CE 2232:

WIND AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING

WIND LOADS (NSCP 2015) – SECTION 207D

Wind Loads on Other Structures and Building Appurtenances – MWFRS

Prepared by:
Eyen James D. Ledesma
Civil Engineer

March 2019
 2

WIND LOADS

(Adopted by NSCP code for wind loads)

(Chapter 2, Section 207D

In NSCP)

March 2019
 3

WIND LOADS

March 2019
NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 4

WIND LOADS

CE 2232: Wind and Earthquake Engineering

NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 5

WIND LOADS

CE 2232: Wind and Earthquake Engineering

NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 6

WIND LOADS

CE 2232: Wind and Earthquake Engineering

NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 7

WIND LOADS

CE 2232: Wind and Earthquake Engineering

NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 8

WIND LOADS

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 11

EXAMPLE
Shown below is a billboard signage structure supported on flexible poles. The billboard signage structure is located in
CCP Complex, Pasay City, Metro Manila (refer to satellite imagery). It has a 6-m x 18-m solid sign supported by a 10-m
high 1-m diameter steel pipe. The site has a homogeneous topography with a suburban terrain. A schematic diagram of
the structure is also shown below, along with the site details in the given table.

Location CCP Complex, Pasay City

Topography Homogeneous
Terrain Suburban
Dimensions 6m x 18m solid sign
Framing 10m high with 1m diameter moderately smooth steel pipe support
Site Details for Billboard Signage Structure supported on Flexible Poles
CE 2232: Wind and Earthquake Engineering
NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 12

EXAMPLE
Shown below is a billboard signage structure supported on flexible poles. The billboard signage structure is located in
CCP Complex, Pasay City, Metro Manila (refer to satellite imagery). It has a 6-m x 18-m solid sign supported by a 10-m
high 1-m diameter steel pipe. The site has a homogeneous topography with a suburban terrain. A schematic diagram of
the structure is also shown below, along with the site details in the given table.

18.0 m
1.0 m

Billboard
6.0 m Signage

2.0 m 3.0 m 3.0 m

Steel Pipe
1.0 m Supports

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 13

SOLVING FOR WIND FORCE, F FOR BILLBOARD SIGNAGE

CE 2232: Wind and Earthquake Engineering

NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 14

SOLUTION

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 15

SOLUTION
Shown below is a billboard signage structure supported on flexible poles. The billboard signage structure is located in
CCP Complex, Pasay City, Metro Manila (refer to satellite imagery). It has a 6-m x 18-m solid sign supported by a 10-m
high 1-m diameter steel pipe. The site has a homogeneous topography with a suburban terrain. A schematic diagram of
the structure is also shown below, along with the site details in the given table.
Item Value Reference
Occupancy category Table 103-1 (p. 1-7)

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 16

SOLUTION

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 17

SOLUTION
Shown below is a billboard signage structure supported on flexible poles. The billboard signage structure is located in
CCP Complex, Pasay City, Metro Manila (refer to satellite imagery). It has a 6-m x 18-m solid sign supported by a 10-m
high 1-m diameter steel pipe. The site has a homogeneous topography with a suburban terrain. A schematic diagram of
the structure is also shown below, along with the site details in the given table.
Item Value Reference
Occupancy category V (Miscellaneous) Table 103-1 (p. 1-7)

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 18

SOLUTION

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 19

SOLUTION
Shown below is a billboard signage structure supported on flexible poles. The billboard signage structure is located in
CCP Complex, Pasay City, Metro Manila (refer to satellite imagery). It has a 6-m x 18-m solid sign supported by a 10-m
high 1-m diameter steel pipe. The site has a homogeneous topography with a suburban terrain. A schematic diagram of
the structure is also shown below, along with the site details in the given table.
Item Value Reference
Occupancy category V (Miscellaneous) Table 103-1 (p. 1-7)
Basic wind speed, 𝑉 Figure 207A.5-1A (p. 2-38)

