EFFECTS OF ONLINE LEARNING TO GRADE 12 HUMSS

STUDENTS IN ARGAO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

A research proposal

Presented to the faculty

Of Senior High School Department

Argao National High School

Canbanua, Argao, Cebu

In partial Fulfillment for the

Subject Practical Research 2

Quantitative Research

By

Carmen M. Albiso

March 2021
 Table of Contents

Chapter One:
Rationale of the Study……………………………………………………………………1-3
Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………………….4
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework………………………………………………5-7
Significance of the Study………………………………………………………………...8-9
Scope and Delimitation………………………………………………………………….…9
Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………………….10-11

Chapter Two:
Review of Related Literatures and Studies…………………………………………12-16

Chapter Three:
Research Design……………………………………………………………………………16
Research Environment……………………………………………………………….....16-17
Sampling Procedure………………………………………………………………………...17
Research Respondents………………………………………………………………....17-18
Research Instrument………………………………………………………………………..18
Data Gathering Procedure……………………………………………………………...18-19
Statistical Treatment………………………………………………………………………...19
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………....20-23
Appendices……………………………………………………………………………………24
Appendix A…………………………………………………………………………....25
Appendix B…………………………………………………………………………....26
Appendix C…………………………………………………………………………....27
 CHAPTER 1:
THE BACKGROUND AND ITS PROBLEM

INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the Study

Learning is our first step in becoming successful in life. It helps us gain

knowledge and also makes our life easier. Online learning is any learning experience or

environment that relies upon the internet as the primary delivery mode of

communication and presentation. Online learning changes the way that students of all

types and ages interact with access information. Investing in online learning can

increased access, improved quality of learning, and better preparation of students for a

knowledge-based society.

Contrary to popular belief, online education is not a new phenomenon. The first

correspondence and distance learning educational programs were initiated in the mid-

1880s by the University of London. Online instruction is often student-centered and

requires active learning. In student-centered, the students usually determine classroom

dynamics as they independently analyze the information, construct questions, and ask

the teachers for clarification (Salcedo, 2010).

Online classes may increase efficiency and course productivity. In an online

environment, teachers can reach students with different learning styles more easily. For

those who crippling social anxiety, a screen separating them from others may be a relief

and provide a less stressful way to ask questions and make comments. However, if
students have lack of proficiency with computers and Internet, teachers cannot see

student reactions, and do not always receive immediate feedback. Moreover, online

learning may decrease costs for schools or institutions and students alike. Students can

save money on gas and other travel expenses, while maintain a full-time job that may

not have been possible with a traditional education.

The internet has made online learning possible, and many researchers and

educators are interested in online learning to enhance and improve student learning

particularly in higher education (Tuan Nguyen, 2015).

In March 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced

medical schools in the Philippines to stop face-to-face learning activities and abruptly

shift to an online curriculum (medRxiv, 2020). The COVID-19 has resulted in schools

shut all across the world. Globally, over 1.2 billion children are out of the classroom. As

a result, education has changed dramatically, with the distinctive rise of e- learning,

whereby teaching is undertaken remotely and on digital platforms (Cathy Li and Farah

Lalani, April 29, 2020).

Online learning can be very useful and at the same time useless, because there

are students learned better in online class than face-to-face, especially to those who

had a stable internet connection and complete gadgets to use. But other students

preferred face-to-face because they learn more and cannot be distracted.

Some major distraction online learning causes that could affect students grade is

when teachers lecturing virtually. Usually students using their gadgets every session,

they will be tempted to check on their social media accounts. It has potentially harmful
effects on their online class. Students might stop listening and may miss some

important lessons or instructions to their activities and performance tasks. This could

affect their grades on summative tests and eventually their final grades.

