memoir 1862, memoir pp. 1–
39. d. probably before 1877.
LEATHES, E J , stage name of Edmund Donaldson (2 son of
John William Donaldson, D.D., Greek scholar 1811–61). b. Bury St.
Edmunds 23 March 1847; ed. Marlborough 1861–64 where he won
the mile race in 4 min. 38 sec.; sheep farming in New Zealand;
studied medicine in Edinb.; acted at Old Theatre royal, Dublin,
April 1869 and then in Sydney, New Zealand, Honolulu, San
Francisco, Nevada, New York and Boston; at Princess’s theatre,
London 1 March 1873 as Gratiano in Merchant of Venice; acted
James Annesley in C. Reade’s The Wandering Heir, Queen’s theatre
15 Nov. 1873; played Laertes 200 nights Lyceum 30 Oct. 1874 to
29 June 1875 and Matthew Hawker in Human Nature, Drury Lane
12 Sep. 1885; a teacher of the dramatic art and literature; wrote The
actor’s wife a novel 3 vols. 1880 and An actor abroad or gossip
from the recollections of an actor in Australia, New Zealand, &c.
1883; produced his blank verse play For king and country, at Gaiety
1 May 1883 and another drama The actor’s wife. d. Tenterfield,
Bina gardens, South Kensington, London 6 June 1891. Illust. Sport.
and Dram. News 4 May 1878 p. 149, portrait.
LE BAS, C W (son of Charles Le Bas, linen draper). b. 20
New Bond st. London 26 April 1779; ed. at Hyde abbey school near
Winchester; entered Trin. coll. Camb. 1796, scholar, Craven scholar
1799 and member’s prizeman, fellow 1801–14; fourth wrangler,
B.A. and chancellor’s medallist 1800; barrister L.I. 1806; ordained
 deacon 1809; R. of St. Paul’s, Shadwell 1811; preb. of Lincoln cath.
23 May 1812; professor of mathematics and dean in East India
college, Haileybury 1813, principal 1837 to 31 Dec. 1843; the Le
Bas prize at Cambridge for the best essay on an historical subject
was founded in 1848 by his old pupils at cost of £1920; wrote
nearly 80 articles for The British Critic 1827–38; author of
Considerations on miracles 1828; Sermons on various occasions 3
vols. 1822–34; The life of Thomas Fanshaw Middleton, bishop of
Calcutta 2 vols. 1831; Memoir of Henry Vincent Bailey, archdeacon
of Stow 1846; Life of Wicliff 1832; Life of Cranmer 1833; Life of
Jewel 1835 and Life of Laud 1836, being vols. 1, 4, 5, 11 and 13 of
The Theological Library edited by H. J. Rose and W. R. Lyall. d. 74
Montpelier road, Brighton 25 Jany. 1861.
LE BLANC, H . b. 1776; ensign 71 foot 9 July 1792, major 12 June
1806; lieut.-col. 5 veteran battalion 5 Feb. 1807 to 1814 when
battalion was reduced and he retired on full pay; major of Chelsea
hospital 22 Sep. 1814 to death; colonel in the army 28 Nov. 1854;
served at siege of Pondicherry and capture of Cape of Good Hope
1806; lost a leg at capture of Buenos Ayres 1807. d. Clifton Down,
Bristol 13 July 1855. Particulars of the investigation at the Royal
hospital, Chelsea, upon charges brought by the Major against the
apothecary 1830.
LE BRETON, A L (dau. of Charles Rochemont Aikin,
surgeon). b. 4 Broad st. buildings, London 30 June 1808; edited
Correspondence of W. E. Channing and Lucy Aikin 1874; author of
Memoirs of Mrs. Barbauld 1874; Memories of seventy years. By
One of a literary family [Mrs. Le Breton], edited by Mrs. Hubert
Martin 1883. (m. 6 Aug. 1833 the succeeding). d. 6 Worsley road,
Hampstead 29 Sep. 1885. Memoirs of Seventy years (1883) 3, 135
et seq.
LE BRETON, P H (eld. son of rev. Philip Le Breton, R. of St.
Saviour’s, Jersey). b. St. Saviour’s rectory, Jersey 30 Oct. 1806; ed.
at Mr. Cogan’s school, Walthamstow with Benjamin Disraeli and
Milner Gibson; also at Westminster and Paris; solicitor in London
1828–51; barrister I.T. 1 May 1854; revising barrister for West
Surrey several years; lived at Hampstead 1851 to death; member for
Hampstead of Metropolitan board of works 1 July 1859 to Nov.
1879; presented with a public testimonial including gift of £500 for
his activity in preserving Hampstead Heath 1871. d. 6 Worsley road,
 Hampstead 6 Aug. 1884. bur. in old Hampstead churchyard. F. E.
Baines’s Records of Hampstead (1890) 152, 184, 320, 362, 453–5.
LE BRETON, S T (eld. son of Thomas Le Breton, attorney
general and bailiff of Jersey). b. Colomberie, St. Helier’s, Jersey
1790; educ. at Caen, Normandy as an American under the name of
Burgh 1810–12 and fought several duels; advocate of Jersey bar 8
Aug. 1812; col. of Jersey Town regt. 17 July 1820 to 1850; shot
Aaron de Ste Croix in a duel 1820; attorney general 25 March 1824;
knighted at St. James’s palace 12 Feb. 1847, after the visit of the
Queen to Jersey in Sep. 1846; bailiff of Jersey 22 June 1848 to
death. d. The Terrace, St. Helier’s, Jersey 24 Nov. 1857. The Jersey
Independent 25 Nov. 1857 p. 2.