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 20

SOLUTION CATEGORY V

V = 250kph or 69.64 m/s

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 21

SOLUTION
Shown below is a billboard signage structure supported on flexible poles. The billboard signage structure is located in
CCP Complex, Pasay City, Metro Manila (refer to satellite imagery). It has a 6-m x 18-m solid sign supported by a 10-m
high 1-m diameter steel pipe. The site has a homogeneous topography with a suburban terrain. A schematic diagram of
the structure is also shown below, along with the site details in the given table.
Item Value Reference
Occupancy category V (Miscellaneous) Table 103-1 (p. 1-7)
Basic wind speed, 𝑉 𝑉 = 250 kph or 69.4 m/s Figure 207A.5-1A (p. 2-38)

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 22

SOLUTION

CE 2232: Wind and Earthquake Engineering

NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 23

SOLUTION
Shown below is a billboard signage structure supported on flexible poles. The billboard signage structure is located in
CCP Complex, Pasay City, Metro Manila (refer to satellite imagery). It has a 6-m x 18-m solid sign supported by a 10-m
high 1-m diameter steel pipe. The site has a homogeneous topography with a suburban terrain. A schematic diagram of
the structure is also shown below, along with the site details in the given table.
Item Value Reference
Occupancy category V (Miscellaneous) Table 103-1 (p. 1-7)
Basic wind speed, 𝑉 𝑉 = 250 kph or 69.4 m/s Figure 207A.5-1A (p. 2-38)
Wind directionality factor, 𝐾𝑑 Table 207A.6-1 (p. 2-42)
Exposure category Table 207A.7 (p. 2-36)
Section 207A.8.2 (p. 2-47)
Topographic factor, 𝐾𝑧𝑡
Figure 207A.8-1 (p. 2-47)
Gust effect factor, 𝐺 Section 207A.9.1 (p. 2-55)

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SOLUTION

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 25

SOLUTION
Shown below is a billboard signage structure supported on flexible poles. The billboard signage structure is located in
CCP Complex, Pasay City, Metro Manila (refer to satellite imagery). It has a 6-m x 18-m solid sign supported by a 10-m
high 1-m diameter steel pipe. The site has a homogeneous topography with a suburban terrain. A schematic diagram of
the structure is also shown below, along with the site details in the given table.
Item Value Reference
Occupancy category V (Miscellaneous) Table 103-1 (p. 1-7)
Basic wind speed, 𝑉 𝑉 = 250 kph or 69.4 m/s Figure 207A.5-1A (p. 2-38)
Wind directionality factor, 𝐾𝑑 𝐾𝑑 = 0.85 Table 207A.6-1 (p. 2-42)
Exposure category Table 207A.7 (p. 2-36)
Section 207A.8.2 (p. 2-47)
Topographic factor, 𝐾𝑧𝑡
Figure 207A.8-1 (p. 2-47)
Gust effect factor, 𝐺 Section 207A.9.1 (p. 2-55)

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SOLUTION

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 27

SOLUTION
Shown below is a billboard signage structure supported on flexible poles. The billboard signage structure is located in
CCP Complex, Pasay City, Metro Manila (refer to satellite imagery). It has a 6-m x 18-m solid sign supported by a 10-m
high 1-m diameter steel pipe. The site has a homogeneous topography with a suburban terrain. A schematic diagram of
the structure is also shown below, along with the site details in the given table.
Item Value Reference
Occupancy category V (Miscellaneous) Table 103-1 (p. 1-7)
Basic wind speed, 𝑉 𝑉 = 250 kph or 69.4 m/s Figure 207A.5-1A (p. 2-38)
Wind directionality factor, 𝐾𝑑 𝐾𝑑 = 0.85 Table 207A.6-1 (p. 2-42)
Exposure category Exposure B Table 207A.7 (p. 2-36)
Section 207A.8.2 (p. 2-47)
Topographic factor, 𝐾𝑧𝑡
Figure 207A.8-1 (p. 2-47)
Gust effect factor, 𝐺 Section 207A.9.1 (p. 2-55)