Online learning can be beneficial to students because they can still have virtual

interaction with their classmates and teachers. Moreover, students can easily share

their ideas and thoughts with each other about the lessons discussed by their teachers

virtually and they also had a student-teacher interaction and vice versa. But when

students don’t have a reliable internet access and/or technology struggle to participate

in digital learning, especially to those who lived in rural areas it can distract to their

classes. Moreover, students can easily share their ideas and thoughts with each other

about the lessons discussed by their teachers virtually and they also had a student-

teacher interaction and vice versa.

The importance of this study is to know the positive and negative effects of the

students’ engaging online learning and to come up a reliable data in this study.
 Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the positive and negative effects of Online learning

to the Grade 11 HUMSS students in Argao National High School.

Specifically, this will answer to the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

2. What are the reasons why students engage in online learning in terms of the

following aspects:

2.1 Attitude behavior and;

2.2 Social relations:

3. What are the positive effects of online learning in terms of:

3.1 Relationship towards classmates and;

3.2 Socialization:

4. What are the negative effects of online learning in terms of:

4.1 Behavior and;

4.2 Time management:

5. Is there a significant relationship between the positive and negative effects of

online learning to the students?

Theoretical Background

Rapid developments in technology have made distance education easy (McBrien et al.,

2010). In these environments, students can be anywhere (independent) to learn and interact

with instructors and other students” (Singh & Thurman, 2019). However, online learning faces

many challenges ranging from learner's issues, educator's issues, and content issues. It is a

challenge for institutions to engage students and make them participate in the teaching–learning

process. This leads to many system changes in organizations as they adopt new technology for

interacting and working (Mark & Semaan, 2008). Also, it is a challenge for teachers to move

from offline mode to online mode, changing their teaching methodologies, and managing their

time. It is challenging to develop content which not only covers the curriculum but also engage

the students (Kebritchi et al., 2017).

Problems Associated in Online Learning

Ensuring digital equity is crucial in this tough time. Not all the teachers and

students have access to all digital devices, internet, and Wi-Fi. Unavailability of proper

digital tools, no internet connections, Wi-Fi connections can cause a lot of trouble due to

which many students might lose out learning opportunities. This problem needs to be

tackled immediately so that everyone can enjoy the benefits of quality education via

online learning (Cojocariu et al., 2014). Efforts should be taken by institutions to ensure

that every student and faculty is having access to the required resources. One should

find new ways to continue with teaching–learning activities (Chang-Richards et al.,

2013).They must also ensure that all the educational applications work on mobile

phones as well, in case students do not have laptops. Disasters will continue to occur

and technologies will likely help us cope with them (Meyer & Wilson, 2011). Some
students do not have access to all online technology. These students are less affluent

and belong to less tech-savvy families with financial resources restrictions. Therefore,

they may lose out when classes occur online. They may lose out because of the heavy

costs associated with digital devices and internet data plans. One should not merely

focus on the pros attached to the adoption of online learning during the crises but

should also take account of developing and enhancing the quality of virtual courses

delivered in such emergencies (Affouneh et al., 2020)

Benefits of Online Learning

Whether it is asynchronous or synchronous, online learning has several advantages:

For instance, it does not depend on being in the same physical location and can thus

increase participation rates. In addition, it can be cost-effective because online learning

reduces travel and other costs required to attend in-person classes and also may

provide learning opportunities for some students who engaged in full-time or part-time

jobs (Fedynich 2014; Yilmaz 2019). Moreover, online learning can be a convenient

means for communication among participants as well as instructors because

participants do not have to meet in person.

Theoretical Framework
Significance of the Study

This study is descriptive research that will tries to determine the positive and

negative effects of online learning to the grade 12 HUMSS students in Argao National

High School.

The result of this research is helpful and beneficial in many ways. This research will be

advantageous to the following:

Students

The direct recipients of the output of this research are the children and enable

them to identify the positive and negative effects of online learning.

Any improvement of e-learning can help them producing better learning to survive and

thrive in studying. It is also a person who attends a school, college or universities.

Students studied something for they can read and understand and express their

thoughts and share their knowledge about they read.

