Orthographic

Multi-View Drawings
 Who, what, where, when, why…
When we look at objects, we normally see them as three-dimensional;
as having a length, width and height.
 Who, what, where, when, why…
Who Makes These drawings?
• Engineers, architects, draftspeople, designers,
What are they?
• Drawings for the purpose of having something made
Where are they used?
• Almost all industries who make or build things need them
When are they used?
• Constantly. Whether to send to suppliers to have
something made. Used to check the quality of things.
Communicate changes to designs. Get approvals... Etc..
Why are they important?
• They contain all the information to build something. Size,
shape, material, details, components. If you got your hands
on all the drawings for an Iphone, you could easily copy one!
 Viewing Objects
When we look at objects, we normally see them as three-dimensional;
as having a length, width and height.
 Viewing Objects
An orthographic view is what
you see when you look directly
at one side or “face” of the
object. It is always a two-
dimensional view where you
see the height and the width
of the object.

Regardless of the surface

that you view, you will
always see two dimensions
 Viewing Objects
All objects can be
viewed from six sides.
 Orthographic Projection
Orthographic projection is a drawing technique that shows the
precise shape and details of an object’s sides into a series of
planes drawn at right angles (90o) to each other.

Taken together, the

drawings on these planes
form a complete
description of the object
without distortion.

*Method used in almost

all technical part drawings
in industry!
 The Transparent Box
Orthographic projection can be better understood with the aid of
a transparent box.
Imagine that the object is
suspended inside the
transparent box.

The observer looks squarely

at one face of the object.
What is seen is traced on
the transparent surface.

The observer then views a

different face and the view is
again traced on the
transparent surface
 The Transparent Box
The transparent surfaces are then opened and when it lies flat
all six of the surfaces are projected at right angles to each
other

Using this method

helps to determine
the views to be drawn
according to third-
angle projection.

Part of the skill of

drafting is an ability
to “see” each face of
an object without the
aid of the
transparent box.
Example
Example
 Video Example
Here is a quick video example of the basic idea of
Orthographic Drawing:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SdLegfoMXNA
 Week 1 Exercises
• Try the following exercises.
• They start easier and get more difficult.
• You can print these slides and do them on paper or write
the answers separately.
• I will share the answers shortly for you to check your
work.
• This is Part 1. We will do more on Orthographic Drawing in
Part 2 of this slideshow.
• Topics include:
• Selecting a good Front View
• Choosing the number of views
• Drawing the views
• Hidden and Center lines