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SOLUTION

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 29

SOLUTION
Shown below is a billboard signage structure supported on flexible poles. The billboard signage structure is located in
CCP Complex, Pasay City, Metro Manila (refer to satellite imagery). It has a 6-m x 18-m solid sign supported by a 10-m
high 1-m diameter steel pipe. The site has a homogeneous topography with a suburban terrain. A schematic diagram of
the structure is also shown below, along with the site details in the given table.
Item Value Reference
Occupancy category V (Miscellaneous) Table 103-1 (p. 1-7)
Basic wind speed, 𝑉 𝑉 = 250 kph or 69.4 m/s Figure 207A.5-1A (p. 2-38)
Wind directionality factor, 𝐾𝑑 𝐾𝑑 = 0.85 Table 207A.6-1 (p. 2-42)
Exposure category Exposure B Table 207A.7 (p. 2-36)
Section 207A.8.2 (p. 2-47)
Topographic factor, 𝐾𝑧𝑡 𝐾𝑧𝑡 = 1.0
Figure 207A.8-1 (p. 2-47)
Gust effect factor, 𝐺 Section 207A.9.1 (p. 2-55)

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SOLUTION

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 31

SOLUTION
Shown below is a billboard signage structure supported on flexible poles. The billboard signage structure is located in
CCP Complex, Pasay City, Metro Manila (refer to satellite imagery). It has a 6-m x 18-m solid sign supported by a 10-m
high 1-m diameter steel pipe. The site has a homogeneous topography with a suburban terrain. A schematic diagram of
the structure is also shown below, along with the site details in the given table.
Item Value Reference
Occupancy category V (Miscellaneous) Table 103-1 (p. 1-7)
Basic wind speed, 𝑉 𝑉 = 250 kph or 69.4 m/s Figure 207A.5-1A (p. 2-38)
Wind directionality factor, 𝐾𝑑 𝐾𝑑 = 0.85 Table 207A.6-1 (p. 2-42)
Exposure category Exposure B Table 207A.7 (p. 2-36)
Section 207A.8.2 (p. 2-47)
Topographic factor, 𝐾𝑧𝑡 𝐾𝑧𝑡 = 1.0
Figure 207A.8-1 (p. 2-47)
Gust effect factor, 𝐺 Section 207A.9.1 (p. 2-55)

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SOLUTION

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 34

SOLUTION
Shown below is a billboard signage structure supported on flexible poles. The billboard signage structure is located in
CCP Complex, Pasay City, Metro Manila (refer to satellite imagery). It has a 6-m x 18-m solid sign supported by a 10-m
high 1-m diameter steel pipe. The site has a homogeneous topography with a suburban terrain. A schematic diagram of
the structure is also shown below, along with the site details in the given table.
Item Value Reference
Occupancy category V (Miscellaneous) Table 103-1 (p. 1-7)
Basic wind speed, 𝑉 𝑉 = 250 kph or 69.4 m/s Figure 207A.5-1A (p. 2-38)
Wind directionality factor, 𝐾𝑑 𝐾𝑑 = 0.85 Table 207A.6-1 (p. 2-42)
Exposure category Exposure B Table 207A.7 (p. 2-36)
Section 207A.8.2 (p. 2-47)
Topographic factor, 𝐾𝑧𝑡 𝐾𝑧𝑡 = 1.0
Figure 207A.8-1 (p. 2-47)
Gust effect factor, 𝐺 Section 207A.9.5 (p. 2-56)

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 43

SOLUTION
Gust effect factor, 𝐺𝑓

Solving for 𝐺𝑓 , substituting in the equation:

1 + 1.7𝐼𝑧 𝑔2 𝑄 𝑄2 + 𝑔2 𝑅 𝑅2
𝐺𝑓 = 0.925
1 + 1.7𝑔𝑣 𝐼𝑧

1 + 1.7 0.302 3.42 0.8682 + 4.1042 1.0952

𝐺𝑓 = 0.925
1 + 1.7 3.4 0.302

𝐺𝑓 = 1.269

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 44

ASSIGNMENT # 1 (for this topic)