Parents

The research benefits the parent of the children who are engaging in online

learning. As parents enrolled their children in (online class) school this institution, comes

with self-assurance that their children are given education that would make them

functional individual in the school.

School

It is the house of the students that they need to learn and enrolled. It is also an

institution for the teaching of the children.

Current and Future Researchers

The result of the proposed study will serve as an accomplishment to the

researcher. And give them vast knowledge and experience in making research

proposal. The proposed study will also help the future researchers as their reference

and guide to those who will conduct future studies regarding in the effects of online

learning and further develop the study.

Scope and Delimitation

This study aims to determine the positive and negative effects of online learning

to the Grade 12 HUMSS students of Argao National High School for the School Year

2020-2021.

The Delimitation of the study covers the accessibility, the collaboration,

willingness to participate, and the honesty of the respondents in answering the

questionnaires. As well as we limit the data of the respondents engaging in

Asynchronous and Synchronous (online) class. Delimitation also includes the availability

of the data needed to be collected of the researcher.

The researcher has chosen the Grade 12 HUMSS students engaging online

class in Argao National High School as respondents who are enough to assess the

validity and reliability of the study.

Definition of Terms

For better understanding the following terms are being defined operationally.

Asynchronous- Asynchronous communication happens when information can be

exchanged independent of time. It doesn't require the recipient's immediate attention,

allowing them to respond to the message at their convenience. Examples of

asynchronous communication are emails, online forums, and collaborative documents.

Asynchronous learning does not require real-time interaction; instead, content is

available online for students to access when it best suits their schedules, and

assignments are completed to deadlines.

COVID-19- COVID-19 is a disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus. 'CO' stands

for corona, 'VI' for virus, and 'D' for disease. Formerly, this disease was referred to as

'2019 novel coronavirus' or '2019-nCoV.'

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered

coronavirus. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to

moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment.

Face-to-face learning- Face-to-face learning is an instructional method where course

content and learning material are taught in person to a group of students. This allows for

a live interaction between a learner and an instructor.

Traditional (Face-to-Face) teaching (also known as in-person, F2F) focuses on several

elements, including lectures, capstones, team projects, labs, studios, and so forth.
School- A school is an educational institution designed to provide learning spaces and

learning environments for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers. Most

countries have systems of formal education, which is sometimes compulsory.

Synchronous- Synchronous learning is online or distance education that happens in

real time, often with a set class schedule and required login times.

Synchronous learning happens in real time. This means that you, your classmates, and

your instructor interact in a specific virtual place at a set time. In these courses,

instructors commonly take attendance, same as they would in a lecture hall.

 CHAPTER TWO:
Review of Related Literatures and Studies

Nowadays, we are all staying in our homes due to the lockdown policy

implemented by the government. However, learning should not halt. Different countries

worldwide have introduced various answers during the pandemic to continue the

education process - the introduction of distance learning. These are online learning

platforms such as google, TV broadcasts, guidelines, resources, video lectures and

online channels were introduced (UNESCO, 2020). With schools to re-open its doors

the following school year, it’s vital to plan how schools will be able to pursue their

mission of implementing quality education to every student.

In the time of COVID-19, online learning became a necessity for learners and

educators all over the world (Ali, 2020). The Philippines is not the only country facing

these problems. The Southeast Asian neighbors have creatively responded to the same

challenges and started to revolve to a new era of education. As an example Indonesia,

Thailand, and Vietnam have initiated some form of distance learning as early as May

2020. Thailand’s Education Ministry originally planned to implement a learning program

using a Distance Learning Television (DLTV) platform. Seventeen television channels

were set up to broadcast educational courses, vocational education, non-formal and

informal education (Praphornkul, 2020).

