MENDOZA, JAN REYNALD G.

ACTIVITY # 1:

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS ABOUT VIBRATION ENGINEERING:

1. AMPLITUDE OF VIBRATION
THE DISTANCE FROM THE STATIONARY POSITION TO THE EXTREME POSITION ON EITHER SIDE
AND IS MEASURED IN METERS
2. ARISTOTLE
ARISTOTLE WAS AN ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHER AND POLYMATH. HIS WRITINGS COVER A
BROAD RANGE OF SUBJECTS SPANNING THE NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILOSOPHY, LINGUISTICS,
ECONOMICS, POLITICS, PSYCHOLOGY AND THE ARTS.
3. ARISTOXENUS
ARISTOXENUS OF TARENTUM WAS A GREEK PERIPATETIC PHILOSOPHER, AND A PUPIL OF
ARISTOTLE. MOST OF HIS WRITINGS, WHICH DEALT WITH PHILOSOPHY, ETHICS AND MUSIC,
HAVE BEEN LOST, BUT ONE MUSICAL TREATISE, ELEMENTS OF HARMONY,
4. ASYMPTOTICALLY STABLE
IF ITS RESPONSE TO ANY INITIAL CONDITIONS DECAYS TO ZERO ASYMPTOTICALLY IN THE STEADY
STATE
5. BEATS
 IS AN INTERFERENCE PATTERN BETWEEN TWO SOUNDS OF SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES,
PERCEIVED AS A PERIODIC VARIATION IN VOLUME WHOSE RATE IS THE DIFFERENCE OF THE TWO
FREQUENCIES.
6. CHARLES COULOMB
HE IS BEST KNOWN AS THE EPONYMOUS DISCOVERER OF WHAT IS NOW CALLED COULOMB'S
LAW, THE DESCRIPTION OF THE ELECTROSTATIC FORCE OF ATTRACTION AND REPULSION.
7. CONSTANT DAMPING
THE FRICTION FORCE ACTS IN A DIRECTION OPPOSITE TO THE DIRECTION OF VELOCITY.
COULOMB DAMPING IS SOMETIMES CALLED CONSTANT DAMPING
8. CONTINUOUS OR DISTRIBUTED.
CONTINUOUS CYCLIC MOTION OF A STRUCTURE OR A COMPONENT.
9. COULOMB OR DRY-FRICTION DAMPING
OCCURS AT THE INTERFACE BETWEEN TWO BODIES IN RELATIVE MOTION WITH CONTACT.
10. COULOMB 'S LAW OF DRY FRICTION
THE RESISTANCE FORCE APPLIED TO A BODY FROM A FLAT SURFACE ALONG WHICH THE BODY
RESTS IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE FORCE THAT PRESSES THIS BODY TO THE SURFACE.
11. CYCLE OF VIBRATION
 OCCURS WHEN THE OBJECT MOVES FROM ONE EXTREME POSITION TO THE OTHER EXTREME,
AND BACK AGAIN
12. D ALEMBERT
 D'ALEMBERT WAS A FRENCH MATHEMATICIAN, MECHANICIAN, PHYSICIST, PHILOSOPHER, AND
MUSIC THEORIST.
13. D ALEMBERT S PRINCIPLE.
HE RESULTANT OF THE EXTERNAL FORCES F AND THE KINETIC REACTION ACTING ON A BODY
EQUALS ZERO. 
14. DAMPED
IS AN INFLUENCE WITHIN OR UPON AN OSCILLATORY SYSTEM THAT HAS THE EFFECT OF
REDUCING OR PREVENTING ITS OSCILLATION.
15. DAMPED VIBRATION
WHEN THE ENERGY OF A VIBRATING SYSTEM IS GRADUALLY DISSIPATED BY FRICTION AND
OTHER RESISTANCES, THE VIBRATIONS ARE SAID TO BE DAMPED.
16. DAMPING
RESTRAINING OF VIBRATORY MOTION, SUCH AS MECHANICAL OSCILLATIONS, NOISE, AND
ALTERNATING ELECTRIC CURRENTS, BY DISSIPATION OF ENERGY.
17. DECIBEL
 IS A RELATIVE UNIT OF MEASUREMENT EQUAL TO ONE TENTH OF A BEL.
18. DERIVATION OF GOVERNING EQUATIONS.
THE GOVERNING EQUATIONS OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL DESCRIBE HOW THE VALUES OF THE
UNKNOWN VARIABLES
19. DETERMINISTIC
A DETERMINISTIC MODEL WILL THUS ALWAYS PRODUCE THE SAME OUTPUT FROM A GIVEN
STARTING CONDITION OR INITIAL STATE
20. DISCRETE OR LUMPED
SYSTEMS WITH A FINITE NUMBER OF DEGREES OF FREEDOM ARE CALLED DISCRETE OR LUMPED
21. DIVERGENT INSTABILITY
IN AN UNSTABLE SYSTEM, THE FREE-VIBRATION RESPONSE MAY GROW WITHOUT BOUND WITH
NO OSCILLATIONS OR IT MAY GROW WITHOUT BOUND WITH OSCILLATIONS. THE FIRST
BEHAVIOR IS CALLED DIVERGENT INSTABILITY
22. FLUTTER INSTABILITY
IS A DYNAMIC INSTABILITY OCCURRING IN FLIGHT, AT A SPEED. CALLED THE FLUTTER SPEED,
WHERE THE ELASTICITY OF THE STRUCTURE PLAYS AN ESSENTIAL PART IN THE INSTABILITY OF
FIXED SURFACES
23. FORCED VIBRATION
 OCCURS WHEN MOTION IS SUSTAINED OR DRIVEN BY AN APPLIED PERIODIC FORCE IN EITHER
DAMPED OR UNDAMPED SYSTEMS.
24. FREE VIBRATION
WHERE THERE IS NO EXTERNALLY APPLIED VIBRATING FORCING.
25. FREQUENCY OF OSCILLATION
THE NUMBER OF OSCILLATIONS IN THE ONE-TIME UNIT, SAYS IN A SECOND.
26. G. R. KIRCHHOFF
GUSTAV ROBERT KIRCHHOFF WAS A GERMAN PHYSICIST WHO CONTRIBUTED TO THE
FUNDAMENTAL UNDERSTANDING OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS, SPECTROSCOPY, AND THE EMISSION
OF BLACK-BODY RADIATION BY HEATED OBJECTS
27. GALILEO GALILEI
 WAS AN ITALIAN ASTRONOMER, PHYSICIST AND ENGINEER, SOMETIMES DESCRIBED AS A