Try solving for the value of Gf. Write your solution

Note: 𝑛1 = 0.7 Hz and critical damping ratio of 𝛽 = 0.01

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 45

SOLUTION
Shown below is a billboard signage structure supported on flexible poles. The billboard signage structure is located in
CCP Complex, Pasay City, Metro Manila (refer to satellite imagery). It has a 6-m x 18-m solid sign supported by a 10-m
high 1-m diameter steel pipe. The site has a homogeneous topography with a suburban terrain. A schematic diagram of
the structure is also shown below, along with the site details in the given table.
Item Value Reference
Occupancy category V (Miscellaneous) Table 103-1 (p. 1-7)
Basic wind speed, 𝑉 𝑉 = 250 kph or 69.4 m/s Figure 207A.5-1A (p. 2-38)
Wind directionality factor, 𝐾𝑑 𝐾𝑑 = 0.85 Table 207A.6-1 (p. 2-42)
Exposure category Exposure B Table 207A.7 (p. 2-36)
Section 207A.8.2 (p. 2-47)
Topographic factor, 𝐾𝑧𝑡 𝐾𝑧𝑡 = 1.0
Figure 207A.8-1 (p. 2-47)
Gust effect factor, 𝐺 𝐺 = 1.269 Section 207A.9.5 (p. 2-56)

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 46

SOLUTION

CE 2232: Wind and Earthquake Engineering Should be Table 207D.3-1 (p. 2-126)
NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 47

SOLUTION
Shown below is a billboard signage structure supported on flexible poles. The billboard signage structure is located in
CCP Complex, Pasay City, Metro Manila (refer to satellite imagery). It has a 6-m x 18-m solid sign supported by a 10-m
high 1-m diameter steel pipe. The site has a homogeneous topography with a suburban terrain. A schematic diagram of
the structure is also shown below, along with the site details in the given table.
Item Value Reference
Occupancy category V (Miscellaneous) Table 103-1 (p. 1-7)
Basic wind speed, 𝑉 𝑉 = 250 kph or 69.4 m/s Figure 207A.5-1A (p. 2-38)
Wind directionality factor, 𝐾𝑑 𝐾𝑑 = 0.85 Table 207A.6-1 (p. 2-42)
Exposure category Exposure B Table 207A.7 (p. 2-36)
Section 207A.8.2 (p. 2-47)
Topographic factor, 𝐾𝑧𝑡 𝐾𝑧𝑡 = 1.0
Figure 207A.8-1 (p. 2-47)
Gust effect factor, 𝐺 𝐺 = 1.269 Section 207A.9.5 (p. 2-56)
Vel. pressure exp. coeff, 𝐾ℎ Table 207D.3-1 (p. 2-126)

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 48

SOLUTION

z = h = 16m

Via
Interpolation,

𝐾𝑧 = 𝐾ℎ = 0.821

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 49

SOLUTION
Shown below is a billboard signage structure supported on flexible poles. The billboard signage structure is located in
CCP Complex, Pasay City, Metro Manila (refer to satellite imagery). It has a 6-m x 18-m solid sign supported by a 10-m
high 1-m diameter steel pipe. The site has a homogeneous topography with a suburban terrain. A schematic diagram of
the structure is also shown below, along with the site details in the given table.
Item Value Reference
Occupancy category V (Miscellaneous) Table 103-1 (p. 1-7)
Basic wind speed, 𝑉 𝑉 = 250 kph or 69.4 m/s Figure 207A.5-1A (p. 2-38)
Wind directionality factor, 𝐾𝑑 𝐾𝑑 = 0.85 Table 207A.6-1 (p. 2-42)
Exposure category Exposure B Table 207A.7 (p. 2-36)
Section 207A.8.2 (p. 2-47)
Topographic factor, 𝐾𝑧𝑡 𝐾𝑧𝑡 = 1.0
Figure 207A.8-1 (p. 2-47)
Gust effect factor, 𝐺 𝐺 = 1.269 Section 207A.9.5 (p. 2-56)
Vel. pressure exp. coeff, 𝐾ℎ 𝐾ℎ = 0.821 Table 207D.3-1 (p. 2-126)