The approach combines television or on-air learning and online learning. The

rollout, however, was met with criticisms due to broadcasting problems and poor

connectivity (Bangkok Post, 2020a). Also, there are advantages and disadvantages in
online learning. Some of the advantages are self-paced study, time and space flexibility,

time saving (no commute between home and school) and the fact that an online

learning often costs less. Disadvantages include a sense of isolation, the struggle with

staying motivated, lack of face-to-face interaction, difficulty in getting immediate

feedback, the need for constant and reliable access to technology (De Paepe, Zhu, &

Depryck, 2018). Consequently, some questions that have arisen with online learning is

whether it offers the same value as learning in a classroom, and whether it helps

students to imbibe knowledge as they would if they were in a classroom?

As school is a public place where crowd is unavoidable and children are vulnerable,

there is a need to strengthen policy in terms of the delivery of instruction in order to

provide opportunities for online learning platforms. Numerous innovative programs

have been proposed by the different learning sectors in the Philippines. As the

Philippines ventures into a new mode of learning, several factors need to be

considered. These include teacher capacity, situation and context of the learner, and

efficiency of the learning environment. These are, of course, on top of the more obvious

issues of internet speed, cost of materials, and mode of delivery.

Online learning might be in terms of synchronous, real-time lectures and time-

based outcomes assessments, or asynchronous, delayed-time activities, like pre-

recorded video lectures and time-independent assessments (Oztok et al., 2013). As the

Philippine’s Department of Education (DepEd) Secretary, Leonor Briones quipped,

“Education must continue even in times of crisis whether it may be a calamity, disaster,

emergency, quarantine, or even war” (Department of Education, 2020). This

pronouncements aim to encourage the continuance of learning. Without implementing

rules and regulations. However on the other hand, there is an issue about the “lack of

environments conducive to learning at home and the effectiveness of the online

lectures” (Bagayas, 2020). Social media hashtags like, #NoStudentLeftBehind,

#NoSchoolLeftBehind, #EndOnlineClasses, #EndTheSem, and #NoToOnlineClasses

strengthen these sentiments further.

On top of these concerns, however, such a form of education in the new normal

need not be limited to online learning (Baggaley, 2010). Some have suggested using

cell phones and (SMS) texting technology to facilitate learning (Flores, 2018). Others

urge to employ TV programs, radio broadcasts, and other non-internet based media

(Punzalan, 2020). Perhaps, some teachers like in Argao National High School goes

back to basics and distribute annotated physical textbooks to their students through

courier services. As long as the education sector is engaged, teachers and students

have ample support, the curriculum and content of the learning modules are well-

defined and personalized, technological limitations are acknowledged, and user-friendly

and enjoyable materials are present, education will continue one way or another

(Ramos et al., 2007; Ali, 2020). Such support presupposes collaboration between

teachers and policy makers and authorities to develop the relevant referenced programs

as well.

Several months after the initial backlash in March 2020, the Department of

Education (DepEd) sets a distance learning approach that utilizes three methods: (1)

delivery of printed modules to students, (2) access to DepEd Commons, an online

education platform DepEd developed to support alternative modes of learning, and (3)

delivery of lessons or self-learning modules via radio and television. The specific
guidelines on the implementation of distance learning, however, are still under review

(Magsambol, 2020). It focuses on the design and delivery of programs, courses, and

learning interventions that address the learners’ unique needs in terms of pace, place,

process, and products of learning (Parrocha, 2020).

The Department of Education emphasized that it would not necessarily mean

that teachers and learners will go to schools and learn inside the classrooms and

devised various modalities to ensure that online learning is a choice among all

others in this new learning environment (DepEd, 2020). In addition, it will adopt

numerous learning delivery options but not limited to face-to-face, blended learnings,

distance learnings, and home-schooling and other modes of delivery (CHED, 2020;

DepEd, 2020). However, the implementation would pose such problems on students

who have limited internet access, no gadgets and the poor. According to the

report of (Akamai 2017), the Philippines has the lowest internet connectivity in

Asia. Besides, such challenges would be equity gaps, students’ security and safety,

quality of learning compromised and poor assessment results (Winthrop, 2020).

