The Impact of Online Learning on The Major Academic Performance of

Hospitality Management Students of Mindanao Polytechnic College

As Undergraduate Thesis

Presented to the

Faculty and Staff

of Mindanao Polytechnic College

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management

by:

Gabales, Kristia Mae C.

Galang, Ma. Eloisa
Labastida, Via Mae
Pisan, Mayline O.
Puig, Jimmy James

October 2021
 CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND THE SETTING

INTRODUCTION
The term online learning refers to education that occurs over the internet. It is

also known as e-learning among the things. Online learning, on the other hand, is

only one sort of distance learning. Any teaching that takes place virtually, in an

online setting is referred to as online learning. It refers to any form of study that

students can conduct using a tablet, smartphone or laptop. And from the other side,

face-to-face learning is teaching that is given in person, either one on one or in a

group environment. It is normally held at a specified time and location and cannot be

accessible on demand.

The students also reported some challenges that they faced during their

online classes. These include anxiety, depression, poor internet connection, time

management, distractions everywhere, adaptability and some students being left

behind. Although students have issues in the online learning system, teachers

encounter challenges in providing education through digital media due to the internet

connection as well as data costs. There is also an absence of the necessary

technology for teachers to provide online education, unequal access for all students,

and limited technical assistance.

In view of this research gap, the study will review the COVID-19 pandemic

and its impact on the hospitality management students’ academic performance,

particularly in their major academic performance during online learning. The

researchers conduct this study to overcome the problems facing by the hospitality

management students in terms of their academic performance in online learning.

Therefore, the researcher stimulated to the study researched entitled “The Impact of

Online Learning on The Major Academic Performance of Hospitality Management

Students of Mindanao Polytechnic College”

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study will aim to determine Impact of Online Learning in the Major

Academic Performance of Hospitality Management Students of Mindanao

Polytechnic College.

Specifically, it will answer to the following questions:

1.) The significance difference between the academic performances on online

learning are analyze according to demographic profile of the respondents.

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Marital Status

1.4 Ethnicity

1.5 Year Level

1.6 Economic Status

1.7 Devices Available at Home

2.) What are the advantages on the level of academic performance of hospitality

management students of Mindanao Polytechnic College?

2.1 Attendance

2.2 Recitation

2.3 Quiz
2.4 Video Conferencing Class

3.) What are the disadvantages of online learning on the academic performance of

hospitality management students of Mindanao Polytechnic College?

3.1 Attendance

3.2 Recitation

3.3 Quiz

3.4 Video Conferencing Class

4.) What is the level of academic performance on online learning in terms, of;

4.1 Housekeeping Operations

4.2 Bread and Pastry

4.3 Asian Cuisine

4.4 Bar and Beverage Management

4.5 Front Office Operations

5.) How do HM students feel about online learning in terms of academic

performance?

HYPOTHESIS

Ho1. There are advantages on the level of academic performance of hospitality

management students of Mindanao Polytechnic College.

Ho2. There are the disadvantages of online learning on the academic performance

of hospitality management students of Mindanao Polytechnic College.

Ho3. The level of academic performance differs in each major subject.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The useful and relevant information that will be acquire from the study will

eventually help for the following purpose:

Students. The study could give students the knowledge on how to the online

learning can impact their academic performance and this will help them improve their

studies during the pandemic.

Instructors. The study will help the teachers to create and enhance their

teaching techniques that will be useful and more efficient for them and also for the

students. This study will help the teachers develop a good relationship among

students.

Parents. The study will help the parents to know how the online learning

affects their children and how they can guide them on this school year throughout

the pandemic.

Researchers. In doing the study, the researchers will acquire new knowledge

that they can use in their life. This study can enlighten their thinking in terms of the

reality of life.

Future Researchers. This study will serve as a reference material and a

guide for future researchers who wish to conduct the same study related to the

research title.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE RESEARCH

This study will focus on the impact of online learning on the academic

performance on major academic subjects namely; (1) Housekeeping Operations, (2)

Bread and Pastry, (3) Asian Cuisine, (4) Bar and Beverage Management, and (5)

Front Office Operations. The study will delimit to 124 Hospitality Management

students who were currently enrolled for the academic year 2021-2022.
 CHAPTER ll

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies that bears

significance to this present study.