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SOLUTION

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 51

SOLUTION
Shown below is a billboard signage structure supported on flexible poles. The billboard signage structure is located in
CCP Complex, Pasay City, Metro Manila (refer to satellite imagery). It has a 6-m x 18-m solid sign supported by a 10-m
high 1-m diameter steel pipe. The site has a homogeneous topography with a suburban terrain. A schematic diagram of
the structure is also shown below, along with the site details in the given table.
Item Value Reference
Occupancy category V (Miscellaneous) Table 103-1 (p. 1-7)
Basic wind speed, 𝑉 𝑉 = 250 kph or 69.4 m/s Figure 207A.5-1A (p. 2-38)
Wind directionality factor, 𝐾𝑑 𝐾𝑑 = 0.85 Table 207A.6-1 (p. 2-42)
Exposure category Exposure B Table 207A.7 (p. 2-36)
Section 207A.8.2 (p. 2-47)
Topographic factor, 𝐾𝑧𝑡 𝐾𝑧𝑡 = 1.0
Figure 207A.8-1 (p. 2-47)
Gust effect factor, 𝐺 𝐺 = 1.269 Section 207A.9.5 (p. 2-56)
Vel. pressure exp. coeff, 𝐾ℎ 𝐾ℎ = 0.821 Table 207D.3-1 (p. 2-126)
Vel. pressure, 𝑞ℎ Equation 207D.3-1 (p. 2-120)

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SOLUTION
Velocity pressure, 𝑞ℎ
The velocity pressure, 𝑞ℎ shall be determined as

𝑞ℎ = 0.613𝐾ℎ 𝐾𝑧𝑡 𝐾𝑑 𝑉 2 N/m2 Equation 207D.3-1 (p. 2-120)

where 𝑞ℎ is the velocity pressure evaluated at height ℎ and 𝑉 is the basic wind speed in m/s

Solving for 𝑞ℎ , substituting in the equation

𝐾ℎ = 0.821

𝐾𝑧𝑡 = 1.0

𝐾𝑑 = 0.85

𝑉 = 69.4 m/s

𝑞ℎ = 0.613(0.821)(1.0)(0.85)(69.42 )

CE 2232: Wind and Earthquake Engineering 𝑞ℎ = 2.060 kPa

NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 53

SOLUTION
Shown below is a billboard signage structure supported on flexible poles. The billboard signage structure is located in
CCP Complex, Pasay City, Metro Manila (refer to satellite imagery). It has a 6-m x 18-m solid sign supported by a 10-m
high 1-m diameter steel pipe. The site has a homogeneous topography with a suburban terrain. A schematic diagram of
the structure is also shown below, along with the site details in the given table.
Item Value Reference
Occupancy category V (Miscellaneous) Table 103-1 (p. 1-7)
Basic wind speed, 𝑉 𝑉 = 250 kph or 69.4 m/s Figure 207A.5-1A (p. 2-38)
Wind directionality factor, 𝐾𝑑 𝐾𝑑 = 0.85 Table 207A.6-1 (p. 2-42)
Exposure category Exposure B Table 207A.7 (p. 2-36)
Section 207A.8.2 (p. 2-47)
Topographic factor, 𝐾𝑧𝑡 𝐾𝑧𝑡 = 1.0
Figure 207A.8-1 (p. 2-47)
Gust effect factor, 𝐺 𝐺 = 1.269 Section 207A.9.5 (p. 2-56)
Vel. pressure exp. coeff, 𝐾ℎ 𝐾ℎ = 0.821 Table 207D.3-1 (p. 2-126)
Vel. pressure, 𝑞ℎ 𝑞ℎ = 2.060 kN/m2 Equation 207D.3-1 (p. 2-120)

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SOLUTION

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 55

SOLUTION

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SOLUTION

Force coefficient, 𝐶𝑓

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SOLUTION

Force coefficient, 𝐶𝑓

The force coefficient, 𝐶𝑓 , shall be computed as

𝑠 = 6.0 m Figure 207D.4-1 (p. 2-127)
ℎ = 16 m
𝐵 = 18 m
𝑠 ℎ = 0.376, consider Case A and Case B
𝐵 𝑠 = 3, therefore Case C must also be considered
𝐶𝑓 = 1.762 for Case A and Case B obtained through linear interpolation
𝐶𝑓 = 2.60 for Case C, 0 to 𝑠 (horizontal distance from windward edge)
𝐶𝑓 = 1.70 for Case C, 𝑠 to 2 𝑠
𝐶𝑓 = 1.15 for Case C, 2 𝑠 to 3 𝑠