POLYMATH.
28. GIBBS PHENOMENON.
REFLECTS THE DIFFICULTY INHERENT IN APPROXIMATING A DISCONTINUOUS FUNCTION BY A
FINITE SERIES OF CONTINUOUS SINUSOIDAL WAVES
29. HARMONIC MOTION
HE MOTION AN OSCILLATING MASS EXPERIENCES WHEN THE RESTORING FORCE IS
PROPORTIONAL TO THE DISPLACEMENT, BUT IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS
30. INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS.
A DISCUSSION OF THE EVIDENCE GATHERED.
31. JEAN D ALEMBERT
WAS A FRENCH MATHEMATICIAN, MECHANICIAN, PHYSICIST, PHILOSOPHER, AND MUSIC
THEORIST. UNTIL 1759 HE WAS, TOGETHER WITH DENIS DIDEROT, A CO-EDITOR OF THE
ENCYCLOPEDIA. D'ALEMBERT'S FORMULA FOR OBTAINING SOLUTIONS TO THE WAVE EQUATION
IS NAMED AFTER HIM
32. JOSEPH LAGRANGE
JOSEPH-LOUIS LAGRANGE, ALSO REPORTED AS GIUSEPPE LUIGI LAGRANGE OR LAGRANGIA, WAS
AN ITALIAN MATHEMATICIAN, PHYSICIST AND ASTRONOMER, LATER NATURALIZED FRENCH. HE
MADE SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FIELDS OF ANALYSIS, NUMBER THEORY, AND BOTH
CLASSICAL AND CELESTIAL MECHANICS.
33. LINEAR VIBRATION
 IF ALL THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF A VIBRATORY SYSTEM – THE SPRING THE. MASS AND THE
DAMPER BEHAVE LINEARLY, THE RESULTING VIBRATION IS KNOWN AS LINEAR
34. MATERIAL OR SOLID OR HYSTERETIC DAMPING
DUE TO INTERNAL FRICTION WITHIN THE MATERIAL ITSELF
35. MATHEMATICAL MODELING
THE PROCESS OF CREATING A MATHEMATICAL REPRESENTATION OF A REAL-WORLD SCENARIO
TO MAKE A PREDICTION OR PROVIDE INSIGHT.
36. MONOCHORD
ALSO KNOWN AS SONOMETER, IS AN ANCIENT MUSICAL AND SCIENTIFIC LABORATORY
INSTRUMENT, INVOLVING ONE STRING.
37. NANGA
THE NANGA, RESEMBLED A HARP WITH THREE OR FOUR STRINGS, EACH YIELDING ONLY ONE
NOTE. 
38. NATURAL FREQUENCY
THE FREQUENCY AT WHICH A SYSTEM TENDS TO OSCILLATE IN THE ABSENCE OF ANY DRIVING
FORCE.
39. NONDETERMINISTIC OR RANDOM
A RANDOM PROCESS REPRESENTS AN ENSEMBLE OF TIME FUNCTIONS, THE VALUE OF WHICH
AT ANY GIVEN TIME CANNOT BE PRE-DETERMINED OR SPECIFIED THUS A NON-DETERMINISTIC
PROCESS
40. NONLINEAR VIBRATION
 IF ANY OF THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF A VIBRATING SYSTEM BEHAVE NONLINEARLY, THE
NONLINEAR VIBRATION OCCURS.
41. OCTAVE BAND
 THE INTERVAL BETWEEN ONE FREQUENCY AND ITS DOUBLE OR ITS HALF
42. PERIOD OF OSCILLATION
THE TIME FOR ONE OSCILLATION IS THE PERIOD T.
43. PERIODIC MOTION
MOTION REPEATED IN EQUAL INTERVALS OF TIME.
44. PYTHAGORAS
WAS AN ANCIENT IONIAN GREEK PHILOSOPHER, POLYMATH AND THE EPONYMOUS FOUNDER
OF PYTHAGOREANISM. 
45. RANDOM VIBRATION
ONE WHOSE ABSOLUTE VALUE IS NOT PREDICTABLE AT ANY POINT IN TIME.
46. RAYLEIGH S METHOD.
A CONCEPTUAL TOOL USED IN PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND ENGINEERING
47. RESONANCE
RELATIVELY LARGE SELECTIVE RESPONSE OF AN OBJECT OR A SYSTEM THAT VIBRATES IN STEP OR
PHASE, WITH AN EXTERNALLY APPLIED OSCILLATORY FORCE
48. ROBERT HOOKE
ROBERT HOOKE FRS WAS AN ENGLISH POLYMATH ACTIVE AS A SCIENTIST, NATURAL
PHILOSOPHER AND ARCHITECT, WHO IS CREDITED TO BE ONE OF THE FIRST TWO SCIENTISTS TO
DISCOVER MICROORGANISMS IN 1665 USING A COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
49. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
A MOTION IN WHICH THE RESTORING FORCE IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE
DISPLACEMENT OF THE BODY FROM ITS MEAN POSITION
50. SIR ISAAC NEWTON
WAS AN ENGLISH MATHEMATICIAN, PHYSICIST, ASTRONOMER, ALCHEMIST, THEOLOGIAN, AND
AUTHOR WHO WAS DESCRIBED IN HIS TIME AS A NATURAL PHILOSOPHER. HE WAS A KEY
FIGURE IN THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT 
51. SOLUTION OF THE GOVERNING EQUATIONS.
THE EQUATIONS OF MOTION MUST BE SOLVED TO FIND THE RESPONSE OF THE VIBRATING
SYSTEM. DEPENDING ON THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM, WE CAN USE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING
TECHNIQUES FOR FINDING THE SOLUTION: STANDARD METHODS OF SOLVING DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS, LAPLACE TRANSFORM METHODS, MATRIX METHODS,1 AND NUMERICAL
METHODS.
52. STABLE
IF ITS FREE-VIBRATION RESPONSE APPROACHES ZERO AS TIME APPROACHES INFINITY.

