BODY POSITION

have an initial reference point standard position called

ANATOMICAL POSITION
facing the observer; face forward lower limbs are parallel
and feet are flat, palms in front

PRONE – face down

SUPINE POSITION – face up

Language of Anatomy
SUPERIOR/CRANIAL- upper part INFERIOR/CAUDAL-lower part
ANTERIOR/VENTRAL- front POSTERIOR/DORSAL- back
MEDIAL- inner side LATERAL- outer side
INTERMEDIATE- in between SUPERFICIAL- more external
DEEP- more internal INSPILATERAL- same side
CONTRALATERAL- opposite side PROXIMAL- near to the trunk
DISTAL- far to the trunk DIGIT/PHALANGEAL-finger
PUBIC-pubis FEMORAL-thigh
PATELLAR- front of knee CRURAL-leg or shin
TARSAL- ankle DIGITAL-toe
PEDAL-foot DORSUM-top of foot
HALLUX-great toe CRANIAL- skull
FACIAL-face CEPHALIC-head
FRONTAL- forehead TEMPORAL-temple
ORBITAL/OCULAR-eye OTIC-ear
BUCCAL- cheek BRACHIAL- arm
NASAL-nose ANTECUBITAL- front of elbow
ORAL-mouth ANTERBRACHIAL- forearm
MENTAL- chin ABDOMINAL- abdomen
CLAVICLE- neck UMBILICAL- navel
STERNAL- breastbone AXILLARY- armpit
THORACIC-chest MAMMARY- breast
COXAL- hip INGUINAL- groin
PELVIC- pelvis POLLEX- thumb MANUAL-hand
PLAMAR/VOLAR- palm CARPAL- wrist
OCCIPITAL- base of skull SCAPULAR-shoulder blade
SACRAL-between hips OLECRANAL/CUBITAL-back of elbow
GLUTEAL-buttock PERINEAL-region of anus & external organs
DORSUM-back of hand POPLITEAL- hollow behind knee
SURAL-calf PLANTAR-sole
VERTEBRAL- spinal column DORSAL-back
CALCANEAL-heel LUMBAR- loin

Body Planes & Section

PLANES
flat surface that pass through the body parts pertains to cut
SECTION
image/view of the body or one of its organ pertains to the view

1.SAGITTAL PLANE - vertical plane that separates right and left side
A. MIDSAGITTAL/MEDIAN PLANE-equal left and right side
B. PARASAGITTAL PLANE- unequal side
 2. FRONTAL/CORONAL PLANE
vertical plane that separates anterior (front) and posterior (back)
portions
cut runs from right to left side or vice versa

3. TRANSVERSE PLANE
horizontal plane that separates superior (upper) and inferior (lower)
portions also known as CROSS-SECTIONAL/HORIZONTAL PLANE

4. OBLIQUE PLANE
diagonal cut, angle other than the right angle (90 degree)

Feedback System
1. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
reverse a change in variable
2. POSITIVE FEEDBACK
strengthen or reinforce a change