RELATED LITERATURE

In order to keep minds in the sector, hospitality management programs have

traditionally offered special learning opportunities to outstanding students. While

academic performance metrics are frequently employed in the education sector to

identify brains, there has been little empirical research on whether brains are

intended to stay in the industry. The findings of this study add to the existing

literature on the association between academic performance and job goals. (Patrick

C Lee & Andy Lee, 2018)

Based on Huiyue Ye (2021), The hospitality industry's rapid expansion has

resulted in a significant demand for hospitality industry higher education. Its

curriculum and teaching methodology are not like regular courses. Education should

not just focus on academic curriculum, but should also give chances for practice at

the local and global levels. This group has a high risk of infection when traveling

between schools and industrial sites (e.g., hotels, restaurants).

In a blended educational context, little is known about the learning skills that

enhance academic performance. This research looks at distant education and

focuses on the self-regulation literature to see what skills can predict learning
achievement. Intrinsic goal orientation, self-regulatory traits, time and study

environment management, help seeking, and Internet self-efficacy were found as

five attributes that are likely to predict academic performance. (Hind Al Fadda ,2019)

Social media overload has grown common among students as a new

phenomenon, with major negative implications. This study claims that information,

communication, and social overloads might influence two psychological strains

among students, technostress and tiredness, and hence affect their behavioral

outcome in academic performance, according to the stressor–strain–outcome

paradigm (Chenling Shi, 2020)

Classroom teaching, on the other hand, is a long-standing educational

medium in which teaching style and organization have been honed over decades.

Face-to-face training provides a number of advantages over its online counterpart.

(Xu and Jaggars, 2016)

Online learning has emerged as a critical paradigm of modern education,

allowing students to have more individualized and flexible learning experiences.

Distance learning between teachers and students is demonstrated through online

learning. All teaching materials and topic assessments are conducted and assessed

through virtual platforms in this learning style. (Adel, 2017)

According to Digital Marketing (2018) For quite some time, online learning has

been transforming the face of the education system. It is becoming an essential

component and widely used instrument in the larger landscape of higher education.

Aside from giving an alternate method of learning in the digital era, online courses

allow adults and working professionals to gain new skills or improve on current ones.
Because of the flexible and participatory character of online learning, it is very

successful in career growth, boosting the employability of many students and better

preparing faculty members to operate in the digital age. Some may claim that it is

superior to classroom-based learning.

Online platforms are used for all classes, including theory, laboratory, and

practicum. These criteria do not exempt hospitality education. Online learning has

proven to be an excellent supplement to offline teaching and learning in the

hospitality industry. The majority of educators are unprepared for this abrupt change.

(Maslen, 2020)

As stated by Sander Tamm (2019), online learning is a pedagogy or a method

of teaching that occurs over the Internet via electronic or digital technologies. One

would say online learning is a type of distance learning because of the different types

that distance learning has. Some of the types of distance learning entails the

correspondence classes whereby learning is carried out via regular mail, for example

Bible Study courses.

On the article of (Abigail Mitchell, 2014) Educator’s role is to facilitate online

discussions and providing structure. Learning outcomes for the student is essential.

There are online teaching strategies that could enhance a student’s perception of

engagement, increase retention, and satisfaction. Open the course at least one week

prior to traditional classes starting, post a brief introduction of yourself, with a current

picture, provide links, discussions should be weekly, informal or formal, use rubrics

for grading online discussions and assignments, provide syllabus, course schedule,

and your expectations of the student, online office hours, provide the student with

campus office hours and your email.

 Patrick C. Lee & Zhenxing Mao (2016) Students' actions, effort, and tenacity

are influenced by self-efficacy, and it can assist predict their motivation and

academic achievement. The purpose of this study is to look at the link between self-

efficacy, preferred learning techniques, and academic achievement in a unique

hospitality classroom environment. According to the findings, hotel management

students prefer a “learn by doing” approach to computer-based learning and

lecturing. According to the findings of this study, self-efficacy influences academic

achievement in both lecture and practical learning in hospitality education. However,

pupils' preferences for learning techniques have little bearing on their academic

achievement. In addition to hiring faculty members with considerable industry

expertise, it is advised that “learn by doing” be emphasized in the hospitality higher

education curriculum. When using diverse teaching techniques, it is advised that

teachers identify ways to enhance students' self-efficacy.

Among barriers to online learning, the most frequently encountered were

difficulty adjusting learning styles, having to perform responsibilities at home, and

poor communication or lack of clear directions from educators. Approximately two-

thirds of the respondents always or often confronted these barriers. Lack of physical

space conducive for studying and mental health difficulties were also common. The

data showed that the availability of fast and reliable internet connection was a bigger

concern than either device ownership or technical aptitude. One out of ten students

always or often lacked basic needs such as food, water, medicine, and security.