Where:
Case A – The resultant force acts normal to the face of the sign through the geometric center
Case B – The resultant force acts normal to the face of the sign at a distance from the
geometric center toward the windward edge equal to 0.2 times the average width of the sign
Case C – The resultant forces act normal to the face of the sign through the geometric center of
each region.
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SOLUTION

s/h = 0.376 𝐶𝑓 = 1.762, obtained through linear interpolation

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SOLUTION

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 60

SOLUTION

Wind force, 𝐹

The wind force,𝐹, shall be determined as

𝐹 = 𝑞ℎ 𝐺𝐶𝑓 𝐴𝑠 , N Equation 207D.4-1(p. 2-122)

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 61

SOLUTION

Wind force, 𝐹

The wind force,𝐹, shall be determined as

𝐹 = 𝑞ℎ 𝐺𝐶𝑓 𝐴𝑠 , N Equation 207D.4-1(p. 2-122)

𝑞ℎ = 2.060 kPa

𝐺 = 1.269

𝐶𝑓 = 1.762 for Case A and B

𝐴𝑠 = s(B) = 108 m2 for Case A and B

𝐶𝑓 = 2.60 for Case C, 0 to 𝑠 (horizontal distance from windward edge)

𝐶𝑓 = 1.70 for Case C, 𝑠 to 2 𝑠
𝐶𝑓 = 1.15 for Case C, 2 𝑠 to 3 𝑠
𝐴𝑠 = s(s) = 36 m2 for Case C

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NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 62

SOLUTION

Wind force, 𝐹 – Case A and B

The wind force, 𝐹, for Case A and Case B shall be computed as

𝐹 = (2.060)(1.269)(1.762)(108)

𝐹 = 497.460 kN

𝑒 = 0.2 18 = 3.6 m (eccentricity for Case B)

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SOLUTION

Wind force, 𝐹 – Case A and B (Elevation View)

Wind force for Case A Wind force for Case B

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SOLUTION

Wind force, 𝐹 – Case A and B (Plan View)

= 497.460 kN
= 3.6𝑚
= 497.460 kN

Wind force for Case A Wind force for Case B

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SOLUTION

Wind force, 𝐹 – Case C

The wind force, 𝐹, for Case C shall be computed as

𝐶𝑓 = 2.60 for Case C, 0 to 𝑠 , substituting in the equation,

𝐹 = (2.060)(1.269)(2.60)(36)
𝐹 = 244.684 kN

𝐶𝑓 = 1.70 for Case C, 𝑠 to 2𝑠 , substituting in the equation,

𝐹 = (2.060)(1.269)(1.70)(36)
𝐹 = 159.985 kN

𝐶𝑓 = 1.15 for Case C, 2𝑠 to 3𝑠 , substituting in the equation,

𝐹 = (2.060)(1.269)(1.15)(36)
𝐹 = 108.225 kN

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SOLUTION

Wind force, 𝐹 – Case C (Plan View)

𝐹 = 244.684 kN 𝐹 = 159.985 kN 𝐹 = 108.225 kN

Wind force for Case C

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SOLVING FOR WIND FORCE, F FOR STEEL PIPE SUPPORTS

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SOLUTION

CE 2232: Wind and Earthquake Engineering Should be Table 207D.3-1 (p. 2-126)
NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads (Wind Loads, Section 207D) 69

SOLUTION

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SOLUTION

Velocity pressure, 𝑞𝑧 for pipe supports

Velocity pressure for pipe supports

Table 207D.3-1 (p. 2-126)
𝒛 (m) 𝑲𝒛 (Exp. B) 𝒒𝒛 (kPa)
0 - 4.5 0.572 1.604

4.5 – 6.0 0.621 1.741

6.0 – 10.0 0.717 2.011

𝑞𝑧 = 0.613𝐾𝑧 𝐾𝑧𝑡 𝐾𝑑 𝑉 2 , N/m2

Equation 207D.3-1 (p. 2-120)

where 𝑞𝑧 is the velocity pressure evaluated at

height 𝑧 and 𝑉 is the basic wind speed in m/s

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SOLUTION

Force coefficient, 𝐶𝑓 for pipe supports

CE 2232: Wind and Earthquake Engineering

NSCP 2015 Chapter 2 – Minimum DesignLocation
Loads (Wind Loads,
CCP Section
Complex, 207D)
Pasay City 72
Topography Homogeneous
SOLUTION Terrain Suburban
Dimensions 6m x 18m solid sign
Framing 10m high with 1m diameter moderately
Force coefficient, 𝐶𝑓 for pipe supports smooth steel pipe support