53. STEPHEN TIMOSHENKO

WAS AN ETHNIC UKRAINIAN, CITIZEN OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND LATER, AN AMERICAN
ENGINEER AND ACADEMICIAN. HE IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE FATHER OF MODERN
ENGINEERING MECHANICS

54. THE NUMBER OF DEGREES OF FREEDOM OF THE SYSTEM

THE DEGREES OF FREEDOM OF A SYSTEM ARE THE NUMBER OF INTENSIVE STATE VARIABLES
55. TORSIONAL VIBRATION
 OSCILLATORY TWISTING OF THE SHAFTS IN A ROTOR ASSEMBLY THAT IS SUPERIMPOSED TO THE
RUNNING SPEED
56. UNDAMPED SYSTEM
THERE ARE NO ENERGY LOSSES WITH MOVEMENT 
57. UNDAMPED VIBRATION
IF NO ENERGY IS LOST OR DISSIPATED IN FRICTION OR OTHER RESISTANCE DURING OSCILLATION,
THE VIBRATION IS KNOWN AS UNDAMPED VIBRATION
58. VIBRATION OR OSCILLATION
IS USED FOR MOTION THAT IS QUITE FAST, WHILE “OSCILLATION” IS USED FOR SLOWER MOTION
59. VIBRATORY SYSTEM
MEANS FOR STORING POTENTIAL ENERGY SPRING, MEANS FOR STORING KINETIC ENERGY MASS
OR INERTIA, AND MEANS BY WHICH THE ENERGY IS GRADUALLY LOST DAMPER.
60. VISCOUS DAMPING
DAMPING THAT IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE VELOCITY OF THE SYSTEM. THAT IS, THE FASTER THE
MASS IS MOVING, THE MORE DAMPING FORCE IS RESISTING THAT MOTION. 
61. ZHANG HENG
AS A CHINESE POLYMATHIC SCIENTIST AND STATESMAN WHO LIVED DURING THE HAN DYNASTY.