HUMAN ANATOMY PRELIM TERM

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
AND PHYSIOLOGY NURSING 1

WEEK 2
Back (dorsal)
THE LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY Scapular
Vertebral
Lumbar
Anatomical Position Sacral
Body erect, feet slightly apart, palm face forward, thumbs pointing Gluteal
out Perineal (between anus and external genitalia)

Cephalic
Frontal
Orbital
Nasal
Oral
Mental
Ottic
Occipital

Thoraric
Sternal
Axillary
Mammary

Abdominal
Umbilical

Pelvic
Inguinal (groin)

Pubic
Genital

Upper Limb
Acromial
Brachial (arm)
Antecubital
Olecranal
Antebrachial (forearm) Directional Terms
Carpal Wrist
 Superior (cranial)
Manus (hand)  Inferior (caudal)
Pollex
Metacarpal  Ventral (anterior)
Palmar  Dorsal (posterior)
Digital
 Medial
Lower Limb  Lateral
Coxal (hip)  Intermediate
Femoral (thigh)
Patellar  Proximal
Popliteal  Distal
Crural (leg)
Sural (calf)
 Superficial (external)
Fibular or peroneal
 Deep (internal)
Pedal (foot)
Tarsal (ankle) Regional Terms:
Calcaneal
 Axial
Metatarsal
 Appendicular
Digital
Plantar
Hallux
Cervical

H U M A N A N A T O M Y A N D P H Y S I O L O G Y | 47
Planes PROXIMAL
The body can be cut (sectioned) along flat surfaces called Closer to the origin of the body part or
planes: the point of attachment of a limb to
the body trunk
SAGGITAL PLANE
Example:
• Midsagittal/median The elbow is proximal to the wrist.
• Parasaggital
FRONTAL (CORONAL) PLANE
DISTAL
Farther from the origin of a body part
TRANSVERSE (HORIZONTAL) PLANE or the point of attachment of a limb to
the body trunk
Example:
OBLIQUE SECTION The knee is distal to the thigh.

Orientation and Directional Terms:

SUPERFICIAL (EXTERNAL)
SUPERIOR (CRANIAL)
Toward or at the body surface
Toward the head end or upper part of Example:
a structure or the body; above The skin is superficial to the skeletal
Example: muscles.
The head is superior to the abdomen.
DEEP (INTERNAL)
Away from the body surface, more internal
INFERIOR (CAUDAL)
Example: Picture
Away from the head end or toward The lungs are deep to the skin.
the lower part of a structure or the
body, below
Example:
The navel is inferior to the chin. Regional Terms

• Axial: main part of body head, neck, & trunk

• Appendicular: limbs attached to axis
VENTRAL (ANTERIOR)*
Toward or at the front of the body; in front of
Example:
The breastbone is anterior to the spine

DORSAL (POSTERIOR)*
Toward or at the back of the body, behind
Example:
The heart is posterior to the breast bone.

MEDIAL
Toward or at the midline of the body,
on the inner side of
Example: Planes
The heart is medial to the arm.
SAGITTAL PLANE: DIVIDES INTO RIGHT/LEFT
LATERAL • Median or midsagittal (exactly down middle)
Away from the midline of the body on • Parasaggital
the outer side of
Example:
The arms are lateral to the chest. FRONTAL/CORONAL PLANE: DIVIDES INTO ANTERIOR AND
POSTERIOR

INTERMEDIATE
Between a more medial and a more TRANSVERSE/HORIZONTAL PLANE: DIVIDES INTO
lateral structure SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR
Example:
The collarbone is intermediate between
the breastbone and shoulder. OBLIQUE: DIAGONAL CUTS BETWEEN HORIZONTAL AND
VERTICAL

H U M A N A N A T O M Y A N D P H Y S I O L O G Y | 48
 Membranes

SEROSA
Lines ventral body cavity and outer surfaces of organs
Parietal serosa
- lines cavity wall
Visceral serosa
- folds in; covers organs in cavity

• Serous fluid: lubricates space between membranes

BODY CAVITIES

DORSAL BODY CAVITY:

 Cranial cavity
 Vertebral/spinal cavity
VENTRAL BODY CAVITY
 Thoracic
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus
 Abdominopelvic RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT
digestive, reproductive, urinary

LEFT UPPER QUADRANT

RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT

LEFT LOWER QUADRANT

H U M A N A N A T O M Y A N D P H Y S I O L O G Y | 49
Abdominopelvic Regions

RIGHT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION

Liver
Gallbladder
EPIGASTRIC REGION
Stomach
LEFT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION
Diaphragm
RIGHT LUMBAR REGION
Ascending colon of large intestine
UMBILICAL REGION
Small intestine
Transverse colon of large intestine
LEFT LUMBAR REGION
Descending colon of large intestine
RIGHT ILIAC (INGUINAL) REGION
Cecum
Appendix
HYPOGASTRIC (PUBIC) REGION
Urinary bladder
LEFT ILIAC (INGUINAL) REGION
Initial part of sigmoid colon

H U M A N A N A T O M Y A N D P H Y S I O L O G Y | 50