COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE ONLINE LEARNING

AND MODULAR LEARNING ON STEM STUDENTS

AT VALENCIA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

A Qualitative Research
presented to the Faculty of Senior High School
VALENCIA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Valencia City, Bukidnon

in partial fulfillment of the requirements in

INQUIRIE, IMMERSION AND INVESTIGATION

Lopez, Lhaika Zyreme L

Balalio, Vee Gee Zoe C
Pendon, Lordelene M

Grade 12-STEM

Ms. Fatima D. Oguimas

Research Adviser

November 2020
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Today, as a new pandemic had arisen, many changes had emerged that had

affected the learning modality of students. Corona virus disease of 2019 proves that

change is intermittent. It had changed everything on sight, several changes involve the

normal way of living of humanity. Where a number of casualties are concerning the

students. Students, participating in the home-learning program or online schooling were

confused in adjusting in the new modality of learning in the sense that this type of

method had not been prepared through simulations or practices beforehand. Students

had reported the home-learning program to be even more stressful than regular

classroom sessions. The continuation of educational activities in the Philippines due to

the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an unprepared shifting of the methods of

learning, from the traditional method of learning into a method of learning that

exclusively involves the digital means of teaching and learning (R. Khalil, A. Mansour, W

Fadda et al., 2020). According to the Department of Education (DepEd) survey, modular

learning is most preferred by the parents than online learning.

This study emphasizes the difference of online and modular style of learning. To

better understand and comprehend this study, the researchers had made a thorough

survey in which, they had interviewed certain respondents with questions where, the

researcher had asked whichever is hard to deal with, the online style of learning or the

modular type of learning. The acquired data from the respondents then act as a basis of

analysis in the evaluation of the study. The collected data will be used to compare the
benefits and losses in terms of educational attainment of students through the practice

of online and modular type of learning.

Thus, the researchers agreed to conduct this study to determine which is hard to

deal with, the online style of learning or the modular type of learning on STEM Students

of Valencia National High School.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to compare the pros and cons between Online Learning and

Modular Learning on STEM Students of Valencia National High School for S.Y. 2020-

2021

Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the effects of online learning on STEM students in terms of:

a. lifestyle?

b. study habit?

c. academic performance?

2. What is the effects of modular learning on STEM students in terms of:

a. lifestyle?

b. study habit?

c. academic performance?

3. What is the advantages and disadvantages of online learning and modular

learning?

4. What is the student’s learning preference between online learning and

modular learning?
Objectives of the Study

The study primary aims to assess the effects online learning and modular

learning on STEM students of Valencia National High School for S.Y. 2020-2021

Specifically, it aims to:

1. determine the effect of online learning on stem students in terms of:

a. lifestyle?

b. study habit?

c. academic performance?

2. determine the effect of modular learning on stem students in terms of:

a. lifestyle?

b. study habit?

c. academic performance?

3. examine the advantages and disadvantages of online learning and modular

learning

4. identify the student’s learning preference whether online or modular learning

Significance of the Study

The study aims to determine, evaluate, and find out the effects of online learning

and modular learning on the student’s performance among the Grade twelve (12) STEM

students of Valencia National High School. The results of this study will contribute latest

knowledge to the student of (VNHS), especially the STEM students. Studying the

effects of online learning and modular learning on the student’s performance may lead

to distinguish of the advantages and disadvantages that the student may accomplish
given that, the students are studying in a different method and the effects that the

process would bring unto the students, in relation to their usual study habit, academic

performance and accustomed lifestyle. Furthermore, the study will provide information

on the evaluation of the student’s respective outcome in employing the methods of

online learning and modular learning.

