Pakistan School, Kingdom of Bahrain

E- Support and Learning Material

Subject: Mathematics Grade: 8

Unit 1: Direct and Inverse Proportion

Topic: Direct Proportion
Definition;
The relationship between two quantities when their ratio is equal to a constant value.
If 1 quantity increase the other will also increase proportionally and if 1 decreases other will also
decrease at the same rate.
If x is doubled y will also b doubled if x is triple y is also be tripled.
If x is decreased half then y will be also halved. etc
Examples,
 Total wages earn per hour.
 Amount of flour needed to make muffins.
 Distance traveled and fuel used.
 No of books and their cost.

No of Books (x) 1 2 3 4
Cost $ (y) 5 10 15 20
If y is directly proportional to x then,

Y 1 y 2 x2 y 2
= ∨, =
x1 x 2 x1 y 1
Method 1 by using unitary Method;

Q; Find the cost of 12 kg apples if 6 kg of them cost $36.

Solution;
Cost of 6 kg apples = $36
36
Cost of 1 kg apples = $
6

36
Cost of 12kg apples = ×12
6
= $ 72
Cost of the 12kg apples is $ 72.

Method 2 by using proportion:

Q; Find the cost of 12 kg apples if 6 kg of them cost $36.
Solution; Cost is directly proportional to the mass
Let $ x be the cost of 12 kg apples
Then,
X 36
=
12 6

36
X= ×12
6
X = 72
Cost of the 12kg apples is $ 72.
Home work ; Ex 1a Q1-Q6 from pg # 11
Q7; If z is directly proportional to x and z = 12 when x = 3 , find the value of x when z =18.
Solution;
z is directly proportional to x ,
So , z = k x
12= k (3)
K = 12/3
K=4
X = ? , k = 4 , z = 18
Z=kx
18 = 4 x
X = 18/ 4
X = 4.5
Solve Q# 8 from pg #11
More on Direct Proportion:

No of Books (x) 1 2 3 4
Cost $ (y) 5 10 15 20
Constant of 5/1=5 10/2= 5 15/3 =5 20/4 = 5
proportionality (k)
If y is directly proportional to x then
Y
=k 0 r y=kx where k is a constant∧k ≠ 0
x
a. An equation connecting x and y
b. The value of y when x is given
c. The value of x when y is given

Q1; If y is directly proportional to x and if y=6 and x=2 find

a. An equation connecting x and y
b. The value of y when x = 10
c. The value of x when y = 9
Solution;
(a) y is directly proportional to x then
Y = kx
Y = 6 and x = 2
6 = k (2)
K = 6/2
K=3
so an equation connecting x and y is y=3x
(b) x = 10
Y = 3 (10)
Y = 30
c) y = 9
9=3x
x = 9/3
x=3
Q; Given that y is directly proportional to x copy and complete the table below;

x 4 5 7
y 15 24 34.5
Solution;
y is directly proportional to x then
y=kx
K = y/x
K = 15/5
K=3
Y=? k=3,x=4
Y = kx
Y = 3 (4)
Y = 12
Y=? k=3,x=7
Y = kx
Y = 3 (7)
Y = 21
x= ? k = 3 , y = 24
Y = kx
24= 3x
x= 8
x= ? k = 3 , y = 34.5
Y = kx
34.5= 3x
X = 34.5/3
x= 11.5
the complete table is
x 4 5 7 8 11.5
y 12 15 21 24 34.5

Home work ;
Ex 1A solve Q9-Q12 from pg # 11.

Topic: Other Forms of Direct Proportion;

Q: For each of the following equations state which two variables are directly proportional to
each other and explain y?
a) y = 3 √x
b) y2 = 5 x3
c) m3 = n2
Q; If y is directly proportional to x2 and if y=18 and x=3 find
a. An equation connecting x and y
b. The value of y when x = 5
c. The value of x when y = 32
Solution:
(a) y is directly proportional to x2 then
Y = kx2
Y = 18 and x = 3
18 = k (3)2
18 = 9k
K = 18/9
K=2
so an equation connecting x and y is y = 2 x2
(b) x = 5 and k = 2
 Y = 2 (5 )2
Y = 2(25)
Y = 50
c) y = 32 and k = 2
32= 2 x2
X2 = 32/2
X2 = 16
x=4
Home work; Ex 1B from pg # 18 Solve Q1-Q3

Q; Find which two variables are directly proportional?

a) Y = 4 x2
Here y is directly proportional to x2
Y = kx2
Y = 4 x2 (k = 4 constant of proportionality)
2
b) n = 3 (m-1)
here n is directly proportional to (m-1)2
k=3 (constant of proportionality)
Ex 1B from pg# 18 solve Q4.

Q; Given that y is directly proportional to square of x copy and complete the table below;
x 2 3 5
y 81 441 56.25

Solution; y is directly proportional to square of x then

y = kx2
K = y/x2
K = 81/(3)2
K= 81/9
K=9
Y=? k=9,x=2
Y = kx2
Y = 9 (2)2
Y= 9(4)
Y = 36
Y=? k=9,x=5
Y = kx2
Y = 9 (5)2
Y= 9(25)
Y = 225
x= ? k = 9, y = 441
Y = kx2
441 = 9x2
X2 = 441/9
X2 = 49
x= 7
x= ? k = 9 , y = 56.25
Y = kx2
56.25= 9x2
X2= 56.25/9
X2 = 6.25
 x= 2.5
the complete table is.
x 2 3 5 7 2.5

y 36 81 225 441 56.25

Home work; Ex 1B from pg #18 solve Q5- Q7