Changes on the grading system, assessment and evaluation of student’s

performance will also be a challenge to every administrator. In addition, laboratory

activities in sciences and other subjects that require performance such as Physical

Education and culture and arts would be limited to paper and pen test, unless schools

will require students to be physically present to be assessed through performance

tests.

In addition, extra-curricular activities in school such as scouting, proms, sports

intramurals, contests and foundation day will be reduced and discontinued. In terms of
teaching, teacher training to online instruction, blended learning and distance learning is

also recommended in order to adjust to the new instructional format (Toquero, 2020).

Teacher competencies in both pedagogy and technology should be reinforced. This

transition to the new normal, from the four corners of the classroom to the borders of

virtual reality, every learning institution needs to study how successful online learning is

in providing quality education.

 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the research design, area of the study, population, sample of

population, sampling technique, and instrument for data collection, validation of the

questionnaire and administration of the instrument were discussed to allow the reader

critically evaluate a study’s validity and reliability.

Research Design

The positive and negative effect of online learning to the grade 12 HUMSS

Students in Argao National High School, S.Y. 2020-2021 was determined and described

using the process of quantitative method. This study focuses the effects of online

learning to the grade 12 HUMSS students in Argao National High School. Thus,

descriptive method was use in this study to answer the stated problems.

This method is used to discover facts on which professional judgement could be

based.

Research Environment

The study will be conducted in one of the well-known school, namely Argao

National High School which is located at Barangay Canbanua, Argao, Cebu in the

southern part of Argao. The said school is the public institution that is supported by

government.
 This study will be approach by Senior High School Students specifically those

who are in Grade 12 HUMSS students who are taking Asynchronous and Synchronous

(online) class. This will be conducted in the school year 2020-2021.

Sampling Procedure

The researcher will take the number of students to be questioned using Random

Sampling Procedure to determine the respondents of their study. The researcher

chooses this procedure because this study is capable to the respondents who are in

Grade 12 HUMSS taking Asynchronous and Synchronous (online) class. Every

respondent of the investigation will receive the questionnaires that will be answered.

Research Respondents

The Respondents are the Grade 12 HUMSS Students of Argao National High

School. In addition, the research study to determine and describe the effects of online

learning to Grade 12 HUMSS Students in Argao National High School who are taking

Asynchronous and Synchronous (online) class. The researcher will ask 19

Asynchronous and 8 Synchronous as participants in section Archers. The total numbers

of students enrolled in Grade 12 HUMSS are 136. In section Archers, there are 47 total

numbers of students: 19 are taking Asynchronous class, 8 are taking Synchronous

class, and 20 are taking (offline) modular class. In section Spartans, there are 45 total

numbers of students who are taking (offline) modular class. In section Vikings, there are

44total numbers of students taking (offline) modular class. The researcher got the

number of students per section by asking Ms. Jouleny P. Famat, the teacher in practical
research 2 and the adviser of grade 12 HUMSS Vikings. This will be confidential in the

school year 2020-2021.

Research Instrument

The researcher will use standardized questionnaires to gather data from the

Grade 12 HUMSS students. The standardized questionnaires that is related to the study

entitled: the effects of online learning to the grade 12 HUMSS students in Argao

National High School. Participants will answer it by putting a checkmark to their

corresponding choice of answers.

Data Gathering Procedure

Define researchers will conduct the study; the researchers will write a letter to the

principal, Mr. Crisente J. Piñol to ask permission to administer the study. The

researchers will look for students to the choosen section of Grade 12 HUMSS students

who are taking Asynchronous and Synchronous (online) class in Argao National High

School. The respondent is given questionnaires and 10-12 minutes to answer the set of

questions.

Researchers will follow basic procedure in order to successfully gather the data.

