Teaching Principles and

Methods in the
Major/Specialized Field
 Reporter and Topics
Management of Instruction:

● Objective-Related Principles of Teaching (Abella)

● Guiding Principles in Formulating Objectives (Borcay)
● Taxonomy of Objectives in the Three Domains (Dagonan)
● How to Write Lesson Objectives (Macalisang)
● Standards and Competencies in the K-12 Curriculum (Paco)
 Reporter and Topics
Management of Instruction:

● Selection and Organization of Content Guiding Principles (Sacabin, Anthony)

● The Structure of Subject Matter Content (Sacabin, Edsel)
● Cognitive, Skill, Values (Fernandez)
● Selection and Use of Teaching Strategies (Batalo)
● Guiding Principles in the Selection and Use of Teaching Strategies (Cayunda)
● Brain-based Strategies (Canadilla)
Reporter and Topics
Management of Instruction: Teaching Approach, Strategy, Method and Technique

1. Direct Demonstration Method (Gomonay)

2. Cooperative Learning (Sabuclalao)
3. Deductive Method versus the Inductive Method (Lomongo)
4. Blended Learning (Bandulon)
5. Reflective Teaching (Canas)
6. Metacognitive Approach (Yuto)
7. Constructivist Approach (Purganan)
8. Integrated Approach (Abainza)
9. Guiding Principles in the Selection and Use of IMs (Avenido)
1.What is the nature of the
learner?
2.With what is the learner
equipped that enables
him/her to learn?
3.What professional and
personal qualities must a
teacher possess to facilitate
learning?
4.What makes a conducive learning
environment?
5.What are the implications of these
thoughts on the learner, teacher,
and learning-environment to
teaching -learning?
The Elements of Teaching
and Learning
The learner as an
embodied spirit.
A school cannot ignore the learner’s
physical needs.

Only when the learner is nourished

materially and spiritually can he/she be
complete for that is his/her very nature.
The Fundamental
Equipment of the Learner
Cognitive Faculties
1. Five senses
2. Instinct
3. Imagination
4. Memory
5. Intellect
Appetitive Faculties
1. Feelings and Emotions
2. Rational Will
Factors that contribute to
the differences among
learners.
Ability
The learner’s native ability dictates the prospects of success in any purposeful
activity. Ability determines the learners’ capacity to understand and assimilate
information for their own use and application.

As learners, they differ in the way they observe and interpret happenings in their
surroundings.

Depending on their typical reactions and facility to learn, they may be classified
generally into fast, average and slow learners. Other are labeled high, moderate and
slow achievers.

As to their mental ability, students can be categorized into superior, above average,
average and below average.
Aptitude
● Refers to the learners’ innate talent or gift.
● It indicates a natural capacity to learn certain skills.
● The powers of memory, imagination, concept formation,
reasoning and judgement on matters related to the arts
function best for those who exhibit special inclination for the
arts such as painting, designing crafts, propensity for music
and flair for dramatics.
● Provisions of a formative environment will be of great help in
enabling them to flourish and grow.
Interests
● Learner’s interest in learning makes learning no longer a task but a
pleasure.
● Learners have varied interests. It is not inherited. They are developed.

Family and cultural background

● Students who come from different socioeconomic background manifest a wide
range of behavior due to differences in upbringing practices.
● Some families allow their members to express their preferences regarding
self-discipline while others are left to passively follow home regulation.
● Their participation in classroom activities are influenced by their home training and
experiences
1. Do imperfections in the
functioning of the sense organs
affect learning? Explain.
2. Can the learner imagine
something which he has not first
experienced through his senses?
3. In learning, can we do away with
memory in our desire to develop
higher-order thinking skills in the
learners?