(Ronnie E. Baticulon, MD1,2 and Colleagues, 2020)

 The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the learning environment of institutions

at all levels, from kindergarten to doctoral degrees, and it is vital to evaluate the

success of learning outcome metrics and satisfaction throughout this pandemic. The

anxiety, perceived learning, and pleasure of students are investigated using

personality factors in this study. (Baber, 2020)

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Based on Naveen K M (2021), Online education has gained immense

popularity among working professionals and students pursuing higher education.

These categories of online learners find immense benefit in the autonomy and

flexibility that these courses offer. Online courses can be planned around their

schedule which may include full-time employment, internships and caring for family.

Online learning can also help them take out some quiet time to study. On the other

hand, Naveen K M (2021) that Virtual training resources and online courses are

proliferating in traditional education. Online courses need more drive and self-

discipline than classroom-based courses. A classroom has one or more professors

as well as peers who can keep students accountable for their course work. Online

courses, on the other hand, require us to establish our own goals, measure our

progress, and meet deadlines. Stephen Armstrong (2020) also believed that

Students have the chance to study in their own time and especially for free. An

access to all resources of a traditional course helps participants learn wherever they

are. With basically an Internet connection, a person can attend different courses.

Online learning can be difficult, if it is meant for disciplines that involve practice.

Stephen Armstrong (2020) stated that “online learning should be seen as a

complement and extension of classical forms of learning. Not even the best online

course can fully replace the personal contact with a teacher, or the human

relationships that develop in a group. So, traditional classes shouldn’t be replaced

with online learning.”

According to Elliott and Dweck (1988, p11), an accomplishment objective

"involves a program of cognitive processes with cognitive, emotional, and behavioral

consequences." According to this theory, students' motivation and achievement-

related actions may be simply understood by the goal and reasons they adopted

when engaged in learning activities. According to some research, there are four

methods to achieving a goal: mastery approach, mastery avoidance, performance

approach, and performance-avoidance (Hansen & Ringdal, 2018; Mouratidis et al.,

2018). Students' performance is also influenced by their surroundings. Traditionally,

classroom teaching has been an efficient means of accomplishing the objective; but,

in the current day, internet-based teaching is also an excellent instrument for

delivering lectures, and web-based apps are becoming modern classrooms (Azlan et

al., 2020).

RESEARCH GAP

Literatures and studies about COVID-19 are spreading all over internet, but

based on the review it is evident that there is no existing study conducted about or

related to the Impact of Online Learning on The Major Academic Performance of

Hospitality Management Students of Mindanao Polytechnic College.

 As mentioned by Baum et al., (2020) despite extensive evaluations of COVID-

19's influence on the hospitality and tourism industry's three-tiered workforce, there

is no research on its impact on hospitality management students’ education.

Several scholars have stated that hospitality and tourism education should not

only focus on theoretical curriculums, but also provide possibilities for local and

global experience (Liburd et al., 2018). During the pandemic, such diverse learning

contexts resulted in more crises in hospitality and tourism education than in regular

higher education courses. Because hospitality and tourism education involved tight

collaboration between instructors, industry practitioners, and students, this group

faces a significant risk of infection when traveling between schools and industrial

sites (e.g., hotels, restaurants). Some practical courses in hospitality and tourism

education may demand professional equipment that is available in industrial settings.

As a result, hospitality and tourism educators should think about altering traditional

teaching approaches to ensure that online and offline courses are of equal quality.

In view of this research gap, this study will review the COVID-19 pandemic

and its impact on hospitality management students’ academic performance,

particularly in their major academic performance during online learning. The

literature review shows the substantial knowledge concerning online learning,

education during pandemic, and hospitality industry. Although, online learning

studies are extensive, few researchers have been conducted to explore the topic

limited study here on the Philippines particularly in General Santos City.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

(ADVANTAGES)
Attendance
Recitation
Quiz
Video Conferencing Class

MAJOR ACADEMIC
IMPACT OF PERFORMANCE OF
ONLINE HOSPITALITY
LEARNING MANAGEMENT
(DISADVANTAGES) STUDENTS
Attendance
Recitation
Quiz
Video Conferencing Class

(MAJOR SUBJECTS)
Housekeeping Operations
Bread and Pastry
Asian Cuisine
Bar and Beverage Management
Front Office Operations

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

 The dependent variable of the study is the impact of online learning. On the

other hand, the independent variable in the study is the major academic performance

of Hospitality Management students.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

For clarity and better understanding, terms used are hereby defined in relation

to the problem of the study.

Online education - is taking classes on the internet. The Mindanao

Polytechnic College are using this type of supplementary teaching tool in all of their

courses including the BSHM since the start of academic year 2020-2021 up to the

present.

Academic performance - is the measurement of student achievement across

various academic subjects.

Hospitality Management - is the field of management of businesses in

the hospitality sector and also a degree program offered by Mindanao Polytechnic

College.