First, the researchers will write a letter addressed to the administrator (Appendix A)

asking the principal permission to conduct the study. Once the letter will be approved,

the researcher will then present a letter to the subject teacher (Appendix B) asking

permission to conduct the study. Upon the approval of the subject teacher, the

researcher will then proceed with the sampling procedure. Upon identifying who are the

participants, the researcher will give a transmittal letter (Appendix C) to identified

respondents, and after which the questionnaire (Appendix D). The researcher will then

guide the participants in answering the questions. After which they will collect, tabulate,

use statistical treatment, and analyze the data.

Statistical Treatment

To interpret the data effectively, the researcher will employ the following

statistical treatment, the frequency count and percentage.

This will employ to determine the frequency counts and percentage distribution of

personal related variables of the respondents.

Formula: %=F/N x 100

% is the percentage

F is the frequency

N is the total number of respondents

100 is the constant value

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APPENDICES
 APPENDIX A

Transmittal Letter to the Principal

Date: ________

Mr. Cresente J. Piñol

Principal, Argao National High School

Canbanua, Argao, Cebu

Dear Mr. Piñol:

Greatings of Peace!

With due respect, I would like to ask permission to conduct a research study at Argao
National High School. I am a Grade12 student from Humanities and Social Sciences
and as a part of the curriculum I am asked to do a research study. The study is entitled,
"The Effects of Online Learning to the Grade12 Students in Argao National High
School".

I hope that the school administration will allow me to conduct a survey for the success
of my study. I will ask for your consideration to grant my letter to conduct this survey
from Grade12 HUMSS Students taking Asynchronous and Synchronous (online) class
in Argao National High School this school year 2020-2021.

If approval is granted, Grade12 Students will serve as my respondents and are taken to
answer the given survey questionnaire honestly. Your approval to conduct this study will
be greatly appreciated.

Sincerely,

Carmen M. Albiso

Signed by:

Ms. Jouleny P. Famat

Research Adviser

Approved by:

MR. CRESENTE J. PIÑOL

Principal
 APPENDIX B

Transmittal Letter to the Subject Teacher

Date: _______

Argao National High School

Canbanua, Argao, Cebu

Dear Ma'am/Sir,

Greetings of Peace!

With due respect, I would like to ask permission to conduct a research study. I am a
Grade12 student from Humanities and Social Sciences and as a part of the curriculum I
am asked to do a research study. The study is entitled, "The Effects of Online Learning
to the Grade12 Students in Argao National High School".

I am hoping that you will allow me to conduct a survey for the success of my study. I will
ask for your consideration to grant my letter to conduct this survey from the Grade 12
HUMSS taking online class, both Asynchronous and Synchronous.

If approval is granted, those students taking Asynchronous and Synchronous class in

Grade12 HUMSS will serve as my respondents and are tasked to answer the given
survey questionnaire honestly. Your approval to conduct this study will be greatly
appreciated.

Sincerely,

Carmen M. Albiso

Signed by:

Ms. Jouleny P. Famat

Research Adviser

Approved by:

MR. CRESENTE J. PIÑOL

Principal
 APPENDIX C

Transmittal Letter to the Respondents

Date: _______

Argao National High School

Canbanua, Argao, Cebu

Dear Respondents,

Greatings of Peace!

With due respect, I would like to ask permission to conduct a research study during your
class time or free time. I am Grade12 student from Humanities and Social Sciences as
a part of curriculum I am asked to do a research study. The study is entitled, "The
Effects of Online Learning to the Grade12 Students in Argao National High School".

I am hoping that you will allow me to conduct a survey for the success of my study. I will
ask for your consideration to grant my letter to conduct this survey from this class.

If approval is granted, you will serve as my respondents and are tasked to answer the
given survey questionnaires honestly. Your approval to conduct this study will be greatly
appreciated.

Sincerely,

Carmen M. Albiso

Signed by:

Ms. Jouleny P. Famat

Research Adviser

Approved by:

MR. CRESENTE J. PIÑOL

Principal