Scope and Delimitation

The study mainly focused on the advantages and disadvantages of the

online/modular way of learning to the performance of grade 12 senior high school

students of Valencia National High School. The study also focuses in analyzing the

study habit, academic performance and lifestyle of the students, where, the study will

examine how these types of learning will affect the student, with respect to their

adjustments in their usual way of learning or the so-called face-to-face learning, on how

they modified their academic approach in order to achieve good marks in school despite

of the transformation in the present method of learning. The study will be conducted in

the month of October 2020 to the month of November 2020, prior to the selected

participants specifically the Grade twelve (12) STEM students at Valencia, National,

High, School.
 Chapter 2
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Modular Learning to Students

In existing discussions about teaching and learning, the curriculum receives little

attention. Learning in higher inculcation, however indicates that in the sense of quality

assurance processes and benchmarking this could be vicissitude. There are several

techniques that are being used in teaching. Some of them are assignment process,

process of exploration, method of lecture, method of debate, programmed learning,

method of mission, field trip, method of case study, method of presentation, modularized

instruction. Teaching through a module is a self-taking package that manages a specific

subject / unit. It could be used in any situation that is beneficial to the learner and can

be completed at the basic speed of the learner[ CITATION Sad14 \l 1033 ]. Courses

modularization requires the packaging of course material, either theory or practical, into

shorter units that are technically self-contained, which together, they cover the content

that would be protected by a standard, longer course already[CITATION IAN06 \l 1033 ].

Advantages of Modular Learning

A modular presentation has many advantages. The most significant thing is that it

facilitates better assessment and more oriented revision and enhancement. It is simpler

and more cost-effective to change a module than to revise a course or one big

module[CITATION Bio15 \l 1033 ]. Once a week, teachers hand the written modules

over to the parents or guardians of students. These involve numerous events, debates,
and performance assignments that the students have to undertake on their

own[ CITATION Jim20 \l 1033 ].

Online Leaning

In the United States, a significant number of colleges and universities are

converting conventional face-to - face classes into entirely online, mixed, or web-

facilitated courses. This is partially because a growing and diverse student body wants

to retain a competitive edge and make classes more available. Online learning provides

the bonus of personalization, facilitating individualized attention and support when it is

needed most by students [ CITATION Joh04 \l 1033 ]. In addition to the online sense,

online learning encompasses a wide range of computer-based learning tools and

delivery mechanisms, genres, formats and media, such as digital, instructional

programming, simulations, games and the use of new media on fixed and mobile tools

across all disciplines [ CITATION Jar10 \l 1033 ].

Advantages of Online Learning

In traditional education, online courses and degree programs are more

convenient and cheaper than their counterparts[ CITATION Ste16 \l 1033 ]. As they are

not bound to a set timetable, students have the flexibility to juggle their careers and

education. Class meeting times are fixed in a typical classroom setting, and the student

has no authority over this, requiring them to work their schedules around these

dates[ CITATION Com20 \l 1033 ].

Academic Performance
 Training is regarded as a first step for all human activities in this age of

globalization and technological change. It is in such a structured manner that the

learner's knowledge, ability and desired attitude improve, but it is often seen in a given

class that there is a difference in achievement as a result of various factors that

influence students' academic achievement[ CITATION Ger15 \l 1033 ]. A general

concept of self-regulated academic learning and describes the distinctive characteristics

of this capacity to develop knowledge and skills, considering the effects of the self-

regulated learning perspective on the learning and achievement of students[CITATION

Muh15 \l 1033 ].

Students Study Habits

We remember that some students have the habit of regularly learning daily

lessons. Academic achievement refers to the quality of education and the potential to

achieve success in studies that have been successfully completed. In all academic

disciplines, it is often characterized as excellence rather than fatalistically embracing it

and striving against any level of excellence[ CITATION DrS14 \l 1033 ]. Inventories and

constructs of study patterns, skills, and attitudes were found to rival standardized tests

and previous grades as academic performance predictors, yielding considerable

incremental validity in predicting academic performance[CITATION Mar \l 1033 ].

Millennials are defined as concentrating on social interaction and connection with peers,

family and colleagues, and preferring to research and social activities focused on group

approaches. The characteristics usually assigned to millennial students are an attitude

towards information technology and a highly developed multitasking capacity[CITATION

Mar05 \l 1033 ].
Conceptual Framework

There are some theories that have been developed to describe how people learn

which serve as a springboard of the study

First theory is the social learning theory of Bandura, posits that people

learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling. It has often been

called a bridge behaviorist and cognitive learning attitude for it encompasses attention,

memory, and motivation.

Second is the behaviorism theory of Weegar and Diego (2012). According

to this theory, the behavior is determined by its consequences, reinforcements, and

punishments which make it more or less likely that the behavior will occur again.