LE BRETON, W C (only son of William Le Breton). b. St.
Helier’s, Jersey 1815; ed. Winchester and at Pemb. coll. Oxf. 1831–
37, Morley scholar; fellow of Exeter coll. 30 June 1837 to 8 July
1842; B.A. 1835, M.A. 1837; dean of Jersey 26 Dec. 1849 to death;
R. of St. Saviour’s, Jersey 1850–75; R. of St. Helier’s, Jersey 1875
to death; father of Lilian Langtry, actress. d. London 28 Feb. 1888.
LE BRUN, John. b. Switzerland; ed. at Gosport, Hampshire; ordained
Congregationalist in Jersey 25 Nov. 1813; minister of the London
missionary society at Port Louis, Mauritius 18 May 1814 to 1832
and 27 Dec. 1841 to death; returned to Mauritius on his own
account 1834, built a chapel at Port Louis and established schools in
Mauritius. d. Port Louis 21 Feb. 1865.
LECHMERE-CHARLTON, E (elder son of Nicholas Lechmere
of Hanley castle and Ludlow, who assumed additional surname of
Charlton 1784). b. 20 Sep. 1789; M.P. for Ludlow 8 Jany. 1835 to
18 July 1837. d. 1857.
LECKENBY, J . b. Ripon 20 Sep. 1814; managed different branches
of Yorkshire banking company; treasurer of Scarborough many
years; F.G.S. 1859. d. Scarton 7 April 1877.
LECKIE, E (dau. of John Horner of Edinburgh, linen factor).
m. George Leckie; author of The Village School, a story. Edinb.
1837; The power of conscience, a dramatic poem 1841; The
stepmother 1842; The Hebrew boy 1842; The guardian 1843; The
dream of the western shepherd 1845. d. Edinburgh, March 1856.
LECLERCQ, C , stage name of Charles Clark. b. 20 Sep. 1797;
made his first appearance on opening night of the Sans Pareil
theatre, London as a dancer 27 Nov. 1806; chief dancer and
inventor of the ballets at Surrey and Coburg theatres; manager of
the Olympic about 1826; ballet master at Adelphi theatre, Glasgow
1844; ballet master at Olympic 1846, at Haymarket 1851 to death;
his second wife Margaret Leclercq was well known as a dancer, she
d. Bedford house, Carlyle sq. London 28 June 1889 aged 77. He d.
16 Albert st. Regent’s park, London 26 Nov. 1861. Era 1 Dec. 1861
p. 10.
N .—His son Arthur Leclercq played harlequin in the pantomime Undine or the spirit of the
waters, at Haymarket theatre Dec. 1858 to Feb. 1859, he was subsequently acting manager for
Charles Fechter until his death in 1879 when he became acting manager for Mr. O’Neil; he died
at his residence Fort Hamilton, Long Island, U.S. of America about 18 January 1890.
LECONFIELD, G W , 1 Baron (eld. natural child of 3 Earl
of Egremont 1751–1837). b. St. Marylebone, London 5 June 1787;
cornet 5 dragoon guards 31 March 1803; captain 72 foot 19 Sep.
1805; lieut. 1 foot guards 13 Nov. 1807; major 78 foot 31 Jany.
1811; major 12 light dragoons 25 April 1811; lieut.-col. 20 light
dragoons 10 Dec. 1812, placed on h.p. 25 June 1816; served in
Spain and Portugal, taken prisoner by the French Aug. 1810; came
into the estate of Petworth, Sussex and others adjoining and £60,000
on his father’s death 1837; sheriff of Sussex 1842; created baron
Leconfield of Leconfield in the east riding of the county of York 14
April 1859. d. Petworth, Sussex 18 March 1869, personalty sworn
under £250,000 22 May 1869. Reg. and mag. of biog. i 385–6, ii 54
(1869).
LE COUTEUR, S J (eld. son of lieut.-gen. John Le Couteur d. 23
April 1835 aged 74). b. St. Helier’s, Jersey 1794; ensign 96 foot 15
Nov. 1810; lieut. 104 foot 21 Nov. 1811, placed on h.p. 25 Aug.
1817; brevet lieut.-col. 11 Nov. 1851; A.D.C. to the sovereign 27
Aug. 1830, resigned 1872; adjutant general of Jersey militia 1853–
72; sold out of the army 1857; viscount or sheriff of island of Jersey
1842 to death, coroner there 1872 to death; F.R.S.; sec. and founder
of Jersey agricultural and horticultural soc.; knighted by patent 17
Aug. 1872; published On the varieties, properties and classification
of wheat 1836, 2 ed. 1872; On the rise, progress and state of
agriculture in Jersey 1852; The rifle, its effects on the war 1855. d.
Bellevue, Jersey 24 Dec. 1875. I.L.N. lxviii 311 (1876).
LEDGER, C . b. England; clerk in house of Messrs. Naylor at
Lima 1836–8, and then at their establishment at Tacna where he
purchased the alpaca wools from the Indians 1838–42; in business
at Tacna from 1842; exported a flock of 276 alpacas to Sydney 28
Nov. 1858, which the government purchased for £15,000 and gave
him £1300 a year to manage it. Illust. News of the World 17 Sep.
1859 pp. 173–4, portrait; Sporting Rev. Feb. 1863 pp. 127–9.
LEDGER, F . b. 1816; editor and proprietor of The Era, a
London weekly sporting and dramatic paper 1850 to death; an
enthusiastic mason. d. Gothic house, Devonshire road, Balham hill
14 June 1874. bur. Norwood cemetery 20 June. Era 21 June 1874 p.
9 col. 2.