Video Conferencing - is a meeting with two or more participants who are

participating from different locations. The Mindanao Polytechnic College uses

different video conferencing apps and websites such as Zoom and Google Meet

which be used by professors for hosting classes, webinars, and more.

 COVID-19 - is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This

pandemic caused Mindanao Polytechnic College to switch from traditional learning to

online learning.

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the research design, locale of the study, the

research instrument, respondents and sampling used, data gathering procedure,

statistical treatment of data and ethical considerations. It presents how the

researcher obtains the necessary data for the completion for the completion of the

study.

Research Design

This study will use the descriptive correlative survey method to identify the

Impact of Online Learning on The Major Academic Performance of Hospitality

Management Students of Mindanao Polytechnic College. According to McCombes

(2019), descriptive research aims to accurately and systematically describe a

population, situation or phenomenon. It can answer what, where, when and how

question but not the why question.

Local of the Study

This study will be conducted to the Hospitality Management Students of

Mindanao Polytechnic College, General Santos City.

Respondents of the study

The respondents of this study will be the Hospitality Management Students

who are currently enrolled for A.Y 2021-2022 of Mindanao Polytechnic College.

Research Instrument

The researchers will formulate a questionnaire to determine the Impact of

Online Learning on The Major Academic Performance of Hospitality Management

Students of Mindanao Polytechnic College. The first section requested information

such as name, age, gender, and course, marital status, ethnicity, economic status,

and devices available at home. The second section is included items that describe

the Major Academic Performance of Hospitality Management Students of Mindanao

Polytechnic College.

Sampling technique

The Hospital Management students will be randomly selected and sampling

technique will be used in determining the sample size of the student’s respondents.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will gather the data by observing the following

procedures:

Asking permission to conduct this study. The researchers will ask for

the consent of the respondents before conducting study.

 Formulation of survey questionnaire. The researcher will formulate a

questionnaire.

Validation of questions. The researchers will seek the help of the

research validators to validate the questionnaire to ensure the validity of the data

gathered.

Distribution of questionnaire. The questionnaire will be distributed to

respondents. A casual randomly interview will personally conducted by phone call,

messenger, Facebook, and video call. To supplement and reinforce the data

gathered

Retrieval and collation of data. The researchers will immediately

retrieve the questionnaires after the respondents are done answering them.

Tallying of data. The data extracted from the instruments will be tallied,

tabulated, and interpreted.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The data that are gathered will be processed and analyzed in accordance to

the objectives of the study.

Frequency, and Percentage will be utilized as statistical tools in describing

the Impact of Online Learning on The Major Academic Performance of Hospitality

Management Students of Mindanao Polytechnic College. The formulas are

presented as follows:

Frequency Count

Stat trek (2017) website that defines statical words, phrases and questions,

stated that frequency count is a measure of the number of times that an event

occurs.
Percentage

Formula: %=F/Nx100

Where:

% is the percentage

f is the Frequency/number of Students

n is the total number of respondent

100 is the constant value

Ethical Consideration

Respondents in this research have the option to withdraw their participation at

any time. Aside from that, the researcher will respect the respondent's response. The

researcher should take responsibility for protecting the subjects from any harm that

may befall them, such as physical discomfort, mental stress, humiliation,

embarrassment, or any other scenario that places the participants at a disadvantage.

The researcher must put in place measures to protect data against unauthorized or

unlawful processing, as well as accidental loss, destruction, or damage.

Furthermore, the respondents' dignity and well-being shall be respected at all times.

Moreover, the name and information of the respondents will be kept anonymous and

protected.
Research Integrity- The researchers will not pressure respondents to take the

survey and will keep any personal information provided by respondents confidential.

Due to the obvious COVID-19 epidemic, face-to-face interviews are prohibited at this

time, thus the analysis will be conducted using protocols.

Risk-Benefit Assessment- The following are some of the key potential advantages

found by the research for participants: (a) increased understanding of themselves

and their current work circumstances through personal reflections or direct

communications with researchers; (b) satisfaction in being able to discuss their work

situation or problem with attentive, informed researchers; and (c) the ability to join in

the investigation; and (d) the satisfaction of knowing that the information provided will

help the organization.

Content, Comprehension and Documentation of Informed Consent- The

prospective respondent was informed of the study's purpose, procedures, and

anticipated potential benefits, as well as his or her right to voluntary participation, the

right to withdraw and terminate participation at any time, and the right to withhold

information prior to participating in the study. He or she also provided their complete

consent to participate. There was no inducement or pressure utilized to encourage

participants to participate in the study. The participants will be given a permission

form by the researcher.