Third is the theory of performance by Learning (1962), human is capable

of extraordinary accomplishments. A performer can either be an individual or a group of

people engaging in a collaborative effort.” Go to the moon in this decade and do other

things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard and that goal will serve to

organize and measure the best of our energies and skills”.

There are also views from the conflicts theories, one of it talks about the

educational system. The role of the educational system is an important part of the

conflict process including the concept that the expansion of educational opportunities for
members of the subordinate group facilitates the communication of grievances among

the group members which help them form their true collective interests.

Research Paradigm

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Senior High School Grade

Online Learning and Modular twelve (12) STEM Student’s
Learning
lifestyle, study habit and interest
in class participation.
Definition of Terms

Hypothesis of the Study

H0: There is no significant effect of Online Learning on the student’s

lifestyle and academic performance.

HA: There is a significant effect of Online Learning on the student’s

lifestyle and academic performance.

H0: There is no significant effect of Modular Learning on the student’s

lifestyle and academic performance.

HA: There is a significant effect of Modular Learning on the student’s

lifestyle and academic performance.

Definition of terms

Academic performance or academic achievement is the extent to which a

student, teacher or institution has attained their short or long-term educational goals.

Completion of educational benchmarks such as secondary school diplomas and

bachelor's degrees represent academic achievement.

Modular approach is an evolving trend in educational theory that transfers

conventional teaching approaches to a model of results-based learning. The theory of

splitting the curriculum into small discrete modules or units that are separate, non-

sequential, and usually short in length is based on modularization.

Online Learning is the training that takes place over the Internet is online

learning. Among other words, it is sometimes referred to as "e- learning." Online

learning, however, is only one type of "distance learning"-the umbrella term for any

distance learning that takes place in a traditional classroom and not in a traditional one.
 .

Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This qualitative research study utilized comparative research design. It sought to

understand the advantages and disadvantages of online learning and modular learning.

Furthermore, it examined to determine similarities and difference that are related to the

type of learning. Thus, this research design helped the researchers to interpret the

effects of online learning and modular learning on Grade twelve (12) STEM students.

Research Setting

This study will be conducted In Valencia National High School located at

Lapu-lapu street, Valencia City, 8709, Bukidnon. Valencia National High School in which

the available buildings cannot cater the growing number of enrollees every year. Hence,

the institution had undergone hindrances in providing astounding and practical teaching

on the students due to a large quantity of learners in every classroom in consideration

that the school is publicly welcome to all.

Sampling
 The The sampling method of the study is purposive sampling since the

respondents were purposively chosen for the study. The researchers gather 60 samples

of Grade Twelve (12) STEM students in Valencia National High School.

Research Participants

The participants of the study are Grade twelve (12) STEM students from Valencia

National High School. There are 60 participants that were asked by the researchers.

Data Collection Procedure

The researchers gathered information for the study through primary sources,

which include distribution of survey questionnaires which is composed of thirty (30)

items indicators with 4-likert scale, fieldwork notes, and official documents. Sixty (60)

respondents were randomly selected considering their availability. The administration of

survey questionnaires lasted for a week only. It was then retrieved personally by the

researchers. The data gathered was encoded, analyzed and interpreted.

Data Analysis Procedure

The answers of the respondents to the given questions were analyzed

through different levels of coding. Formulated codes were from the given answers of the

respondents on the different questions relayed to them. These codes were then

narrowed down into categories (Appendix C). The information collected from the survey

served as the template of determining the preference of Grade twelve (12) STEM
Students whichever is hard to deal with, the online style of learning or the modular type

of learning. The researchers utilized the descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency

and percentage of two (2) or more dependent and independent variables. Likewise,

correlation analysis performance in double-shift education system. This also includes

the scaling system, which was used by the researchers as a technique to monitor the

respondents’ interpretation of facts.

Ethical Considerations

A letter request to conduct the study was sent to the office of the school principal

of Valencia National High School to have legitimate statement or notice for the

researchers to have access in interviewing the students through online foregoing the

collection of data of the students’ performance among Grade twelve (12) STEM

students due to the online and modular type of learning (Appendix A). Furthermore, a

letter of consent was given to each of the respondents that stated different statements

for the respondents’ freedom.