𝐷 𝑞𝑧 = 1 1604.350 = 40.054 Figure 207D.5-1 (p. 2-128)

Where:
𝐷 – diameter of the supports
𝑞𝑧 - in N/m2

Since the support is considered moderately smooth, 𝐷 𝑞𝑧 > 5.3, and ℎ/𝐷 =
10.0
Note:
ℎ = 10.0 m
𝐷 = 1.0 m

Through linear interpolation,

𝐶𝑓 = 0.617
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SOLUTION
Wind force, 𝐹 for pipe supports

The wind force, 𝐹, for pipe supports shall be determined as

𝐹 = 𝑞𝑧 𝐺𝐶𝑓 𝐴𝑓 , N/m Equation 207D.5-1

Solving for 𝐹 and substituting in the equation,

At 𝑧 = 4.5 m
𝐹 = (1.604)(1.269)(0.617)(1)
𝐹 = 1.256 kN/m (for one pole)
𝐹 = 2.512 kN/m (for two poles)

At 𝑧 = 6.0 m
𝐹 = (1.741)(1.269)(0.617)(1)
𝐹 = 1.363 kN/m (for one pole)
𝐹 = 2.726 kN/m (for two poles)

At 𝑧 = 10.0 m
𝐹 = (2.011)(1.269)(0.617)(1)
𝐹 = 1.575 kN/m (for one pole)
𝐹 = 3.149 kN/m (for two poles)

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SOLUTION
Wind force, 𝐹 for pipe supports
(elevation view)

𝐹 = 3.149 kN/m

𝐹 = 2.726 kN/m

𝐹 = 2.512 kN/m

Wind force for pipe supports

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SOLUTION
Wind force, 𝐹 for pipe supports

The wind force, 𝐹, for pipe supports shall be determined as

𝐹 = 𝑞𝑧 𝐺𝐶𝑓 𝐴𝑓 , N/m Equation 207D.5-1

Solving for 𝐹 and substituting in the equation,

At 𝑧 = 4.5 m
𝐹 = (1.604)(1.269)(0.617)(1 ∗ 4.5)
𝐹 = 5.624 kN (for one pole)
𝐹 = 11.248 kN (for two poles)
At 𝑧 = 4.5 m
𝐹 = (1.604)(1.269)(0.617)(1)
𝐹 = 1.256 kN/m (for one pole)
𝐹 = 2.512 kN/m (for two poles)

At 𝑧 = 6.0 m
𝐹 = (1.741)(1.269)(0.617)(1 ∗ (6 − 4.5))
𝐹 = 2.045 kN (for one pole)
𝐹 = 4.089 kN (for two poles)
At 𝑧 = 10.0 m
𝐹 = (2.011)(1.269)(0.617)(1 ∗ (10 − 6))
𝐹 = 6.298 kN (for one pole)
𝐹 = 12.596 kN (for two poles)
At 𝑧 = 6.0 m
𝐹 = (1.741)(1.269)(0.617)(1)
𝐹 = 1.363 kN/m (for one pole)
𝐹 = 2.726 kN/m (for two poles)
At 𝑧 = 10.0 m
𝐹 = (2.011)(1.269)(0.617)(1)
𝐹 = 1.575 kN/m (for one pole)
𝐹 = 3.149 kN/m (for two poles)

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SOLUTION
Wind force, 𝐹 for pipe supports

𝐹 = 12.596 kN 𝐹 = 3.149 kN/m

𝐹 = 4.089 kN 𝐹 = 2.726 kN/m

𝐹 = 11.248 kN 𝐹 = 2.512 kN/m

Wind force for pipe supports

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ASSIGNMENT # 2 (for this topic)

Determine the wind force, 𝐹 for the following chimney structure below:

Dia = 3.66m

Site Details:
• A steel chimney with circular cross section is
18.30 m high with a uniform diameter of 3.66 m
and has a moderately smooth surface.
• It is located on a flat terrain with Exposure D
Dia = 18.30m

• G = 1.29
• Kzt = 1.0
• V = 290 kph

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CE 2232: Wind and Earthquake Engineering